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Zoé Nautré - U.S. Idealism Meets Reality

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Zoé Nautré

U.S. Idealism Meets Reality

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2010

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Support for authoritarian states reconsidered S. 81-82

„… Chapter 3: The development of the new foreign policy rationale81Support for authoritarian states …” „… ? not? expressed? a? desire? to? change? its? longstanding? support? of ? Arab? authoritarian? states …” „… ?supporting?authoritarian?states?had?turned?against?the?U.?S.?started?to?gain?new?ground.?From?within?and?around?the?administration,?people?started?to?question?the?value?of ?America’s?support?of ?repressive?Arab?regimes.?As?cheering?Arabs?post?9/11 …”

Democracy as a means to an end S. 82-84

„… ?supporting?authoritarian?states?had?turned?against?the?U.?S.?started?to?gain?new?ground.?From?within?and?around?the?administration,?people?started?to?question?the?value?of ?America’s?support?of ?repressive?Arab?regimes.?As?cheering?Arabs?post?9/11 …” „… ? tolerate?repressive?policies?would?nourish?further?resentment?and?possibly?perpetuate?terrorism.?Some?within?and?outside?the?administration?argued?very?forcefully?that?outdated?policies?such?as?quiet?acceptance?of ?political?repression?in?authoritarian?Arab?states …” „… ?democracy?promotion?extensively?used?the?report?to?lend?support?to?the?idea?that?the?U.?S.?should?stop?supporting?Arab?authoritarian?states.?Indeed,?even?President?Bush?quoted?the?report?in?his?speech?at?the?National?Endowment?for?Democracy?in?2003,?stating:?“In?the?words?of ?a?recent?report?by?Arab?scholars,?the?global?wave?of …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 160-172

„… , cooperated, and coexisted with authoritarian governments”.77Since? the? state? has? managed? to? encircle …” „… ?with?a?more?authoritarian,?rather?than?democratic?and?possibly?unstable?state …” „… .?Consequently,?Arab?leaders?continuously?fuelled?these?fears?by?pointing?to?the?negative?consequences?of ?democracy.In?addition,?by?helping?the?state?to?modernize,?U.?S.?donors?assume?that?autocrats?have?an?inherent?interest?in?building?state?capacity?that?will?trickle?down?to?citizens.?But?most?authoritarian?leaders?are?more?likely?to?be?concerned?with?the?maintenance?of ?their?status?than?the?welfare?of ?their?society.80?Critics?of …”

Self-reflection-why do they hate us? S. 79-81

„… ?authoritarian?states,?and?the?U.?S.?position?vis-à-vis?the?Arab-Israeli?conflict?potentially?perpetuated?Arab?anger?and?frustration,?and?was?part?of ?the?reason?for?the?attacks.31However,? this?short?moment?of …” „… UhrChapter 3: The development of the new foreign policy rationale81Support for authoritarian states …” „… ? not? expressed? a? desire? to? change? its? longstanding? support? of ? Arab? authoritarian? states …”

Diplomatic pressure S. 115

„… ,”?Bureau?of ?Democracy,?Human?Rights,?and?Labor,?U.?S.?Department?of ?State,?May?23,?2008.2010 …” „… ?a?change?in?policy?from?past?unquestioned?tolerance?for?authoritarian?Arab?regimes?to?democracy?promotion,?was?not?directly?geared?towards?Morocco.?The?administration’s?speeches?after?9/11?did?not? suggest? that?Morocco?was? its?primary? target.?Nevertheless …” „… ,? the?Bush?administration’s?tone?gave?an?overall?impression?that?its?tolerance?for?authoritarian?regimes?had?elapsed?and?a?major?policy?shift?towards?the?Near?and?Middle?East?was?about?to?take?place.?When?asked?if ?this?overall?aggressive?rhetoric?had?any?impact?on?U.?S.?Moroccan?relations,?most?of …”

Implementation of new rationale S. 114-115

„… ,”?Bureau?of ?Democracy,?Human?Rights,?and?Labor,?U.?S.?Department?of ?State,?May?23,?2008.2010 …” „… ?civil?society?the?answer?to?diffusing?political?power??Should?the?U.S?help?by?modernizing?state?institutions??What?are?the?limits?of ? external? interventions??And? finally,? given? that? security? imperatives? remained?and? that …” „… ?a?change?in?policy?from?past?unquestioned?tolerance?for?authoritarian?Arab?regimes?to?democracy?promotion,?was?not?directly?geared?towards?Morocco.?The?administration’s?speeches?after?9/11?did?not? suggest? that?Morocco?was? its?primary? target.?Nevertheless …”

