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Björn Huber

Delinquenz als Schicksal?

Series: Kriminalsoziologie

Volume 1 2013

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„Certainty, severity, celerity“ – Dimensionen der Wirksamkeit S. 68-70

„… , severity, celerity“ – Dimensionen der WirksamkeitDie Sanktionierungssysteme sah Bentham ihrerseits in ihrer …” „… . Gottfredson und Hirsch nennenhierbei als relevante Größen „certainty“, „severity“ (Bentham sprach hierim …” „… , severity, celerity“ – Dimensionen der Wirksamkeit69Personen, die bereits durch vorangegangene Lernprozesse …”

Die „Sanction Systems“ nach Bentham S. 66-68

„… , severity, celerity“ – Dimensionen der WirksamkeitDie Sanktionierungssysteme sah Bentham ihrerseits in ihrer …” „… . Gottfredson und Hirsch nennenhierbei als relevante Größen „certainty“, „severity“ (Bentham sprach hierim …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… , severity, celerity“ – Dimensionen derWirksamkeit3.368Die Kontrolltheorie von Hirschi3.4 70Vier Formen der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845248356

Stephan Wollbrink - A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a "Threat to the Peace" under the UN Charter

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Stephan Wollbrink

A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a "Threat to the Peace" under the UN Charter

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 840 2014

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Necessary severity of the breach S. 109-111

„… Necessary severity of the breachAnother question is, if next to causality, a certain threshold of …”

Subject matter of the breached norm S. 107-109

„… international law as element of a "threat to the peace"108Necessary severity of the breachAnother question is …”

Element of an unlawful act for the determination of a general abstract situation as a threat to the peace S. 192-195

„… alternatives in Article 39. However, the requirement of a certain severity ofthe breach and the burden of proof …”

Vorwort S. 5-17

„… situation3.107Subject matter of the breached normII. 107Necessary severity of the breachIII. 109FaultIV. 111 …”

Weapons of Mass Destruction and withdrawal from arms control treaty S. 173-185

„… in self-defense, irrespective of the severity of the attack. An announcement of such wide scope can …”

Teleological interpretation S. 69-98

„… measures under Article 41 has shownthat there is great variety not only in the scale and severity of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845252285

Charis Papacharalambous - The Aims of Punishment

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Charis Papacharalambous (ed.)

The Aims of Punishment

2020

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Nestor Courakis Constraints on Deciding Sentence Severity by the Judges in Greece S. 239-248

„… IV. Comparative Part (2): The Greek Experience Constraints on Deciding Sentence Severity by the …” „… decisions on sentence severity. Hence, the procedure that they are assumed to follow is the same since 1950 …” „… to use them, and in particular to know, primarily, if severity of the offence is more or less …”

Tonia Tzannetaki The Potentially Perverse Effects of Front- and Back-Door Penal Policies. The Greek Example S. 249-276

„… ones actually served by the offenders; (iv) the disproportionately lenient treatment of medium-severity …” „… relatively high cardinal severity of the penalty scale; the substantial increases instituted by the …” „… sentences by the courts. The overall severity of the scale of punishments prescribed by the Criminal Code in …”

Christos D. Naintos Aims of Punishment and Proportionality S. 99-110

„… detection and conviction and the severity of the punishment outweigh the expected benefits.12 …” „… increasing the severity (mainly the duration) of penalties as the general public in many cases (e.g …” „… . against drug trafficking, child abductions and recently terrorist attacks) demands. Even this severity is …”

Andreas Kapardis Punishing the Traffic Offender in Cyprus: Practices, Concerns and Future Directions S. 213-226

„… components of deterrence (the other being the [perceived]severity of the likely penalty). The importance of …” „… deterrence theory, the other being the severity of the sanction when an offender is convicted of given crime …” „… Canada, USA, Australia, and New Zealand, decide sentence severity on the basis of the proportionality …”

Charalambos V. Charalambous The suspension of the Sentence of Imprisonment as a Kind of Sentence S. 227-238

„… criminal record may neutralize the diminished severity of a certain offence or the repentance in practice …” „… for suspension are: 1) The severity - gravity of the offence. 2) The nature of the particular …” „… view of the severity of the offences”. It is worth noting that the Appellate Court itself in two …”

