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Stefan Ahlswede - Israel's European policy after the Cold War

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Stefan Ahlswede

Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Reihe: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Band 6 2009

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The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 125-127

„… formed and implemented, why, and by whom. 4.1. The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement The main …” „… objectives of the 1975 Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) between Israel and the EC had been the …” „… establishment of a free trade area through the progressive elimination of obstacles to virtually all trade and …”

Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… Cooperation FTA Free Trade Area GAFTA Greater Arab Free Trade Area GATT General Agreements on Tari? and Trade …” „… TCA Trade and Cooperation Agreement WEOG Western European and Others Group (United Nations) WTO World …” „… Foreign and Security Policy CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DGC Inter-Ministerial …”

Aims in detail S. 153-160

„… Ministers of Finance, Industry and Trade, Agriculture, Communications and Science as well as Transport at …” „… enter the EC from Israel will be granted the preferences granted in an EC-Israel free trade agreement …” „… are significantly more vulnerable to a narrow interpretation of rules of origin in EC-Israel trade …”

The dynamics of further European integration S. 130-132

„… 130 a fixation on reducing the trade deficit with the EC and sought to balance Israel’s foreign …” „… trade by boosting trade with the Far East.348 But an overall trade deficit does not mean an economic …” „… is if a country’s trade in goods and services, the transfer payments it receives and makes, and its …”

The history of scientific cooperation with the EC S. 132-134

„… 132 4.3. The history of scientific cooperation with the EC In addition to the Euro-Mediterranean …” „… Agreement of 1995, Israel signed an Agreement on scientific and technical cooperation between the European …” „… neither the Jewish state nor the EC existed. Scientific cooperation with Europe began in the twenties and …”

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… Israeli reasoning. With the closeness and “Europeanness” that Israel sees expressed in a new trade …” „… likely that it will do so also in the EU, simply for being Israel’s largest trade partner. 4.6. Disputes …” „… perspective, freedom of services and cooperation in research and development would be the most outstanding …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 77-85

„… EC-Israel Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and accordingly discussed only economic matters and such …” „… was that the EC would have to update the 1975 Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) in any case. In …” „… cooperation, fighting international terrorism and supporting the desire for peace of all parties in the …”

Index S. 323-331

„… Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) 40, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 69, 74, 77, 79, 85, 86, 87, 118, 125 …” „… , 127, 128, 129, 218 EC-Israel Cooperation Council 67, 68, 79, 126, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 159, 176 …” „… , 265, 266, 280 European Political Cooperation 13, 59, 65 Europeanness 147, 160, 199, 201, 220, 226 …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… by a preferential trade agreement in 1970. A major Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) was …” „… 1994. 2.1.1.2.2. The greater EU system Through its 1975 and 1995 trade and association agreements with …” „… cooperation and meetings amongst politicians, business people, academics, youth and various civil society …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… 00100018.pdf. Agreement on scientific and technical cooperation between the European Community and the …” „… Gruyter. Axelrod, R. M. (1984). The evolution of cooperation (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. Bahr, E …” „… Europa der Deutschen Botschaft Tel Aviv. Clawson, P. (1998). EU vs. Israel on trade: Peace process …”

Excursion: the EC agrees to negotiations – a success of Israeli policy? S. 134-144

„… the 1988 EC-Israel Cooperation Council Foreign Minister Shimon Peres roughly outlined what Israel’s …” „… , the abolition of further non-tari? trade barriers and specifically the opening of EC public …” „… and Trade, made clear who would be the central protagonists in domestic conflicts over the new …”

Nature and aims of the EMP S. 104-106

„… countries (MNMs) and amongst the MNMs, thereby gradually establishing a free trade area. Thirdly, the EMP …” „… A?airs Ministers, sectoral conferences and regional cooperation and dialogue in economic matters as well …” „… Mediterranean partners themselves, leading to an integrated Euro-Mediterranean free trade area in the Barcelona …”

An assessment after ten years S. 106-108

„… , given that the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area had been envisioned for 2010. Even so, it can boast a …” „… produced in the MNMs already entered the EU free from duties before the EMP, but trade barriers on EU …” „… exports of industrial goods are now being gradually removed, and negotiations on trade in agri- 278 …”