Increase in funding at the State Department and USAID S. 115-118

„… ,”?Bureau?of ?Democracy,?Human?Rights,?and?Labor,?U.?S.?Department?of ?State,?May?23,?2008.2010 …” „… ?State?makes?a?certification?to?the?Appropriations?Committees?that?“the?government?of …” „… ?programs?with?three?bilateral?MEPI?programs,?Middle?East?Partnership?Initiative,?U.?S.?Department?of ?State,?http://2002-2009-mepi.state.gov.23 …”

U. S. exceptionalism S. 23-34

„… ?policy?makers?that?affect?policy?implementation.?Contested?development?theories?is?the?third?guiding?concept?and?fact?to?take?into?account?when?analyzing?U.?S.?foreign?policy?in?the?Middle?East.?How?authoritarian?and?semi-authoritarian?states?transition?to?democracy,?and?how?to?promote?democratic?processes?remains?a?contested?area?of …” „… ? USAID,?as?well?as?the?U.?S.?Department?of ?State,?which?lists?various?measures?and?programs?in?4 …” „… ? is?unlikely?that?other?nations?would?cede?their?power?and?follow?the?U.?S.?model.?Realist?approaches?are? thus?defined?by? state-to-state? relations.?The? core? aim? is? to?guarantee? stability …”

When idealism and realism merge S. 137-141

„… ,?President?Bush?would?become?an?even?stronger?advocate?for?defending?and?spreading?American?ideals?and?principles?abroad?compared?to?Clinton.?From?now?on?the?Bush?administration?argued?that?democracy?was?a?universal?right?and?that?prior?support?of ?authoritarian?states …” „… ,?the?Iraq?war?sent?a?strong?signal?to?Arab?states.?Arab?states?were?thus?seriously?concerned?about?U.?S.?democracy?promotion?efforts.?The?Bush?administration?would?no?longer?blindly?tolerate?or?support?authoritarian …” „… ? President?Clinton’s?address?before?a?joint?session?of ?the?Congress?on?the?State?of ?the?Union,?January?25,?1994.2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 137 …”

Re-orientation of foreign policy S. 87-88

„… ?authoritarian?states …” „… ? President?Bush?Discusses?Freedom?in?Iraq?and?Middle?East.?Remarks?by?the?President?at?the?20th?Anniversary?of ? the?National?Endowment? for?Democracy,?United?States …” „… ?the?U.?S.?approach?to?the?region?and?an?essential?element?in?the?war?on?terrorism.?What?most?observers?define?in?this?respect?as?the?definite?turning?point?in?U.?S.?policy?is?the?speech?President?Bush?delivered?at?the?National?Endowment?for?Democracy?in?November?2003,?in?which?he?stated:“Sixty years of Western nations excusing and accommodating the …”

Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) S. 103-104

„… ?State?without?me.’?And?she?says,?‘Nope–would?you?like?a?telephone?call?,”?in?Robert?Dreyfuss,?The?Commissar’s?in?Town,?The American Prospect,?May?21,?2006.43 …” „… .?It?was?also?successful?in?placing?democracy?promotion?higher?on? the?government?agenda?and? influencing?discourse?at? the?State?Department?on? the?need …” „… ? restrictions.?The?program?was?well?received?because?as?opposed?to?other?funding?mecha-42? See?Lugar,?Richard?G.,?Committee?on?Foreign?Relations?United?States? Senate …”

Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) S. 98-99

„… ?that?instability?in?‘weak’?states?increasingly?represented?a?security?problem?for?the?U.?S.?At?the?Inter-American?Development?Bank?on?March?14,?2002?President?Bush?stated:“This growing divide between wealth and poverty, between …” „… governments fail to meet the most basic needs of their people, these failed states can become havens for …” „… ?funding?were?suddenly?made?available?from?several?sources,?including?USAID,?the?State?Department?and?MEPI?at? the?State?Department.?Some?NGOs?had? to? transfer? staff …”

The way foreign policy was conducted S. 76-77

„… midterm?(Albany,?NY:?State?University?of ?New?York?Press,?2004 …” „… ?the?United?States?against?the?continuing?threat?posed?by?Iraq’.?In?Charles?Doyle,?“The?USA?PATRIOT?Act:?A?Sketch,”?Congressional?Research?Service,?April?18,?2002;?107th?Congress,?1st?Session,?H.?R.?2888,?2001 …” „… ?Emergency?Supplemental?Appropriations?Act?for?Recovery?from?and?Response?to?Terrorist?Attacks?on?the?United?States,?September?14,?2001.2010 …”

