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Piero Sansone - Gleichstellung von Leiharbeitnehmern nach deutschem und Unionsrecht

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Piero Sansone

Gleichstellung von Leiharbeitnehmern nach deutschem und Unionsrecht

Series: Schriften des Instituts für Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsrecht der Universität zu Köln

Volume 116 2011

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Der Grundsatz „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“ S. 37-40

„… . 4 AÜG, dem sog. Grundsatz des „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“, einem besonderen …” „… Diskriminierungsverbot.7Der Grundsatz „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“Die durch das Erste Gesetz für moderne …” „… schonim Gesetzgebungsverfahren die Bezeichnung als Grundsatz des „Equal Treatment undEqual Pay …”

Der Streit um die Wirksamkeit der Leiharbeitstarifverträge S. 45-47

„… ); Bayreuther, NZA ?005, ?41 (?4?); Boemke/Lembke, AÜG, § 9 Rn. 1?0; Guenoub, Equal Pay und EqualTreatment, S …” „… ); Guenoub, Equal Pay und EqualTreatment, S. ?07; Schüren, RdA ?006, ?0? (?07).68 Schüren, RdA ?006, ?0? (?07 …” „… ); Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment,S. ?00 f.; Hanau, ZIP ?00?, 157? (1577); Schüren, FS 50 Jahre BAG …”

Terminologie und Arten der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung S. 55-58

„… nichtgewerbsmäßigen Arbeitnehmerüberlassung, S. 16.1?? Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 1?; Witten …” „… die englischen Schlagwörter „EqualTreatment und Equal Pay“ ein.150 Diese Wortwahl spiegelt sich auch …” „… „Theprinciple of equal treatment“ und in der deutschen Fassung als „Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung …”

Terminologie zum Gleichstellungsgrundsatz S. 58-59

„… §§ ? Abs. 1 Nr. ?, 9 Nr. ?, 10 Abs. 4 AÜG die englischen Schlagwörter „EqualTreatment und Equal Pay“ ein …” „… Leiharbeitsrichtlinie in der englischen Fassung als „Theprinciple of equal treatment“ und in der deutschen Fassung als …” „… Equal Treatment, S. 71; Klumpp, GPR ?009, 89 (90,Fn. 15); Thüsing/Mengel, AÜG, § 9 Rn. ??; Müller, G. P …”

Tarifvertragliche Regelung S. 319-412

„… ); Ulber,AÜG, § 9 Rn. ?00.1797 Vgl. ausführlich Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 168; Ulber, AÜG, § 9 …” „… . 15/?5, S. ?8.1807 Boemke/Lembke, AÜG, § 9 Rn. 11?; Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 101; Hanau …” „… Boemke/Lembke, AÜG, § 9 Rn. 11?; Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 101;Thüsing/Pelzner, AÜG, § ? Rn. 80 …”

Abweichung aus sachlichem Grund? S. 302-304

„… ?. Teil C. I. 1. b. bb. (6).1664 Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 95; Thüsing …” „… Gleichstellungsgegenständen ?. Teil C. I. 1. c. aa. (?) und ?. TeilC. I. 1. c. bb.166? Vgl. auch Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal …” „… Treatment, S. 94 f.; Reim, ZTR ?00?, 106 (108);ders., AiB ?00?, 7? (74); Thüsing, Arbeitsrechtlicher …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 599-624

„… ?/?010 Anm. ?.ders., Ausschlussfrist und Nachweispflicht für equal pay/equal treatment-Ansprüche im …” „… Equal Pay/Treatment Gebotsdes AÜG, BB ?010, S. ?09 – ?15.Beck, Thorsten, Leiharbeit, Werkverträge …” „… Equal Treatment im Leiharbeitsverhältnis, Aachen ?009 (zit.:Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal …”

Vermutung der Arbeitsvermittlung, § 1 Abs. 2 AÜG S. 430-435

„… neue Arbeitsrecht, S. 71; Guenoub, Equal Pay undEqual Treatment, S. ?09 ff.; Thüsing/Pelzner, AÜG …” „… Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment,S. 184 f.?496 Vgl. hierzu ausführlich Weckesser, Auswirkungen des …”

Gegenstand und Gang der Untersuchung S. 50-54

„… inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt der Arbeit (?. Teil C.). Die Konkretisierung dessen, was „Equal Treatment und Equal …” „… ); Weyand/Düwell/Düwell, Das neueArbeitsrecht, S. 71; Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. ?09 ff.; Thüsing/Pelzner …”

Rechtstatsächliche Entwicklung S. 41-45

„… für den größten Teil der Leiharbeitnehmer abbedungen, so dass „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“ für …” „… und damit vom Gesetzgrundsätzlich vorgesehenen „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“ eine deutliche …”

Sonstige denkbare Rechtsfolgen S. 435-436

„… Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment,S. 184 f.?496 Vgl. hierzu ausführlich Weckesser, Auswirkungen des …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-30

„… . Teil: ?7Der Grundsatz „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“A. ?8Anfängliche Kritik und verfassungsrechtliche …” „… „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“A. ?8Anfängliche Kritik und verfassungsrechtliche ZweifelB. 40 …”

Bewertung der §§ 3 Abs. 1 Nr. 3, 9 Nr. 2, 10 Abs. 4 AÜG S. 437-439

„… . ?00.?511 Vgl. auch Guenoub, Equal Pay und Equal Treatment, S. 179; Willemsen/Annuß, BB ?005, 4?7(440).?51 …”

