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Angelika C. Dankert - Europe under Pressure

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Angelika C. Dankert

Europe under Pressure

Series: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge aus dem Tectum Verlag: Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 93 2017

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3 The European Union S. 5-10

„… The European Union Etymological Origin Apart from the myth about the Phoenician princess ‘Europa …” „… , 2014). The Treaty of Maastricht, which is also referred to as ‘Treaty on European Union’ (acronym: TEU …” „… : Three-Pillar Structure of the Union). The Treaty gave European citizens uniform rights and citizenship values …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Pressure The Development of the European Union under the Influence of the Arab Spring, the Refugee Crisis …” „… the European Union under the Influence of the Arab Spring, the Refugee Crisis and the Global Threat …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3 The European Union …”

10 European Outlook S. 95-102

„… EU-decision-makers is challenged further, as Euro-skepticism and Union-frustration caused anti-European movements and …” „… politics (Glencross, 2014). The critical reality remains: Europeans know little about how the Union works …” „… 2013), causing inability to act as Union, resulting in a relative lethargy of the so-called European …”

8 Interculturality, Multiculturalism, Cultural Relativism and Compatibility Issues S. 67-94

„… Glossary) is shaped by culture. Defining European Values according to the TEU The European Union is founded …” „… European values exclusively to ensure the continued existence of what the Union is built upon? Or is …” „… actually wearing the burka in the European Union. The estimate in Germany is between 300 and 3,000, but no …”

6 Legal Issues Concerning the Migrant Crisis S. 27-58

„… European Union (Kenealy/Peterson, 2015). Including Schengen associated countries, but non-EU member states …” „… biggest achievements of the Union and it is irreversible (European Commission, n.d.: 3). However, there is …” „… sea supervision to secure the Union internally (European Commission, 2016 b). These pre-defined …”

Bibliography S. 159-176

„… ., & Lequesne, C. (2013). The Member States of the European Union (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press …” „… . In E. Jones, A. Menon, and S. Weatherill (eds), The Oxford Handbook of The European Union (p. 306–317 …” „… and Cultures (8th edition). Essex: Pearson Education Limited. European Union (2014). How the European …”

Glossary S. 107-112

„… state of the European Union according to Article 17 (1) TEU and someone who is not covered by point 5 of …” „… become member states of the European Union, resulting in 28 member states in 2016 (Homewood, 2014 …” „… (top-down) process, whereby national systems adopt EU policies, while shaping the body of the European Union …”

11 Conclusion S. 103-106

„… Conclusion The European society moves closer together these days, not necessarily as Europeans but …” „… rough times, the commitment to European values, as core of the European Project, becomes increasingly …” „… and the ones to come. Despite the Union’s tremendous evolution, additional improvements and further …”

5 EU – Challenge 2016 S. 21-26

„… the effects of globalization: united in living in a global village. The European Union faces new …” „… destabilization of countries across the region, challenges the European Union in foreign and inner politics on a …” „… European population gets the impression that national and Union interests are conflicting. Combined with a …”

2 Methodological Approach S. 3-4

„… of the European Union under the influence of the Arab Spring, the refugee crisis and the global …” „… knowledge on the ‘European Union’ and the ‘Arab Spring’ in chapters 3 and 4. The paper introduces the topic …” „… supranational entity. Roles and tasks of European institutions are defined and the Union’s goals are portrayed …”

7 The Global Threat of Terrorism S. 59-66

„… and Anonymous Over the last years, the European Union has been exposed to a continuously growing level …” „… facilitated data exchange are prerequisites of a sustainable European Union facing security issues. The …” „… a chronological overview of terrorist attacks in European countries over the last three years. There …”

Annex S. 115-158

„… Union’ and entered into force in 1993. The Treaty establishing the European Economic Union was amended …” „… European integration (Glencross, 2014). Beyond economic goals, the Union pursued also political motives in …” „… every person holding the nationality of a European member state should be citizen of the Union. The …”

1 Introduction S. 1-2

„… Introduction The tragedy of World War II led to the creation of the European Union, still in its …” „… citizens free movement within a borderless Union. The European consciousness of being ‘united in diversity …” „… foreigners, refugees and migrants in Europe. The European Union is on the move, and for predicting Europe’s …”

List of Annexes S. 113-114

„… List of Annexes Annex A Treaty of Maastricht 115 Annex B Three-Pillar Structure of the Union 116 …” „… Frameworks on Migration and Mobility 131 Annex M Europeanization vs. European Integration – A short …” „… Populist Parties in European Parliamentary Election 157 List of Annexes 114 …”

4 The Arab Spring S. 11-20

„… . The feeling of never-ending oppression by geographical borders imposed by the major European forces in …” „… Caliphate and the threat of ISIS, to comprehend which kind of violent group actually threatens the Union by …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828866881

Klaus Weber, Henning Ottmann - Reshaping the European Union

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Klaus Weber, Henning Ottmann

Reshaping the European Union

2018

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Klaus Weber VII. European Nation State versus European Union S. 295-338

„… European Nation State versus European Union Klaus Weber One of the most frequently forwarded theses …” „… ). 1. 1.1 VII. European Nation State versus European Union 296 In a state system phase, the states face …” „… . European Nation State versus European Union 298 characteristics that distinguished Europe from the “Rest …”

Klaus Weber I. History of the European Union S. 30-67

„… History of the European Union Klaus Weber History might contribute to uncover what went wrong with …” „… the development of the European Union (EU). This point is particularly important since one of the main …” „… countries and East Germany. The Western European I. 9 In this book, the designation European Union is …”

Klaus Weber X. Proposals for a Reshaped European Union S. 384-437

„… Proposals for a Reshaped European Union Klaus Weber In this chapter, a variety of proposals is …” „… being presented how to reshape the future European Union (EU). The chapter starts with the suggestions …” „… suggestions made by other authors will be considered. Previous Suggestions for a Future European Union A …”

Klaus Weber VI. Defects of the Existing European Union S. 264-294

„… Defects of the Existing European Union Klaus Weber So far, the discourse in this book has led to a …” „… European Union 266 does not justify the principally huge disadvantage which the citizens of the large …” „… the Council and the European Parliament. VI. Defects of the Existing European Union 268 general …”

Henning Ottmann VIII. Models for a Future European Union S. 339-360

„… Models for a Future European Union Henning Ottmann The Poet Heinrich Heine once wrote: ‟When I …” „… muse on what happens to the European Union (EU). The EU has encountered many problems: a bureaucracy …” „… for a Future European Union 340 tions appear attractive to them. World powers do not actually need a …”

Klaus Weber III. Structure and Functioning of the European Union S. 99-141

„… Structure and Functioning of the European Union Klaus Weber According to Article 13 of the Lisbon …” „… Treaty, the “institutional framework” of the European Union (EU) consists of seven institutions: European …” „… Union, European Central Bank (ECB), and Court of Auditors. The first five of these institutions had …”

Klaus Weber IX. The People and the Making of the European Union Treaties S. 361-383

„… The People and the Making of the European Union Treaties Klaus Weber The Treaties of the European …” „… (2006 a: 90-98). IX. The People and the Making of the European Union Treaties 362 This chapter focuses …” „… popular sovereignty. Public Participation and Popular Sovereignty in the European Union As chapter I …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-19

„… and Henning Ottmann History of the European UnionI. 30 Klaus Weber Origins of the European Community1 …” „… and Goals10. 93 Conclusion11. 96 Structure and Functioning of the European UnionIII. 99 Klaus Weber …” „… Existing European UnionVI. 264 Klaus Weber The Ambiguity of the Ever-Closer-Union Clause1. 264 Challenge of …”

References S. 438-458

„… , Jeffrey J. 2014. The European Union, the Soviet Union, and the End of the Cold War. In: Desmond Dinan (ed …” „… .) Origins and Evolution of the European Union, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 255-273. Archibugi …” „… George & Simon Bulmer. 2011. Politics in the European Union, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press …”

Klaus Weber IV. The European Court of Justice – a Controversial Institution? S. 142-182

„… Treaties of the European Union (EU) have established the European Court of Justice (ECJ) as independent …” „… would mean a challenge for Union and national courts (see Craig 2013: 154). Legal Order of the European …” „… deprived of its character as (European) law and without the legal basis of the (Union ) itself being called …”