Diplomatic pressure S. 89-91

„… ?State,?Condoleezza?Rice,?played?a?key?role?in?raising?expectations?and?hopes?among?democracy?promoters?and?Arab?citizens?alike.?For?his?part,?Bush,?in?a?widely?cited?speech,?presented?at?the?NED?in?2003,?suggested?that?the?U.?S.?would?radically?depart?from?prior?policies?in?terms?of …” „… ?State?Condoleezza?Rice?stressed?in?2005?in?Cairo:“The day is coming when the promise of a fully free and democratic world, once …” „… ?State,?June?24,?2003The?post?Cold?War? environment? facilitated? a? change? in? strategic …”

Policy implementation and practical obstacles S. 41-43

„… ?that?the?United?States?supports? authoritarian? governments? in? the? Middle? East? while? promoting? democracy …” „… ?State?and?USAID?will?help?to?highlight?contradictory?elements?in?policy.The?Pentagon?traditionally?has?concerns?other?than?democracy?promotion,?and?following?9/11,?traditional?military?concerns?dominated?its?agenda.?Operational?goals?such?as?access?to?ai …” „… ?this?theory?argue?that?U.?S.?foreign?policy?and?more?recently,?the?intervention?in?Iraq,?acts?as?key?drivers?and?motivation?for?terrorist?activities.?The?9/11?Commission?report?of ?July?2004?for?instance?states …”

Support for NGOs S. 106-108

„… ? other?Arab?countries.?At?the?same?time,?the?initiative?also?focused?on?economic?development?and?the?strengthening?of ?state?capacity,?rather?than?tackling?the?alleged?root?causes?of …” „… Arab?states?are?offered?Western?aid?to?implement?the?economic?reforms?they?largely?want,?but?ignore?Western?pressures?for?the?political?reforms?they?do?not?want.51?In?principle,?BMENA?would?be?a?good?mechanism?to?coordinate?G8?reform?and?democra …” „… ,?it?focuses?on?enhancing?state?capacity?rather?than?on?democratization?to?meet?its?demands.?Because?the?MCC?responds?to?government?demands,?and?the?programs?are?developed?by?the?recipient’s?Ministry?of ?Planning?or?Foreign?Affairs,? it …”

Policy implementation and practical obstacles S. 152-154

„… ? an? additional? $1,000,000? if ? the?Secretary?of ?State?would?make?a? certification? to …” „… ?State?certifies?to?the?Committees?on?Appropriations?that?the?Government?of …” „… ?state,?Foreign?operations,?and?related?programs?for?the?fiscal?year?ending?September?30,?2008,?and?for?other?purposes.?2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 154 06.09.2010 15:36:15 Uhr …”

Structure S. 20-22

„… ?authoritarian?states?for?counter-terrorism?measures?and?other?operational?necessities.?The?U.?S.?also?often?chose?to?invest?in?strengthening?the?security?institutions?of ?the?state?at?the?expense?of ?real?democratic?reform.? The? absorption? of ? funding,? manpower …” „… ?State,?USAID?and?the?Pentagon.?Second,?the?researcher?has?to?have?in?mind?that?interviewees?have?their?own?agendas? in?discussing …” „… ?states?want,?to?a?certain?extent,?to?meet?their?own?populations’?and?subsequently?‘Western’?expectations,?and?these?developments?are?unlikely?to?change?in?the?near?future.?Yet,?the?challenges?and?competing?imperatives?and?difficulties?in?policy?implement …”

Providing an intellectual framework S. 77-79

„… .C.?politicians?were?still?in?shock?about?the?terrorist?attacks.?Neoconservatives?were?among?the?first?to?present?an?explanation?as?to?why?the?U.?S.?had?been?attacked:?prior?weakness?and?U.?S.?support?for?Arab?authoritarian …” „… ? neoconservatives?ideas?and?assertive?realists?shared?a?certain?state-centric?view,?the?primary?focus?on?the?war?on?terror?started?with?tackling?states …” „… ?policies,?which?ought?to?advance?a?normative?vision?about?a?desired?state?of ?the?world.?They?framed?the?conflict?and?the?source?of …”

Expectations of the role of outsiders S. 49-51

„… ?State?officials?argued?that?there?is?something?inherently?undemocratic?about?the?80? See? for? instance:? Rostow,? Walt? Whitman? “The? stages? of ? economic? growth:? A? non …” „… ?democracy?in?the?Middle?East.?It?is?contended?here?that?debates?and?trends?are?not?static,?but?change?over?time.?Trends?range?from?focusing?on?elections?to?mainly?considering?the?role?of ?civil?society,?to?institution-building?and?strengthening?the? state? and? so? on.? What? works …” „… ?the?Cold?War?on?democracy?promotion?in?the?former?Soviet?states?than?spending?in?the?first?five?years?following?9/11?on?the?Middle?East.74 …”

