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Peter Kindler, Günter H. Roth - The Spirit of Corporate Law

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Peter Kindler, Günter H. Roth

The Spirit of Corporate Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

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. Protection of Minority Interests S. 146-183

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Chapter 4. Protection of Minority Interests I. General principles …” „… Hu¨ffer, AktG, § 179 marginal no. 14; BGH NJW 1975, 212. Chapter 4. Protection of Minority Interests 114 …” „… but does not solve the problem of a minority which may be outvoted. 2. Majority rule and protection of …”

. The Future of European Company Law S. 210-219

„… the Anglo-American tradition protection of minority interests as between the shareholders cannot be …” „… genuine entrepreneurial decisions (“business judgment rule”). 3. Minority protection (supra, Chapter 4 …” „… Anglo-American minority protection, it needs to be stated that within this legal tradition the former issue very …”

. Introduction S. 34-59

„… supervisory board.43 c) Protection of minority interests. The overlaps in both analysing the problem and …” „… coin: the substantive protection of the minority with its focus on providing a substantive analysis of …” „… lower level of regulation in this area; still the effectiveness of minority protection – and that is the …”

Index S. 220-223

„… . Divestment (and minority protection) 116 Dualistic management structure 21, 91 et seqq. Duties (members of …” „… Minority interests 9, 113–149 Minority protection 120–150, 181 et seqq. Model agreement 52 MoMiG 6, 168–176 …” „… rights 127 Behavioral theory 8 Blocking minority 121 Bounded rationality 31 Burden of proof 46, 140 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-33

„… ................................................................................... 9 c) Protection of minority interests …” „… ................................................................................................................. 110 Chapter 4. Protection of Minority Interests I. General principles …” „… ...................................................... 115 b) Minority protection and divestment …”

. The Structure of the Corporation S. 104-145

„… form of protections for minority shareholders and management duties related to third party interests …” „… supposed to harmonise the safeguards of the Member States related to the protection of “members and others …” „… is involved is the classic issue of protecting minority shareholders against abuses on the part of …”

. Minimum Capital and Capital Protection S. 60-103

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Chapter 2. Minimum Capital and Capital Protection I. Limitations …” „… marginal no. 5. Chapter 2. Minimum Capital and Capital Protection 28 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… liability and creditor protection The statutory options for limiting risk and liability by forming a …”

. The External Control of Corporations S. 184-209

„… protection is best ensured by the obligations of the members of the management body, particularly in the …” „… needed which can ensure the necessary protection of creditors and others, if necessary, even against the …” „… public. With this, it realises mainly the second protective purpose of Art. 50(2)(g) TFEU, the protection …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259178

Markus Warasin - Die asymmetrische Politisierung als neue Triebfeder der europäischen Integrationsdynamik

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Markus Warasin

Die asymmetrische Politisierung als neue Triebfeder der europäischen Integrationsdynamik

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 106 2019

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5. A Minority Charter? Opportunities for and Perspectives on the Protection of Minorities S. 158-185

„… A Minority Charter? Opportunities for and Perspectives on the Protection of Minorities* Abstract …” „… working in the field of minority protection, linguistic diversity and human rights and their influence on …” „… . Several organizations working in the field of minority protection have wholeheartedly promoted an open …”

4. Minority protection and lesser used language promotion: the Convention on the future of the European Union S. 137-157

„… Minority protection and lesser used language promotion: the Convention on the future of the …” „… Prime Minister Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, minority protection or the promotion of lesser-used languages …” „… Implementation, Routledge 2016. It presents an updated and extended version of the article „Minority Protection …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen3.4. 133 Auswahlbibliographie 136 Minority protection and lesser used …” „… Protection of Minorities 5. 158 Minority Languages—Languages of Minorities: Two Decades of Compromises 5.1 …” „… Some recent developments4.4. 154 A Minority Charter? Opportunities for and Perspectives on the …”

6. Politicisation of EU gender policies: the political dynamics in the European Parliament Committee on Women's Right and Gender Equality S. 186-201

„… Consumer Protection (IMCO), to Culture and Education (CULT) and Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs …” „… , promotion and protection of women’s rights as well as initiatives in the areas of equal opportunities in …” „… the area which point to significant internal splits within the party groups, with minority fractions …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297941