Charis Papacharalambous Penal Populism and the Aims of Punishment. The Emergence of Policed Democracy S. 21-38

„… rankings according to the importance of offended interests. Severity of harm and sanction are already …” „… seriousness and penalty severity) as well as cardinal (anchoring the scale of penalties).23 Sentencing rules …” „… ranking seriousness and severity reflect obviously societal interests, are fluctuating over time and …”

Elisavet Symeonidou-Kastanidou, Yannis Naziris The New System of Penal Sanctions in Greece S. 277-304

„… misdemeanors (i.e. offenses of relatively lesser severity) were punishable by imprisonment for a period …” „… (e.g. four (4) years), considering the severity of the victim’s injury, the offender’s culpability, as …” „… interventions began in earnest as early as the mid-’50s, and primarily concerned the severity of the penalties …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Severity by the Judges in Greece 241 Tonia Tzannetaki The Potentially Perverse …”

Ioannis Gkountis The Unwarranted Use of Criminal Law as a Tool for Crisis-Management: The Case of Symbolic Criminal Legislation S. 73-84

„… occurrence of any real damage.31 Although the severity of the described crime seems to justify the above …”

George Chloupis Organized Criminal Action and Riskiness. Security and Insecurity. The Limits Imposed by the Protection of Human Rights and the Extent to which the Purposes of the Penalty Are Being Served in the Conte... S. 167-184

„… keenly desires, neither the severity of laws nor any other fear can prevent it, and anyone who believes …”

Demetra Sorvatzioti Why Sentencing Needs a Separate Trial in the Continental System S. 145-166

„… theory: a. the importance of restraint compared to undue severity in the overall sentencing scheme;24 b …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922384

Helmut Satzger - Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europäischen Union

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Helmut Satzger (ed.)

Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europäischen Union

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 41 2020

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European Criminal Policy Initiative Category Model for the Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in Europe S. 707-742

„… of the Category Model3.1. 723 707 Imposition of Categories of Severity by the EU3.2. 724 Category …” „… Concerning Severity of a Punishmenta) 728 Criteria Concerning Existing Thresholds in the Legal Systemb) 729 …” „… pursuant to their severity. If these national grades of severity were made use of in the future, the …”

Satzger, Linder, Pohlmann Research Report S. 35-46

„… different sanctions according to their severity, could be used as a kind of transmission belt for future …” „… harmonisation efforts.13 At the same time, the classification of offences into different levels of severity …” „… himself to making abstract specifications about the severity of the behaviour to be punished, but leaves …”

Linder, Neumann, Pohlmann Comparative Conclusion S. 517-540

„… 1.4. 524 Grading of Criminal Sanctions According to their Severity1.5. 525 Sentencing2. 527 Legal …” „… least in principle, be arranged according to their severity indicated by the statutory maximum and …” „… systems each legal order uses for assessing a fine, the offender’s financial situation and the severity of …”

Linder Results of the Complementary Investigations S. 641-664

„… were divided into five categories according to their respective severity.43 It turned out that such a …” „… categorisation is generally possible, whereby various criteria were used to determine the severity of a specific …” „… particular moral severity of the offence committed.49 For the delimination of categories II and III within …”

Frände, Helenius, Suominen Country Report Finland S. 185-216

„… sanctions in terms of severity or other criteria1.3.1. 198 Mutual exclusion or possibility to combine …” „… criminal law. They are specifically employed in regard to mass transgressions of a lesser severity, such as …” „… the offender’s financial situation). This is done in order to secure an “equal severity” of the fines …”

Foffani, Viganò Country Report Italy S. 295-332

„… persons1.4. 313 Relationship between the sanctions1.5. 315 Hierarchy of sanctions in terms of severity …” „… severity of a criminal sanction1.6. 317 As to the penalty scale provided by the law for each offence1.6.1 …” „… forth some general principles as to the nature and severity of the criminal sanctions that the …”

Asp, Holmgren Country Report Sweden S. 455-488

„… Each Other Grading by Seriousness The sentencing system is built on the idea that the severity of …” „… depending on the severity of the maximum punishment of the suspected offence. There is also an absolute …” „… “Spielraum” (that different levels of severity for a particular case comply with law as long as the judge …”