Motivation of the European Parliament S. 59-65

„… Political Cooperation’s long-declared principle of non-recognition of Israel’s quasi-annexation of the …” „… the time. 99 Most famously the European Cooperation’s position had been declared by the European …” „… trade barriers, Spain would be able to o?er its produce on much better conditions than Israel. Heavily …”

Background of Israel’s counterproductive behaviour S. 66-70

„… EC-Israel Cooperation Council, he had to be reminded by EC Council’s President that Israel was actually not …” „… gemäßigten Politik], 1988. On the EC-Israel Cooperation Council, see p. 126. 136 [Die EG fordert Israel auf …” „… Ministry of Industry and Trade. Sharon, the Minister, tried to put the brakes on the Treasury’s e?orts to …”

The dispute on the EU’s R&D programme S. 174-179

„… Industry and Trade, aware of the problems the Israeli industry would face in fitting in with the European …” „… Industry and Trade, too, wanted Israel to join the programme, but not at any cost. The di?erence in …” „… reservations in the Ministry of Industry and Trade stemming from worries of the transfer of technology to …”

Sanctions, threats and retaliation S. 193-195

„… trade relations. When Israel had made peace with the PLO and progress still remained sluggish, Rabin …” „… ; Rabin blasts EC for trade policies toward Israel, 1993; Israel on brink of trade conflict with EU, 1994 …” „… could well do its shopping somewhere else, so the EC had better change its trade policy and begin buying …”

Exploratory talks S. 144-146

„… Israel suggests, from an EC point of view the free trade of services and scientific cooperation would be …” „… its lack of interest.421 The Uruguay round of the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agreements …” „… on Tari? and Trade (GATT) had not yet been concluded. For fear of creating a precedence, the …”

Rhetoric S. 186-193

„… in matters “outside its field of professional expertise”, causing grave damage to trade relations by …” „… meddling in matters it did not understand.612 In the eyes of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the …” „… Trade had been trying to optimise two di?erent variables: Peres sought to minimise the time span until …”

A third leg – Counterbalance a possible decrease of American commitment S. 113-119

„… collection of Israel’s motivations to pursue upgrading its outdated 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement …” „… restraint over deportees issue, 1993; EC vows funds for PLO, more trade for Israel, 1993; [Peres: Nur Europa …” „… . In 1987/ 1988 the United States finally coaxed Israel into abandoning its o?cial military cooperation …”

Levy’s perception of what was agreed upon with the EC in June S. 85-87

„… in the Israeli Foreign Ministry was that the EC would have to update the 1975 Trade and Cooperation …” „… matter considerably to Israel, as its deteriorating trade balance with the EC suggested. In the talks …” „… gaping trade deficit. Israel did not really have anything to o?er, whilst the EC did, having a credible …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement 125 4.2. The situation in the early 90s 127 4.2.1. The …” „… causes and implications of the trade deficit with the EC 129 4.2.2. The dynamics of further European …” „… integration 130 4.3. The history of scientific cooperation with the EC 132 4.4. The run-up to the negotiations …”

State of research S. 15-16

„… aspects of EC-Israel relations, see Pomfret, 1988 and Shachmurove, 1988. Concerning scientific cooperation …” „… aspects of Euro-Israeli relations: Einhorn, 1994 analyses how the 1975 Israel-EC Cooperation Agreement has …” „… relations: the European Parliament’s 1988 refusal to ratify three protocols of the 1975 Cooperation …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… : Now is time to ask for an updated free trade pact, 1992. 423 Ahlswede, 1998x. 424 Neue Verhandlungen …” „… industrial goods, tari? barriers have already been abolished.433 Under EEA status, all of Israel’s trade in …” „… , some very e?ective non-tari? barriers would be removed that have hindered bilateral trade so far. Free …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… , of course, is market access: by 2010, the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area is envi- 286 See e. g …” „… 1998. 109 sioned, removing trade barriers to Israeli exports into the other MNM partner countries …” „… . This, however, sounds more promising than it truly is. Little trade is to be expected between Israel …”

Why has Israel been successful? S. 218-220

„… , the main vehicles being 688 Ahlswede, 1998t. For remaining trade barriers and the practice of …” „… an operational scheme of cooperation and association. On the one hand, the Arab states had almost …” „… approach fundamentally incompatible with the Europeans’ prime interest of discussing regional cooperation …”