Giovanni Poggeschi - Language Rights and Duties in the Evolution of Public Law

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Giovanni Poggeschi

Language Rights and Duties in the Evolution of Public Law

Series: Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie Bozen, Bereich »Minderheiten und Autonomien«

Volume 23 2013

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Protection of More Minority Languages S. 158-160

„… 158 4.4.3. Protection of More Minority Languages I analyse here the legislation that regards other …” „… the overseas regions509. The juridical protection of the linguistic minority of the Sorbs in Germany …” „… minority languages, which enjoy a lower sociolinguistic status than the ones analysed above. This happens …”

Brief History of Linguistic Rights. Linguistic Rights and Minority Rights. Evolution of the Doctrine. Linguistic Rights of the First, Second and Third Types. The Role of Comparative Law S. 19-35

„… ., it was a matter of the ?third season of minority protection?, the shortest, lasting only twenty years …” „… the idea of confining measures of minority protection to citizens of the State32. In a recent book, I …” „… minorities in the USA, both through the general Ethnic Identity and Minority Protection. Designation …”

Linguistic Rights in Slovakia S. 75-84

„… Minority Protection in the CEECs? (2003) Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe (JEMIE) 1 …” „… Commission has not criticised the disregard of the criterion of minority protection particularly severely …” „… ?: G. Sasse, ?The politics of EU conditionality: the norm of minority protection during and beyond EU …”

The Problematic, and Emblematic, Case of the Question of Minorities in Turkey S. 98-113

„… minority protection in Turkey see G. Poggeschi, ?La Turchia fra pulsioni nazionaliste e doveri (obtorto …” „… various minority linguistic communities, but stresses that on the one hand co-ordination between the …” „… present in this patchwork country, chosen here as the most useful example to explain the complex minority …”

Final Clarifications on This Section S. 113-117

„… present376. The Czech Republic has a good protection of minorities, and there the minority issue, as …” „… other member states now considered immune to sins of a lack of protection of human rights and those of …” „… within the E.U. To do this, it will have to guarantee the enjoyment of first type minority and linguistic …”

Other Experiences of Average and Weak Linguistic Tutelage in Italy S. 155-158

„… Experiences of Average and Weak Linguistic Tutelage in Italy An average protection of local minority spoken …” „… nonetheless a modern instrument of minority law, which may be inscribed ?within a plural system of …” „… sub-systems of the Ladin minority is no great help in forming an institutional identity common to all the …”

Linguistic Rights and Obligations in Latvia S. 84-93

„… 84 Minority protection in Slovakia seems satisfactory for the Hungarian language minority …” „… ?national minority? and ?member of a national minority?: see C. Zwilling, ?Minority Protection and Language …” „… to obligations deriving from European integration, see K. Hallik, ?Minority Protection in Estonia …”

Tutelage of Minorities in Hungary, and the Tutelage of Hungarians in Countries on its Borders S. 121-124

„… 121 countries are very few and enjoy the relatively good minority protection in force in both …” „… Poland and the Czech Republic. The Germans of Denmark enjoy the minority protection mirrored in that of …” „… Treaty of Trianon in 1920 left Hungary 392 On the Danish minority in Germany see E. S. Madsen, ? Die …”

Some Conclusions. Is Autonomy the Panacea for the Enjoyment of Rights by Linguistic Minorities? S. 160-167

„… protection of the linguistic minority of the Sorbs in Germany is also to be considered average. This minority …” „… among those with ?average? protection, rather than those with strong protection carried out by sub-state …” „… minority. So it is the sub-state level which has taken responsibility for the juridical regulation of …”

Essential Bibliography S. 283-286

„… Protection in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Human Rights, Minority Rights, and Self-Determination (Praeger …” „… and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe (Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2008). Levrat, N …” „… Identity and Minority Protection. Designation, Discrimination, and Brutalization (Lexington Books, Plymouth …”

Language and the Law S. 11-18

„… comparative perspective, especially in Europe21 where the emergence of standards of minority protection is one …” „… Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe (Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2008); X. Arzoz (ed.) Respecting …” „… delle minoranze (Cedam, Padova, 1998); T. H. Malloy, National Minority Rights in Europe (Oxford …”

Introduction S. 36-37

„… reflected on the protection of the regional and minority languages spoken in the state: this is shown in the …” „… said in the next one, chapter 4, about the juridical protection given by sub-state entities to minority …” „… 36 3. The Juridical Regulation of Strong and Weak State Languages 3.1. The Protection of Powerful …”