Gewerberechtliche Sanktion des § 3 Abs. 1 Nr. 3 AÜG S. 428-430

„… neue Arbeitsrecht, S. 71; Guenoub, Equal Pay undEqual Treatment, S. ?09 ff.; Thüsing/Pelzner, AÜG …”

Räumlicher Geltungsbereich und grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerüberlassung S. 137-155

„… rechtlicheAusgangslage durch die Leiharbeitsrichtlinie verändert, die eine „Equal Treatment“-Bestimmung nunmehr …” „… einschließlich des Arbeitsentgelts gewährt).Die Konkretisierung dessen, was „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“ im …”

Geltende wesentliche Arbeitsbedingungen einschließlich des Arbeitsentgelts im Betrieb des Entleihers S. 155-253

„… einschließlich des Arbeitsentgelts gewährt).Die Konkretisierung dessen, was „Equal Treatment und Equal Pay“ im …” „… Orientierung auf Equal Pay (…), wie sie in den acht Staatenum uns herum, in denen es Zeit- und Leiharbeit gibt …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228891

Stefan Schäfer - Arbeitsmarktpolitik im deutschen Föderalismus

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Stefan Schäfer

Arbeitsmarktpolitik im deutschen Föderalismus

2007

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»Equal Treatment for Equals« und dezentrale Verantwortung für Arbeitsmarktpolitik S. 155-157

„… »Equal Treatment«-Prinzip folgt. Dort ist NFB-Gleichheit relativ schlicht als Gleichheit der …” „… beobachten ist.Die Befolgung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips ist nämlich bei zentraler Zuständigkeit für einen …” „… beantwortet. Das »Equal Treatment«-Prinzip ist im Bereich der Arbeitslosenversicherung weitgehend, bei der …”

»Equal Treatment« und Arbeitslosenversicherung S. 134-135

„… kann.6.2 Anwendung des »Equal Treatment for Equals«-Prinzips auf die Teilbereiche der …” „… Arbeitsmarktpolitik6.2.1 »Equal Treatment« und ArbeitslosenversicherungIm Bereich der Pflichtleistungen, also der …” „… einheitlichen Beitragssätzen und Lohnersatzraten in Einklang mit dem Prinzip »Equal Treatment for Equals …”

»Equal Treatment« und aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik S. 140-144

„… , Süd und Nord, Ost und West – die Gewährleistung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips bei der Versorgung der …” „… interregional gleiche Verteilungpro Kopf mit dem »Equal Treatment«-Gedanken vereinbar. Das bedeutet, demEqual …” „… , daß die zentrale Zuständigkeit für Arbeitsmarktpolitik die Geltung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips im …”

»Equal Treatment« und die Versorgung der Langzeitarbeitslosen S. 135-140

„… keine Anzeichen für eine systematische Verletzung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips.Über die Frage hinaus …” „… West – die Gewährleistung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips bei der Versorgung der Langzeitarbeitslosen …” „… einheitlichen Beitragssätzen und Lohnersatzraten in Einklang mit dem Prinzip »Equal Treatment for Equals …”

Interregionale Mittelströme aufgrund der zentralen aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik S. 154-155

„… grundsätzlichen Zweifel an der Geltung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzip ändern nichts an der Tatsache, daß gemäß …” „… dem »Equal Treatment«-Prinzip folgt. Dort ist NFB-Gleichheit relativ schlicht als Gleichheit der …” „… beobachten ist.Die Befolgung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips ist nämlich bei zentraler Zuständigkeit für einen …”

Distributionstheoretische Grundlagen: Arbeitsmarktpolitik und das Prinzip der Gleichbehandlung im Föderalismus S. 63-65

„… nach einem »Equal Treatment for Equals« bzw. nach »Fiscal Equity« gegenübergestellt.190 Demnach …” „… Treatment of Equals«gewährleistet und welche distributionspolitischen Konsequenzen eine Dezentralisierung …” „… allokationstheoretische Fundierung des EqualTreatment soll im folgenden nicht weiter eingegangen werden. Vgl. Buchanan, J …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Föderalismus 1306.2 Anwendung des »Equal Treatment for Equals«-Prinzips auf die Teilbereiche …” „… der Arbeitsmarktpolitik 1346.2.1 »Equal Treatment« und Arbeitslosenversicherung 1346.2.2 »Equal …” „… Leistungsseite 1376.2.3 »Equal Treatment« und aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik 1406.3 Zentrale Bereitstellung sowie …”

Interregionale Gerechtigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Föderalismus S. 130-134

„… »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips zu überprüfen, ist die Abgrenzung der »Equals«,383 Eine Ausnahme stellen die …” „… Arbeitslosengeldes II und der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik den Vorgaben des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips folgen.Damit …” „… Kompetenzen gesteigert werden kann.6.2 Anwendung des »Equal Treatment for Equals«-Prinzips auf die …”

Interregionale Mittelströme aufgrund der zentralen Versorgung Langzeitarbeitsloser S. 151-154