Outlook S. 188-192

„… ?authoritarian …” „… ?Arab?states.?Effective?democracy?promotion?ultimately?demands?a?closer?look?at?how?society?functions?in?Arab?states?and?how?citizens?participate? in?politics?beyond?the?Western?conception?of ?political?participation.5?Hence …” „… assessment,?United?States?Institute?of ?Peace,?August?2007.10? Ellen?Lust-Okar?and?Saloua?Zerhouni,?(Eds.),?Political participation in …”

NGOs and structural challenges S. 156-158

„… .? policy?makers?often?neglect?the?actual?limitations?of ?authoritarian …” „… ? President?George?W.?Bush,?State?of ?the?Union?Address?on?February?2,?2005.2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 158 06.09.2010 15:36:26 Uhr …” „… ver?money?that?needs?to?be?spent?before?the?fiscal?year?runs?out?in?the?U.?S.?One?U.?S.?official?for?example?stated:“We look around and think about who can possibly do it, and we end up looking at the Moroccans again …”

Supporting evidence for democracy promotion S. 84-87

„… ?democracy?promotion?extensively?used?the?report?to?lend?support?to?the?idea?that?the?U.?S.?should?stop?supporting?Arab?authoritarian?states.?Indeed,?even?President?Bush?quoted?the?report?in?his?speech?at?the?National?Endowment?for?Democracy?in?2003,?stating:?“In?the?words?of ?a?recent?report?by?Arab?scholars,?the?global?wave?of …” „… ?states?supporting?groups?considered?to?be?terrorists?such?as?Hizbollah?and?Hamas.?At?least,?it?had?not?been?high?on?the?agenda.?But?post?the?attacks?the?U.?S.?changed?its?policy?and?advocated?zero?tolerance?of ?states?that?support?terrorism.There? is? little? evidence? to? suggest? that? prior? to? 9/11 …” „… ,?democracy?promotion?was?depicted?as?essential?to?U.?S.?long-term?national?security.?Undersecretary?of ?State?for?Global?Affairs?Paula?Dobriansky?affirmed?in?a?speech?at?the?Heritage?Foundation:“The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… authoritarian states reconsidered …” „… ?State,?June?24,?2003 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Increase in funding at the State Department and USAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 51-57

„… later in the text, some U. S. Department of State officials argued that there is something inherently …” „… authoritarian leaders were most apt to generate economic growth, that poverty excluded democracy and that …” „… authoritarian leaders would cede their political power once sufficient economic development hat taken place, was …”

When idealism and realism converge S. 34-36

„… ? cooperation? with? authoritarian? states? for? the? sake? of …” „… ?Arab?authoritarian? states? and?actively?promoting?democracy? in? the …” „… ? and?principles?abroad?than?his?predecessor.?From?that?point?onwards,?the?Bush?administration?argued?that?democracy?was?a?universal?right?and?that?prior?support?of ?authoritarian?states? for? the? sake? of ? primary? U.?S.? national? security? interests? had …”

A fundamental change? S. 183-185

„… ?terror,?was?there?truly?a?rupture?with?prior?support?of ?authoritarian?states?in?the?Arab?world?Obstacles to policy implementationThe? initial …” „… ?the?Bush?administration?indicated?that?the?incoming?administration?would?continue?to?rely?on?authoritarian?regimes?in?the?Middle?East?for?stability.?Chapter? three?explored? the?evolution?of ? the?new?foreign?policy …” „… ?authoritarian?regimes?could?not?guarantee?U.?S.?interests?in?the?region?in?the?long-term.?Political?repression?bred?instability.?The?Bush?administration? thus?decided? to? fight?an? ‘existential’?war?against? terrorism?and?change …”

Obstacles to poicy implementation S. 185-188

„… ?terror,?was?there?truly?a?rupture?with?prior?support?of ?authoritarian?states?in?the?Arab?world?Obstacles to policy implementationThe? initial …” „… ?the?status?quo,?and?the?political?leadership?in?question.As?for?the?tools?used?for?actually?implementing?the?policy,?these?mirrored?the?contested?debates?and?ongoing?confusion?about?how?countries?actually?transition?from?authoritarian?to?democratic?state …” „… h?administration?would?change?longstanding?support?of ?authoritarian?regimes?in?the?Middle?East.?However,?9/11 …”

A fundamental change? S. 13-16

„… ,?the?U.?S.?administration?continued?to?rely?on?state-to-state?relations?to?ensure?stability,?ignoring?Arab?civil?society’s?resentment? towards? American? support? of ? Arab? authoritarian? leaders …” „… ? in?how?the?U.?S.?viewed?the?region.?Until?now,?there?seems?to?be?no?way?back?to?former?unquestioned?support?of ?Arab?authoritarian?regimes?due?to?a)?long-term?U.?S.?security? interests …” „… .? could?potentially?have?in?pushing?for?democratization.?Rather?than?pushing?for?real?democratic?outcomes,?the?Bush?administration?thus?opted?for?‘state …”