Klaus Weber II. Basic Issues S. 68-98

„… ” concerning “specific policies” (von Weizsäcker et al. 1999: 12). Verfasstheit of the European Union The …” „… by the king.” 2. Verfasstheit of the European Union 71 tion” for such a demos “does not exist …” „… “in a democratically demanding sense, the European Union does not have any pouvoir constituant”.36 …”

Subject Index S. 463-470

„… , 151-153, 156-158, 166, 179-181, 347 Union of European Federalists 32 Union of European Parliamentarians 32 …” „… Western civilization: see principles Western European Union 19, 43 Western nation state 277, 298, 302, 324 …” „… Balanced view of the (European) nation state 22, 29, 296, 337, 436 Baltic States 11, 205-206, 222, 257 Bank …”

Klaus Weber V. Eurosystem and Eurozone Crisis S. 183-263

„… European Union (EU) in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s. Several EU member states did not participate in …” „… European monetary union would be a failure if it was not accompanied by a couple of convergence measures …” „… creation of the European monetary union began well ahead of the German unification which started with the …”

Introduction S. 21-29

„… , later called the European Union (EU), has experienced a period of integration over decades. The …” „… Introduction Klaus Weber and Henning Ottmann Since its foundation in 1951, the European Community …” „… integration stood under the motto of the “ever closer union”. The ever-closer-union clause has been included …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845287201

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… duly?harsh?(i.e.?disproportionate).?As?in?many?other?fields?of?law,?human?rightsare?playing?a?growing?role?in?doping?disputes.?This?trend?is?evident?both?in?CASjurisprudence?and?in?recent?case?law?of?national?courts.?290Doping and European UnionThe?European?Union?has?also?shown?a?great?interest?in?doping.?In?1975 …” „… ?field?of?their?competence?(sporting?community,?states,?international?organizations,?European?Union …” „… The?activity?of?the?European?Union?regarding?doping?in?general?and?OlympicGames?of?Athens?in?specific?is?clear?after?all?that?has?been?mentioned?above.?However,?even?though?at?the?two?last?Olympiads?the?incidents?of?doping?were?increasedand?some?of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… rts???Treaties.?Each?category??is?introduced?by?a?short?abstract?and?engrossed?by?articles.The?European?Union?is?the?largest?contained?living?space?in?the?world.?Europeis?home?to?more?than?495?million?people.?Sport?is?an?important?cultural?elementand?is?one?of …” „… ? inschools,?sport?clubs?or?other?sport?facilities.?Hence?sport?is?the?biggest?social?movement?in?the?Member?States?of?the?European?Union …” „… .?The?obligations?undertaken,?in?virtue?of?the?Host?City?Contract,?by?the?city?ofAthens?and?hence?by?the?Greek?government,?as?developed?above,?reasonably?raisesthe?question?of?the?relation?between?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?thelaw?of?the?European?Union,?which?is?applied?in?Greece?integrally319?The?importancethat?the?European?Union?attaches?to?the?development?of?the?sports?phenomenon,318 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… xpansion?of?Community?action?in?the?field?of?sport,?but?also?the?willof?the?Union?to?converse?with?the?sports?movement.The?study?of?the?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?allows?to?understandthe?way?the?law?of?the?European?Union …” „… ?Olympics?werefrom?Europe?and?the?three?of?them?from?the?European?Union …” „… ?is?attached?to?the?final?act?of?the?conference?during?which?the?Amsterdam?Treaty?was?voted.?The?said?declaration?stresses?the?social?significance?of?sport?andinvites?the?institutions?of?the?European?Union?to?take?into?consideration?the?particularitiesof?amateur?sport.152nities'? organs.329 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and External Relations S. 200-201

„… ? tobring?improvements?to?the?employment?market?situation?in?the?European?Union …” „… ?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international,?are?determined?to?dosomething?about.?The?public?authorities?in?particular?have?taken?steps?to?stem?thesedevelopments.While?European?sport?can?be?proud?of?its?record?and?stand?as?a?reference,?theEuropean?Union?has?never?made?sport?a?component?of?its?external?relations.?The200 …” „… ort?has?been?completely?absent?from?the?European?Union …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… ?of?theUnion?provides.,?as?was?expressed?in?the?part?II?of?the?European?Constitution?draftis?not?about?the?roman?arean?obviously?but?prohibits?the?transformation?of?the?human?body?to?a?resource?of?profit.The?freedom?of?thought,?consciousness?and?religion?(article?II-10?of?the?Charter),the?cultural,?religious?and?linguistic?variety?(article?II-22 …” „… ?of?the?European?Constitution?Draft?and?mentions?that?the?Union?contributes?to?the?promotionof?European?objectives? in? the?sporting? field,? in …” „… ? the?framework?of?its?social?andeducational?function.?The?action?of?the?Union?involves?the?aims?of…h)developingthe?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC law and self-identity/specificity of sport S. 174-175

„… ?Sport?Review,for?example,?identifies?several?characteristics?of?sport?in?Europe?which?allegedlyconstitute?this?model:?a?pyramid?structure?of?organization?allowing?for?democraticfunctioning?and?a?certain?degree?of?solidarity?between?members,?combined?withopen?competitions.398The?European?Union …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… ,?which?was?rich?in?sporting?organizations,?including?the?Euro?2004?in?Portugaland? the?Athens?Olympics,?was? proclaimed? as? the? European? year? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport, Justice and Home affairs policy S. 201-202

„… ort?has?been?completely?absent?from?the?European?Union …” „… policyThe?policy?field?of?Justice?and?Home?Affairs?deals?with?the?concept?of?the?EuropeanUnion?(EU)?as?an?area?of?freedom,?security?and?justice?as?enshrined?in?the?Treatyof?Amsterdam.201In?view?of?the?increasingly?important?international?dimension?of?spor …” „… ts,?the?freemovement?of?people?and?workers?constitutes?an?essential?basis?for?sporting?activities?within?the?EU?but?also?as?more?and?more?Europeans?take?advantage?of?theirrights?to?move?freely?around?the?European?Union?(EU)?either?for?business?or?personal? reasons,? the? need? for? greater? cooperation? between?national? police …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The White Paper on sport S. 175

„… ?Sport?Review,for?example,?identifies?several?characteristics?of?sport?in?Europe?which?allegedlyconstitute?this?model:?a?pyramid?structure?of?organization?allowing?for?democraticfunctioning?and?a?certain?degree?of?solidarity?between?members,?combined?withopen?competitions.398The?European?Union …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… The White Paper on sportThe?European?Commission?released?on?the?11th?July?2007 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… The?Union?is?to?contribute?to?the?promotion?of?sporting?issues?while?taking?account?of?thespecific?nature?of?sport,?its?structures?based?on?voluntary?activity?and?its?social?and?educational?function.?The?Union?is?to?develop?the?European …” „… ports?is?a?big?step?towards?the?recognition?of?the?European?sports?structures.?We?hope?these?norms?are?applied?soon.?The?Sports?and?Olympic?movements?expectthis?specificity?to?be?included?in?the?treaty?of?the?European?Union?soon,?and?they?will?guardits?application”.396 Van de Bogaert,?op?cit.172 …” „… ,?the?Commission?nowadays?still?oftenhas?to?use?its?imagination?to?find?an?appropriate?legal?basis?for?any?given?action?ormeasure?in?the?area?of?sport.393to?adopting?a?pan-European?sports?policy?has?beenopened?wide.The Constitutional Treaty …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… ?Sport?Review,for?example,?identifies?several?characteristics?of?sport?in?Europe?which?allegedlyconstitute?this?model:?a?pyramid?structure?of?organization?allowing?for?democraticfunctioning?and?a?certain?degree?of?solidarity?between?members,?combined?withopen?competitions.398The?European?Union …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… The White Paper on sportThe?European?Commission?released?on?the?11th?July?2007 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… nctioned?by?the?European?Union?and?the?nationalConstitutions.?A?considerable?law-producing?activity?of?the?states?raised?the?au-59 The?concept?of?Olympism?is?defined?in?the?Olympic?Chapter?and?will?be?examined?below.60 …” „… tonomy?of?the?sports?movement?to?a?pivotal?issue.?This?issue?becomes?even?moreacute?in?view?of?a?forthcoming?Olympic?organization?by?a?Member?State?of?theEuropean?Union.?Such?is?the?case?of?Greece,?where?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004will?be?held?in?Athens.The interest of modern states in sportIn?the?20 …” „… public?according?to?the?French?public?law?theory.?Correspondingly,?the?European?Union …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and equal opportunities S. 199-200