Use the EU’s good services S. 247-250

„… In the negotiations for the upgrading of the 1975 Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Israel did not …” „… followed: that the MNMs first conclude free trade agreements amongst themselves before the EU granted such …” „… ” with Iran has been a double-edged sword to Israel. On the one hand, Germany’s trade and its policy of …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… , US$ 9,000 million may not be something to be sneezed at indeed, but after all, the EU’s trade with …” „… Israel is still just a mere 1 per cent of the EU’s total foreign trade. Israel may have made some threats …” „… after the Cooperation Council in May 1992, proclaiming that “[Israel’s] pro-American orientation is …”

The German channel S. 254-255

„… contrast, strongly demanded that the issue be raised in the imminent trade cooperation talks and called on …” „… met with Peres for the 1993 Cooperation Council in early February.745 The European Parliament, in …”

The case studies S. 16-18

„… aspects of Euro-Israeli relations: Einhorn, 1994 analyses how the 1975 Israel-EC Cooperation Agreement has …” „… relations: the European Parliament’s 1988 refusal to ratify three protocols of the 1975 Cooperation …” „… Monetary System. Herman, 2005 analyses the potential of an EU-Israel free trade in services agreement …”

Portray behaviour as if caused by EU attitude: the issue of the deportees S. 255-257

„… issue be raised in the imminent trade cooperation talks and called on the Commission to consider …” „… Cooperation Council in early February.745 The European Parliament, in contrast, strongly demanded that the …” „… ’ statement at the Cooperation Council suggests. Peres’ statement should thus rather be seen as an e?ort to …”

EEA status S. 250-251

„… 250 5.3.4. EEA status In the negotiations for the upgrading of the 1975 Trade and Cooperation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219189

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Ercüment Celik

Street Traders

Reihe: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Soziologie

Band 13 2010

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Opportunities and Challenges for Trade Union Cooperation S. 177-184

„… gardens.Opportunities and Challenges for Trade Union CooperationA general criticism from governmental and political …” „… workers125. This is a great opportunity for trade union cooperation, but there are some majorchallenges on …” „… , trade unions for example. We are part of those entities by the fact that weare working class. It is …”

WCCA Campaign Tabling Demands in Cooperation with Trade Unions and Social Movements S. 206-213

„… streets traders.”177Some other activities and developments in 2007 included the adoption of the Children’s …” „… children; the launch of Sisonke Traders’ Alliance inNovember of 2007 that has adopted the demands of the …” „… campaign thatwill be mentioned later in this chapter.WCCA Campaign Tabling Demands in Cooperation with …”

Acknowledgements S. 5-10

„… for Trade Union CooperationIV. 177Incorporating Street Traders with the Shack Dwellers’ MovementV. 184 …” „… traders’ and shack dwellers’ movements. I am also thankfulto union organisers for their cooperation during …” „… Cooperation with Trade Unions andSocial MovementsI.2.145Developing Collective Bargaining, Law and Litigation …”

Background S. 143-159

„… partnership with individual trader organisations and its cooperation with otherinstitutions and movements. In …” „… , StreetNet’s efforts to develop cooperation with trade unions and to engagewith social movements will be …” „… , market vendors and hawkersin international forums.StreetNet’s Developing Cooperation with Trade Unions …”

Building Collective Struggles and the “World Class Cities for All” (WCCA) Campaign S. 187-190

„… approach to further cooperation and engagement with street traders’organisations has brought more hope for …” „… further cooperation between street traders’ organisations and the shack dwellers’movement.VI.150 Interview …” „… The ABM’s perspective on the autonomy of the street traders’ committee and themovement’s engagement …”

Conclusion S. 271-278

„… attitude.On the issue of trade unions’ cooperation and involvement in organising streettraders/informal …” „… of being in constant cooperationwith alliance partners, trade unions’ direct involvement becomes …” „… thesignificant role street traders can play as a bridge between trade unions and socialmovements in …”

Incorporating Street Traders with the Shack Dwellers’ Movement S. 184-187

„… ) CampaignThe ABM’s open approach to further cooperation and engagement with street traders’organisations has …” „… march was a good signof further cooperation between street traders’ organisations and the shack …” „… To sum up, Beresford (2006:48) argues that the trade unions’ reactionary responsesto the ABM and …”

Growing Solidarity Between Street Traders, Trade Unions and Social Movements Through the Campaign Activities S. 203-206