Elholm Country Report Denmark S. 77-108

„… of severity or other criteria1.5.1. 90 Mutual exclusion or possibility to combine sanctions with one …” „… another 1.5.2. 91 Automatic application of certain sanctions1.5.3. 92 Consequences of the severity of a …” „… will be charged). Relationship between the sanctions Hierarchy of sanctions in terms of severity or …”

Zimmermann Strafrechtliche Sanktionen und das Recht der Europäischen Union: eine Bestandsaufnahme S. 577-614

„… - Zimmermann 578 islation adequately reflects the severity of the respective misconduct. Thus, EU harmonisation …” „… instruments build upon a supranational assessment of the severity of criminal acts and seek to establish …” „… possibility to express its view on the severity of the underlying punishable acts. To sum up, a great tension …”

Bogdan Country Report Romania S. 427-454

„… criminal sanctions based on the severity1.5.1. 443 The cumulation of criminal sanctions1.5.2. 443 Other …” „… between criminal sanctions The hierarchy of criminal sanctions based on the severity The hierarchy of …” „… measures that can be imposed by the court are not relevant to the assessment regarding the severity of a …”

Pérez-Barberá, Verde, Basso Overview of criminal sanctions in Argentina S. 565-576

„… type and severity of punishment should depend on the culpability degree of the person who commits the …”

Nieto-Martín, Muñoz de Morales Romero, Rodríguez Yagüe Country Report Spain S. 149-184

„… mainly on the severity of the prison sentence imposed (other types of punishment such as fines do not …” „… penalties depend on the severity of the penalty of deprivation of liberty. The penalty of imprisonment equal …”

Satzger Strafzumessung in den USA S. 541-564

„… groups of crimes according to their severity. Furthermore, the way in which aggravating and mitigating …”

Satzger, Linder, Neumann, Zimmermann Questionnaire – Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the EU S. 769-792

„… sanctions in terms of their severity or of other criteria (e.g. regarding the competence for imposing the …”

Leblois-Happe, Frinchaboy Länderbericht Frankreich S. 217-252

„… principle of “individualisation of sanction“. The judge must hence adapt the severity and type of sanction …”

Satzger, Kaspar, Linder, Neumann Länderbericht Deutschland S. 109-148

„… principle, the resulting ranges are scaled according to the severity of the offences. However, they are not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902102

Matthias R. Hastall - Kommunikation von Gesundheitsrisiken in Massenmedien

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Matthias R. Hastall

Kommunikation von Gesundheitsrisiken in Massenmedien

Series: Gesundheitskommunikation | Health Communication

Volume 4 2013

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Stufenmodelle des Gesundheitsverhaltens S. 124-129

„… die wahrgenommene Betroffenheit (Susceptibility) stärker als die Schwere der Bedrohung (Severity) mit …” „… (1998) postulieren nun eine unterschiedliche Wirkung der vier Kernkonstrukte der PMT (Severity …” „… Bedrohung (Severity) als entscheidender Faktor angesehen. Personen in der Handlungsphase hingegen sollten …”

Risiko S. 61-62

„… als Funktion des (1) Ausmaßes negativer Konsequenzen einer Gesundheitsbedrohung (Severity) und der (2 …” „… Wertigkeit von Severity und Susceptibility ist jedoch umstritten. In der Literatur finden sich additive …” „… Situation auch darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Gewichtungen von Severity und Susceptibility je nach …”

Furchtappellansätze S. 120-124

„… Verhaltensänderungen modelliert. Bedrohlichkeit wird dabei als Funktion des Schweregrades einer Bedrohung (Severity …” „… ) NutzenKostenSchweregrad(Severity)Verwundbarkeit(Susceptibility)SchutzmotivationGesundheitsmotivationHandlungsreizeDemografischeVariablenPsychologischeVariablenSelbstwirksamkeit122 Kommunikation von Gesundheitsrisiken in Massenmedien sprechen für die Gültigkeit der …” „… (Severity) zwar den postulierten positiven, aber insgesamt gesehen geringsten Einfluss auf …”