„… opportunitiesThe?European?Union?has?a?long?tradition?of?promoting?equality?between?womenand?men?(gender?equality).?This?is?enshrined?in?the?Treaty?and?has?been?since?1957.?Be?that?as?it?may,?two?dates?in?the?recent?past?represent?milestones:• 1996 …” „… ? tobring?improvements?to?the?employment?market?situation?in?the?European?Union …” „… ?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international,?are?determined?to?dosomething?about.?The?public?authorities?in?particular?have?taken?steps?to?stem?thesedevelopments.While?European?sport?can?be?proud?of?its?record?and?stand?as?a?reference,?theEuropean?Union?has?never?made?sport?a?component?of?its?external?relations.?The200 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… ? greatchance?for?Europe?to?develop?the?idea?of?the?European?participative?democracy.380 …” „… eady?involved?in?this?level?in?the?framework?of?the?Europe?of?cities?andthe?European?Networks?policy.It?has?to?be?ascertained,?therefore,?whether?the?effort?of?the?synthesis/composition?between?the?EC?law?and?the?IOC?law,?which?started?and?finished?in?Athens,will?continue?with?the?same?success?during?the?second?attempt?of?London?in?2012.Sport: a …” „… t?this?issue,?seethe?website?of?the?British?union?of?philosophy?on?sport?http://www.britishphilosophyofsport.paisley.ac.uk/philsport.html?and?the?website?of?the?international?union?of?the?philosophy?of?sport?http://www.iaps.paisley.ac.uk/newsletter.html.?Also?see?Farantos G.,?Prefaceof?Theory-Philosophy?of?Sport?(in?Greek),?Telethrion?Athens,?1996 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… ?and?the?institutions?of?the?European?Union,?in?particular,are?called?upon?to?take?into?consideration?the?particularities?of?amateur?sport.181 …” „… orts?associations,?provided?the?contractsconfer?upon?them?a?specific?status.?Moreover,?as?part?of?this?effort,?the?MemberStates?shall?have?to?confer?a?specific?status?upon?the?sports?associations401.It?is?evident?that?the?European?Union …” „… The?European?Union?demonstrates?special?concern?for?anti-doping?issues.?S.?also?at?http://europa.eu.int//eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0643en01.pdf.182 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… Chapter?10Athens: the first European Host City in the European TerritoryThe Bid …” „… ance?with?the?European?Integration.?This?historical?challengeseems?to?find?its?essence?in?the?facts?which?show?the?essence?of?the?rules?and?themeanings.?The?European?dimension?of?sport?is?materialized?in?the?first?Europeanhost?city?during?the?first?Olympic?Games?of?Athens,?making?the?community?rulesthe?rules?of?the?Games?of?the?21 …” „… d?persons?that?participate?in?the?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Employment policy S. 200

„… ? tobring?improvements?to?the?employment?market?situation?in?the?European?Union …” „… ?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international,?are?determined?to?dosomething?about.?The?public?authorities?in?particular?have?taken?steps?to?stem?thesedevelopments.While?European?sport?can?be?proud?of?its?record?and?stand?as?a?reference,?theEuropean?Union?has?never?made?sport?a?component?of?its?external?relations.?The200 …” „… .Developments?in?sport?in?Europe?and?the?branches?of?the?economy?which?stemfrom?this?activity?(e.g.?the?sports?articles?industry)?have?in?recent?years?producedan?increase?in?the?employment?potential?of?this?sector,?although?it?does?vary?considerably?from?one?Member?State?to?another.?The?European?Commission?has?provided?support?for?a?study?of?the?sports-related?employment?market?in?Europe,?alongwith?projects?pursued?under?its?employment?policy?and?as?part?of?the?implementation?of?general?directives.Sport and External …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ?approachto?the?sports?phenomenon?that?was?consistent?with?the?basic?principles?of?the?European?Union?law.208The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic CharterThe?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… ?highlighted?the?absence?of?the?European …” „… ?found?unions?at?prefectural?level.?In?turn,?unions?had?the?possibility?tofound?leagues?or?federations?at?national?level.The?organization?of?amateur?and?professional?sport?is?today?governed?by?Law2725/1999?(Government?Gazette,?121/A?),?which?declares?and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… EducationTraining?and?vocational?training?are?among?the?priority?sectors?for?which?the?European?Commission,?on?the?basis?of?Articles?149?and?150?of?the?Treaty?on?EuropeanUnion,?organises? supporting?action.? In? so?doing? it? does …” „… opportunitiesThe?European?Union?has?a?long?tradition?of?promoting?equality?between?womenand?men?(gender?equality).?This?is?enshrined?in?the?Treaty?and?has?been?since?1957.?Be?that?as?it?may,?two?dates?in?the?recent?past?represent?milestones:• 1996 …” „… ,?the?European?Commission?ordered?that?ticket?sales?through?the?Internetfor?the?Athens?Olympic?Games?should?include?other?means?of?payment?than?onlyVisa?Cards.?As?to?Euro?2004?of?football,?which?took?place?in?Portugal,?there?wereno?reported?cases?o …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Convention of Human Rights S. 141-143

„… The?activity?of?the?European?Union …” „… zens.?Even?if?it?is?argued?that?European?Union?shouldnot?have?a?horizontal?effect?and?therefore?should?not?be?applicable?to?doping?regulation,?it?is?stated?that?these?rights?do?have?a?horizontal?effect?(?ECHR?6?),?whichmeans?that?the?court?should?apply?the?European?rights?to?private?relationships.299 …” „… ? the?cases?concerned?citizens?of?EU?member?states,?no?communityinterest?and?no?cooperation?with?the?competent?sporting?authorities?was?noticedrecently.Doping and European Convention of Human …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Internal Market S. 201

„… ort?has?been?completely?absent?from?the?European?Union …” „… policyThe?policy?field?of?Justice?and?Home?Affairs?deals?with?the?concept?of?the?EuropeanUnion?(EU)?as?an?area?of?freedom,?security?and?justice?as?enshrined?in?the?Treatyof?Amsterdam.201 …” „… ?million.??So?the?Commissionalready?has?albeit?limited?experience?of?supporting?sports-related?projects?in?thedeveloping?countries,?particularly?through?the?MEDA?programme.?It?thus?helpedto?enhance?the?image?of?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… J.,?European?Law:?two?Swimmers?Drown?the?“Sporting?Exception”,? in? The? International? Sports? Law? Journal,? p.? 118.? See? also?Zen-Ruffinen P./Schweitzer P …” „… ?did?not?directly?deal?with?the?matter?of?the?validity?of?the?sports?lawrules?despite?the?fact?that?the?regulations?of?the?Union?Cycliste?International?(UCI)were?submitted?for?scrutiny?in?the?ECJ.?More?specifically,?the?question?posed?tothe?ECJ?was?whether?the?provisions?of?the?EC?Treaty?(articles?12,?39,?49 …” „… ? laid?down?by?the?Union?CyclisteInternational?(UCI)?according?to?which?the?stayed?and?the?pacemaker?taking?partin?an?international?competition?have?to?be?of?the?same?nationality.?It?was?pointedout-?as?already?mentioned?above-?that?sport?is?subject?to?EU?law?as?long?as?it?constitutes? an?economic? activity.?More? specifically,? according? to? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… orts?associations,?provided?the?contractsconfer?upon?them?a?specific?status.?Moreover,?as?part?of?this?effort,?the?MemberStates?shall?have?to?confer?a?specific?status?upon?the?sports?associations401.It?is?evident?that?the?European?Union …” „… The?European?Union?demonstrates?special?concern?for?anti-doping?issues.?S.?also?at?http://europa.eu.int//eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0643en01.pdf.182The?Committee?of?Ministers?has?adopted?on?24?September?1992 …” „… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ofthe European Union, notwithstanding the sporting reasons put forward by the federations to justify …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,2003,?p.104.365 Ibid.366 Case?C-176/96 …” „… ?the?rules?requiring?discrimination?on?the?basis?of?nationality?in?European?Club?football?competitionswere?found?to?violate?Article?39 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… and European UnionThe?European?Union?has?also?shown?a?great?interest?in?doping.?In?1975 …” „… doping.?So,?a?draconian?legislation?has?been?taken?into?action?in?order?to?abolishdoping?methods?at?a?national,?international?and?European …” „… ?the?European?Ministers?adopted?a?European?Charter?Map?against?doping,?in?which?they?werecommitted?to?take?measures?against?doping.?In?1989?in?Strasburg?the?member-statessigned?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Olympic Games of the European UnionNomosBUT_Skouris_6372-9.indd 3 27.09.11 09:451. Auflage 2011 …” „… Chapter?7 134Doping 134General 1348The?International?respond 135Doping?and?European?Union 137 …” „… An?overview 44Athens:?the?first?European?Host?City?in?the?European?Territory 46The?Greek?sprinters?scandal 47 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… K.,?Can?Sport?be?regulated?by?Europe:?an?Analysis?of?alternative?Models.?Professionalsport? in? the?European?Union …” „… R.,?Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,?2003.Paul …” „… ., (eds.),?The?European?Union?and?Sport:?Legal?and?Policy?Documents,T.M.C.?Asser?Press,?The?Hague,?2000.Silance L.,?Les?sports?et?le?droit,?Paris-?Bruxelles,?1998.Silance …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community law S. 182