„… in this chapter.WCCA Campaign Tabling Demands in Cooperation with TradeUnions and Social …” „… -the employer, the municipal workers, herself as a union organiserand the street traders:Our workers …” „… remove street traders,they will be charged. I am the one who must defend them. It is like a circle …”

Introduction S. 17-24

„… government. Hence, thisbook questions the relation between trade unions’ declining cooperation at …” „… IntroductionThis book explores street traders as a bridge between trade unions and social movements …” „… of new democratic street traders’ organisations in Durban,South Africa; second, their relations with …”

Trade Unionism in Post-Apartheid South Africa S. 66-74

„… people’s government?Trade Unionism in Post-Apartheid South AfricaSouth Africa’s democratic transition has …” „… of the trade union leadership (Catchpowle and Cooper, 2003:13). The NationalEconomic, Development and …” „… cooperation between the management and labour in the workplace.The Act introduced the workplace forums which …”

COSATU’s Approach to Post-Apartheid Social Movements S. 79-83

„… Before moving towards the trade union side, to examine their relationship with thesemovements, I …” „… the other hand, trade unions’ mass mobilisation began to takeplace without the majority of the …” „… the safe side.It is commonly agreed that what COSATU means by cooperation with social movements in …”

Mobilising Street Traders and Building Alliance in Durban S. 123-142

„… Mobilising Street Traders and Building Alliance in DurbanBackgroundThe three street traders …” „… all aware of the fact that the majorityof the street traders in Durban did not have trading permits …” „… majority of the street traders. The three organisationswere individually trying to find ways to democratise …”

Developing Democratic Structures of Their Own S. 173-177

„… vegetable gardens.Opportunities and Challenges for Trade Union CooperationA general criticism from …” „… working class: contract/part time workers125. This is a great opportunity for trade union cooperation, but …” „… . We speak about the streettraders, trade unions for example. We are part of those entities by the fact …”

Trade Union Movement in Apartheid-Era South Africa S. 55-66

„… components of this study from apartheid to postapartheid South Africa: trade union movement, social movements …” „… evolution of the trade unionmovement. To be able to study social movement unionism in a contemporary …” „… context,we first need to understand how trade union movement developed under a raciallydivided system. I …”

StreetNet Leading the WCCA Campaign S. 191-203

„… trade unions. Step by step, we have identified theareas of cooperation and possible alliances between …” „… emergence and development of newdemocratic street traders’ organisations, the role of the SACP and StreetNet …” „… the street traders’ organisations,social movements and trade unions. Following these stages, in this …”

Integrating Street Traders into the Social Movement Unionism (SMU) Approach S. 263-270

„… estates and street traders amongI.263its members” (Gibson 2007:78). This study underlined that it is this …” „… self-consciousnessand identity which brought together shack dwellers movement and street traders’ organisations that …” „… be emphasised that this self-consciousness internalised by ABM and street traders’ organisations …”

The Emergence and Rise of the Shack Dwellers’ Movement in Durban S. 165-173

„… and challenges for trade union cooperation in thestruggles of the marginalised. In this chapter it …” „… in post-apartheid South Africa. Similar to thestreet traders’ movement, the case of ABM first of all …” „… movement, the trade union remains, at the present, absent within the communities. On the other hand, I …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845225005

Roman Petrov - Exporting the Acquis Communautaire through European Union External Agreements

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Roman Petrov

Exporting the Acquis Communautaire through European Union External Agreements

Reihe: Heidelberger Schriften zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Europarecht

Band 64 2011

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Trade development and cooperation agreements (TDCAs) S. 168-183

„… 168 2.2.8. Trade development and cooperation agreements (TDCAs) 2.2.8.1. Introduction The EU and …” „… concerning the conclusion of the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement between the EC and its Member …” „… ; developing stronger and sustainable economic co!operation; and extending cooperation to trade!related areas …”

Kein Titel S. 293-313

„… Cooperation Council); - Joint Subcommittee on trade 313 mutual market access taxation with the EC …” „… effective enforcement; - a continuous and balanced strengthening of trade and economic relations between the …” „… ; - fair competition; sectoral cooperation between the EC an Annex to this Agreement as closely as possible …”

EUROMED Association Agreements (EMAAs) S. 136-151

„… the agricultural sector; liberalisation of trade in services; cooperation in political, economic …” „… Plans within key areas: political dialogue; economic reform; trade; cooperation within justice and home …” „… definitely prioritise the enhanced economic and trade cooperation between the parties. Furthermore, the …”