Introductory Clarification S. 118-119

„… , which makes the protection of the minority, and parallel autonomy, less spontaneous. The tutelage of the …” „… concerning the form of state. The brief analysis below begins with the protection of the minority of the Alto …” „… 118 4. The Juridical Regulation of the Languages of Sub-State Authorities and Regional and Minority …”

The Protection of French in France S. 37-41

„… 37 3.1.2. The Protection of French in France Due to its tradition, France is the most typical of …” „… unity69, also by means of a policy of minority integration which, while justified for immigrants and …” „… Constitution and the French laws do not acknowledge for minority groups however, they do acknowledge, albeit to …”

The Establishment of Canada, Federal Bi-National State S. 54-67

„… French-speaking minorities in the rest of Canada (where moreover the level of minority protection varies according …” „… languages, especially when they are in a minority situation: French outside Québec really is a minority …” „… , Bruxelles, 1998), p. 602. 55 Québec enjoys considerable protection. It was the Blaikie rulings of 1979 154 …”

Linguistic Regulation in Macedonia S. 93-98

„… additional research report? in MIRICO – ?Minority Rights Instruments and Mechanisms: Minority Protection …” „… Macedonia This section deals in detail only with the linguistic and minority regulation of Macedonia, a …” „… interested in here, that of the protection of linguistic minorities (as well as the promotion of the majority …”

Introductory Clarification S. 152-155

„… protection of the Slovene linguistic minority of the region Friuli-Venezia Giulia?) is typical of an ?average …” „… constitutional principle of minority protection. Two provisions on the teaching of Friulian in article 14 of the …” „… ?Average? and Weak Linguistic Protection Carried Out Above All by the Sub-State Authoritie The previous …”

The Historical Bases of Minority and Linguistic Issues in China S. 204-208

„… first type minority rights678. There are also regional laws on protection of minorities. For example, in …” „… 1997 the province of Jiangsu adopted a ?Law on the protection of minority rights?. It invites public …” „… way off. It seems the only option possible for a state so radically diverse. 5.4. Minority and …”

Catalonia, the Linguistic Nation Par Excellence S. 124-138

„… neighbouring countries, is added the sting of ?E.U. conditionality?, then the protection of the minority …” „… context of mature experiences of linguistic minority protection the ones which are the main subject of …” „… renegotiated, so the protection of the Castilian speaking minority would be a requisite, unless the new …”

Linguistic Rights in South Africa. From Apartheid to the Constitution of Everyone S. 233-239

„… . 786 According to the approach admirably followed by K. Henrard, Minority Protection in Post-Apartheid …” „… psychoanalysis (the white minority being obviously the main actor of this process), but also means concrete …” „… , necessarily in connection with other minority rights, and in the context of the principles solemnly announced …”

Recent Juridical Developments in China, and Their Influence on the Minority and Linguistic Issue S. 208-213

„… the level of first type minority rights678. There are also regional laws on protection of minorities …” „… . For example, in 1997 the province of Jiangsu adopted a ?Law on the protection of minority rights?. It …” „… minority, three provisions on minority rights were added to the penal code of 1997, which helped to improve …”

The Status of the Other German Minorities in Europe, and of the Swedes in Finland S. 120-121

„… ), p. 69. 121 countries are very few and enjoy the relatively good minority protection in force in both …” „… Poland and the Czech Republic. The Germans of Denmark enjoy the minority protection mirrored in that of …” „… significant is the fact that, precisely starting from the analysis of norms on the tutelage of the minority in …”

Linguistic Rights in Nepal S. 195-197

„… favourable to a majority group which denies the minority rights (irrespective of the political errors the …” „… conclusion of R. Edrisinha, ?Multinational Federalism and Minority Rights in Sri Lanka? in W. Kymlicka and B …” „… National Identity in Nepal? (1999) International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 6, p. 122. 196 as …”

Linguistic Rights of the Roma S. 264-268

„… . Of course, not having a precise territory to refer to for the protection of the minority makes it …” „… cited above provide for them902. In this sense, the definition of a group as either minority or …” „… . They are also a linguistic minority, but their specific characteristics certainly don?t end with the …”