„… orts?associations,?provided?the?contractsconfer?upon?them?a?specific?status.?Moreover,?as?part?of?this?effort,?the?MemberStates?shall?have?to?confer?a?specific?status?upon?the?sports?associations401.It?is?evident?that?the?European?Union …” „… The?European?Union?demonstrates?special?concern?for?anti-doping?issues.?S.?also?at?http://europa.eu.int//eur-lex/en/com/pdf/1999/com1999_0643en01.pdf.182 …” „… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The hosting of the Games, the regulations and the institutions S. 15-16

„… ?the?role?of?union?of?states,?like?the?European?Union.?Therefore,?the?termphiloxenia-hosting?poses?the?question:?who?is?the?friend?and?who?is?the?stranger?15The importance of sporting events for the international …” „… ? topromote?was?the?contribution?of?the?European?Union …” „… ?is?bringing?Europe?and?fair?play?in?theinternational?scene?again.?However,?Athens?was?the?first?city?which?promoted?theEuropean?character?of?the?Games,?since?the?Olympiad?of?2004?was?the?first?onewhic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The interest of modern states in sport S. 59-60

„… tonomy?of?the?sports?movement?to?a?pivotal?issue.?This?issue?becomes?even?moreacute?in?view?of?a?forthcoming?Olympic?organization?by?a?Member?State?of?theEuropean?Union …” „… public?according?to?the?French?public?law?theory.?Correspondingly,?the?European?Union …” „… ?is?interested?in?every?possible?way?in?achieving?arationalization?in?the?relations?between?private?sports?organizations?and?states.?TheCouncil?of?Europe?has?the?same?concern.?Besides,?the?coordinate?interest?shownby?the?states,?the?European?Union …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… St.,?Anti-doping?revisited?-?the?demise?of?the?rule?of??purely?sporting?interest??,in:?European?Competition?Law?Review?2006,?Szyszczak E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in:European?Law?Review?2007.377 Weatherill …” „… empt.So.?Europe?will?have?the?chance?to?explore?much?more?drastically?through?theorganization?of?one?more?Olympiad?the?European?dimension?of?sport.?Questing?forits?new?identity,?Europe?finds?in?sport,?a?field?which?appeals?to?millions?of?people378 Silance L.,?Statut?Juridique?des?participants?aux?jeux?Olympiques,?in?Klamaris N./Bredimas …” „… ? constitutes? a? greatchance?for?Europe?to?develop?the?idea?of?the?European?participative?democracy.380 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… nctioned?by?the?European?Union?and?the?nationalConstitutions.?A?considerable?law-producing?activity?of?the?states?raised?the?au-59 The?concept?of?Olympism?is?defined?in?the?Olympic?Chapter?and?will?be?examined?below.60 …” „… , ?Union?Royal?Belge?des?Sociétés?deFootball?association?ASBL?vs?Jean?Marc?Bosman?etc.55 …” „… ialization?of?sport.Today,?sport?is?an?activity?of?considerable?economic?weight,?which?is?perceived?bythe?legislative?systems?of?sport?associations,?of?states?and?of?the?European?Unionas?convergent?at?some?points?and?divergent?at?others62.The?economic?cha …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Remarks S. 230-232

„… ity?law,?being?undera?privileged?status?due?to?its?recent?accession?at?that?time.?The?Greek?State?choseto?be?subjected?to?this?test?and?stage?an?Olympiad?that?should?comply?with?the?termsand?rules?of?the?European?Union …” „… .?This?venture?was?neither?easy,?nor?self-evident,since?the?IOC,?whose?headquarters?are?in?Lausanne,?does?not?come?under?the?lawof?the?European?Union?and? the?previous?Olympic?organizations?were?staged …” „… ?rules?(public?contracts?–?environmentalprotection?etc.)?with?those?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?put?to?the?proof?for?thefirst?time?in?a?European?country,?since?Barcelona,?where?the?Olympic?Games?of1992?were?staged,?was?not?bound?to?fully?respect?the?Commun …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… ? topromote?was?the?contribution?of?the?European?Union …” „… ?is?bringing?Europe?and?fair?play?in?theinternational?scene?again.?However,?Athens?was?the?first?city?which?promoted?theEuropean?character?of?the?Games,?since?the?Olympiad?of?2004?was?the?first?onewhic …” „… pluralismA?system?of?rules?which?interact?among?them?shows?the?character?of?these?relations.The?supranational?unions,?the?states,?sport,?the?unions,?the?people?are?all?taking?partin?this?system?and?through?the?required?overcome?of?the?rules,?their?application?andeffectiveness?is?tested.32 Analytically?in?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/athens2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… The?great?European?interest?in?sport?derived?up?to?a?great?extent?from?the?factthat?a?great?percentage?of?the?population?is?connected?to?it?and?financially?dependenton?it.386 …” „… ?Sporting?unions …” „… ,?even?more?that?the?political?parties,?connect?the?Europeancitizens?with?permanent?links.?Taking?into?account?the?great?publicity?of?the?sporting?events?and?their?promotion?by?the?mass?media,?one?can?easily?understand?thereasons?why?the?coexistence?of?the?EU?and?sport?could?be?excessively?successful.Nowadays?that?the?EU?tries?to?unify?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and EU law S. 168

„… The?great?European?interest?in?sport?derived?up?to?a?great?extent?from?the?factthat?a?great?percentage?of?the?population?is?connected?to?it?and?financially?dependenton?it.386 …” „… ?Sporting?unions …” „… ,?even?more?that?the?political?parties,?connect?the?Europeancitizens?with?permanent?links.?Taking?into?account?the?great?publicity?of?the?sporting?events?and?their?promotion?by?the?mass?media,?one?can?easily?understand?thereasons?why?the?coexistence?of?the?EU?and?sport?could?be?excessively?successful.Nowadays?that?the?EU?tries?to?unify?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… ? of? affecting? the? national? unions,? constitutes? a? global …” „… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law?Kluwer?Academic?Publishers,?The?Hague,2003.64The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to theforming of …” „… a European perception about sportsBeyond? the? community? organs? there? are?more? European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… EducationTraining?and?vocational?training?are?among?the?priority?sectors?for?which?the?European?Commission,?on?the?basis?of?Articles?149?and?150?of?the?Treaty?on?EuropeanUnion,?organises? supporting?action.? In? so?doing? it? does …” „… ,?a?system?of?quota?allocation?of?ticket?for?eachcountry?was?set.?The?European …” „… ls?of?selling?tickets?through?the?web?andthe?selling?of?tickets?via?the?NOCs?within?the?European?Economic?Area.?Under?theamended?provisions?the?NOCs?were?entitled?to?sell?the?tickets?in?lower?prices?thantheir?nominal?value,?if?they?wanted?to?do?so.?After?these?amendments,?the?Commission?ended?up?with?the?conclusion?that …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and New technologies S. 202-203