Partnership and Cooperation Agreements (PCAs) S. 151-162

„… definitely prioritise the enhanced economic and trade cooperation between the parties. Furthermore, the …” „… . Objectives of the PCAs The original EC/USSR Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA)292 was …” „… Socialist Republics on trade and commercial and economic cooperation (O.J. 1990, L 68/1). 293 The CIS …”

Kein Titel S. 277-292

„… ; - principles of a market economy and social justice form, enhanced trade and economic cooperation, the …” „… strengthening of national and regional security, as well as increased cooperation in justice and home affairs …” „… reflected in the Document of the CSCE Bonn Conference on Economic Cooperation (not Poland and Hungary EAs …”

Cotonou Agreement S. 162-168

„… . Trade development and cooperation agreements (TDCAs) 2.2.8.1. Introduction The EU and Member States have …” „… . The TDCAs’ major focus is economic cooperation and the liberalisation of trade in goods and services …” „… economic cooperation between the EC and the ACP countries. It envisages the eventual conclusion of economic …”

Exporting the dynamic acquis communautaire into the legal systems of third countries S. 190-214

„… textile, clothing sector and other areas of trade cooperation). 194 must be informed by the (then) EC in …” „… trade and economic cooperation agreements between the EC and Es*tonia, Latvia, Lithuania (O.J. 1992 L …” „… agreements” (the last referring to the enhanced cooperation in certain fields such as trade in goods or …”

Stabilisation and Association Agreements (SAAs) S. 125-136

„… ’ progress in economic and political devel!opment; regional trade and cooperation; and cooperation in justice …” „… the agricultural sector; liberalisation of trade in services; cooperation in political, economic …” „… membership by combining three main instruments: 1) SAA; 2) auto!nomous trade measures and 3) substantial …”

Table of Laws S. 269-276

„… , L 196) EC7Uzbekistan Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (O.J. 1999, L 229) EC7South Africa Trade …” „… (O.J. 1999 L 51/3) EC7Mexico Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement (O.J. 2000 L 276) Cotonou …” „… Socialist Republics on trade and com7mercial and economic cooperation (O.J. 1990, L 68/1). Council …”

EC–Switzerland sectoral agreements (SAs) S. 105-115

„… purpose of the gradual elimina!tion of trade barriers. Preambles of the SAs on scientific cooperation and …” „… Since 1972 EEC!Swiss economic relations have been based on the Free Trade Area Agreement57 and more than …” „… Cooperation in Custom Matters of 9 June 1997 (O.J. 1997, L 169/77); the Transit Agreement of 2 May 1992 (O.J …”

Europe Agreements (EAs) S. 115-125

„… Balkan countries’ progress in economic and political devel!opment; regional trade and cooperation; and …” „… political relations between the Parties; to develop a free trade area… as well as to provide an appropriate …” „… instruments to bring the CEE countries into the EU. The establishment of a free trade area between the EC and …”

Bibliography S. 255-262

„… , Technical Barriers to Trade and the WTO’s Most Favoured Nation Principle”, EL Rev. 231!249 (2003) Blockmans …” „… ” International Trade Law & Regulation 31!36 (1996) Cremona M. “The “Dynamic and Homogenous” EEA: Byzantine …” „… Cremona/ J. Fletcher / L. Mistelis (eds.), Foundations and Per spectives of International Trade Law …”

European Economic Area Agreement (EEA) S. 93-105

„… the major groups of EU external agreements (association, partnership and cooperation, trade and …” „… ); association and sectoral agreements aimed at the liberalisa!tion of mutual trade (EMAAs, EC!Swiss SAs); and …” „… co!operation, and development) through the application of comparative law metho!dology. On the one hand …”

Technical, administrative, and financial assistance on behalf of the EU to third countries S. 224-230

„… focuses on institution building, cross*border cooperation and regional development. Notably, assistance …” „… coop*eration across the EU external borders, based on pre*existing MEDA,136 TA*CIS,137 and INTERREG138 …” „… , and economic cooperation with, the devel*oping countries in Asia and Latin America). Council …”

The impact of common institutions set up under EU external agreements on the export of the acquis into the legal orders of third countries S. 230-236