Democracy promotion as a means to fight the root causes of terrorism S. 36-41

„… ? and?principles?abroad?than?his?predecessor.?From?that?point?onwards,?the?Bush?administration?argued?that?democracy?was?a?universal?right?and?that?prior?support?of ?authoritarian?states? for? the? sake? of ? primary? U.?S.? national? security? interests? had …” „… ?that?the?United?States?supports? authoritarian? governments? in? the? Middle? East? while? promoting? democracy …” „… ?Egypt?as?a?failing?state?was?being?debated.?This?resulted?in?the?creation?of ?a?commission?to?evaluate?stability?and?change?in?Egypt?as?well?as?other?Arab?states …”

Introduction S. 11

„… ? there?truly?a?change?despite?U.?S.?interests?in?the?Middle?East?remaining?the?same??Did?the?logic?that?in?the?long-term?the?U.?S.?could?not?support?authoritarian?states …” „… ?U.?S.?foreign?policy?in?the?Middle?East.?The?key?question?that?this?study?addresses?is?‘whether?or?not?there?was?a?shift?in?U.?S.?policy?in?the?Middle?East’,?shifting?from?previous?support?of ?authoritarian?regimes?prior?to?9/11?towards?active?democracy?promotion?post?9/11 …”

Research Question S. 11-12

„… ? there?truly?a?change?despite?U.?S.?interests?in?the?Middle?East?remaining?the?same??Did?the?logic?that?in?the?long-term?the?U.?S.?could?not?support?authoritarian?states …” „… ?U.?S.?foreign?policy?in?the?Middle?East.?The?key?question?that?this?study?addresses?is?‘whether?or?not?there?was?a?shift?in?U.?S.?policy?in?the?Middle?East’,?shifting?from?previous?support?of ?authoritarian?regimes?prior?to?9/11?towards?active?democracy?promotion?post?9/11 …” „… .?S.?policies?in?Morocco?run?on?similar?assumptions,?but?also?run?into?similar?challenges?compared?to?other?Arab?states.?Many?of ?the?assumptions?and?rationales?that?will? be?highlighted? in? the? conceptual? framework? relate …”

Expectations of the role of outsiders S. 158-160

„… .? policy?makers?often?neglect?the?actual?limitations?of ?authoritarian …” „… ? President?George?W.?Bush,?State?of ?the?Union?Address?on?February?2,?2005.2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 158 06.09.2010 15:36:26 …” „… ?current?power?structures.?Among?these?power?structures?one?should?highlight?the?persistence?of ?authoritarian?regimes?as?well?as? informal?means?by?which?people? in? the? Middle? East …”

Conclusion S. 88

„… ?authoritarian?states …”

Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) S. 104-105

„… ? reforms? and? that? authoritarian? regimes?might?have? to?44 …” „… ? Interviews?U.?S.?non-government?democracy?promoters,?Washington?D.C.?and?Rabat,?Morocco,?September?2007-May?2008.45? Middle? East? Partnership? Inititiative,? U.?S.? Department? of ? State,? http …” „… ://2002-2009-mepi.state.gov? and?Tamara?Cofman?Wittes?and?Sarah?E.?Yerkes,?What Price Freedom? Assessing the …”

Asserting U. S. power S. 71-72

„… ?terrorism,?previous?U.?S.?policies?that?had?supported?authoritarian …” „… ?terrorists?acquiring?nuclear?or?chemical?weapons.?In?this?context,?foreign?policy?makers?focused?on?states?that?sponsored?terrorism?as?a?main?source?of ? threat.?Third,? the? terrorist?attacks?were? immediately?perceived …” „… ?any?lesson?was?to?be?learned,?it?was?that?the?U.?S.?should?not?hesitate?to?respond?vigorously?to?attacks?against?U.?S.?interests.As?a? result,?President?Bush?declared? in?his?State?of ? the?Union?address?on? January?29,?2002? that …”

Support for NGOs S. 99-100

„… ?funding?were?suddenly?made?available?from?several?sources,?including?USAID,?the?State?Department?and?MEPI?at? the?State?Department.?Some?NGOs?had? to? transfer? staff …” „… ?discernible?prodemocracy?movements,?discouraged?efforts?to?support?democratic?development?in?authoritarian?Muslim?countries,?especially?those?ruled?by?regimes?ostensibly?committed?to?protecting?significant?Western?security?and?economic?interests.?Not?surprisingly,?political?repression?has?helped?inflame?religious?extremism?by?forcing?dissent …” „… Agenda?(Washington?D.C.:?Brookings?Institution,?September?2006),?26.34? “The? United? States? is? also? using? our? influence? to? urge? valued? partners …”

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Renate Kirsch, Elke Siehl, Albrecht Stockmayer - Transformation, Politics and Implementation

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Renate Kirsch (ed.), Elke Siehl (ed.), Albrecht Stockmayer (ed.)