„… ?take?advantage?of?theirrights?to?move?freely?around?the?European?Union?(EU)?either?for?business?or?personal? reasons,? the? need? for? greater? cooperation? between?national? police …” „… In?view?of?the?increasingly?important?international?dimension?of?sports,?the?freemovement?of?people?and?workers?constitutes?an?essential?basis?for?sporting?activities?within?the?EU?but?also?as?more?and?more?Europeans …” „… ? forces,customs?services?and?legal?systems?is?set?to?increase?enormously.The?violence?surrounding?some?recent?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… imits?to?the?autonomy?of?the?Olympic?Movement?are?set?by?the?Treaty?onEuropean?Union?in?the?framework?of?a?European?Olympic?organization,?accordingto?the?European?Court?of?Justice?and?the?national?Constitutions.?The?autonomy?ofthe?mission? of? the?Olympic?Movement? cannot? infringe? upon? the …” „… ?the?European …” „… Sports?Charter,?which?bears?many?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day?the?Committee?of?Ministers?adopted?the?Code?of?Sports?Ethics?–?FairPlay,?including?definitions?of?ethical?principles?as?well?as?a?definition?of?pair?play.The?Council?of?Europe?takes?active?part?in?the?protection?and?development?ofsport?and?recently,?during?the?9th?Conference?of?European?Ministers?responsiblefor?Sport?‘A?Clean?and?Healthy?Sport?for?the?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… ?and?the?institutions?of?the?European?Union,?in?particular,are?called?upon?to?take?into?consideration?the?particularities?of?amateur?sport.181 …” „… democracy,?as?long?as?it?claims?to?be?a?participial?one,?can?do?nothing?but?attachemphasis?on?the?sporting?phenomenon.The?European …” „… of?people.The?cities?of?the?Olympic?organizations?are?not?only?units?of?a?state’s?structure/framework?any?more,?but?a?part?of?the?EC?territory.?That?is?why?the?EC?law?nowclaims?an?active?role?for?itself?within?the?framework?of?the?People’s?Europe?andthe?policy?of? the?European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… . The?courtdecided?that?there?was?not?an?inconsistency?to?the?European?Union?rules?since?itwas?based?on?public?policy?and?security?reasons,?nor?was?it?disproportionate,?since,according?to?the?court?very?firm?measures?were?justified?to?confront?the?varioussickening?ills?of?football?violence.?The?progressive?nature?of?the?legislation?from1986 …” „… N.,?Divisional?Court,?Football?Banning?Orders:?Compatibility?with?European?Unionand?Human?Rights?Law,?in?JoCL?65?(451)?3,?Blackshaw I.,?Football?Hooligans?and?HumanRights,?in?151?NLJ?p.?1562,?Sudre …” „… re?is?asystematic?effort?to?lift?the?autonomy?of?sporting?rules?and?the?state?rules?and?alsoan?effort?to?achieve?a?unified?regulation?at?a?European?level.The?most?attractive?subject-matter?of?modern?sport?is?claimed?by?both?the?privateauthorities?and?the?state?action.?The?Olympic?Movement?can?do?nothing?but?facethis?reality?of?the?20 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova List of Key Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… Tribunal?Arbitral?du?SportUEFA Union?des?Associations?Européennes?de?FootballUNESCO …” „… European?Commission?against?Racism?and?IntoleranceEOC European?Olympic?CommitteesFAI Football?Association?of?Ireland?(Dublin)FFA …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ports?law,?which?is?expressed?by?its?submission?to?ahierarchic?structure?of?rules,?like?the?case?of?the?aforementioned?judgment.?Thiseffort?is?confirmed?by?the?Report?from?the?Commission?to?the?European?Councilwith?a? view? to? safeguarding?current? sport? structures?and?maintaining? the …” „… e?the?relative?rules?among?their?legislation?or?cooperate?viacontracts?with?the?sporting?organizations,?through?which?they?would?mutually?agreeon?a?certain?regime.?Also,?within?the?framework?of?this?effort,?member?states?shouldapply?certain?legal?regime?to?the?sporting?clubs/unions.The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rulesIn? every …” „… A.,?Sport?and?the?EC?Treaty:?a?tale?of?uneasy?bedfellows?,in?European?Law?Review?2006.164 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The contemporary exercising body S. 31-33

„… ?is?equalizedto?its?development?with?the?structure?of?these?unions,?which?has?a?prominent?globalcharacter.?Clubs,?Unions,?federations?and?international?federations?under?the?dominance?of?the?IOC?constitute?an?institutional?organization?which?starts?from?the?localunit?and?extends?to?the?international?dimension?of …” „… th?century.?Also,?humanbody?did?not?bother?the?law?so?much.?Only?some?moral?dilemmas?induced?a?legislative?intervention.Modern?sport,?being?organized?in?private?law?partnerships/unions …” „… ment?and?produces?the?scenicalperformance?of?the?world?as?a?theatrical?drama?within?the?territory?of?the?states?orthe?state?unions …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… , ?Union?Royal?Belge?des?Sociétés?deFootball?association?ASBL?vs?Jean?Marc?Bosman?etc.55 …” „… n?the?whole?world?is?greatly?based?on?its?associational?organization,?in?unions?of?people?which?exist?in?order?to?facilitate?the?sportingexercise.?Particularly?the?fact?that?these?unions …” „… ? internationalinstitutions?and?unions …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… R.,?Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,Manchester?University?Press,?Manchester?and?new?York?2003,?p.?117?et?seq.408 …” „… An,?Sport?and?EC?Treaty:?A?tale?of?uneasy?bedfellows?,in?European?Law?Review?2006,?Mournianakis …” „… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The innovative Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 S. 43-44

„… ?are?the?first?Games?whichwere?organized?by?a?member?state?of?the?European?Union?under?a?regime?of?absoluteof?application?of?the?Community?Law.?The?previous?Olympiad?organized?in?theEU?territory?was?the?one?of?Barcelona?in …” „… territory?and?during?a?period?that?the?effort?for?European?integration?is?increasinglyintense.?It?is?very?interesting?to?examine/investigate?the?way?that?the?organizationof?the?Olympics?by?Athens,?as?an?EC?territory?is?dealt?with.?Indeed,?it …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organization S. 57

„… , ?Union?Royal?Belge?des?Sociétés?deFootball?association?ASBL?vs?Jean?Marc?Bosman?etc.55 …” „… ? in?Europe?is?based?traditionally?on?the?organization?structure?ofregional?associations.?At?national?level?these?associations?form?federations.?Eachsport?is?organized?as?part?of?thematic?and?national?federations,?which?are?joined?atEuropean? level? and? constitute? the? so-called? ‘sports?movement’56.?The?OlympicMovement57 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova A state regulatory framework for sport S. 63-64

„… between?national?and?international?rules?of?law.?Each?legal?order/jurisdiction?decides?about?the?power/validity?of?its?rules?based?on?its?constitutional?provisions.The?Olympic?Movement,?having?a?powerful?international?character,?but?also?apotentiality? of? affecting? the? national? unions …” „… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law?Kluwer?Academic?Publishers,?The?Hague,2003.64 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… ?are?the?first?Games?whichwere?organized?by?a?member?state?of?the?European?Union?under?a?regime?of?absoluteof?application?of?the?Community?Law.?The?previous?Olympiad?organized?in?theEU?territory?was?the?one?of?Barcelona?in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… ? AthensOlympics?poses?relative?questioning?as?well?as?the?restrictions?on?personal?data.Also,?it?should?not?be?forgotten?that?frequently?the?Olympics?lead?to?the?existenceof?cameras?in?public?places?in?the?European …” „… uropean?Union …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ? organs.?Thestructure?of?the?Olympic?Charter?is?reminiscent?of?the?structure?of?modern?constitutions.?Itcomprises?initially?the?fundamental?principles,?then?its?organizational?schemes?and?finally?thejudicial?system.?It?regulates?the?total?of?the?relations?of?individuals,?unions?and?athletes?in?the5 …” „… ?constitutes?therefore?a?multiple?challenge?since?it?intensifies?the?classical?memories?ofthe?Olympic?Movement?in?the?body?of?a?European?developing?city.2217 The?constitutional?principles?of?the?IOC?and?the?environmental?protection?(article?2,13 …” „… .The?Olympic?Chapter?was?followed?by?the?Council?of?Europe?by?the?introduction?of?a?Treatyabout?the?fair?play.?The?European?Chapter?on?Sport?has?already?been?adopted?at?the?level?ofministers?committee?on?14/9/1992 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Michèle Knodt, Sigita Urdze - Caucasus, the EU and Russia - Triangular Cooperation?