„… Council may decide to upgrade co*operation between the parties to the status of a free trade area or a …” „… Cooperation Council, or more simply the Cooperation Coun*cil, or the Joint Council, depending on the …” „… customs un*ion.147 On the other hand, Councils instituted under agreements aimed at mere cooperation and …”

External dimension of the acquis communautaire S. 33-34

„… economic and political cooperation between the EU and third countries. In the first instance, the full …” „… conformity with “certain fundamental elements of the Internal Market acquis as well as other trade related …” „… developing economic and international cooperation of the SAA countries. The Preambles of the SAAs contain …”

Introduction S. 187-188

„… union or free trade area or close sectoral economic cooperation), could force the parties to revise the …” „… trade area or mutual recognition regime), but not their dynamic objectives (association …”

Conclusion S. 183-186

„… “essential elements”, “common/shared values”, principles of international public law and international trade …” „… Neighbourhood Policy”, 15(5) ELJ, 654!671 (2009). 184 establishes a free trade area between the EC and Mexico on …” „… intellec!tual property rights for programmes and broadcasts by satellite or cable, and co!operation in …”

Concluding remarks S. 34-35

„… other trade related areas”. The second stage of approximation will cover other elements of the acquis …” „… developing economic and international cooperation of the SAA countries. The Preambles of the SAAs contain …” „… a possibility of establishing a free trade area with the EU. For example see the Preamble and …”

Export of the fixed acquis into the legal systems of third countries S. 188-190

„… exercise an evolutionary clause (the establishment of a customs union or free trade area or close sectoral …” „… economic cooperation), could force the parties to revise the entire scope of the relevant acquis. The …” „… external agreements (the establishment of a customs union, free trade area or mutual recognition regime …”

Conclusion S. 249-252

„… external agreements. On the one hand, objectives to bring about closer economic and po*litical cooperation …” „… (customs union, free trade area, mutual recognition regime) imply that third countries will accept binding …” „… the other hand, the objectives of EU partnership, cooperation and development agreements envisage less …”

The nature and scope of the “fundamental acquis” S. 42-65

„… principle of sincere cooperation/effectiveness is based on Article 4(3) TEU and is recognised by the ECJ as …” „… “very soul of legal rules”.93 The principle of sincere cooperation/effectiveness obliges Member States …” „… Member State). The ECJ has frequently ap plied the principle of sincere cooperation/effectiveness to …”

Introduction S. 21-25

„… cooperation, trade and cooperation, as well as frame work agreements concluded by the EU with third countries …” „… and cooperation with third countries, the acquis communautaire has a narrower scope, and embraces …” „… mainly sectoral EU legislation within priority areas of cooperation. Hitherto, the acquis communau taire …”

Further implications of the acquis communautaire in its external dimensions S. 86-90

„… , which in turn differs from the Partner ship and Cooperation Agreements (PCAs). In other words, the scope …” „… Courts – such as the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) Court). In addition, it encompasses the relevant …” „… the PCAs objectives of mere “economic cooperation” between the Parties. To summarise, the scope of …”

Concluding remarks S. 247-249

„… external agreements. On the one hand, objectives to bring about closer economic and po*litical cooperation …” „… (customs union, free trade area, mutual recognition regime) imply that third countries will accept binding …”

The “accession acquis” S. 73-86

„… Trade Organisation (WTO)), or to enhance co operation with international (North Atlantic Treaty …” „… countries envisage temporary suspension of the judicial cooperation between the EU Member States and new …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231921

Alexander Heger, Sascha Gourdet - Fairen Wettbewerb in der Europäischen Union sichern

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Alexander Heger (Hrsg.), Sascha Gourdet (Hrsg.)

Fairen Wettbewerb in der Europäischen Union sichern

Reihe: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Band 59 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Frank Hoffmeister Securing a Level Playing Field Through EU Free Trade Agreements – from traditional competition chapters to a dedicated title in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 127-144

„… chapters to a dedicated title in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Frank Hoffmeister* Introduction …” „… bloc. In the EU-UK Trade Cooperation Agreement, the EU and its ex-member State negotiated a …” „… ). Chapter 3 will then present the main substantive novelties emerging from the EU-UK Trade Cooperation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… traditional competition chapters to a dedicated title in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 127 Frank …” „… Hans-Georg Kamann/Philipp Rackevei Securing a Level Playing Field Through EU Free Trade Agreements – from …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929024

Jörg Husar, Günther Maihold, Stefan Mair - Europe and New Leading Powers

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Jörg Husar (Hrsg.), Günther Maihold (Hrsg.), Stefan Mair (Hrsg.)

