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Victoria Asaba Chege - Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

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Victoria Asaba Chege

Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 118 2011

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

Acknowledgements S. 5-6

Foreword S. 7-8

Table of Contents S. 9-16

List of acronyms and abbreviations S. 17-22

Research question S. 23-26

Growth of grounds and multidimensionality S. 26-28

Multidimensionality and the principle of equality and non discrimination S. 28-31

Research objective S. 31-32

Methodology S. 32-34

Methods S. 34-36

Structure S. 36-37

Shortcomings and limitations S. 37-39

Ethnic minority women S. 39-41

Equality and equal treatment S. 41-42

Multidimensionality, intersectionality and additivity S. 42

Background S. 43-45

Conceptual structure: Additive and intersectional discrimination S. 45-51

Assessment of conceptual structure S. 51-53

Intersectionality revisited S. 53-61

Canada S. 76-85

Evaluation and conclusion S. 85-88

Germany S. 89-91

The United Kingdom (UK) S. 91-94

General background S. 94-96

Germany S. 96-113

The United Kingdom S. 113-121

Reasons associated with immigrants S. 121-124

External barriers S. 124-129

Preliminary remarks S. 129-130

Effects of gender and ethnicity S. 130

Intra-group differences S. 130

Need for a religious dimension? S. 130-131

Beyond race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex? S. 131

Reasons for disadvantage: Beyond discrimination S. 131-133

Position of ethnic minority women beyond education and the labour market S. 133-134

Nationality provisions S. 135-136

Racial or ethnic origin S. 142-150

Religion or belief, disability, age, sexual orientation S. 150-155

Interim assessment S. 155-156

Concept of discrimination S. 156-164

Personal scope S. 164

Material scope S. 164-166

Enforcement S. 166-170

Exceptions S. 170-176

Interim findings S. 176-177

Assessment and challenges S. 177-178

Provisions on multidimensionality S. 179-182

Conceptual structure S. 182-189

The inconsistent levels of protection S. 189-205

Enforcement S. 205-217

Peculiarities of EU equality law S. 217-220

Pre 2000 S. 220-222

Post 2000 S. 222-226

Possible reasons for the lack of attention S. 226-228

Issues not addressed S. 228-229

Final remarks S. 229-230

Legislative framework S. 231-250

Approach of UK Courts S. 250-256

Legislative framework S. 256-270

German courts S. 270-276

Legislative framework S. 276-279

Approach of courts S. 279

Reasons for restricted approach S. 279-291

Conclusion S. 291-292

Introducing a provision on multidimensionality S. 293-317

Addressing inconsistencies S. 317-326

The concepts and conceptions in equality law S. 326-333

Identifying the socio-context S. 333-335

Redressing the social context through anti-discrimination law S. 335-338

Beyond equality law – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European Employment Strategy (EES) S. 338-347

Concluding remarks S. 347-348

Conclusion and final theses S. 349-376

Table of cases S. 377

Literature S. 377-412

Annex S. 413-416

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227825

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