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Michèle Knodt (ed.), Sigita Urdze (ed.)

Caucasus, the EU and Russia - Triangular Cooperation?

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 92 2016

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Sigita Urdze, Michèle Knodt The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus: Assessing European actions S. 75-98

„… : Council of the European Union/Council of the European Communities/Council and Representatives of the …” „… 75 The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus: Assessing European …” „… neighbours as well as their relations to the European Union. Georgia and Azerbaijan can be said to have …”

Michèle Knodt, Sigita Urdze The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus: Explaining European actions S. 99-120

„… 99 The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus: Explaining European …” „… actions Michèle Knodt and Sigita Urdze The European Union began its activities in the South Caucasus …” „… Volkswagen Foundation for financing the project “European Union External Democracy Promotion in the South …”

Ghia Nodia The European Union, Democratic Values and Geopolitical Competition: The Roots of Confusion and Failure S. 211-228

„… 211 The European Union, Democratic Values and Geopolitical Competition: The Roots of Confusion and …” „… European Union from 2002 to 2010, the EU represents a superior, post-modern political order that is to be …” „… wanted to transform the very nature of European political architecture. The European Union, Democratic …”

Aron Buzogany The external dimensions of the ‘capabilities-expectations gap’: The role of public opinion in EU-Georgia relations S. 189-210

„… European Union should aim to develop a zone of prosperity and a friendly neighbourhood […] with whom the …” „… European Union enjoys close, peaceful and co-operative relations based on shared values principally within …” „… Crisis: External Perceptions of the European Union, Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan. Börzel, Tanja …”

Tracey German Conflict and Cooperation in the South Caucasus S. 59-74

„… , formally signed an Association Agreement with the European Union (EU), which envisages far closer …” „… and the European Union: seeking to cooperate The growing interest of the West, particularly European …” „… do tariffs matter? Evidence from the customs union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, European Bank …”

Elsevar Mammadov EU-Azerbaijan cooperation within the Eastern Partnership and other frameworks: The view from Azerbaijan’s foreign policy perspective S. 153-164

„… policy perception of its relations with the European Union (EU) under different EU-led instruments …” „… European Union 2009). Within the framework of the Eastern Partnership, the EU and Azerbaijan have …” „… of the European Union 2009: Joint Declaration of the Prague Eastern Partnership Summit, available at …”

Levan Kakhishvili Georgia – the Choice: The Perceived West-Russia Dichotomy in Georgian Politics S. 165-188

„… hesitate to enter into an Association Agreement with the European Union (EU) under the framework of the …” „… . The European Union is well known by the Georgian people. We will do everything to make Georgia a …” „… transfer of power since Georgia attained its independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union …”

Chiara Loda Perception of the EU in Armenia: A view from the government and society S. 131-152

„… two actors were defined in the EU/Armenian Action Plan (AAP) of 2006 (European Union External Action …” „… the document “Armenia. EU Country Roadmap for Engagement with Civil Society 2014–2017” (European Union …” „… . europeanforum.net/country/armenia [accessed on 14 March 2015]. European Union External Action 2006: EU/armenia action plan …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Knodt The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus: Assessing European …” „… actions 75 Michèle Knodt and Sigita Urdze The European Union’s external democracy promotion in the …” „… EU-Georgia relations 189 Ghia Nodia The European Union, Democratic Values and Geopolitical Competition …”

Michèle Knodt, Sigita Urdze Introduction: Triangular relations between the Caucasus, the EU and Russia S. 13-20

„… pro-Western orientation, and it signed the Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union, including the …” „… between Armenia and the European Union were proceeding well, and Armenia almost signed the AA. However …” „… European Union’s perspective on the South Caucasus region is the topic of two analyses presented by …”

Birgit Wetzel Caucasia and its Geostrategic Importance: Energy poker in Caucasia S. 121-130

„… after the collapse of the Soviet Union that Europe and the USA were permitted to take a closer look at …” „… Eastern and Central Europe, beginning in the last decades of the Soviet Union and continuing through …” „… Union in 1989. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the Central Asian states of Georgia, Azerbaijan and …”

Alexey Gunya, Timur Tenov, Murat Shogenov, Aslan Chechenov Analysis of governance strategies in the North Caucasian republics with respect to conflict regulation and development S. 37-58

„… Caucasus and the response capabilities of the European Union” (http://www.issiceu.eu). Alexey Gunya …” „… , unions and blocs) would like to simplify the situation for the convenience of governance, control and …” „… very closely related. The laws on municipal administration adopted many elements of the European …”

Uwe Halbach The North and South Caucasus – separated or interlinked? S. 21-36

„… the European Union, Russia tried to strengthen its alliance with Abkhazia against Georgia through a …” „… – Former Soviet Union Political File, 19.02.2011. BBC Monitoring 2011b: Anti-Russian rally held in Georgia …” „… on anniversary of Caucasus deportations, BBC Monitoring Global Newsline – Former Soviet Union …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845257402

Astrid Epiney, Marcel Haag, Andreas Heinemann - Die Herausforderung von Grenzen - Le défi des frontières - Challenging boundaries

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Astrid Epiney (ed.), Marcel Haag (ed.), Andreas Heinemann (ed.)

Die Herausforderung von Grenzen - Le défi des frontières - Challenging boundaries

2007

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Peter L. Vesterdorf Democracy, efficiency and the European Union S. 175-196

„… 175 Democracy, efficiency and the European Union Peter L. Vesterdorf * Democracy, efficiency and …” „… the European Union Peter L. Vesterdorf A. Introduction Having worked for some years in the European …” „… the European Union fraught with doubt and anxiety as to the future of the Union as the would-be …”

Florian Bieber Lessons from the European Union for Institutional Design in Multinational States S. 275-285

„… Mehrebenensysteme und europäische Rechtsordnung 277 Lessons from the European Union for …” „… Institutional Design in Multinational States Florian Bieber* Florian Bieber Lessons from the European Union …” „… for Institutional Design in Multinational States As the European Union has increased its foreign …”

Francis Jacobs Between Luxembourg and Strasbourg: Dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice S. 205-214

„… Treaty on European Union, which came into force in 1993. Article 6(2) of that Treaty provides that the …” „… arrangement is that, although the European Union must respect the Convention, on the one hand it cannot be …” „… proceedings brought against the European Union’s Member States. A solution would be for the Union to accede …”

Samantha Besson, André Utzinger European Citizenship Across Borders S. 627-644

„… national polity, the introduction of a citizenship of the European Union (EU) within the European Union …” „… the Union cit- 1 * Respectively: Professor of Public International Law and European Law and …” „… shaped and how should it be developed in the future (section D)? B. European Union citizenship today I …”

Bruno Nascimbene European Citizenship and Third-Country Nationals. Recent Trends on the Definition of the European Status Civitatis S. 704-722

„… of the European Union and of the status of third-country nationals requires, by way of introduction …” „… the European Union submitted to the European Parliament (1984)1 began to take shape. With the Treaty …” „… of Maastricht (1992), which establishes the European Union and amends (inter alia) the EC Treaty …”

Bibliographie Roland Bieber S. 857-865

„… : Constitutional Law of the European Union (avec Maiani, 400 p., Deventer/Londres (Kluwer). 858 Bibliographie c …” „… . Justice and Home Affairs in the European Union (avec J. Monar), 280 p., Bruges (Collège D’Europe) 1995. 8 …” „… (Schulthess) 1995. 9. Constitutional Law of the European Union (Recueil de textes), 381 p., Baden-Baden …”