Europe and New Leading Powers

Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Band 66 2010

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Jürgen Matthes Trade policy: Options for Multilateral Co-Operation with New Leading Powers S. 65-87

„… 65 Trade policy: Options for Multilateral Co-Operation with New Leading Powers Jürgen Matthes …” „… , an assessment of the potential for a closer trade policy co-operation with NLPs rests on two main …” „… assessed regarding their potential to foster a closer trade policy co-operation with the NLPs – with the …”

Susanne Gratius, Sarah-Lea John de Sousa The IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) Dialogue Forum and the EU: Diverging Views and Prospects for Coordination S. 129-146

„… with the three IBSA countries, interests are too different to justify a closer cooperation on trade …” „… initial expectations and the common value discourse. At a bilateral level, trade, development cooperation …” „… cooperation, these three countries decided, in 2003, to create the dialogue forum IBSA. This innovative …”

Bernadette Andreosso-O'Callaghan Korea-EU: A New Leader Taking a Back Seat? S. 117-129

„… agreement linking the EU to Korea (the Framework Agreement on Trade and Co-operation) was signed in April …” „… it was ratified by the Korean Parliament in 2004. 18 Framework Agreement on Trade and Co-operation …” „… the free trade agreement (FTA) route, a strategy that the country has put in place since the late …”

Günther Maihold Mexico-EU: How to Deal with a Wannabe Leading Power S. 101-117

„… trade) as well as the fact that 400,000 Mexicans cross the border into the USA each year and a quarter …” „… sector together with eleven states in Central America and the Caribbean. The basis for this cooperation …” „… bilateral or bi-regional free trade agreements with 42 entities across the world including Israel, Japan …”

Susanne Droge, Martin Kremer Climate Policy: New Partners for the Post-2012 Process? S. 51-65

„… policy. 65 Trade policy: Options for Multilateral Co-Operation with New Leading Powers Jürgen …” „… of such carbon tariffs, though EU Trade Comissioner Karel de Gucht told the European Parliament that …” „… results in the field of technology cooperation. In particular with regard to China and India these …”

Annegret Bendiek, Heinz Kramer The EU as a Would-Be Global Actor: “Strategic Partnerships” and “Interregional Relations” S. 21-43

„… countries whose cooperation is seen as particularly important for achieving the EU’s global policy goals …” „… expanded since the European Political Cooperation (EPC) was created at the beginning of the 1970s. The same …” „… values, welfare based on sustainable economic development, or international cooperation to tackle global …”

Günther Maihold Conclusion: Leadership coalitions as a new element for the EU’s external action S. 147-156

„… of cooperation. In short, it would constitute a contribution towards the European ideal of an …” „… , the EU has been principally oriented towards trade relations, as the Commission is the main actor …” „… cooperation (DC) and an acknowledgment of the status of leading powers to jointly improve the impact of …”

Stefan Mair, Hauke Dierks Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights S. 87-100

„… provision (article 181a) concerning Community economic, financial and technical cooperation with third …” „… formalized within the cooperation between the EU and Africa, Caribbean and Pacific states (ACP).10 Articles …” „… consultation procedure, which would enable the suspension of cooperation with partner countries if their …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Post-2012 Process? 53 Susanne Dröge / Martin Kremer Trade policy: Options for Multilateral …” „… Co-Operation with New Leading Powers 65 Jürgen Matthes Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights 87 Stefan …”

Gisela Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet European Foreign Policy: What Role for Policy Area Centered Approaches? S. 43-50

„… the world, including the new leading powers. Free trade and cooperation agreements have been …” „… sort of cooperation with pretty much everybody on pretty much everything.8 Several pre-requisites …” „… possible, promote scientific and technology transfer, intensify research cooperation, and so on and so …”

Jörg Husar, Günther Maihold The EU and New Leading Powers: Analytical Approach and Policy Options S. 9-21

„… Europe’s foreign and security policy as well as its development cooperation, these countries constitute …” „… the leading powers has opened up new possibilities for cooperation and expanded the scope of action …” „… , not only do suitable forms and instruments for cooperation need to be defined, but special attention …”

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