British Devolution and the Question of Welsh and Scottish Gaelic S. 144-147

„… Spain one may conclude that the rule for this protection lies in the diversity of situations465, as …” „… constitution, and one may predict that the evolution of the protection of linguistic rights and …” „… Breton, Scottish Gaelic to Irish Gaelic), are minority languages, but the former much less than the …”

Linguistic Rights in the Autonomous Republics of the Russian Federation. The Linguistic Question in Tatarstan and of the Tartar Language S. 147-152

„… protection and at the same time repression of the Communist Party. It had been 472 Ibid., p. 466. 148 …” „… , after the Roma, are the second most numerous minority within the European Union, and they are also very …” „… relations among minority nationalities themselves: the ?titular nations are often accused of a quite …”

Linguistic Rights of Indegenous People S. 250-264

„… turned out to be in conflict with those of the dominant majority, the status of ?minority? is also the …” „… from their protection by the federal structure or at any rate decentralised structure of the state, but …” „… considered a value worthy of juridical protection, but hard to do when it clashes with other economic …”

Language Rights in Belgium S. 67-75

„… dans la protection des minorités de la Belgique fédérale? in N. Levrat (ed.) supra note 153, p. 213 …” „… fédéralisme belge et la protection des minorités linguistiques et ideologiques? (1995) Revue de droit public …” „… . Williams and J. Marko (eds.) Federalism, Subnational Constitutions, and Minority Rights (Praager, Westport …”

Linguistic Regulation of the Other Autonomous Communities S. 138-144

„… a new state the accession to Europe would probably have to be renegotiated, so the protection of the …” „… Castilian speaking minority would be a requisite, unless the new sovereign powers make a monolingual choice …” „… protection in the next section, on the ?average and weak? protection of languages. Catalan is spoken …”

Historical Introduction to the Subject of Multilingualism in the Indian Sub-Continent S. 168-174

„… its negation (Burma). More often choices have been made half way between the protection of linguistic …” „… the language of the considerable Muslim minority. Hindi and Urdu (today the national language of …” „… of fact Urdu is a minority language in Pakistan, see infra). The querelle over the status of Urdu …”

Introduction S. 53-54

„… Protections to the U.S. Spanish-Speaking Minority? (2008/2009) Nebraska Law Review 87, pp. 599-629. 149 M …” „… imbalance between the two languages, especially when they are in a minority situation: French outside Québec …” „… really is a minority language, subjected in many cases to an irreversible process of assimilation, while …”

Protection of English in the USA S. 41-53

„… 100 (4), pp. 1689-1774; J. Leonard, ?Title VII and the Protection of Minority Languages in the …” „… Regional Linguistic Protections to the U.S. Spanish-Speaking Minority? (2008/2009) Nebraska Law Review 87 …” „… could be important for the protection of languages in France, today a constitutional obligation. This …”

Conclusions. The language as Incorporeal Good of a Special Kind. Between Inclusion of Individuals and the Maintenance of a Specific Collective Identity. A New Order of Linguistic Rights and Responsibilities S. 269-282

„… , participates in the definition of the inter-cultural standards of minority protection930. The requisite of …” „… speaking. Ideally, it would be best to provide the chance for those who speak a minority and indigenous …” „… ideology of linguistic rights, especially present in the conflict between regional and minority languages …”

Language Rights of Arab States and of Some Islamic Legal Systems: a Feature in Common Between Asia and Africa. The Special Case of Israel S. 225-233

„… , the community of Muslims throughout the world, in which the Arabs are a minority, are very complex and …” „… protection and for its development, as well as for the promotion 763 For an more detailed analysis of the …” „… language rights in Israel appears to be quite composite. There is a Jewish majority and an Arab minority …”

Reflections, (Almost) Conclusive, on Linguistic Rights in Asia S. 222-225

„… the rights of minorities, a ?communal? vision is not enough. A robust protection of individual rights …” „… . Many other examples of the repression of minority rights occur in Asia, usually clear general …” „… tutelage of minority languages. The relatively marked concentration in specific areas of Burma?s minorities …”

Some Conclusions on the Indian Sub-Continent, Together With a Preliminary Look at the Situation of Linguistic Rights in Afghanistan S. 197-198

„… southern Asia see recently B. U. Khan, Minority Protection in South Asia (Dhaka, 2010). 198 in the western …” „… Commissions), the one in greatest difficulty seems to be precisely the one on the ?Protection of the …” „… repression of minority languages in force in Bangladesh may be compared to those of the fascist dictatorships …”

