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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.9 (Usages and practices) S. 495

„… Art. 1.8.10 Article 1.9 (Usages and practices) (1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they …” „… bound by a usage that is widely known to and regularly observed in international trade by parties in the …” „… particular trade concerned except where the application of such a usage would be unreasonable. A. Two Kinds …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 CISG S. 47-50

„… Bestätigungsschreiben;24 silence over a pro forma invoice.25 Article 9 CISG (1) The parties are bound by any usage to …” „… its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Usages …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act …” „… that the goods were dispatched in error.9 Past practices and usages, as well as prior negotiations and …” „… international usages or past practices developed between the parties.16 In the context of a tender process …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.10 (Notice) S. 496

„… application of a surprising usage. B. Hierarchy (i) Express terms (Art. 1.1, except for Art. 1.8 cases), (ii …” „… express terms (e.g. → Art. 7.1.6), (iii) agreed usages (para. 1), (iv) agreed practices,11 (v) general …” „… usages (para. 2), (vi) other provisions of the UNIDROIT Principles.12 C. Proof The party invoking a …”

Petra Butler Article 55 CISG S. 280-282

„… arrangements but this is more commonly determined by agreement or by trade usages and practices.7 These …” „… determined by party agreement and trade usages and practices. If this is not determinable, Articles 54 et seq …” „… or bank draft is generally not sufficient unless the parties have agreed upon it, or trade usages and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.1 (Performance of monetary obligation) S. 646

„… Impact of Practice and Usages Practices and usages of the trade (Art. 1.9(2)) may expand the excuse …” „… ) be excluded by agreement (Art. 1.5; ‘gentleman’s agreement’)6 or a usage7 (Art. 1.9). B. Parallel …”

Petra Butler Article 57 CISG S. 284

„… the normal course of events party agreement and trade usages and practices are decisive.3 If the …” „… practices and usages.5 Where this is not possible, the literature is divided as to the approach: it may …” „… the parties on the place of payment is the paramount criterion to be determined. Usages and practices …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… between the parties (Arts. 8(3) and 9(1)), trade usages (Art. 9(2)), and subsequent conduct (Art. 8(3)).8 …” „… , perhaps due to past practices between the parties (Art. 8(3), 9(1)),36 or trade usages (Art. 9(2)).37 For …” „… automated proposals.44 Past practices and trade usages will also impact upon the interpretation of intent to …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… on the basis of practices established between the parties or trade usages under → Art. 9 CISG.4 As …” „… contractual arrangements, or of usages or contract practices established between the parties, will the …” „… the parties, as usage or practices established between the parties, by virtue of the provision of …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… practices or trade usages show the term was already understood or intended to be included,11 e.g., in some …” „… situations commonplace Incoterms® or arbitration clauses in light of trade usages per Art. 9(2).12 Likewise …” „… dealing with the settlement of disputes. Negation of this by way of Art. 9(2) will depend on usages in a …”

Petra Butler Article 58 CISG S. 285-287

„… the absence of a party agreement on the place of payment or determinative usages and practices …” „… are often derogated from, especially due to trade usages or practices in respect of payment clauses.4 …” „… , the parties can agree on the time of payment.28 Trade practices and usages may also be determinative …”

Petra Butler Article 60 CISG S. 289-291

„… the delivery or by sending an invoice.6 Party agreement7 or trade usages and practices often determine …” „… usages and practices.10 However, under the duty of cooperation between the parties, embodied in Article …” „… to trade usages and practices.2 The place of delivery and the time of delivery are determined first …”

Peter Mankowski Article 13 CISG S. 54

„… necessity of written declarations or where usages demand writing, or under the auspices of Artts. 21 (1); 21 …” „… should comprise all of them, though,4 in order to accommodate to modern-day trade usages. This should …”

Petra Butler Article 56 CISG S. 283

„… . Further, it may be determined to the applicable trade usages and practices. Therefore, prior dealings in a …” „… contractually agree on such a right, or trade usages and practices might allow for currency replacement. However …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.20 (Surprising terms) S. 522