Transformation, Politics and Implementation

2017

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Markus Steinich, Thomas Fiegle, Anne Hitzegrad, and Agnes Wiedemann Reforming the Legacy of an Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia S. 123-150

„… Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia 125 the state-led economic model started to emerge. The government …” „… Reforming the Legacy of an Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia Markus Steinich, Thomas Fiegle …” „… . Reforming the Legacy of an Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia 127 The GIZ good governance project …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Mattner Reforming the Legacy of an Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia 123 Markus Steinich, Thomas …” „… Monitoring and Evaluation System / Sistema Nacional de Seguimiento y Evaluacion (Costa Rica) SOE State-owned …” „… work?” Previously, we referred to generally agreed best models for modernizing the state and its …”

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Gabriele Abels - Vorsicht Sicherheit! Legitimationsprobleme der Ordnung von Freiheit

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Gabriele Abels (ed.)

Vorsicht Sicherheit! Legitimationsprobleme der Ordnung von Freiheit

2016

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Holger Zapf Participation vs. Security in Authoritarian Discourse? The Hegemonic Project of Hosni Mubarak Participation vs. Security in Authoritarian Discourse? S. 281-290

„… Participation vs. Security in Authoritarian Discourse? The Hegemonic Project of Hosni Mubarak …” „… field of political science, unlike substantive security policies of authoritarian regimes authoritarian …” „… how authoritarian regimes configure the relation between freedom and security in official political …”

Steffen Kailitz, Stefan Wurster Regimelegitimation und Gesundheitspolitik in Autokratien S. 131-154

„… Subjects, Cambridge. Beblawi, Hazem/Luciani, Giacomo (Hg.) (1987): The Rentier State, New York. Beck …” „… Democratisation in Authoritarian Regimes, European Journal of Political Research 53 (4), S. 635-653. Greene …” „… State: Resource Distribution, Credible Commitments and Political Survival, Oslo, Aarhus: University of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… . Security in Authoritarian Discourse? The Hegemonic Project of Hosni Mubarak 281 Martin Florack, Timo …” „… Thorsten Bonacker Internationales Statebuilding und die liberale Politik des Schutzes 177 Annick T.R …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266039

Daniel Göler, Eckart D. Stratenschulte - Norm- und Regeltransfer in der europäischen Außenpolitik

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Daniel Göler (ed.), Eckart D. Stratenschulte (ed.)

Norm- und Regeltransfer in der europäischen Außenpolitik

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 99 2018

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Katsiaryna Yakouchyk Governance Transfer by Non-Democratic Regional Organizations: The Case of the CSTO S. 233-256

„… Libman states that authoritarian regimes agree to governance transfer because of power asymmetry.70 A …” „… was concentrated on the promotion of “good governance“ provisions both in the member states of an …” „… governance and to stabilize the successor and satellite states of the Soviet Union in Central and Eastern …”

Ingrid Heidlmayr-Chegdaly Politische Liberalisierung in Marokko: Gestaltung der nationalen Reformagenda durch democratic governance und Demokratieförderung S. 169-196

„… regime zu einem authoritarian state44 herab. In den Fortschrittsberichten zur ENP weist die Europäische …” „… stagnierende Liberalisierungsprozess den authoritarian backlash in der gesamten MENA-Region wider. Die im …” „… ): Europeanization and Democratization: The Southern European experience and the perspective for the New Member State …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280417

Steffen Kailitz, Patrick Köllner - Autokratien im Vergleich

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Steffen Kailitz (ed.), Patrick Köllner (ed.)

Autokratien im Vergleich

Series: Sonderheft PVS

Volume 2013

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Abstracts S. 599-605

„… in Kazakhstan and Russia document an expansion of the state-controlled economic sector, sanctioning …” „… legitimation qua religion and state-building. Our fi ndings point to the existence of different equifi nal …” „… . Linking the scholarship on authoritarian consolidation with insights from the National Innovation Systems …”

Johannes Gerschewski, Wolfgang Merkel, Alexander Schmotz, Christoph H. Stefes, Dag Tanneberg Warum überleben Diktaturen? S. 111-136

„… Corrupt States: Graft as an Informal State Institution. Politics & Society 36:35-60. Davenport, Christian …” „… . 2007. State Repression and Political Order. Annual Review of Political Science 10:1-23. Diamond …” „… , Larry J. 2008. The Democratic Rollback. The Resurgence of the Predatory State. Foreign Affairs 87:36-48 …”

