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Marc Bungenberg, Jörn Griebel, Stephan Hobe, August Reinisch - International Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Stephan Hobe (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

International Investment Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… VII. Umbrella Clause Anthony Sinclair A. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Umbrella Clauses …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Other Similar Provisions That are Not Umbrella Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B. Overview of …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 d) Umbrella Clauses …” „… against uncompensated expropriation and probably an umbrella clause. As regards the level of detail, the …” „… in BITs are so-called umbrella clauses, while ‘free transfer of funds’ guarantees are regularly found …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… for the present analysis are so-called ‘umbrella clauses’. While the scope and wording of these …” „… concerning the umbrella clause is whether it covers obligations under State-investor contracts, such as …” „… umbrella clause.47 According to the ‘narrow’48 view the conclusion of a contract between the investor and …”

Richard Happ A. The Energy Charter Treaty S. 240-260

„… any other Contracting Party.’ This is an umbrella clause, making a breach of contractual obligations …” „… type are discussed in detail in the contribution ‘Umbrella Clauses’ by Sinclair.41 The wording of this …” „… umbrella is special: the clause applies to obligations entered into with an investor or its investment …”

André von Walter I. Investor-State Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law S. 80-92

„… intergovernmental investment protection treaties, of so called ‘umbrella clauses’, by which the contracting State …” „… techniques, arbitral and doctrinal developments, or the inclusion of umbrella clauses in international …” „… demonstrated by the diverging positions expressed in arbitral case law on the functioning of the umbrella …”

Arno Gildemeister V. Investment Law and Taxation S. 1677-1691

„… if the applicable treaty contains an umbrella clause.13 Treaty Clauses Requiring a Special …” „… accordance with the investment treaty. 9 See contribution by Anthony Sinclair, ‘Umbrella Clause’, ch. 8.VII …” „… , 18 April 2002, paras. 64 and 73. 13 On umbrella clauses, see Anthony Sinclair, ‘Umbrella Clause’, ch …”

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… treatment, full protection and security or – most importantly – an umbrella clause.2 Contracts may also be …” „… Anthony Sinclair, ‘Umbrella Clause’, ch. 8.VII., 887–958; see also Thomas Wälde, ‘The “Umbrella” Clause in …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… – umbrella clause Chapter 4 III A 34 energy efficiency Chapter 13 IV 1 energy resources Chapter 13 IV 2 …” „… Chapter 4 III D 10 – transparency Chapter 4 III D 48 – umbrella clause Chapter 4 III D 36 – uncertainty …” „… national treatment Chapter 8 I 159 – and umbrella clause Chapter 8 I 159 – arbitrariness Chapter 8 I 119 …”

Irmgard Marboe IV. Valuation in Cases of Breaches of International Law Unrelated to Expropriation S. 1082-1102

„… obligation, such as the fair and equitable treatment standard or an umbrella clause. Another issue to be …” „… equitable treatment’ standard and the umbrella clause by the tribunal.22 It explained that ‘compensation in …” „… umbrella clause,30 found that the cumulative nature of the breaches discussed here is best dealt with by …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… 164 Chester Brown 22 23 24 as the ‘umbrella clause’, in which the State parties agreed that they shall …” „… contained an ‘observance of undertakings’ clause, or ‘umbrella clause’, which provided that ‘Each Party …” „… . Article 7 also included the ‘umbrella clause’ as part of the same provision.176 Article 11 of the …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… Private Ordering: Function, Scope and Effect of Umbrella Clauses in International Investment Treaties …” „… . Commercial breaches of contractual commitments may however fall into the ambit of umbrella clauses. See …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

Andrew Newcombe B. The Americas S. 202-220

„… (so-called ‘umbrella clauses’) has varied over time. Early BIT models include the obligation to observe ‘any …” „… . Canadian FIPAs, unlike early US BITs, have never included an observance of undertakings or umbrella clause …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… and investments, f) other effective protection provisions, such as an ‘umbrella clause’, g) free …” „… international minimum standard). Regarding ‘umbrella clauses’, the Parliament 58 See the Council’s negotiation …”