„… ties (Art. 1.9(1)) or by usage as observed in a particular trade (Art. 1.9(2)).23 It is not enough …” „… “parties from developing countries should not be bound by standard terms which, though in common usage in …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… , either, with respect to some principles, as ‘trade usages’ and the like, or as a tool for interpretation …” „… of Art. 7 CISG, sometimes they are also referred to as “trade usages” applicable on the basis of …” „… would require to prove the use of a concrete principle as actual trade usage), but this development is …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… CMR 34 11 – of oral offers UNIDROIT 2.1.7 2 – offer lapsed CISG 21 5 – practices and usages CISG 21 …” „… Intro 4 – usages of trade CISG 9 1 et seqq. – writing CISG 13 1 CISG as surce of the UNIDROIT …” „… UNIDROIT 7.3.1 1 – termination after right to cure UNIDROIT 7.3.1 1 – usages UNIDROIT 1.9 1 Class action …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… parties,21 or relevant trade usages,22 the seller’s obligation to deliver the goods includes the …” „… practices or trade usages), may one conclude that the buyer is bound to collect the goods from the seller …” „… Incoterms as “usage” under Article 9 CISG.62 Under → Art. 9(1), if the parties agree to the application of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.6 (Mode of acceptance) S. 503-504

„… established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act without …” „… unless (i) Art. 2.1.12 on ‘writings in confirmation’ applies; (ii) established practices or usages …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent conduct of the parties …” „… negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent …” „… underlying business relationship. Repetition and iteration is not required whereas usages demand more than …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 23 CISG S. 114-115

„… agreement, past practices or usage (discussed above),5 it is concluded upon expiry of the period of silence …” „… required by the agreement, past practices or usage. Furthermore, Art. 23 does not clarify situations in …”

Marco Torsello Article 33 CISG S. 181-185

„… applicable trade usages.7 Cases of set time of delivery must be kept distinct from cases where the parties …” „… basis of → Art. 8, one has to look at practices established between the parties and usages, in …” „… accordance with → Art. 9 CISG. If no relevant practices or usages exist, the solution may be drawn from what …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 36 CISG S. 197-198

„… trade usage (→ Art. 9(1) and (2)) or in the absence of such usage, according to → Art67-69. 1. 2. 1 Urs …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation) S. 509-510

„… the case (and possibly relevant usages, Art. 1.9), the offeree could expect the offeror to tacitly …” „… . 2.1.11(2), the test is whether, under the circumstances of the case (including possibly relevant usages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.3 (Co-operation between the parties) S. 573-574

„… parties’, and it adds instead in lit. b ‘practices established between the parties and usages’.1 From the …” „… parties and usages” (Art. 1.9(1)) it may be technically the best solution to base a decision on Arts …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.9 (Currency of payment) S. 609-610

„… concern for ‘inflation’, Arts. 4.1, 4.3, and/or usages established by prior contracts, Arts. 1.9(1 …” „… ; Vogenauer/Atamer Art. 6.1.9 no. 6 (with an example for ‚usages‘). 9 Official Comments, Art. 6.1.9 no. 1 …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… practices or usage) include cases where the buyer is required to collect the goods from the seller and cases …” „… or from usage, the seller is bound to arrange for carriage whenever the sale is at a distance and the …” „… . Factors to be taken into account relate not only to practices established between the parties or usage, in …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… jurisdictions (→ Art. 6 CISG).3 A deviation can also be based on usage, applicable by virtue of Art. 9(2) CISG.4 …” „… language used by the other party.23 The use of a language not permitted by the contract or by usage between …”

CISG Marco Torsello Article 34 S. 186-189

„… established between the parties or of trade usages, in accordance with → Art. 9 CISG.1 It seems correct to …” „… agreement, established practices or usage, from the specific facts that characterize the transaction. In …”

Klaus Ramming Article 3 Taking over, carriage and delivery of the goods S. 1003-1006

„… vessels only if it has been agreed with the shipper or if it is in accordance with the usage of the …” „… been agreed with the shipper or if there is a usage in the 2 Rechtbank Rotterdam, 20 August 2014 …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… . Art. 4 (independence principle), codify usages and practices. Consequently, the UCP – or at least the …” „… Practice, 154, who sees “UCP as a positive law source of LOC law. Even though the UCP was a usage of trade …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.5 (Rejection of offer) S. 503