The Indian Constitution and its Linguistic Provisions S. 174-176

„… , as part of the ?fundamental rights?, which deserve to be set out in full: 29. Protection of …” „… an educational institution established and administered by a minority, referred in clause 1, the …” „… institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language …”

Linguistic Rights in Pakistan S. 187-191

„… the fact that the language continued to be used by a minority. The data of the 1998 census were never …” „… , its juridical system would be favourable to the protection of linguistic diversity, to be pursued in …” „… numerically of the minority, but of higher status, Urdu and English, the latter, despite the term of fifteen …”

From the Letter of the Law to Difficult Practice. A Solution: ?Unitary Federalism? S. 239-242

„… oppressed majority of blacks and a minority of white oppressors, but from the linguistic point of view there …” „… . The dialectical relationship between majority and minority comes to the fore therefore at both local …” „… favourable to the protection of linguistic diversity. The problem is the actual implementation of linguistic …”

Brief Excursus on the Linguistic Rights in other African States S. 242-249

„… ? was made during the world cup of soccer of 2010. The regulation of linguistic and minority rights is …” „… second; third come the 50 or so regional languages, fourth the approximately 350 minority languages …” „… nonetheless be hard to apply in societies ethnically and culturally ?diverse?829, where minority positions …”

Adjustment and Proliferation of the Linguistic States and Official Languages S. 182-187

„… , Punjabi turned out to be a minority language, with 40%, whereas Hindi had 55% of the preferences …” „… ? watches over the rights of minorities599. Another aspect of minority policies concerns the tutelage of …” „… Women (Protection of Rights in Divorce) Act?, which allows Islamic law to be applied to Muslims …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249490

Emma Lantschner, Joseph Marko, Antonija Petricusic - European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe

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Emma Lantschner (ed.), Joseph Marko (ed.), Antonija Petricusic (ed.)

European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe

Series: Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie Bozen, Bereich »Minderheiten und Autonomien«

Volume 12 2008

Results in this title

Emma Lantschner Emerging European Standards of Minority Protection through Soft Jurisprudence? S. 53-83

„… Emerging European Standards of Minority Protection through Soft Jurisprudence? Emma Lantschner A …” „… prevention and not directly of minority protection and, in particular, does not include the task of …” „… With the recent enlargement waves towards east and southeast Europe, the issue of minority protection …”

Joseph Marko, Emma Lantschner European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe S. 359-380

„… Conclusions European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern …” „… by Edith Marko-Stöckl in this volume. European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection …” „… established that they had a 25% share. European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in SEE …”

Marko Kmezić Montenegro S. 253-275

„… the criterion of minority rights protection can be summarized so: candidate countries must “respect …” „… minority rights, which include adoption of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection …” „… Report has evaluated the protection of minorities in Montenegro. B. Legal Framework for Minority Rights …”

Gabriel N. Toggenburg The Protection of Minorities at the EU-level: a Tightrope Walk Between (Ethnic) Diversity and (Territorial) Subsidiarity S. 83-116

„… Minority Protection in Europe? Protecting small social groups and their cultures calls for complex legal …” „… ) and the Charter for the Protection of Regional or Minority Languages) entered into force in 1998, and …” „… minority protection will eventually create a third legal layer—beyond national and international law—namely …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… ´ c (eds.) European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe …” „… “effective minority protection” as a requirement for recognition of the newly independent states and it also …” „… minority protection alongside human rights protection. This, of course, raised the question of whether …”

Bozhana Stoeva Bulgaria S. 117-139

„… Part II: European Integration and its Effects on Minority Protection in South Eastern Europe …” „… the Protection of Minorities in Bulgaria The institutional structure of Bulgaria for minority …” „… . 28 Open Society Institute, “Minority Protection in Bulgaria”, Monitoring the EU Accession …”

Antonija Petricusic Croatia S. 167-189

„… 1991.12 The legal framework for minority protection in Croatia has improved significantly with the …” „… Conditionality and Minority Protection in the CEEC”, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe …” „… minority rights instruments: the Framework Convention for the Protection of Minorities and the European …”