„… theoretischen Überlegungen in Abschnitt 6.2.2 führten bezüglich der Geltung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips im …” „… hindeutet, daß dem »Equal Treatment«-Gedanken tendenziell Genüge getanwird.1546.3.3 Interregionale …” „… »Equal Treatment«-Prinzip ändern nichts an der Tatsache, daß gemäß Tabelle 10 auch die zentrale …”

Ein erstes Fazit: Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Föderalismus aus der Perspektive der ökonomischen Theorie des Föderalismus S. 158-159

„… besonderem Maße distributionspolitische Aspekte zubeachten. Die Gewährleistung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips …” „… (»EqualTreatment«). Entsprechend untersuchten die Kapitel 4, 5 und 6, welche Teilbereiche der Arbeitsmarktpolitik …”

Interregionale Mittelströme aufgrund der zentral bereitgestellten Arbeitslosenversicherung S. 144-151

„… zentrale Zuständigkeit für Arbeitsmarktpolitik die Geltung des »Equal Treatment«-Prinzips im Falle der …” „… . Diezentrale Bereitstellung einer Arbeitslosenversicherung gewährleistet somit nichtnur das »Equal Treatment …” „… festgehalten werden, daß das interregionale »Equal Treatment« durch diezentrale Bereitstellung mit …”

Zusammenfassung und Ausblick S. 210-214

„… Bundesstaates am besten. Das distributionspolitische Ziel »Equal Treatment for Equals« wird im Prinzip erreicht …”

Zusammenfassung: Ableitung von Hypothesen über die regionale Verteilung der für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik verfügbaren Mittel S. 124-129

„… abgeleitet wird dieses Ziel aus der Forderung nach einem »Equal Treatment for Equals« bzw. der Angleichung …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203768

Victoria Asaba Chege - Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

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Victoria Asaba Chege

Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 118 2011

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Equality and equal treatment S. 41-42

„… original terms used by different authors when examining their works. II. Equality and equal treatment Next …” „… to be defined for the purposes of this work is what is meant by equality and equal treatment …” „… . Basically, equal treatment may be understood as the absence of discrimination on (a) specificied ground(s …”

Sex S. 136-142

„… Regulation 1612/68/EEC which relates to employment and equal treatment.8 The prohibition on nationality …” „… on Union Citizenship,11 which now grants migrant Union citizens the right to equal treatment with …” „… amends the equal treatment provisions of Regulation 1612/68/EEC and annuls inter alia Regulation …”

Concept of discrimination S. 156-164

„… principle of equal treatment and nondiscrimination. Thus, any interpretation of both that article and any …” „… Discrimination in EC Law, Antwerpen-Oxford: Intersentia, 2005; M. Gijzen, Selected Issues in Equal Treatment Law …” „… ] ECR 911. 172 In relation to equal treatment of persons, the concept was first developed in the Griggs …”

Addressing inconsistencies S. 317-326

„… the weaknesses in the formal approach to equality is that it does not regulate how equal treatment is …” „… personal scope of application of both the Race and Sex Equal Treatment Directive, as well as in the …” „… , which is only explicitly captured as discrimination under the sex employment equal treatment provisions …”

Enforcement S. 166-170

„… First and Second Sex Equal Treatment Directives, as well as to Council Directive 92/85/EEC239 and …” „… to the explanatory note to the German Equal Treatment Act, it is upon the claimant to bring evidence …” „… treatment bodies In both the race and sex provisions, equal treatment bodies meant to provide assistance to …”

Ethnic minority women S. 39-41

„… their works. II. Equality and equal treatment Next to be defined for the purposes of this work is what …” „… is meant by equality and equal treatment. Basically, equal treatment may be understood as the absence …” „… differential treatment would be a violation of the principle of equal treatment. Yet, even within an equal …”

Growth of grounds and multidimensionality S. 26-28

„… into EU equality law. At the same time, the first sex equal treatment directive18 was fundamentally …” „… implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (Race …” „… /EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to …”

Provisions on multidimensionality S. 179-182

„… placed a duty upon the Community to promote equal treatment between men and women and to mainstream …” „… 75/117/EEC4. The employment related equal treatment provisions are entailed in Directive 2006/54/EC 1 …” „… implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (Race …”

Material scope S. 164-166

„… TFEU (ex Article 141 EC) and Council Directive 75/117/EEC; equal treatment was regulated by Directive …” „… Burden of Proof Directive, the Sex Equal Treatment Directive, and the Occupational Social Security …” „… eradicate the separate regimes for equal pay and equal treatment,226 but rather reflects the case law of the …”

The inconsistent levels of protection S. 189-205

„… L 49/1. 75 See for example Schiek, ‘A new framework for equal treatment’, p. 297. 76 See report …” „… the Race Directive (and in the proposal for the new equal treatment Directive extending the grounds …” „… services directive’, p. 342. 1942. Material scope In relation to the race and sex equal treatment …”

Personal scope S. 164

„… TFEU (ex Article 141 EC) and Council Directive 75/117/EEC; equal treatment was regulated by Directive …” „… Burden of Proof Directive, the Sex Equal Treatment Directive, and the Occupational Social Security …” „… eradicate the separate regimes for equal pay and equal treatment,226 but rather reflects the case law of the …”

Exceptions S. 170-176

„… were formerly stipulated in Article 2 of the First Sex Equal Treatment Directive (Council Directive …” „… from the prohibition to discriminate here. Article 2 (4) of the first Sex Equal Treatment Directive …” „… women in working life, the principle of equal treatment shall not prevent any Member State from …”