„… established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act without …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… parties, follows from usages between the parties, stems from usages in the relevant industry,14 or arises …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.2 (Interpretation of statements and other conduct) S. 564

„… terms and expressions in the trade concerned; (f) usages. 1 Vogenauer/Vogenauer Art. 4.2 no. 2. 2 The …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.1 (Freedom of contract) S. 484

„… ‘with due regard to international usages.’66 By such kind of clause, the UNIDROIT Principles are …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.11 (Definitions) S. 497

„… . The appropriateness test applies also to the language of the communication whereby general usages in …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.1 (Scope of the Section) S. 525

„… filled by interpretation (Arts. 4.2-4.3) of the agreed terms, usages (Art. 1.9) and with the underlying …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.3 (Agency disclosed) S. 527

„… tion to ‘apparent authority’ (→ Art. 2.2.5(2)) if the agent exceeds his powers)9 and/or usages10 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 37 Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party S. 1498

„… indemnify a bank against all obligations and responsibilities imposed by foreign laws and usages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.7 (Time of acceptance) S. 505

„… or any practice or usage (Art. 1.9)), the offer “self-destructs and becomes incapable of acceptance …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.8 (Sub-agency) S. 532

„… sentence 1). It depends on the interpretation of the circumstances (including the evaluation of any usages …”

Klaus Ramming Article 10 Delivery of the goods S. 1021

„… disposal of the consignee in accordance with the contract of carriage or with the usage of the particular …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.17 (Merger clauses) S. 518

„… of trade usages established between the parties (Art. 1.9 and 4.3.(b)(f)).9 A merger clause cannot …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.2 (Implied obligations) S. 572

„… nature and purpose of the contract; (b) practices established between the parties and usages; 3 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.15 (Procedure in applying for permission) S. 617

„… obviously excludes bribes because mandatory law (Art. 1.4) trumps any reference to (so-called) ‘usages’ (Art …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… determined by trade usages.53 Sometimes “usual” packaging can also mean that no packaging at all is necessary …” „… in containers or waggons. Where no trade usages apply, “adequate” packaging means that the goods must …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… particular address by past practices or usage (Art. 8(3)), it is the address with the ‘closest relationship …” „… arises due to past practices or usages.107 Article 20(2) demonstrates that in limited circumstances the …” „… contrast, past practices, usages of trade, or agreements between the parties,116 or the fact that the …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 22 CISG S. 112-113

„… upon what will constitute acceptance, or where this is so due to past practices or usage,13 it might be …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.3 (Relevant circumstances) S. 564-565

„… terms and expressions in the trade concerned; (f) usages. 1 Vogenauer/Vogenauer Art. 4.2 no. 2. 2 The …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) S. 615-616

„… ); (iii) other circumstances (with due regard to the factors in Arts. 4.8(2)13 and 5.1.2), e.g. usage (Art …”

Article 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing) S. 492-493

„… ), openness to commercial usages (Art. 1.9), and the policy to keep contracts alive whenever possible (favour …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.19 (Contracting under standard terms) S. 520-521

„… (iii) to incorporate the standard terms impliedly by usage or practice,22 either between the par- 8 E.g …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… party.14 For example, the INCOTERM ‘F-Clauses’ (‘usages’ → Art. 1.9(2) leave to the obligee – the buyer …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.7 (Payment by cheque or other instrument) S. 606-607

„… );8 with due regard to usages (Art. 1.9(2))9 and subject to Art. 1.7 (e.g. no payment by means which …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… Commercial Contracts, RabelsZ 77 (2013), pp. 158–173; Garma Jr., Lauro, Les usages du commerce dans les …” „… “‘new lex mercatoria’, that is, the group of norms gathered in principles, usages and customs, model …” „… usages, upholding the contract if possible (favor contractus),23 the observance of good faith and fair …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… or of any usage; (b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. I …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.7 (Price determination) S. 579-581