Michaela Salamun Albania S. 211-253

„… of the political agenda16. Moreover, the legal system of minority protection—besides individual …” „… protection in Albania and, if so, what kind of effects. To this end, documents on minority rights of the …” „… framework for minority protection and its implementation regarding education rights17, media rights …”

Slobodanka Milikić Bosnia and Herzegovina S. 297-341

„… . Still no membership in NATO’s Partnership for Peace Programme or to the WTO. If minority protection is …” „… advancement of the European standards of minority protection. BiH must enter a path of diversity and …” „… , education, environment and infrastructure. 26 The Law on the Protection of Minority Rights enacted in 2003 …”

Sergiu Constantin Romania S. 139-167

„… regional security and stability, and the protection of minority rights. In addition, it served as the …” „… - 7 For a detailed study on minority protection through bilateral treaties of Romania see Emma …” „… minority languages that enjoy the maximum protection and promotion in the field of education72 Romanian …”

Snježana Vučić Serbia S. 275-297

„… minority protection, Serbia was called upon to fulfil and ensure effective implementation of its …” „… and minority rights violations. The Law on Protection of Rights and Freedoms of National Minorities …” „… monitors the activities of the ministries in regards to the protection of minority rights. In June 2007 …”

Arben Hajnullahu Kosovo S. 341-358

„… Regional or Minority Languages and the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of …” „… the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages …” „… non-majority, so-called “minority groups” live in Kosovo. The legal documents and the laws of Kosovo5 do not …”

Zoran Ilievski Macedonia S. 189-211

„… , this study will analyze the legal and political minority protection mechanisms of the OFA, their …” „… consequences, and the present state of affairs in the field of minority protection in Macedonia. In addition …” „… of conditionality to Euro-Atlantic integration on the protection of minority rights in Macedonia …”

Edith Marko-Stöckl Identity Formation, State- and Nation-building in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo: On Historical Continuities and Discontinuities of Minority Conflicts in South East Europe S. 11-53

„… of Minority Conflicts in South East Europe Edith Marko-Stöckl Kosovo/-a1, Bosnia-Hercegovina …” „… , Krajina—since the 19th century minority conflicts have plagued these regions: the revolts in the 1870s in …” „… for independence resulted in a continuity of minority conflicts, starting in 1815, when the Serbs …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210827

Roberta Medda-Windischer - Old and new minorities: Reconciling diversity and cohesion

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Roberta Medda-Windischer

Old and new minorities: Reconciling diversity and cohesion

Series: Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie Bozen, Bereich »Minderheiten und Autonomien«

Volume 13 2008

Results in this title

Conclusions - Human Rights and Minority Protection as Integrating Factors S. 38-39

„… and Minority Protection as Integrating Factors The model defended in this study for integrating …” „… different groups living in one community is strictly anchored to minority protection and human rights …” „… new minority groups originating from migration. This will guarantee an effective protection of the …”

Introduction S. 93-99

„… Protection of Minorities A. Introduction The concept of minority protection is one the oldest …” „… the minority must be an effective, genuine equality.”273 The concept of minority protection and the …” „… the platform for the protection of minorities, there are many minority concerns which cannot be fully …”

Majority-Minority Relationship: Human Rights as Limits to Tolerance - The Diversity Management Decalogue S. 229-239

„… catalogue of main minority claims and principles on minority and human rights protection as determined by …” „… , states cannot refuse to recognise a minimum core of rights, a common denominator of minority protection …” „… universal human rights or some basic norms of minority protection there is no need to distinguish between …”

Introduction S. 13-16

„… , largely because of fears that claims to minority protection would inexorably lead to demands of autonomy …” „… crucial issue in discussing minority protection is that claims of minorities, migrants and historical …” „… Differentiated Protection of Minorities). At the outset the concept of minority protection and the difference …”

Conclusion - Beyond the Old/New Minority Dichotomy S. 62-67

„… protection of minority rights to migrants, they will claim the rec- 157 José Bengoa, supra note 124, at 14 …” „… discussing the extension of minority protection to new minority groups stemming from migration. This is also …” „… minority protection to all minority groups indiscriminately and, moreover, it might be seen as a very …”

Why Do We Need a Common Definition of Minorities? S. 40-48

„… existing minority in Denmark. Its protection is based on the Copenhagen-Bonn Declarations of 1955, which …” „… minority protection finds its foundation in the Constitution: Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary …” „… Roma) that have the Muslim religion in common. The protection of this minority is based on the Lausanne …”