Petra Stykow Wahlen in autoritären Regimen: Die postsowjetischen Länder im Vergleich S. 242-276

„… , Eugene. 2010. Elite Recruitment and State-society Relations in Technocratic Autho ritarian Regimes. The …” „… Authoritarian Projects in Post-Soviet Space: The Use of Administrative Resource. Communist and Post-Communist …” „… Studies 27:305-320. Blaydes, Lisa. 2008. Authoritarian Elections and Elite Management. Theory and Evidence …”

Martin Brusis Staat und Wirtschaftsakteure in postsowjetischen elektoralen Autokratien S. 303-328

„… , Kenneth W. 2001. Associations in the Embrace of an Authoritarian State: State Domination of Society …” „… : Allen Lane the Penguin Press. O’Dwyer, Conor. 2006. Runaway State-Building. Patronage Politics and …” „… Implementation von Politiken zu beeinfl ussen (state capture) oder politische Renten zu erzielen (Hellman et al …”

Rolf Frankenberger Mikrophysik und Makrostruktur Überlegungen zu einer Analytik der Macht in Autokratien S. 65-90

„… Authoritarian Arab State. Perspectives on Politics 9:301-310. 84 PVS, Sonderheft 47/2012 Theorien und Modelle …” „… Frankenberger. 2011. Varieties of (Incorporated) Capitalism. Conceptualizing Governance and State-Business …” „… (authoritarian regime) und Autokratie (autocracy) bis hin zu nicht demokratisches Regime (nondemocratic regime …”

Christian Göbel Das Innovationsdilemma und die Konsolidierung autokratischer Regime S. 137-161

„… Communist Party: The Infl uence of Education and the State-Controlled Media. Political Studies 57:517-536 …” „… Argument nicht: wie die sehr unterschiedlichen Werte dieser beiden Regimegruppen auf dem Failed States …” „… kann angeführt werden, dass auch die developmental states Ostasiens, also vor allem Südkorea und Taiwan …”

Marianne Kneuer Die Suche nach Legitimität. Außenpolitik als Legitimationsstrategie autokratischer Regime S. 210-241

„… Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Latin America, Hrsg. Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter und …” „… for Democracy in Greece 1974-1983. In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe, Hrsg …” „… Slater. 2006. Institutions of the Offensive. Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian …”

André Bank, Thomas Richter Autoritäre Monarchien im Nahen Osten Bedingungen für Überleben und Zusammenbruch seit 1945 S. 389-422

„… Frantz. 2011. Authoritarian Regimes: A New Data Set. Manuscript. Pennsylvania State University …” „… und Staatsbildung (religious and state-building legitimation = legitim) als eine doppelseitige …” „… bei der historischen Entwicklung des Staates (state-building) zukommt. Hier wird angenommen, dass …”

Steffen Kailitz, Patrick Köllner Zur Autokratieforschung der Gegenwart: Klassifi katorische Vorschläge, theoretische Ansätze und analytische Dimensionen S. 14-39

„… Demokratie und Autokratie: „most authoritarian governments that hold elections are not hybrids but simply …” „… successful, well institutionalized authoritarian regimes” (Geddes 2005, S. 6). 11 Kailitz/Köllner | Zur …” „… . Some Problems in the Study of Authoritarian Regimes. Working Paper Series, IPSA Committee on Concepts …”

Jörn Knobloch Zwischen Fremd- und Selbstreferenz: Typologie und Wandel von Autokratien in der Weltgesellschaft S. 40-64

„… . Authoritarian Legality and Informal Practices. Judges, Lawyers and the State in Russia and China. Communist and …” „… . Russian Bureaucracy and the State. Offi cialdom from Alexander III to Vladimir Putin. London/New York …” „… 21:69-80. Schedler, Andreas. 2009. The New Institutionalism in the Study of Authoritarian Regimes …”

Jörg Wischermann Zivilgesellschaften als Stütze autoritärer Regime. Das Fallbeispiel Vietnam S. 329-358

„… . Kreitmeyr, Nadine. 2011. The Politics of Societal Actors in Authoritarian States: State- Society Relations …” „… . Diesen Mechanismus nennt Stenner „authoritarian dynamic“. Mit den nachfolgend aufgelisteten vier …” „… aims of those supporting them, including the state, and the donors“ (Liverani 2008, S. 169 …”

Uwe Backes Vier Grundtypen der Autokratie und ihre Legitimierungsstrategien S. 162-180

„… . 1997. Ideology, Sects, State and Totalitarianism: A General Theory. In Totalitarismus und politische …” „… Authoritarian Modernization in the Arab World. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. Frank, Rüdiger. 2008. Nordkorea …” „… Adam Przeworski. 2007. Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats. Comparative Political …”