„… . 249, 267 (arguing even that “basic ethical standards can be regarded as an international trade usage …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.2 (Limitation periods) S. 765-767

„… and fair dealing (Art. 1.7) and the openness to commercial usages (Art. 1.9) (Art. 1.6(2 …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 20 CISG S. 102-104

„… . 4 A start date may be inferred from past practices or agreement between the parties or from usages …”

Petra Butler Article 52 CISG S. 274-278

„… entitled to deliver the goods before the date agreed upon unless the parties’ agreement or usage1 provides …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 77 CISG S. 356-359

„… usage (→ Art. 8(2) and 9). Concretely, what is required is the conduct of a reasonable person in the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… on the calculation of interest4 and (iii) as evidence of an international usage “that there is a …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 72 CISG S. 327-331

„… notification under Article 72(2), Article 27 applies. There is no express form requirement; yet, party usage or …”

Klaus Ramming Article 11 Nature and content S. 1022-1026

„… the contract of carriage or with the usage of the particular trade or with the statutory regulations …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 16 CISG S. 74-78

„… circumstances, past practices and trade usages, as well as preliminary negotiations will also be relevant: Art …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… applicable usage in international trade (→ Art. 9(2) CISG).14 A duty arising exclusively from the 1. 2. 7 …” „… (b) CISG.86 Exceptions can ensue from an agreement of the parties or from usages and practises under …”

Petra Butler Article 47 CISG S. 243-248

„… parties, negotiations and practices between them, and usages (Article 8(3)).21 As a general rule, the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… usage of grossly unfair terms or practices, or if, in the event that a national court happens upon said …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 21 CISG S. 105-111

„… agreement, past practices or usages, restrict means of approval.26 By analogy with Art. 18(2), a late …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 78 CISG S. 360-366

„… , or trade usage is determinative; otherwise, → Art. 58 and 59 must be consulted.15 A claim for a …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 74 CISG S. 339-348

„… security is in accordance with a trade usage or practice between the parties, can suffice.17 An exception …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… as the usage they have agreed on and practices they have established.12 1. a) b) 4 Official Records …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… the Incoterms® as being a trade usage.32 3. 22 O’Connor (ed) (n 3) 10 et seqq. 23 von Bernstorff (n 3 …” „… is debated, whether they are standard business conditions, customary law, usages, objective rules for …” „… ) CISG, the parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed. Other authors argue that the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 1.8 494 Usages and practices …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Kathrin Nitschmann - Das Arzt-Patient-Verhältnis im ''modernen'' Gesundheitssystem

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Kathrin Nitschmann

Das Arzt-Patient-Verhältnis im ''modernen'' Gesundheitssystem

Series: Saarbrücker Studien zum Internationalen Recht

Volume 35 2007

Results in this title

Der Bürger als Nutzer ("usager") S. 107-108

„… eine gewisse Indizwirkung, was sich letztlich auch in der Verwendung der Begrifflichkeit „usager“ im …” „… Nutzer (usager) Die stetig wachsende Anerkennung des Autonomiestatus und der individuellen Freiheiten hat …” „… kommt die auch im Rahmen des Gesetzes zentrale Begrifflichkeit des usager ins Spiel. Dieser impliziert …”

Einige Eindrücke zur "démocratie sanitaire" aus dem französischen Schrifttum S. 122-124

„… positive de la place plus grande des usagers dans notre système de santé.407 Inhaltlich näher umschrieben …” „… usagers et des élus à la définition 404 In diesem Sinne Brocas, Présentation du numéro, siehe dazu auch …” „… „Droits et responsabilités des usagers“. Dabei erscheint im Hinblick auf den demokratischen Ansatz im …”

Die fünf Abschnitte des Gesetzes S. 95-99

„… 95 nissant les conditions d’un équilibre harmonieux des responsabilités entre les usagers, les …” „… , Droits et responsabilités des usagers die des zweiten Kapitels. Diese Unterscheidung zwischen kranker …” „… Vorschriften zu „Droits et responsabilités des usagers“ des zweiten Kapitels umfassen in erster Linie die …”