Conclusion and final theses S. 349-376

„… Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or …” „… Document accompanying the proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment …” „… Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of …”

Enforcement S. 205-217

„… ground. IV. Enforcement 1. Equal treatment bodies In the race and sex provisions under study, equal …” „… bill.168 It recognises that the single equal treatment body, the Commission for Equality and Human …” „… establishing the relevance of a single-body for multidimensional claims, the EU provisions on equal treatment …”

Legislative framework S. 256-270

„… coming into force of the German Equal Treatment Act (AGG),200 equality was envisaged in numerous …” „… , ‘Developing UK legislation’; Monaghan, ‘Anti-discrimination legislation.’ 200 General Equal Treatment Act of …” „… . Addressing multidimensionality The race and sex equal treatment provisions have been implemented (sex …”

Legislative framework S. 231-250

„… implementing the EU 6 Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in …” „… Directive. The SDA was enacted in 1975 before the First Sex Equal Treatment (Council Directive 76/207/EEC)19 …” „… Directive 76/207/EEC the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards …”

Peculiarities of EU equality law S. 217-220

„… equal treatment as entailed in the sex provisions on multidimensional equality law.265 One particular …” „… equal pay and equal treatment regimes,271 the ECJ might have to reconsider its case-law on the concepts …” „… around Article 157 TFEU (ex Article 141 EC) and the sex equal treatment directive. But nevertheless …”

Reasons for disadvantage: Beyond discrimination S. 131-133

„… transposing the EU equal treatment instruments.312 303 See concept of indirect discrimination in chapter 4 …” „… Recitals 1-5 Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in …” „… the German General Equal Treatment Act of 14 August 2006 (AGG), (BGB1. I S. 1897). 133Thus as far as …”

Research question S. 23-26

„… equal treatment directive18 was fundamentally revised in the year 2002 to bring it in line with the Race …” „… Council Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of …” „… a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (Framework Directive) [2000] OJ …”

Conceptual structure S. 182-189

„… sufficient that discrimination on particular grounds is prohibited, irrespective of whether equal treatment …” „… speak for a formal approach. Here, the Court ruled that the principle of equal treatment in matters of …” „… the ECJ’s case law on positive were discussed in the previous chapter.26 The new equal treatment …”

The concepts and conceptions in equality law S. 326-333

„… 326visages the establishment of an equal treatment body for the corresponding grounds.182 In …” „… , including the equal treatment bodies envisaged for the grounds of race and sex.183 Thus a close working …” „… would be necessary to require the equal treatment bodies to have a working relationship as they execute …”

Methodology S. 32-34

„… objective of the sixth section is to find ways in which the EU legal framework for equal treatment of …” „… Thus § 4 of the German Equal Treatment (AGG), which implements the EU post Amsterdam equal treatment …” „… , explanatory note, p. 20. 76 General Equal Treatment Act of 14 August 2006 (BGB1. I S. 1897) amended by Article …”

Multidimensionality and the principle of equality and non discrimination S. 28-31

„… expression of the commitment of the Community legal order to the principle of equal treatment and …” „… equal treatment: From market unifier to fundamental right?’, in P. Craig, G. De Búrca, The Evolution of …” „… approach?’, in A. Dashwood and S. O’Leary (eds), The Principle of Equal Treatment in EC Law, London: Sweet …”

Nationality provisions S. 135-136

„… Regulation 1612/68/EEC which relates to employment and equal treatment.8 The prohibition on nationality …” „… on Union Citizenship,11 which now grants migrant Union citizens the right to equal treatment with …” „… amends the equal treatment provisions of Regulation 1612/68/EEC and annuls inter alia Regulation …”

Racial or ethnic origin S. 142-150

„… does not fall within the scope of the German Equal Treatment Act which implements inter alia the Race …” „… necessarily equal treatment with nationals.87 The Race and Framework Directives do not prejudice their …” „… provisions. Among those that entail equal treatment provisions (with nationals) are the Scientific …”

Table of Contents S. 9-16

„… . Ethnic minority women 39 II. Equality and equal treatment 41 III. Multidimensionality, intersectionality …” „… 122. Equal treatment bodies 167 3. Remedies and sanctions 168 4. Victimisation 169 5. Defence of …” „… multidimensionality 259 3. Equal treatment body 262 4. Remedies and sanctions 262 5. Ability of legislative framework …”

Literature S. 377-412

„… , Employment and Equal Treatment Amendment Directives in order to bring about the reform of UK discrimination …” „… Principle of Equal Treatment in EC Law, London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1995, 59-79. Barnard, C. and Hepple, B …” „… of Equal Treatment between Persons Irrespective of Religion or Belief, Disability, Age or Sexual …”

Introducing a provision on multidimensionality S. 293-317

„… other jurisdictions as well; but on the other hand, legal certainty and the principle of equal treatment …” „… , ‘Intersectionality and identity’, p. 218 f. 96 See generally J. Gerards, Judicial Review in Equal Treatment Cases …” „… . Secondly, in implementing the equal treatment directives, not all Member States have shown an inclination …”