Ulrich Klemm III. Financing of Foreign Direct Investment by Development Finance InstitutionsThis contribution is current as of July 2012. S. 1569-1584

„… preferential treatment in the application of country risk provisioning for participations under the umbrella of …”

Michael Hahn II. EU Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 671-684

„… protection of contractual rights granted by a host government to an investor (‘umbrella clause’). They have …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… expropriation and an umbrella clause. However, the objectives of the EU investment policy, while gradually …”

Michael Hahn I. WTO Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 653-670

„… multilateral umbrella, the policy discourse re-intensifies in a world where more than 3200 BITs have created an …”

Ole Spiermann IV. Investment Arbitration: Applicable Law S. 1373-1390

„… difficulties caused to some tribunals by so-called umbrella clauses transforming contract claims into treaty …”

Andreas R. Ziegler X. Investment Law in Conflict with WTO Law? S. 1784-1801

„… interpretation of the investment treaty standards.52 – Also ‘umbrella clauses’, which potentially make any other …”

Andrea K. Bjorklund B. NAFTA’s Contributions to Investor-State Dispute Settlement S. 261-282

„… of amicus curiae participation is sometimes subsumed within the general umbrella of transparency …”

Jan K. Schäfer I. Alternatives to Investment Arbitration S. 1186-1211

„… with other IBA work products. Choosing the umbrella of the IBA for investor-State mediation rules was a …”

Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan VI. Investment Law and Intellectual Property Rights S. 1692-1713

„… matter of the fair and equitable treatment standard established under Article 2(2) or the ‘umbrella …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVIII

„… ....................................................................VI. 870 Carsten Kern Umbrella Clause …”

James Crawford, Simon Olleson III. The Application of the Rules of State Responsibility S. 411-441

„… obligations for the purpose of an ‘umbrella’ clause depends on whether the State is to be treated as a party …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… treaties, or particular provisions therein, such as umbrella clauses or investor-State arbitration, as in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258997

Alexander Matthias Urhahn - Prozessverträge im Investmentrecht

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Alexander Matthias Urhahn

Prozessverträge im Investmentrecht

Series: Heidelberger Schriften zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Europarecht

Volume 103 2021

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6. Kapitel: Anteilklassen und Umbrella-Konstruktionen S. 184-192

„… Anteilklassen und Umbrella-Konstruktionen Für die Investmentgesellschaften wurde bereits angedeutet …” „… . Umbrella-Konstruktionen gebildet werden. In beiden Fällen stellt sich die Frage, ob mittels dieser Gestaltungsvarianten …” „… die Abgrenzung zur anschließend beleuchteten Umbrella-Konstruktion – aus Anteilen an demselben Sonder …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… Fazit zur mehrstöckigen InvestmentanlageC. 181 Anteilklassen und Umbrella-Konstruktionen6. Kapitel: 184 …” „… Umbrella-KonstruktionenB. 190 InvestmentsondervermögenI. 191 InvestmentgesellschaftenII. 192 Inhaltsverzeichnis 11 Fazit …” „… Umbrella-Konstruktionen und Anteilklassen3. 282 Dachfonds und Master-Feeder-Strukturen4. 282 FazitIII. 283 …”

Schlussbetrachtung S. 427-430

„… Investmentgesellschaften, Dachfonds und Master-Feeder-Strukturen, Anteilklassen und Umbrella-Konstruktionen etc. Diese …”

7. Kapitel: Zivilprozessrechtliche Zulässigkeit S. 196-285

10. Kapitel: Prozessverträge in Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen des Investmentrechts S. 354-423

„… Umbrella-Konstruktion oder der Bildung verschiedener Anteil- oder Aktienklassen besteht also kein Bedarf für die Bildung …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924784

Katrin Meschede - Die Schutzwirkung von umbrella clauses für Investor-Staat-Verträge