"Démocratie sanitaire" nach der Gesetzgebung vom 4. März 2002 S. 124-125

„… : „Droits de la personne“ sowie „Droits et responsabilités des usagers“. Dabei erscheint im Hinblick auf den …” „… demokratischen Ansatz im zweiten Kapitel noch die Untergliederung in „Information des usagers du système de santé …” „… et expression de leur volonté und „Participation des usagers au fonctionnement du système de santé …”

Rechtsprechung als Motor für Herstellung des Gleichgewichts im Staat-Bürger-Verhältnis S. 106-107

„… auch in der Verwendung der Begrifflichkeit „usager“ im Kontext mit der rechtlichen Weiterentwicklung …” „… des Gesundheitssystems niederschlägt. VI. Der Bürger als Nutzer (usager) Die stetig wachsende …” „… zentrale Begrifflichkeit des usager ins Spiel. Dieser impliziert bereits, dass der Einzelne, wiewohl die …”

"Démocratie sanitaire" und subjektive Rechte S. 121-122

„… zentralste Block der neuen Gesetzgebung „Droits de la personne“, „Droits et responsabilités des usagers …” „… sich um eine évolution positive de la place plus grande des usagers dans notre système de santé.407 …” „… professionnels, des usagers et des élus à la définition 404 In diesem Sinne Brocas, Présentation du numéro …”

Die „legislative Übersetzung“ der "États généraux" durch die Arbeitsgruppe Caniard S. 92-93

„… malade soumis sollte ein usager bien informé werden, der aktiv an seiner Behandlung teilnehmen kann …” „… . Treffend ist dieser usager folgendermaßen charakterisiert worden: „ Ces usagers, malades ou pas …”

Die "États généraux de la santé" S. 89-92

„… zukünftigen „Kranken“ bzw. „Nutzers“ angedeutet: der malade soumis sollte ein usager bien informé werden, der …” „… aktiv an seiner Behandlung teilnehmen kann. Treffend ist dieser usager folgendermaßen charakterisiert …” „… worden: „ Ces usagers, malades ou pas, (...) dénoncent des défaillances, parfois révèlent de véritables …”

"Die démocratie sanitaire" im Rahmen der "États généraux" S. 122

„… positive de la place plus grande des usagers dans notre système de santé.407 Inhaltlich näher umschrieben …” „… usagers et des élus à la définition 404 In diesem Sinne Brocas, Présentation du numéro, siehe dazu auch …”

Fazit S. 108-109

„… Abschnitts „Droits et responsabilités des usagers...“ anspielt, die jedoch an keiner Stelle weiter …” „… Frankreich „Il est paradoxal, en effet, de constater, d’une part, l’usage quotidien du terme (droit subjectif …”

Die kollektiven Rechte im französischen Gesundheitssystems S. 151-155

„… usagers au fonctionnement du système de santé“ verankert. 2. Die Voraussetzungen der Rechtsfähigkeit von …” „… . Letzteres wird im Sinne eines intérêt commun à un ensemble d’usagers lésés par un acte de large diffusion …”

Das Recht auf Schutz der Gesundheit S. 134-150

„… Arbeitern den Schutz der Gesundheit, materielle Sicherheit...“ 135 buent, avec les usagers, à développer la …” „… . Etwas überrascht ist man jedoch auch die „usagers“ im Kreise derjenigen zu finden, die für die Wahrung …” „… eine Mitwirkung verlangt: „Les professionnels (...) contribuent avec les usagers…“ Die rechtliche …”

Der Patient im öffentlichen Krankenhaus S. 159-160

„… usager du service public gegenüber. Die Aufnahme des Kranken in eine Einrichtung ist eine …”

Exposé des motifs, Inkrafttreten und Reform der Reform S. 94-95

„… nissant les conditions d’un équilibre harmonieux des responsabilités entre les usagers, les professionnels …”

Die individuellen Grundfreiheiten als Fundament der subjektiven Rechte S. 109-111

„… subjektiven Rechte in Frankreich „Il est paradoxal, en effet, de constater, d’une part, l’usage quotidien du …”