USA S. 61-76

„… Color to Earn Equal Pay, 1997 as cited in WILD, The Treatment of Women of Color under US Law. A Report …” „… constitution.166 The Equal Protection Clause of the US Constitution grants equal treatment of all before the …” „… Court under the Equal Protection Clause of the US Constitution which grants equal treatment of all …”

Interim findings S. 176-177

„… of sex equality. The secondary law instruments on equal treatment of persons however prioritise the …” „… services.315 Furthermore, the case law of the ECJ developed under the sex equal pay provisions reveals a …” „… be justified recourse to the exceptions provided therein, other than on the ground of age. Equal …”

Conceptual structure: Additive and intersectional discrimination S. 45-51

„… Germany by the General Equal Treatment 25 L.M. Roseberry, The Limits of Employment Discrimination Law in …” „… of discrimination.45 She uses the term 35 General Equal Treatment Act of 14 August 2006 (BGB1. I S …” „… /EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic …”

Methods S. 34-36

„… equal treatment provisions. It thus offers a chance to bring to the fore any potential conflicts such a …” „… . Additionally, the strength of the EU legal framework for equal treatment of persons to address …” „… race equal treatment provisions while at the same time evaluating their ability to facilitate …”

Interim assessment S. 155-156

„… treatment is explicitly linked to the prohibited ground.142 The prohibition of direct discrimination …” „… captures cases where the only reason for less favourable treatment is the ground in question. Otherwise the …” „… linked to the ground of sex. Therefore the ECJ has ruled that the less favourable treatment of a woman on …”

Approach of UK Courts S. 250-256

„… , which reflects the fact that discrimination law is by its nature generally about equal treatment rather …” „… force of the German Equal Treatment Act (AGG),200 equality was envisaged in numerous provisions, many of …” „… , ‘Developing UK legislation’; Monaghan, ‘Anti-discrimination legislation.’ 200 General Equal Treatment Act of …”

Assessment of conceptual structure S. 51-53

„… equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (Race Directive) [2000] OJ L …” „… 180/22; Recital 3 of the Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal …” „… treatment in employment and occupation [2000] OJ L303/16; Section 1.6 Communication from the Commission to …”

Position of ethnic minority women beyond education and the labour market S. 133-134

„… the proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons …” „… been said to influence counselling or treatment received by migrant women,315 who tend to be more …” „… equal participation in the labour market and in education and thus for minimising risks related to …”

Possible reasons for the lack of attention S. 226-228

„… classified the unequal treatment of transsexuals as sex discrimination.334 These decisions too have not …” „… treatment of same sex partners who have entered into registered partnership as compared to married partners …” „… advantage, since she already had in place equal pay legislation in the period up to 1950.342 Being driven by …”

Structure S. 36-37

„… ‘multidimensional’ equality law. Additionally, the strength of the EU legal framework for equal treatment of persons …” „… of the EU sex and race equal treatment provisions while at the same time evaluating their ability to …”

Legislative framework S. 276-279

„… Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or …” „… employment policy and her less favourable treatment.302 The Labour Court of Wiesbaden could as a consequence …” „… after US antidiscrimination law,312 this might after all be a legitimate expectation. The German Equal …”

German courts S. 270-276

„… granted rights to equal treatment irrespective of religion since Christian symbols are not caught by it …” „… not take an intersectional approach too.292 The case would be a good example of adverse treatment …” „… employment the right to proportionate material damages. § 81 (2) (3) SGB IX entitled them to damages equal to …”

Religion or belief, disability, age, sexual orientation S. 150-155

„… Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons …” „… equal than others?’, CML Rev, 1999, vol. 36, 1127-1152, 1143; I. Bryan, ‘Equality and freedom from …” „… practice; see also Council Resolution of 17 June 1999 on equal employment opportunities for people with …”

Research objective S. 31-32

„… for equal treatment of persons can be strengthened to address multidimensionality. D. Methodology and …” „… notably intersectionality, has received almost equal attention from legal and sociological scholars …”

Pre 2000 S. 220-222

„… 220On the other hand, directives can act as mediums through which the general principle of equal …” „… treatment might be applicable even to private individuals.282 This would therefore make up for the lack of …” „… therefore, considerations on the different effects between Article 157 TFEU (ex Article 141 EC) and equal …”

Evaluation and conclusion S. 85-88

„… , ‘Broadening the scope’, at 461-462. 318 On equal opportunities as being situated between the formal and …” „… are convinced unfair treatment ensued on that particular grounds too. In the USA, the inconsistency …” „… others. In the US, Japanese born women seem to be on equal footing with White women, while other ethnic …”

Concluding remarks S. 347-348

„… between the EES and equal treatment framework cannot be entirely denied. IV. Concluding remarks This study …”

Beyond equality law – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European Employment Strategy (EES) S. 338-347

„… refusal to hire Roma [..]’.327 Thus the existence of a link between the EES and equal treatment framework …” „… strengthening equal opportunities for women and men.250 The four pillar structure was reformed in 2003 to a …” „… the equal opportunities pillar, which among others envisaged tackling gender gaps and measures to …”

Canada S. 76-85

„… Canadian Charter of Rights guarantees equal treatment and the right to equal benefit and protection of the …” „… had in the past been exposed to disadvantageous treatment. In Gilbert’s opinion, this group based …” „… federal statutory provision that gave preferential treatment in the federal public service employment to …”