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Katrin Meschede

Die Schutzwirkung von umbrella clauses für Investor-Staat-Verträge

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 12 2014

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Geschichtlicher Hintergrund der umbrella clauses S. 39-52

„… Route,5 Journal of World Investment & Trade (2004), S. 231 ff.; Wälde, The “Umbrella”Clause in …” „… Geschichtlicher Hintergrund der umbrella clausesBevor der Anwendungsbereich der umbrella clauses …” „… damaligen Schrifttum zugedachteFunktion auch heute noch innehaben.Umbrella treaties als Vorläufer der …”

Eingrenzung des sachlichen Anwendungsbereichs der umbrella clause S. 79-108

„… umbrella clause durch bestimmte Anforderungen an die rechtliche Qualifikation der geschützten Verpflichtung …” „… umbrella clause nurauf hoheitliche Akte, um auf diese Weise die Wirkung der Klausel zu begrenzen.Kapitel 4 …” „… :I.301 S. Duke Energy v Ecuador, Award, Ziffer 320.302 Wälde, The “Umbrella” Clause in Investment …”

Eingrenzung des persönlichen Anwendungsbereichs der umbrella clause S. 109-130

„… Eingrenzung des persönlichen Anwendungsbereichsder umbrella clauseDieses Kapitel befasst sich mit …” „… der Eingrenzung des persönlichen Anwendungsbereichs der umbrella clause. Auf Seiten des Gaststaates …” „… stellt sich die Frage, ob die umbrella clauseKapitel 5:I.444 Auch „state entities” genannt, s. Schreuer …”

Auslegung der umbrella clause als Schutzklausel für Investor-Staat-Verträge S. 53-78

„… Auslegung der umbrella clause als Schutzklausel fürInvestor-Staat-VerträgeBegründung einer …” „… völkerrechtlichen Pflicht zur Einhaltung von Investor-Staat-VerträgenNachfolgend wird untersucht, ob umbrella …” „… Investitionsschiedsgericht zuständig wäre.Auslegung der umbrella clause nach der Maxime in dubio mitius?Das Schiedsgericht in …”

Schutz der staatlichen Regulierungsfreiheit im Rahmen der Anwendung der umbrella clause S. 153-164

„… Schutz der staatlichen Regulierungsfreiheit im Rahmender Anwendung der umbrella clauseDieses …” „… umbrella clause. Hier ist zunächst fraglich, ob die gesetzgeberische Handlungsfreiheit in Bezug auf …” „… nicht mehr zumutbar ist.Stabilisierungswirkung der umbrella clause?Das Verständnis der umbrella clause …”

Kollision zwischen einer umbrella clause im Investitionsschutzabkommen und einer exclusive jurisdiction clause im Investor-Staat-Vertrag S. 131-152

„… Kollision zwischen einer umbrella clause imInvestitionsschutzabkommen und einer …” „… Ansprüche aus umbrella clauses auf Vertragsverletzungen basieren undsomit ein Streit über das Vorliegen …” „… festgelegt.Auswirkungen auf die Zuständigkeit für treaty claimsAuch wenn ein Investitionsschutzabkommen keine umbrella …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Die Schutzwirkung von umbrella clauses für Investor-Staat-VerträgeKatrin MeschedeNomosStudien zum …” „… _1306-6.indd 2 29.04.14 13:10Katrin MeschedeDie Schutzwirkung von umbrella clauses für …” „… . 37Geschichtlicher Hintergrund der umbrella clausesKapitel 2: 39Umbrella treaties als Vorläufer der …”

Einleitung S. 17-20

„… einer Studie von Sinclair (The Origin of the UmbrellaClause in the International Law on Investment …” „… eines Investitionsschutzabkommens kommt vor allem die umbrella clause als Lösung für dieses Problemin …” „… Investitionsschutzabkommenenthalten eine solche oder ähnlich lautende umbrella clause.8 Die Klauselspielte seit 2003 in ca. 20 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 177-184