Fazit S. 119-121

„… Block der neuen Gesetzgebung „Droits de la personne“, „Droits et responsabilités des usagers“ vereint …”

Die materiellrechtlichen Elemente der ärztlichen Haftung S. 254-277

„… der täglichen Praxis mehr Nachdruck verliehen und im „Medizindschungel“ mehr Klarheit für die usagers …” „… geschaffen werden. Notre rôle est d’essayer de le (l’usager) rassurer en mettant à sa disposition le fruit de …” „… façon vertigineuse, parce que le juge trouble, parce que l’usager est plus exigeant.965 Positiv wird die …”

Der Patient im zivilrechtlichen Verhältnis S. 156-159

„… Beziehung, die durch entsprechende Statuten geregelt ist. Er steht dem behandelnden Personal als usager du …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 323-337

„… malades et à la qualité du système de santé. II- Les droits des malades usagers du systèm de santé …” „… les associations d’usagers, in : Guillaume-Hofnung, Michèle (Hrsg.), Droits des malades. Vers une …”

Die Einwilligung im Rahmen der ärztlichen Heilbehandlung S. 170-187

„… Ausdruck: „Information des usagers du système de santé...“ Als unmittelbares subjektives Recht hat er der …” „… mit der allgemeinen Maßgabe des Art. L. 1111-1 begnügen: „Les droits reconnus aux usagers …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… im Staat-Bürger-Verhältnis 106 VI. Der Bürger als Nutzer ("usager") 107 VII. Fazit 108 B. Das …”

Die prozessuale Perspektive: Verfahren der Schadensersatzabwicklung S. 295-302

„… iatrogènes et aux infections nosocomiales, ainsi que des autres litiges entre usagers et professionnels de …”

Das Menschenwürdeprinzip S. 126-134

„… werden, dass über die kranke Person hinaus auch der usager als in das Gesundheitssystem eingebundene …”

Die Entwicklung des französischen Gesundheitssystems S. 45-55

„… Nutzer einer öffentlichen Dienstleistung, ein usager du service public.153 Damit hat der Patient auch …”

Die grundlegenden Prinzipien der ärztlichen Haftung S. 277-295

„… nosocomiales, ainsi que des autres litiges entre usagers et professionnels de santé… Die Tatsache, dass die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201771

Shafiah F. Muhibat - Evolving Approaches to Regional Security Cooperation

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Shafiah F. Muhibat

Evolving Approaches to Regional Security Cooperation

Series: Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden

Volume 208 2013

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Scholarly Usage S. 66-73

„… by tracing the various usages found of the concept, first by categorising scholarly usages in …” „… : Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 88-89. 67 3.1. Scholarly Usage and Region-based Concepts As …” „… in social science is that words from common usage, with common interpretation, are sometimes borrowed …”

Examining the Different Usages and Concepts: The Main Findings S. 83-85

„… activities are consistent with those norms”.374 3.1.3. Examining the Different Usages and Concepts: The …” „… Main Findings A number of findings grow out of the elaboration of different usages and understandings …” „… usage of the concept, in which it generally refers to simply to states working collectively together to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Security: A Conceptual Analysis 66 3.1. Scholarly Usage and Region-based Concepts 67 3.1.1. Scholarly …” „… Usage 68 3.1.1.1. Scholarly Usage - International Relations 68 3.1.1.2. Scholarly Usage …” „… 3.1.3. Examining the Different Usages and Concepts: The Main Findings 83 3.2. The Evolving Concept of …”

Region-based Concepts S. 73-83

„… . Similarities to the usage in International Relations exist, of course, given that the same concept is being …” „… to varying scholarly usage of the concept, the concept has also been interpreted differently to …” „… 3.1.3. Examining the Different Usages and Concepts: The Main Findings A number of findings grow out of …”

Key Findings and Contribution S. 156-160

„… meanings. Of more concern, there are overlapping definitions and usage with other concepts such as common …” „… . However, it is extremely important to note that the usages are not exclusive for the scholars of either …” „… . Moreover, there are similar or even common features of the usages in both fields, namely: (1) the concept …”