Redressing the social context through anti-discrimination law S. 335-338

„… the equal treatment of persons is however an approach that to a certain extent incorporates the …” „… 143-147. 233 See generally Prechal, ‘Equality of treatment’, at 536. 234 Ibid, at 536. 235 Ibid. 236 …”

Reasons for restricted approach S. 279-291

„… essentialise the experience of persons. Giving preferential treatment to a White woman does mean that all women …” „… are treated the same, or that all women are benefiting from this preferential treatment …” „… , the treatment of women of colour. This question can certainly not be answered by looking at how White …”

Issues not addressed S. 228-229

„… treatment that could not have favoured multidimensional claims. It was only in 2000, i.e. shortly before the …” „… children and to ensure the effective enjoyment of equal access to education.349 A high level of racial …”

Identifying the socio-context S. 333-335

„… in the existing legal framework for the equal treatment of persons is however an approach that to a …”

Intersectionality revisited S. 53-61

„… embedded and woven into their efforts against racism, classism, and other threats to their access to equal …” „… gender, class, race, warns against homogenising social categories, and attributing the same treatment to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227825

Haxhi Gashi - A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

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Haxhi Gashi

A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 66 2013

Results in this title

Equal Treatment S. 127-128

„… incompatible ratione materiae.46 4.2.3 Equal Treatment Former owners have attempted to invoke Article 14 of …” „… the Convention on the grounds that domestic legislation violated their right to equal treatment and …” „… national minority, property, birth or other status.” This article aimed at creating equal treatment before …”

The Impact of UN Acts and the Practice of the UN Human Rights Committee Related to the Restitution Issue S. 129-133

„… guarantees equal treatment before the law for all persons. The scope of Article 26 of the Convention does not …” „… regarding restitution cases, when it comes to the question of equal treatment for all persons before the law …” „… , in the sense that it violates equal treatment before the law. In this review the HRC explained the …”

The Differences on the Basis of Various Implementations of the Rules of the Relevant Conventions to Equal Protection before the Law to all Persons S. 133-135

„… guarantee the right to restitution of property but it guarantees equal treatment before the law for all …” „… post-communist states was not considered as equal treatment for all former owners. Consequently, the HRC …” „… applicant/complainant for equal treatment under Article 26 of the ICCPR.86 Furthermore, it is recommended that in …”

The Need to Resolve the Restitution of Property of the Former Owners S. 203-204

„… equal treatment of all citizens before the law. The issue of regulation of property relations and equal …” „… Protocol 12 of the ECHR for equal treatment of all citizens before the law. The clarification of property …” „… for equal treatment of the citizens before the law, an obligation arising from Article 14 of the ECHR …”

Conclusions S. 135-138

„… 135fiscated property, violates the right of the applicant/complainant for equal treatment under …” „… legislation in order to ensure equal treatment and protection for all persons. This obligation arises from the …” „… without discrimination have had equal protection before the law. 4.5 Conclusions The intention of …”

Opportunities of Resolving the Restitution Problem S. 204-206

„… of the ECHR for equal treatment of all citizens before the law. The clarification of property rights …” „… for equal treatment of the citizens before the law, an obligation arising from Article 14 of the ECHR …” „… equal treatment before the law. 7.4.7.2 Compensation The restitution issue in Kosovo is complicated …”

Ratione Materiae S. 124-127

„… legislation violated their right to equal treatment and protection under the law, by denying the return of …” „… .” This article aimed at creating equal treatment before the law to all citizens without discrimination …” „… signatory of the Convention.29 The review admission is always carried out on the basis of treatment of …”

Documents to Verify the Ownership Title S. 200-203

„… possession. An equal treatment before the law to the possessor and the owner was provided by the Law on …” „… equal treatment of all citizens before the law. The issue of regulation of property relations and equal …” „… treatment of all citizens and the issue of restitution is an obligation that was charged against the states …”

Contents S. 11-18

„… Ratione Materiae 124 4.2.3 Equal Treatment 127 4.2.4 Duty to Restitute 128 4.3 The Impact of UN Acts and …” „… Restitution and Treatment of Property Rights of Former Owners in some Post-Communist Countries with a …” „… 3.3 Restitution and Treatment of Property Rights of Former Owners in Post-Comunist Countries with …”

„… nationalization or expropriation on equal terms, it does not discriminate against those whose property was …” „… compensation on equal terms.”81 The HRC has avoided assessing the legislation as discriminatory if all of the …” „… as objective and reasonable treatment.82 4.4 The Similarities and Differences of the Decisions of the …”

Socially Owned Apartments and Construction Land S. 186-187

„… . 187ate discrimination regarding equal treatment of the citizens before the law, which would be in …” „… restitution (denationalization) which will create equal treatment for all former owners. This property is not …”

General Conclusions S. 206-224

„… equal treatment of all individuals and organizations. Hungary recognized the rights of the citizens for …” „… equal treatment before the law. This argument was rejected by the Strasbourg Bodies which concluded that …” „… , will have an effect on equal treatment of the all before the law in the future regardless of P1-1 …”

Introduction S. 21-30

„… materiale. The chapter also provides some insights into the ECtHR cases related to equal treatment of all …” „… rights of former owners and the treatment of property rights of employees? Can the right of all citizens …” „… elements of the rule of law are closely related and require joint treatment. In the literature there are …”