Jiří Zemánek The European Arrest Warrant at the Czech Constitutional Court: fundamental rights not affected S. 831-842

„… part of the Union acquis3 – European Arrest Warrant, European Freezing Order, European Confiscation …” „… 831 The European Arrest Warrant at the Czech Constitutional Court: fundamental rights not affected …” „… Jiri Zemanek* Jiri Zemanek The European Arrest Warrant at the Czech Constitutional Court A. The …”

Alison McDonnell The Hierarchy of Norms in EU Law – Empowering and controlling the Commission S. 372-386

„… a hierarchy of legal acts in the European Union: simplification of legal instruments and procedures …” „… – this may be founded, as far as the Treaty on European Union is concerned, on Article 47 TEU, stating …” „… adopted by the Community Institutions themselves. C. Hierarchy of European Union and Community acts I …”

Karel De Gucht Enlargement: Past and Future S. 485-492

„… , the European Union is a means to grow rich, and that alluring feature will continue to inspire …” „… Together with the euro and the Constitution, enlargement has been the main theme of European debate during …” „… . On the one hand, enlargement has been rightly praised as the Union’s finest achievement, as the most …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… 167 Peter L. Vesterdorf Democracy, efficiency and the European Union 175 Grundrechte Pierre Engel La …” „… 17 Mehrebenensysteme und europäische Rechtsordnung Florian Bieber Lessons from the European Union …” „… de 1972 611 Binnenmarkt und Unionsbürgerschaft Samantha Besson/André Utzinger European Citizenship …”

Anne Peters Typology, Utility and Legitimacy of European Soft Law S. 405-428

„… Beveridge/Sue Nott, A Hard Look at Soft Law, in: Craig/Harlow (eds.), Lawmaking in the European Union, 1998 …” „… : Forms and Constitutional Limitations, in: Winter (ed.), Sources and Categories of European Union Law: A …” „… soft law acts in id., xxxi. 42 Example: Green Paper on Mortgage Credit in the European Union, COM …”

Wolfgang Wessels Mehr als nur marginalisierte Mitspieler? Kommunen im Mehrebenensystem der Union S. 447-458

„… . generell Wessels, W./Maurer, A./Mittag, J. (Hrsg.), Fifteen into One? The European Union and Member States …” „… . 205; Vgl. Klausen, K. K., Conclusion: Local Government and the European Union, in: Goldsmith/Klausen …” „… 447 Mehr als nur marginalisierte Mitspieler? Kommunen im Mehrebenensystem der Union Wolfgang …”

Autorenverzeichnis S. 851-856

„… European Union Law at the University of Macerata, Italy Ninon Colneric Prof. Dr., ehem. Richterin am …” „… Professor of European Union law at the University of Milan Thomas Oppermann Professor Dr. iur. Dres. h.c …” „… Samantha Besson Professor of Public International Law and European Law, University of Fribourg Florian …”

Waldemar Hummer Vom »Außendienst« der Gemeinschaften zum »Europäischen Auswärtigen Dienst« im Vertrag über eine Verfassung für Europa S. 493-527

„… erstellten Bericht »Council of Europe – European Union: A Sole Ambition for the European Continent« vom 11 …” „… Union gehört zu den ganz wesentlichen Integrationsfortschritten der Verfassung (. . .) Es handelt sich …” „… ). »The establishment of the European Foreign Service is one of the most complex institutional …”

Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann International Integration Law and Multilevel Constitutionalism S. 429-437

„… throughout Europe and beyond. – 23 Since the 1990s, it became official European Union (EU) policy to include …” „… , Human Rights Conditionality in the European Union’s International Agreements (2005). 24 Yet, also in …” „… devoted most of his professional and academic career to European integration law and multilevel …”

Gerhard van den Berge Une évaluation des chances de succès des négociations en vue de l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’Union européenne – un point de vue européen S. 459-473

„… de l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’Union européenne – un point de vue européen Gerhard van den Berge …” „… l’aune du nombre de ses membres et de ceux qui souhaitent le devenir, l’Union européenne est un succès …” „… ainsi à vingtcinq le nombre d’Etats membres de l’Union européenne. Le sixième élargissement – la …”

Kieran St. C. Bradley Delegated Legislation and Parliamentary Supervision in the European Community S. 286-301

„… Powers in the European Union and the Committee System, Oxford University Press, 2005, and the …” „… mittee25 opined in the introduction to its final report of 15 February 2001 that »the European Union’s …” „… 286 Delegated Legislation and Parliamentary Supervision in the European Community Kieran St C …”

Martin Killias The European Arrest Warrant – How Efficiency Led to Ignore Diversity S. 801-811

„… system’s (and the European Union’s) legitimacy. Taking for granted that the EAW will be fully operative in …” „… within the European Union11. However, if confidence and mutual recognition are, apparently, seen as …” „… 801 The European Arrest Warrant – How Efficiency Led to Ignore Diversity Martin Killias* Martin …”

Petros C. Mavroidis It’s alright ma, I’m only bleeding (A comment on the Fedon jurisprudence of the Court of First Instance) S. 548-558

„… Control of International Relations of the European Union, in: Cannizzaro (Ed.), The European Union as an …” „… Fox, European Union Law, 2nd edition, 2002. It’s alright ma, I’m only bleeding 557 DSU). This is the …” „… was pending, the case-law is typical of the restrictive manner in which the European Courts have …”

John Usher The Court of Justice of the EU and the Jurisdiction of other International Tribunals S. 599-610

„… 605 ing UK constituency, consistent with the law of the European Union.« There was therefore a clear …” „… Treaty. This issue was recently considered by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in …” „… States may be party to a separate treaty with its own judicial organ, such as the European Convention of …”

Frank Emmert Market Economy, Democracy, or Rule of Law – What Would You Pick, if You Had to Choose? S. 104-116

„… http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/democracy_and _governance/; and the approach taken by the European Union as reflected in the Joint statement by …” „… Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on European Union Development Policy: ›The European …” „… 2004, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 321-334. Specifically on the European Union’s efforts at promoting democracy …”

Christian Calliess »Tous pour un, un pour tous« – Die Solidaritätsklausel des Art. I-43 der Europäischen Verfassung als Ausdruck eines allgemeinen europäischen Solidaritätsprinzips? S. 302-315

„… Epaminondas A. Marias, Solidarity as an Objective of the European Union and European Community, Legal Issues …” „… Nicolaides, Elusive Solidarity in an Enlarged European Union, Eipascope 2003, 19. 21 Marias (Fn. 4), 85, 98 …” „… Europäischen Union, in: von Bogdandy/ Kadelbach (Hrsg.), Solidarität und europäische Integration. Kolloquium …”

Martin Bangemann Europäische Integration und Politik der Globalisierung. Ein Vergleich S. 21-36

„… Policy of the European Union, Edward Elgar 2003 und Lucas Bergkamp, European Law for the New Economy …” „… Ausgestaltung der Europäischen Union eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Dies geht so weit, dass manche Beobachter dem …” „… Ausgestaltung der Union also nach Art der Paulskirchen- Verfassung des Jahres 1848 einer parlamentarischen …”

Bruno De Witte Les frontières du marché: la place des valeurs non marchandes dans la législation sur le marché intérieur S. 754-768

„… ), Accountability and Legitimacy in the European Union 2002, 201. 756 Bruno De Witte non économiques puissent …” „… European Union Law 2004, 19, 53 s. 10 L’article 51, paragraphe 1, de la Charte des Droits Fondamentaux …” „… Art within the European Union, CMLRev. 1997, 1173. Les frontières du marché 761 Traité dans son …”

Thomas Cottier, Samuele Scarpelli Die Legitimität des Europarechts S. 37-53

„… Wertegemeinschaft in der EU?, 2005, 215, 216 ff.; Frank Schimmelfennig, Legitimate Rule in the European Union. The …” „… , International Trade Regulation: Law and Policy in the WTO, the European Union and Switzerland, 2005. 53 Siehe …” „… Gemeinschaftsrechts der Europäischen Union? Unterliegt es den gleichen Ansprüchen wie das nationale Verfassungsrecht …”