Bedrohung und Bedrohlichkeit S. 57-61

„… als Funktion des (1) Ausmaßes negativer Konsequenzen einer Gesundheitsbedrohung (Severity) und der (2 …” „… Wertigkeit von Severity und Susceptibility ist jedoch umstritten. In der Literatur finden sich additive …” „… Situation auch darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Gewichtungen von Severity und Susceptibility je nach …”

Zusammenfassung S. 135-140

„… (Severity) bestimmt. Diese umgekehrte Wirkungsrichtung zwischen Selbstwirksamkeit und Bedrohlichkeit …” „… Zusammenhänge hinaus einen weiteren Einfluss von Severity auf Response Efficacy, womit sich eine dynamische …” „… bezüglich der Annahme überein, dass die Kommunikation der Schwere einer Gesundheitsbedrohung (Severity …”

Zuwendung und risikobezogene Einstellungen S. 253-267

„… : Selektion (n = 599) A1 Kontam. Luft A2 Grüner Star A3 Stress A4 PCB im Lachs Schwere (Severity) .17 …” „… Grüner Star A3 Stress A4 PCB im Lachs Schwere (Severity) .18*** .18*** .21*** Betroffenheit …” „… Gesundheitsrisikos (Severity) erwies sich als unabhängig von der Zuwendungszeit und als allein vom Botschaftsmerkmal …”

Extended Parallel Process Model S. 131-133

„… Bedrohlichkeit als Funktion der Schwere der Konsequenzen (Severity) und der Betroffenheit (Susceptibility) sowie …” „… (Self-Efficacy)Ergebniswirksamkeit (Response Efficacy)Betroffenheit(Susceptibility)Schwere(Severity …”

Kognitiv-transaktionales Stressmodell S. 129-131

„… solchen Situationen erfolgversprechender, die Vulnerabilität anstelle der Severity zu betonen und darüber …” „… bereits angeführten Meta-Analysen zum HBM und zur PMT, bei der Severity von allen untersuchten Faktoren …”

Exploration von Geschlechts- und Länderunterschieden S. 212-216

„… Kognitive Vermeidung Schwere (Severity) .59*** .21*** .60*** .59*** .16** Betroffenheit (Susceptibility …” „… Frauen Deutschland USA (n = 273) (n = 326) p (n = 298) (n = 301) p Schwere (Severity) 4.2 (1.1) 4.1 …”

Zusammenhänge der Zuwendungsindikatoren S. 212

„… Kognitive Vermeidung Schwere (Severity) .59*** .21*** .60*** .59*** .16** Betroffenheit (Susceptibility …”

Soziale Erwünschtheit S. 216

„… (n = 273) (n = 326) p (n = 298) (n = 301) p Schwere (Severity) 4.2 (1.1) 4.1 (1.0) n. s. 4.1 (1.1 …”

Risikobezogene Botschaftswirkungen S. 211-212

„… Informationssuche Risikovermeidung Kognitive Vermeidung Schwere (Severity) .59*** .21*** .60*** .59*** .16 …”

Dispositionelle Persönlichkeitsunterschiede S. 276-277

„… sich auch, dass Zuwendungsverhalten und risikobezogene Einstellungen (Severity, Susceptibility …”

Botschaftszuwendung und -wirkung S. 277-278

„… Einstellungen (Severity, Susceptibility, Intention zur Informationssuche und Risikovermeidung) positiv …”

Gesundheitsrisikobezogene Einstellungen S. 201-203

„… (Severity) „Ich denke, dass die beschriebene Erkrankung gefährlich ist.“ Wahrgenommene Betroffenheit …”

Nützlichkeit von Botschaften: Informational Utility S. 75-78

„… ). mational Utili). eitsdimensioder positivend entspricht sikos handelSeverity. Eintschaften wieine neue …”

Überblick S. 173-177

„… suggerierten Bedrohlichkeit des Gesundheitsrisikos (Severity/Magnitude), der (2) suggerierten Selbstwirksamkeit …”

Auswertungsstrategie S. 216-219

„… (n = 273) (n = 326) p (n = 298) (n = 301) p Schwere (Severity) 4.2 (1.1) 4.1 (1.0) n. s. 4.1 (1.1 …”

Ansätze der Informationssuche S. 115-120

„… des Schweregrades einer Bedrohung (Severity) und der wahrgenommenen Verletzlichkeit (Susceptibility …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230153

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