Privatization Process under the Privatization Agency of Kosovo S. 187-189

„… 187ate discrimination regarding equal treatment of the citizens before the law, which would be in …” „… restitution (denationalization) which will create equal treatment for all former owners. This property is not …”

The Influence of International Instruments for the Protection of Private Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property: Its Effects in Cases of Restitution S. 116-119

„… restitution right for religious organizations. Consequently, the restitution issue and its treatment during …” „… : “All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without discrimination to the equal protection …” „… equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, color, sex, language …”

Overview S. 119-121

„… into force 23 March 1979. 5 ICCPR, Article 26: “All persons are equal before the law and are entitled …” „… without discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect the law shall prohibit any …” „… discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground …”

Background S. 196-197

„… discriminating the citizens regarding equal treatment before the law, which may be a violation of the European …” „… (res judicata). 7.4 The Treatment of the Former Owners’ Claims Regarding Restitution of Property 7.4.1 …”

The Lack of Legal Framework for Resolving the Restitution Issue S. 197-198

„… uncovered. This may result in discriminating the citizens regarding equal treatment before the law, which …” „… evidence.35 The above situation creates confusion and unequal treatment of all citizens before the law by …”

Croatia S. 110-113

„… advanced the equal treatment of all when it introduced a special legislation on temporary occupance and …” „… post-communist country in which privatization began along with the treatment of property restitution issue of …” „… allowed. The economic perspective could change the treatment of restitution in kind, or other sorts of …”

Ratione Temporis S. 121-124

„… Article 14 of the Convention for violation of the right on equal treatment before the law on the grounds …” „… studies regarding the restitution but outside or with little attention and focus on their treatment by the …” „… the basis of treatment of restitution cases in accordance with legal conditions that provides domestic …”

Arguments for Privatization S. 31-37

„… privatization of the key economic sectors,2 this had an impact on the treatment of the socialist economy as well …” „… products and their prices. In an economy with competition, producers and consumers enjoy equal access to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249650

Peter Kindler, Jan Lieder - European Corporate Law

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Peter Kindler (ed.), Jan Lieder (ed.)

European Corporate Law

2021

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Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 4 Equal treatment of shareholders S. 895-896

„… Article 4 Equal treatment of shareholders The company shall ensure equal treatment for all shareholders …” „… general meeting. Article 4 SRD sets out another key principle1 of the SRD. That is the equal treatment of …” „… 288 para. 3 TFEU (→ Art. 17 mn. 2). Like other European regulations on the principle of equal …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 85 Equal treatment of all shareholders who are in the same position S. 387-390

„… ) emphasises that such derogations shall be without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of …” „… of equal treatment, as, inter alia, laid down in Article 85. VIII. Direct Application Article 84 (3 …” „… . → Intro Art 44 mn. 64). The same does not apply to Article 84 (1) and (2). Article 85 Equal treatment of …”

Article 60 Acquisition of own shares Jan P. Brosius S. 286-297

„… . 64). Article 60 Acquisition of own shares 1. Without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 V. Equal Treatment and Market Abuse …” „… equal treatment for all shareholders”.16 The acquisition of own shares goes along with a certain …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 3 General principles S. 985-988

„… . General Principles The general principles of Art 3 are the principle of equal treatment Art 3 (1)(a), the …” „… of equal treatment (Art 3 (1) (a)) Art 3 (1) (a) holds that all holders of securities of an offeree …” „… company of the same class must be afforded equal treatment. The aim of the principle is to ensure that e.g …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 3 k Review S. 895

„… Article 4 Equal treatment of shareholders The company shall ensure equal treatment for all shareholders …” „… general meeting. Article 4 SRD sets out another key principle1 of the SRD. That is the equal treatment of …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 72 Increase in capital by consideration in cash S. 346-358

„… manifestation of the principle of equal treatment.2 It “enables shareholders to avoid the fraction of the …” „… represents an application of the principle of equal treatment.13 However, the scope of Article 72 reaches …” „… beyond the principle of equal treatment as its provisions also apply where the right of pre-emption has …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 84 Derogation from certain requirements S. 382-387

„… first subparagraph shall be without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of shareholders. I …” „… principle of equal treatment of shareholders. This clarification has been added not before the very end of …” „… circumstances violate the principle of equal treatment, as, inter alia, laid down in Article 85. VIII. Direct …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 3 j Transparency of proxy advisors S. 891-895

„… Equal treatment of shareholders The company shall ensure equal treatment for all shareholders who are in …” „… meeting. Article 4 SRD sets out another key principle1 of the SRD. That is the equal treatment of all …” „… Chapter Ib as foreign law (Fremdenrecht). However, there is no provision for unequal treatment of the …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 73 Decision by the general meeting on reduction in the subscribed capital S. 358-360

„… reduction pursue two main purposes. One is to guarantee the equal treatment of shareholders and their …” „… principle of equal treatment pursuant to Article 85.7 In the view of the Commission, the impact of the …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 c Transparency and approval of related party transactions S. 943-959

„… ; (e) transactions offered to all shareholders on the same terms where equal treatment of all …” „… authority.95 Equal treatments (point (e)) Finally, transactions offered to all shareholders on the same …” „… terms that ensure equal treatment of all shareholders and protection of the interests of the company may …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 81 Redemption of the subscribed capital or its reduction by withdrawal of shares in case of several classes of shares S. 376-378