Schelto Patijn, David Millar Working on the Direct Elections to the European Parliament (1973-1979) S. 159-166

„… come about? In the European Union it is impossible to look into that melting pot and then conclude who …” „… 159 Working on the Direct Elections to the European Parliament (1973-1979) Schelto Patijn/David …” „… Millar* Schelto Patijn/David Millar Working on the Direct Elections to the European Parliament …”

Helmut Schmitt von Sydow Die paneuropäische Energiegemeinschaft mit Südosteuropa S. 559-579

„… Union mit 15, 25 oder 27 Mitgliedern ist zu eng angesichts der wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen und …” „… Europäische Parlament, KOM(2007)1 v. 10.1.2007, 4. 3 Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of …” „… ff. 4 Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity, Interim Report, System Disturbance …”

Andreas Heinemann Interferenzen zwischen öffentlichem Recht und Privatrecht in der Wettbewerbspolitik S. 681-703

„… Competition Law Enforcement in the European Union – FIDE 2004 National Reports, 2004, 661 (688): »Public …” „… European Union – The EU-Law Influence on the National Law System of Sanctions in the European Area, 2004 …” „… the European Union – FIDE 2004 National Reports, 2004; Thomas Möllers/Andreas Heinemann, The …”

Barbara Wilson The Right to Know One’s Origins and the Margin of Appreciation of States: the Case of Jäggi v. Switzerland (ECHR) S. 262-274

„… Attorney Generals of Member States of the European Union, cited in Tulkens/ Donnay (note 30), 6; on the …” „… Appreciation of States A. Introduction Increasingly over the last few years, the European Court of Human Rights …” „… guaranteed by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights4 and, as such, merit an in-depth analysis …”

Ninon Colneric Die Rolle der Rechtsvergleichung in der Praxis des EuGH S. 316-323

„… of Justice of the European Communities. In: The Limitation of Human Rights in Comparative …” „… im Vertrag über die Europäische Union gefunden, dessen Artikel 6 Absatz 2 bestimmt: »Die Union …” „… Urteil vom 22. Oktober 2002, Rs. C-94/00, Slg. 2002, I-9011. 12 Interlocking legal orders in the European …”

Christa Tobler Die Rechtssachen M-1/05 und M-20/05 im Lichte der EuGH-Entscheidung Mangold S. 241-261

„… colleges in the Member States of the European Union have been unacceptably slow to promote women to the …” „… Grundlage eines internationalen juristischen Wettbewerbes für Studierende bilden, nämlich des European Law …” „… jener Staaten der Europäischen Freihandelsassoziation (European Free Trade Area, EFTA), welche dem …”

Thomas Fischer, Josef Janning Die Zukunft der europäischen Demokratie: Institutionalisierung von Differenz S. 117-136

„… Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union, 2006, 14ff. 59 European Commission, Eurobarometer 64. Public Opinion in …” „… the European Union, 2006, 98f. 60 Janis A. Emmanouilidis/Claus Giering/Almut Metz, Flexible …” „… auf, die rechtfertigen, insgesamt von einem unions-spezifischen Demokratiekonzept zu sprechen. 13 …”

Christine Kaddous A propos de la libre circulation des personnes en vertu de l’Accord entre la Suisse et l’Union européenne S. 528-542

„… Relations of the European Union, 2004, 236-243. 538 Christine Kaddous II. Invocabilité de l’ALCP La question …” „… 528 A propos de la libre circulation des personnes entre la Suisse et l’Union européenne Christine …” „… Les accords bilatéraux entre la Suisse et l’Union européenne de 1999 et de 2004 constituent un …”

Francesco Maiani La Suisse, le système de Dublin et l’influence du droit communautaire sur son droit d’asile S. 812-830

„… , Select Committee on the European Union, Asylum applications – Who decides?, 19e Rapport de la Session …” „… Seekers in the European Union, in: Guild/Harlow (éd.), Implementing Amsterdam: Immigration and Asylum …” „… fascinant. Spécialiste éminent du droit institutionnel et constitutionnel de l’Union européenne (UE …”

Gerhard Stahl In Vielfalt geeint: Wie kann das Europa der Staaten, Regionen und Bürger im globalen Wettbewerb bestehen? S. 438-446

„… können z.B. gute Ergeb- 5 In »Constitution Building in the European Union«, herausgegeben von Brigid …” „… Wettbewerb bestehen? A. Die Europäische Ausgangslage Die Europäische Union expandiert seit der Gründung der …” „… ausgedrückt: »But Monetary Union in itself already has a clear political dimension. The transfer of national …”

Marcel Haag Unionsbürgerschaft und Europäisches Wahlrecht S. 137-146

„… . Zu Hintergründen und Umfang der Aussetzung s. Max Uebe, Cyprus in the European Union, in: German …” „… wurde und zum anderen, dass die Unionsbürgerschaft nicht originär durch die Europäische Union verliehen …” „… die Unionsbürger Legitimationssubjekt der Europäischen Union und insbesondere des Europäischen …”

Anne Cornu La «nouvelle» compétence communautaire en matière pénale – Quelles conséquences pour les Etats membres de l’AELE? S. 784-800

„… touchant à la répartition des compétences en matière pénale au sein de l’Union européenne. Par cet arrêt …” „… explicitement attribuée à l’Union européenne (UE)1. Cet arrêt, qui bouleverse les compétences entre la CE et …” „… de la présente contribution sera de présenter l’évolution des compétences pénales dans l’Union …”

Enzo Cannizzaro On Some Recent Development in the Law of Community External Relations. Towards a Unitary Paradigm? S. 474-484

„… International Law and European Union Law at the University of Macerata, Italy. 1 Opinion 1/03 of 7 February 2006 …” „… april 1977, ›Draft agreement establishing a European laying-up fund for inland waterway vessels‹, [1977 …” „… See Council Decision 98/392/EC, of 23 March 1998, concerning the conclusion by the European Community …”

Mathias-Charles Krafft Quelques réflexions sur les aspects institutionnels de la navigation intérieure en Europe S. 356-371

„… (1868) sur le Rhin, voie navigable principale de l’Union3. La publication récente du Traité sur le droit …” „… communs obligatoires pour les Etats membres. 6 EFIN pour «European Framework for Inland Navigation». 7 Op …” „… agences européennes de régulation, il existe, dans le système juridique de l’Union européenne, de nombreux …”

Hans-Werner Rengeling Materiell-rechtliche Anforderungen im europäischen Stoffrecht S. 733-753

„… * Professor, Vorstandsmitglied des European Legal Studies Institute der Universität Osnabrück. 1 Die …” „… : Roland Bieber, in: in: Bieber/Epiney/Haag, Die Europäische Union. Europarecht und Politik, 6. Aufl. 2005 …” „… Union, KOM(2005) 97 endgültig vom 16.3.2005; vgl. auch Hans-Werner Rengeling, Überlegungen zur Qualität …”

Astrid Epiney Zum »Anwendungsbereich des Vertrages« in Art. 12 EGV – Einige Gedanken zu den Implikationen der Freizügigkeitsrechte der Unionsbürger – S. 661-680

„… Department: Further Cracks in the »Great Wall« of the European Union?, EPL 2005, 527 (536 ff.). 47 Hierauf …” „… , Unionsbürgerschaft und gleicher Zugang zu Sozialleistungen, ZaöRV 2004, 603 (606 ff.); Kay Hailbronner, Union …” „… .); Rosemarie Höfler, Europa auf dem Weg zu einer sozialen Union? Die EuGH-Rechtsprechung zu unionsrechtlichen …”

Daniel Thürer Libanon-Konflikt: Zur Struktur einer (völker)rechtlichen Argumentation S. 580-598

„… Weg zum Beitritt zur EMRK oder ein Grundrechtskatalog für die Europäische Union, in: Astrid Epiney …” „… »Europäischen Union« als »Rechtsgemeinschaft« hervor.7 Geht man davon aus, dass zwei Eigenschaften die Qualität …” „… ausgezeichnete Standardwerk Roland Bieber, Astrid Epiney und Marcel Haag, Die Europäische Union – Europarecht …”

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