Cooperative Security: A Conceptual Analysis II. Explaining Regional Security Cooperation: A Constructivist Approach to Security Studies S. 28-31

„… 3 serves as the main part of the conceptual analysis. It begins by tracing with the various usages …”

Problems and Confusion S. 19-20

„… science is that terminologies sometimes borrow words from common usage, with a common interpretation. The …”

Analytical Tools S. 26-28

„… 3 serves as the main part of the conceptual analysis. It begins by tracing with the various usages …”

Comparison with Other Concepts of Security Cooperation S. 17-19

„… science is that terminologies sometimes borrow words from common usage, with a common interpretation. The …”

Conceptual Analysis S. 20-24

„… common and in scholarly usage. Nonetheless, it has to be kept in mind that there are limits to this …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246932

Martin Schiefelbusch - Trains across borders

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Martin Schiefelbusch

Trains across borders

Series: Historische Dimensionen Europäischer Integration

Volume 19 2013

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Usage patterns and volumes S. 254-257

„… newsletter, however, declared the fare as being “timely and justified”. 130 3.8 Usage patterns and volumes …”

Usage patterns and volumes S. 278-281

„… 4.4 Usage patterns and volumes No clear quantitative target for the sale of the InterRail pass is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Attempts for reform within the existing system 250 3.7.2 Alternative models 252 3.8 Usage patterns and …” „… arrangements, ticket handling and design, revenue allocation 275 4.4 Usage patterns and volumes 278 4.5 …”

Development of the InterRail over time S. 266-278

„… gained in the first years also provided information about usage patterns. They showed that the early …” „… preferred this solution in order to get reliable usage figures in a way that was compatible with the …” „… allocation. It was also asked to develop concepts for marketing the new offer.188 4.4 Usage patterns and …”

The ticket book in the general debate on the fare system S. 250-254

„… the fare as being “timely and justified”. 130 3.8 Usage patterns and volumes Number of ticket books …”

Development of the ticket book over time S. 231-250

„… passengers. This was connected to the fact that the apparent abuse was usage, which was different than the …” „… intended use according to the formal framework, rather than intended abuse (e.g. multiple usage or the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250397

Reiner Schulze - Common European Sales Law (CESL)

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Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Common European Sales Law (CESL)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2012

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Article 67 Usages and practices in contracts between traders S. 366-371

„… non-mandatory rules of the CESL: an explicitly agreed or factually established usage/practice under art 67(1 …” „… 67(3) that usages and practices which deviate from non-mandatory rules of the CESL should take …” „… would provide this information immediately, clarifying that ‘usage and practice’ can only be contract …”

Article 66 Contract terms Kieninger S. 364-366

„… ) any usage or practice by which parties are bound by virtue of Article 67; (c) any rule of the Common …” „… parties or (common) usages. The norm then goes on to deal with implied terms in paragraphs 2–4. As the …” „… , rules of law, practices and usages and (in paragraph 2) implied terms – are those which can also be …”

Article 59 Relevant matters S. 344-349

„… contract; (d) usages which would be considered generally applicable by parties in the same situation; (e …” „… . Usages (letter d …” „… mentioning negotiations, practices, usages and subsequent conduct. In the UNIDROIT PICC, good faith and fair …”

Article 68 Contract terms which may be implied S. 371-374

„… the CESL (FS), is a welcome development in view of the fact that usages and practices will mostly be …” „… established a standing usage between themselves, the usage may still become part of the contract either by way …” „… parties, any usage or practice or any rule of the Common European Sales Law, an additional contract term …”

Article 73 Determination of price S. 391-395

„… contract (its terms, other rules of law, or usages and practices); alternatively, the usual price charged …” „… other applicable rule of law or from usages or practices’ to ‘cannot be otherwise determined’ – in art …” „… implied party agreements, usages or practices forming part of the contract, or other rules of law.7 This …”

Article 34 Acceptance S. 229-231

„… inactivity to constitute acceptance. Such factors can be the existence of an agreed usage between the parties …” „… themselves, or of a usage, the offeree may accept the offer by conduct without notice to the offeror, the …”