„… principle of equal treatment of shareholders as laid down in Article 85. This principle does not require to …” „… amount equal to the nominal value or, in the absence thereof, to the accountable par of all the redeemed …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 5 Protection of minority shareholders, the mandatory bid and the equitable price S. 994-999

„… shareholders and their equal treatment and in doing so also further the uniformity of the European capital …” „… voting rights of the company. The holders of securities who sell their shares later shall be given equal …” „… treatment. Further protection (Art 5 (6)) Art 5 (6) leaves it to the Member States to create more protection …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 80 Reduction in the subscribed capital by the withdrawal of shares acquired by the company itself or on its behalf S. 374-376

„… principle of equal treatment of shareholders as laid down in Article 85. This principle does not require to …” „… these cases an amount equal to the nominal value or, in the absence thereof, to the accountable par of …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 Right to ask questions S. 914-919

„… requirement of equal treatment pursuant to Article 4 SRD (→ Art 4), which also extends to equal treatment with …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 d Draft terms of cross-border conversions S. 404-413

„… requirement focusses on accomplishing the principle of equal treatment of all shareholders in the company …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Treatment of holders of special rights …” „… company from the register in the departure Member State. Treatment of holders of special rights Point (e …”

Index S. 1029-1055

„… , 8 – employee participation 86d 7, 29 – employment conditions 86d 27 – equal treatment of …” „… Entrepreneurial company (Germany) Intro 145 Entrepreneurial freedom of design Intro 17 Equal treatment 85 1 ff …” „… consideration IV 3 12 – minimum requirements IV 3 2, 14 – overview IV 3 1, 6 – principle of equal treatment …”

Tobias de Raet Article 119 Definitions S. 594-598

„… the principle of equal treatment in Article 10 of the SE Regulation,5 an SE is among those companies …” „… operation, but equal to (cross-border) mergers by acquisition (cf. Article 119(a)) and mergers by formation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 84 382 Equal treatment of all shareholders who are in the same position …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 3 k 895 CHAPTER II GENERAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS Equal treatment of shareholders …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 17 Addressees S. 976-979

„… and fair procedure (equal treatment of the shareholders, → Art. 3 mn. 7), as well as the adherence to …”

Jan P. Brosius Foreword to Arts 44-85 S. 204-223

„… , a predominant element of shareholder protection is the principle of equal treatment of shareholders …” „… principle of equal treatment to all shareholders (Article 85). It follows from the above that, in general …” „… (equal treatment to shareholder). Due to their generality of application, it would have been preferable …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Introduction S. 979-981

„… mn. 4) and especially the creation of a transparent and fair procedure (equal treatment of the …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 83 Voting requirements for the decisions of the general meeting S. 380-382

„… first subparagraph shall be without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of shareholders. I …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 74 Reduction in the subscribed capital in case of several classes of shares S. 360-362

„… Article 68 (3), an application of the principle of equal treatment of shareholders.2 This principle does …”

Article 59 No subscription of own shares S. 283-286

„… . 64). Article 60 Acquisition of own shares 1. Without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 6 Information concerning bids S. 999-1003

„… voting rights of the company. The holders of securities who sell their shares later shall be given equal …” „… treatment. Further protection (Art 5 (6)) Art 5 (6) leaves it to the Member States to create more protection …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 5 Information prior to the general meeting S. 896-902

„… 288 para. 3 TFEU (→ Art. 17 mn. 2). Like other European regulations on the principle of equal …” „… treatment, Article 4 SRD contains an inherent restriction. In particular, it only concerns shareholders who …” „… of treatment are permissible.8 Therefore, the granting of multiple or maximum voting rights is …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 14 Documents and particulars to be disclosed by companies S. 125-129

„… ) does not infract the freedom of property, speech, occupation, the principle of equal treatment, or the …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 857-863

„… different stakeholders”. Further key regulatory ideas of the SRD are the principle of equal treatment of …” „… II).9 As a result, the SRD only provides Member States with requirements for the treatment of listed …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 i Protection of members S. 434-445

„… set of rules across Member States and against the principle of equal treatment of shareholders39, one …” „… respect (point (b) of Article 86 j (1)). In fact, a different treatment of members appears inappropriate …” „… of the company’s corporate governance, treatment of holders with non-voting shares in the converted …”

Tobias de Raet Article 133 Employee participation S. 680-686

„… resulting from the cross-border merger has its registered office. This guarantees equal treatment with …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 68 Decision by the general meeting on the increase of capital S. 330-339

„… (3) is based on the principle of equal treatment.36 The necessity of a separate vote for each class …”

Hanno Merkt Accounting and Auditing Law of the European Union S. 809-835

„… a group of equal subsidiaries managed on a unified basis, Art 22(7). The rationale of consolidated …” „… 40 establishes the treatment of PIE as large undertakings irrespective of their size. Chapter 10 (Art …” „… on accounting treatments or audit procedures shall not be proper grounds for dismissal, Art 38(1 …”

Peter Kindler Introduction S. 1-65

„… rights to workers employed in that country does not breach equal treatment or freedom of movement if the …” „… Commune II (1969), 239 et seq; for comprehensive treatment, see Bayer and Habersack (eds), Aktienrecht im …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279909

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