„… UmbrellaClauses, 7 Journal of World Investment & Trade 2 (2006), S. 275 ff.Larson, Arthur, Recipients’ Rights …” „… UmbrellaClauses in International Investment Treaties, International Law and Justice WorkingPaper 2008/9, abrufbar …” „… Dispute of 1951-1952, Berkeley 1954.Foster, David, Umbrella Clauses: A Retreat from the Philippines …”

Schlussbetrachtung S. 165-170

„… begrenztem Umfang Schutz bieten.660Umbrella clauses waren schon in den Vorgänger-Entwürfen heutiger …” „… Telos des Investitionsschutzes zwingen dazu, die umbrella clause als Schutzklausel für …” „… .664Der sachliche Anwendungsbereich der umbrella clause erfasst nicht nurhoheitliche Akte des …”

Investor-Staat-Verträge als Investitionsform S. 21-38

„… Investitionsschutzrecht, S. 27.20 Wälde, Contract Claims under the Energy Charter Treaty’s Umbrella Clause, in:Ribeiro …” „… Treaty’s Umbrella Clause, in:Ribeiro (Hrsg.), Investment Arbitration and the Energy Charter Treaty, S. 205 …” „… ).24 Wälde, Contract Claims under the Energy Charter Treaty’s Umbrella Clause, in:Ribeiro (Hrsg …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845253756

Anthony Moss - A Visual History of Walking Sticks and Canes

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Anthony Moss

A Visual History of Walking Sticks and Canes

2021

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6. The Umbrella and the Parasol S. 411-438

„… easily have been used for parasols and umbrellas.An even older source of the umbrella is perhaps …” „… identify it as an umbrella.Perhaps strangely, the Chinese character for umbrella is 傘 (sǎn), being a …” „… reigns over the kingdoms of Thunaparanta, Tampadipa, together with all the great umbrella-wear-ing chiefs …”

Index S. 533-542

„… , c.1850), 128–30ethnic canes, 143Europe, umbrella/parasols in, 414–16evolution, handle, 261–62 …” „… ; telescope and compass (c.1900), 105; toiletries (c.1920), 103; umbrella/parasol as, 419Gaillard, Lucien, 374 …” „… ), 377locust folk art cane (c.1900), 138London, England, 327–30; 18th century, 329–30; umbrella/parasols …”

Appendices S. 491-524

„… first royal warrant as umbrella-makers to Queen Victoria. In 1894, William Henry Brigg was involved in a …” „… 491AppendicesAppendix 1: Historic Cane and Umbrella ManufacturersAppendix 2: Ferdinand Czilinsky …” „… UMBRELLA MANUFACTURERSThe main cane manufacturers were based in London, Paris and Vienna; there were some …”

4. The Anatomy of the Cane S. 259-278

„… handles The second is from an umbrellaSkittle-Shaped274Chapter 4WALKING STICK SHAFTSEarly quality cane …” „… a general rule, all shafts before 1930 were tapered. It’s also worth noting that umbrella handles …” „… range of names for each style—such as crook or umbrella for the classic ‘tourist’ shape—is partly due to …”

7. Contemporary Walking Canes: Alive and Popular Today S. 439-454

„… , crocodile and ostrich. Cheesecloth, organza and silk satin are used for umbrella canopies. Sojfer revisits …” „… , sharkskin, ivory or shell-inlaid olive tree handles, and Swarovski crystal-inlaid ebony.Umbrella handles …” „… Marchesato flowered luxury ladies’ umbrella with a double canopy umbrella finished in a luxurious satin …”

Preface S. i-xxiv

„… 413SIAM 413THE UMBRELLA COMES TO EUROPE 414PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY LONDON 417THE …” „… Sophistication 2796 The Umbrella and the Parasol 4117 Contemporary Walking Canes: Alive and Popular Today 4398 …” „… 406• The Female Dandy 407• The Makers of the 1920s 408CHAPTER 6. THE UMBRELLA AND THE PARASOL 411 …”