Article 35 Time of conclusion of the contract S. 231-233

„… , of practices which the parties have established between themselves, or of a usage, the offeree may …” „… a usage (art 35[3]). In that case the contract is concluded at an earlier stage, namely when the …”

Article 65 Interpretation against supplier of a contract term S. 360-364

„… European Sales Law; (b) any usage or practice by which parties are bound by virtue of Article 67; (c) any …” „… parties or (common) usages. The norm then goes on to deal with implied terms in paragraphs 2–4. As the …”

Article 58 General rules on interpretation of contracts Wendehorst S. 340-344

„… those used in the contract; (d) usages which would be considered generally applicable by parties in the …” „… . Usages (letter d …”

Article 126 Time of payment S. 584-589

„… purpose of the contract, to the circumstances of the case and to the usages and practices of the trades or …” „… contracts, and certainly those governed by CESL (P), the primary interests of parties, but also usages and …”

Article 70 Duty to raise awareness of not individually negotiated contract terms S. 380-385

„… solved via art 67: if a trading usage of binding pre-contractual statements exists or an intention to …” „… , this mandatoriness appears somewhat too strict;13 a precedence of usage between traders leading to …”

Article 174 Payment for use and interest on money received S. 741-747

„… the supplier a right to claim damages for the deterioration of the good due to the usage.3 The English …” „… period of usage by the estimated lifetime of the good, and then multiply the result by the good’s gross …”

Article 154 Provision of access S. 665-666

„… the nature and purpose of the contract, to the circumstances of the case and to the usages and …”

Article 36 Time limit for acceptance S. 233-235

„… determines, or when this is allowed on the basis of established practices or of a usage (art 35[3]). In that …”

Article 155 Remedies of the customer S. 666-668

„… the usages and practices of the trades or professions involved. A failure to provide access to the …”

Article 163 Reduction of loss S. 686-688

„… objectively, having regard to the nature and purpose of the contract and any usages and trading practices (cf …”

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum S. 788-817

„… – definition RegCESL (P) 2 48 et seqq commercial usage – substitute transaction 132 15 communication of …” „… – unilateral intention 58 6 – usages 59 11 et seq interpretation giving terms effect – language versions 61 …” „… – usages and 66 6, 67 1 et seqq pre-contractual information 87 8 – application of the CESL RegCESL (P …”

Article 4 Interpretation S. 131-134

„… case and to the usages and practices of the trades or professions involved. 2. Any reference to what …”

Article 30 Requirements for the conclusion of a contract S. 217-221

„… interpretation (arts 58–65) will be relevant as well as the rules on contents and effects (arts 66–78). Usages …”

Article 77 Contracts of indeterminate duration S. 404-408

„… 77 Kieninger 369 4 5 6 payment, usages, etc. (cf art 11 [on computation of time] for the …”

Article 83 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between a trader and a consumer S. 419-423

„… of the parties and common usages need to be considered. 2 Hesselink, ‘Unfair Terms in Contracts …”

Article 132 Requiring performance of buyer’s obligations S. 614-619

„… creditor may even be bound by commercial usage to effect a cover transac- 3 Von Bar/Clive (eds), DCFR, Full …”

Article 176 Equitable modification S. 751-756

„… its usage as an exception seem to refer to the distinction between common law and equity which is …”

Article 39 Conflicting standard contract terms S. 241-246

„… with the objectives and principles underlying its provisions (art 4[2]). Usages and practices may play …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 66 327 Usages and practices in contracts between traders …”

Article 5 Reasonableness S. 134-140

„… the nature and purpose of the contract, to the circumstances of the case and to the usages and …”

Article 69 Contract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements S. 374-380

„… via art 67: if a trading usage of binding pre-contractual statements exists or an intention to this …”

Article 97 Goods or digital content not accepted by the buyer S. 494-500

„… circumstances of the case and to the usages and practices of the trades or professions involved. The duty to …”

Article 89 Change of circumstances S. 452-463

„… the contract, the status of the parties, usages and prac- 1. General provisions Article 89 Zoll 423 27 …”

Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance S. 433-445

„… usage of the rights and remedies by the party infringing the requirement of good faith and fair dealing …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265469

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