Individual versus Collective Rights: The 'Securitisation' of Ethnic Relations S. 99-103

„… Ibid., para. 9.8. 304 Geoff Gilbert, “The Legal Protection Accorded to Minority Groups in Europe”, 23 …” „… behind most international treaties and declarations on the protection of minorities.284 The avoidance of …” „… violence and civil war was indeed the original agenda behind an internationalization of minority rights.285 …”

Objective Factors S. 55-60

„… minority need not to be citizens of the state from which protection of Article 27 is demanded. Asbjorn Eide …” „… notion of minority and, to the contrary, expressly provides for protection of sub-minorities.137 …” „… not bound to ensure the protection of a minority within a substate entity, when this minority is not …”

Common Definition of Minorities: Cons and Pros S. 48-53

„… general definition would not be necessary because bad minority protection is not a problem of definition …” „… minority protection, including the implementation and realisation of the relevant international instruments …” „… minority to enjoy the protection provided by the Framework Convention does not imply “a weakening of their …”

Conclusions - The Tree Model: The Best of All Possible Integration Models? S. 253-258

„… to universal human rights or some basic norms of minority protection there is no need to distinguish …” „… extending minority protection to new minority groups stemming from migration. Obviously, any decision to …” „… the full range of minority protection to all minority groups without distinction and, moreover, it …”

The Tree Model for Minority Integration S. 30-34

„… which minority protection is an integral part. C. The Tree Model for Minority Integration The model …” „… a critical assessment of the protection of minority rights under the European Union system, see …” „… viable model within which to integrate minority groups in mainstream society, albeit with some essential …”

Political Participation S. 211-229

„… catalogue of main minority claims and principles on minority and human rights protection as determined by …” „… level of protection to political expression, debates on public policy, and so forth, whereas it may …” „… afford lower levels of protection to expressions less directly focused on such matters. The analysis …”

Right to Existence and Recognition of Minority Groups S. 103-109

„… Protection of Minority Rights (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000), 54. 311 In a …” „… Working Group on Minorities, in which existing international and national minority protection systems have …” „… identity and diversity of minority groups but also to afford and guarantee equal treatment and protection …”

Subjective Factors S. 60-62

„… minority is free to decide whether or not he or she wishes to come under the protection flowing from the …” „… Venice Commission concludes: “No need for protection thus exists for these groups, to the extent that …” „… from that of a protected minority: the latter in fact enjoys certain guarantees against the ordinary …”

Conclusion - Defining Common but Differentiated Protection of Minorities S. 239-243

„… minority protection there is no need to distinguish between persons belonging to ethnic, religious or …” „… same approach should be applied when extending minority protection to new minority groups stemming from …” „… Protection of Minorities The central question of this present work has been whether it is possible to develop …”

Bibliography S. 259-285

„… (1995). De Witte, Bruno, “The Constitutional Resources for an EU Minority Protection Policy”, in Gabriel …” „… N. Toggenburg (ed.), Minority Protection and the Enlarged European Union: the Way Forward (OSI/LGI …” „… , “Minority Protection and World Order: Towards a Framework for Law and Policy”, in Alan Phillips and Allan …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-9

„… Conclusions - Human Rights and Minority Protection as Integrating Factors 38 Chapter 2: Old and New Minorities …” „… Minority Groups 103 D. Equality and Non-Discrimination 109 1. Universal System of Protection: The United …” „… rights model for minority integration NomosBUT_Medda-Windischer_3476-7.indd 3 13.10.2008 11:34:18 …”

Identity Rights and Religion S. 172-211

„… in the minority language. The link between linguistic rights and the protection of identity of …” „… such, and that the protection of individual members of such a minority is limited to the right not to …” „… schools in Ontario is related to a historical arrangement for minority protection and hence needs to be …”

Attempts to find a General Definition of Minorities S. 53-55

„… Protection of Minorities.119 Capotorti prepared a study, in 1977, in which he proposed the following …” „… included not only the existence of so-called `dominant` minorities having no need of protection but also …” „… the danger that insistence upon minority rights might provoke problems where there were none and the …”