Bibliography S. 529-530

„… Action Publications, 2008.Crawford, T. S. A History of the Umbrella. David & Charles, 1970.Dike …” „… Umbrella and Walking Stick Manufacturer, 1907 Catalogue, Baltimore, MD. ONLINE SOURCESThe British Newspaper …” „… Exhibitions. Adam Matthew Digital, 2017.Sangster, William. Umbrellas and Their History. 1871. Replica edition …”

2. Cane Classifications S. 53-164

„… is inevitably some crossover. A close relation of the walking cane is the umbrella, in some ways the …” „… adapted for opening train carriage doors. There are canes concealing opera glasses, and even umbrellas—all …” „… invention relates to walking-sticks . . . I arrange the interior of a hollow walking stick or umbrella a …”

5. From the Dawn of Time to Twentieth-Century Sophistication S. 279-410

„… elements, but its demise was in part blamed on the rise in popularity of the umbrella which also protected …” „… Sophistication JapanA carved ivory Japanese dragon curled around an umbrella handle with inset glass eyes on a …” „… silver collarMounted on a japanned hardwood shaft on a metal umbrella framec.1920Two ivory rats with …”

3. Cane Handle Motifs S. 165-258

„… depicting a swanMounted on a gilt collar and hardwood shaftPossibly a marriage from an umbrella handlec …” „… and umbrella handles in the form of polychromed applesBoth are probably made of Bakelite or other …” „… tools (table knives and umbrella wire would be used as saws, and lumps of stone stood in for hammers …”

Books on Canes and Walking Sticks S. 525-528

„… . These quirky creations feature hidden devices such as a fan, an umbrella, a bottle and drinking glass, a …”

8. Cane Handles: Common and Exotic Materials S. 455-490

„… plastic for cos-tume jewellery and umbrella and cane handles.A lucite cane handle with an embedded …”

1. The Jewels in the Crown: Highlights from the A&D Collection S. 1-52

„… Soaresdos Reis. The knob could have been originally sold as an umbrella handle and then mounted on the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538144961

Aikaterini Titi - The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

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Aikaterini Titi

The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 10 2014

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Elimination of the umbrella clause S. 48-50

„… respondent in investorstate arbitration.Elimination of the umbrella clauseUmbrella clauses bring host state …” „… personae andmateriae152. The question then is whether an umbrella clause has an impacton the right to …” „… regulate. Because umbrella clauses impose no constraint onthe state’s capacity to regulate per se, it is …”

Doing away with investor-state dispute settlement S. 45-48

„… itself a respondent in investorstate arbitration.Elimination of the umbrella clauseUmbrella clauses bring …” „… scope ratione personae andmateriae152. The question then is whether an umbrella clause has an impacton …” „… the right to regulate. Because umbrella clauses impose no constraint onthe state’s capacity to …”

Exceptions versus reservations S. 50-52

„… negotiation on the TTIP169 bring umbrella clauses asan example of provisions offering the desired ‘effective …” „… betweenthe absence of an umbrella clause and the right to regulate.Exceptions versus reservations‘Exceptions …” „… reluctance to endorse umbrellaclauses in newer treaties, there appears to exist no direct connection …”

Concluding remarks S. 66

„… law and the human rights protection system underthe umbrella of the Council of Europe. On occasion …”

Index S. 375-376

„… et seq., 186Umbrella clause 43, 48-50WTO law and jurisprudence 56-58,177 et seq., 193Index376 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… dispute settlement4. 45Elimination of the umbrella clause5. 48Exceptions versus reservations6. 50 …”

Clarifications and interpretative statements S. 42-45

„… . 85; and clarifications on interpretation of the umbrella clause, in the contextof the SGS v. Pakistan …”

Developments at the collective level: the right to regulate and European investment agreements S. 62-66

„… law and the human rights protection system underthe umbrella of the Council of Europe. On occasion …”

Bibliography S. 305-330

„… , Cornell Int’lL J 31Schreuer, C. (2004), Travelling the BIT Route – Of Waiting Periods, Umbrella Clausesand …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251783

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