European System of Protection: The European Union S. 120-130

„… : Protection or Empowerment?”, in Jørgen Kühl and Marc Weller (eds.), Minority Policy in Action (University of …” „… Minority Protection Policy”, in Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Minority Protection and the Enlarged European …” „… Court. Therefore, minority groups or individuals belonging to minority groups, if they qualify as …”

Multiculturalism: A Critical Appraisal S. 23-30

„… these adjustments should be based on international human rights law, in which minority protection is an …” „… variation of the multiculturalism model and has strong minority and human rights components. The …” „… integration model for minority groups can be based. Multiculturalism has been, and it is still, in many …”

Integration Policies as 'Fertiliser' of the Tree Model for Minority Integration S. 247-253

„… , this legal framework, representing the ‘trunk’ of the tree in our ‘Tree Model for Minority Integration …” „… and effective integration of minority groups while respecting their identities whereby assuring …” „… for Minority Integration The very broadness of the integration process makes it hard to define it in …”

Specific Aspects of the General Rule of Equality S. 155-172

„… manifestation of difference.574 Once certain specific legal arrangements for the minority protection are …” „… Spiliopoulou Akermark, Justifications of Minority Protection in International Law (Kluwer Law International …” „… , London, 1997), 23-28. 574 Asbjørn Eide, “Minority Protection and World Order: Towards a Framework for …”

European System of Protection: The Council of Europe S. 113-120

„… . European System of Protection: The Council of Europe a) The European Convention on Human Rights With its …” „… rights and the protection of minorities. In particular, although the European Convention on Human Rights …” „… does not provide specific provisions on minority rights, it has been used by minorities to achieve …”

National Courts and International Human Rights Law S. 34-38

„… characterise modern increasingly diverse societies.60 Conclusion – Human Rights and Minority Protection as …” „… is strictly anchored to minority protection and human rights standards and the scrutiny of …” „… accommodate legitimate minority claims and more general interests for social cohesion and unity. D …”

Universal System of Protection: The United Nations S. 109-113

„… of non-discrimination is not a separate human right, but a corollary to the right of equal protection …” „… of pivotal importance not only to protect the identity and diversity of minority groups but also to …” „… afford and guarantee equal treatment and protection against forms of discrimination. 1. Universal System …”

State Responses to the Challenge of Diversity and Cohesion S. 17-23

„… 17vants. Chapter 1. The ‘Tree Model’ for Minority …” „… and prescribe a process which moved from initial contact between majority and minority groups, through …” „… the transformation of the minority and, finally, its assimilation. The notion of assimilation as …”

Equality and Non-Citizens S. 130-155

„… relied upon for the protection of new minority groups and its members. Despite this restrictive approach …” „… obligations under the UN and CoE systems of minority protection.550 Yet it is important to stress that the …” „… that goes in the direction of minority protection, namely affirmative actions, and another that can be …”

Integration as Paradigm of an Inclusive Europe S. 244-247

„… and new minorities of minority protection enshrined in the Framework Convention. The European …” „… In contemporary Europe the new minority groups stemming from migration have mostly non-European …” „… impacting on the image of some minority groups, Muslims in particular, and increasing the danger of racism …”

National Identity and Membership of a Polity S. 68-72

„… Polity The majority-minority relationship constantly proposes as an intrinsic issue the question of …” „… rights of continued residence and economic activity as well as protection against expulsion. Once …” „… minority groups also have the right to opt out of the group without fearing that the State 71 people to …”

Selected Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… 11Selected Abbreviations ACFC Advisory Committee of the Framework Convention for the Protection of …” „… Committee of Experts on Issues Relating to the Protection of National Minorities DR Decisions and Reports …” „… of the European Commission of Human Rights ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human …”

List of Figures and Tables S. 10

„… : The 'Tree Model' 31Table 1: Minority Claims and Principles in ECHR Case Law 230Table 2: Diversity …” „… Management Decalogue 237Table 3: Old/New Minorities - A Common But Differentiated System of Protection 240 …”

Is National Citizenship still relevant? S. 72-76

„… self-understanding. This concept of nation is particularly suitable for integrating minority groups and above all new …” „… citizenship to provide diplomatic protection, to advocate claims on their behalf against foreign states, and …”

European Citizenship and Long-Term Residence S. 84-89

„… well as protection against expulsion, and once acquired, the status also allows the individual to take …” „… FCNM on the right freely to choose to be treated or not as a member of a minority reflects precisely …”

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