Susanne Pickel Demokratie, Anokratie, Autokratie und die Verwirklichung der Rechte von Frauen – Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Gender Empowerment, Wertestrukturen und Regimepersistenz S. 443-481

„… Political Science 2:115-144. Geddes, Barbara, Joseph Wright, und Erica Frantz. 2011. Authoritarian Regimes …” „… Individualdaten des WVS werden für jedes Land als Zustimmungsanteile zum jeweiligen Statement aggregiert und …”

Jørgen Møller, Wolfgang Muno, Svend-Erik Skaaning Internationaler Strukturwandel und Autokratie S. 91-110

„… State in the Middle East and North Africa. Comparative Politics 20:1-18. Barro, Robert, und R. McCleary …” „… , Hazem. 1990. The Rentier State in the Arab World. In The Arab State, Hrsg. Giacomo Luciani, 49-62 …” „… University Press. Hinnebusch, Raymond. 2006. Authoritarian Persistence, Democratization Theory and the …”

Julia Bader, Antje Kästner Externe Autokratieförderung? Das autokratiefördernde Potenzial russischer und chinesischer Außenpolitik S. 569-591

„… . 2010. Constructing a Framework of Authoritarian Diffusion: Concepts, Dynamics, and Futu re Research …” „… . International Studies Perspectives 11:375-392. Ambrosio, Thomas. 2009. Authoritarian Backlash: Russian …” „… 7:255-287. Chestnut, Sheena. 2010. Regime Security and Counter-diffusion: Sources of Authoritarian learning …”

Thomas Richter Außenhandelsrestriktionen bei Autokratien: Eine empirische Analyse zum Einfl uss von Devisenreserven, politischer Off enheit, Renten und Regimetyp S. 533-568

„… . Authoritarian Regimes: A New Data Set. The Pennsylvania State University: Departement of Political Science …” „… ders.: Democratization: The State of the Art, 52-64. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften …” „… Panel-data Models. Stata Journal 3:168-177. Escribà-Folch, Abe. 2012. Authoritarian Responses to Foreign …”

Gert Pickel Die kulturelle Verankerung von Autokratien – Bestandserhalt durch ideologische Legitimationsstrategien und ökonomische Legitimität oder Demokratisierung? S. 181-209

„… . Authoritarian Regimes. In Comparative Politics. Hrsg. Daniele Caramani, 133-156. Oxford: Oxford University Press …” „… . 2008. The Democratic Rollback. The Resurgence of the Predatory State. Foreign Affairs 2:36-48. Diamond …” „… . 2007. Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats. Comparative Political Studies …”

Manfred G. Schmidt Staatstätigkeit in Autokratien und Demokratien S. 423-442

„… Dictatorship revisited. Public Choice 143:67-101. Christoff, Peter, und Robyn Eckersley. 2011. Comparing State …” „… . Aldershot u.a.: Ashgate. Hadenius, Axel, und Jan Teorell. 2006. Authoritarian Regimes: Stability, Change …” „… und Gerhard Ritter, The Rise and Fall of a Socialist Welfare State. The German Democratic Republic …”

Matthias Basedau, Sebastian Elischer Auf dem Rückzug in die Kasernen? Autoritäre Herrschaft und das Militär im subsaharischen Afrika S. 359-388

„… politischer Krisen (Anderson 2011). Als Datenquelle werden die US State Department Human Right Reports der …” „… Strategien und Institutionen autokratischer Herrschaftssicherung State Department Human Right Reports der …” „… letzten zehn Jahren nicht als failed oder failing state klassifi ziert. In failing states, wie Somalia …”

Daniel Stockemer Autokratien und Regierungsqualität: Eine vergleichende Studie S. 482-504

„… , Dictators and Kings – Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Confl ict 1973 – 2004. Confl ict Management and Peace …” „… University Press. Linz, Juan J. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner …” „… Power Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule. Comparative Political Studies 41:715-741 …”

Steffen Kailitz Macht der Autokratietyp einen Unterschied für das Wirtschaftswachstum? S. 505-532

„… Philippine State: The Politics of Patrimonial Plunder. World Politics 43:414-450. Islam, Nazrul. 1995 …” „… Wissenschafts- Verlag. Linz, Juan. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner …” „… . Boston: Unwin Hyman. Robinson, James A. 2001. When is a State Predatory …”

Patrick Köllner Informelle Institutionen in Autokratien: Konzeptionell-analytische Grundlagen und der Fall der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas S. 277-302

„… Staaten“ (predatory states, vgl. Evans 1989), in denen die Ressourcen des Staates zur Beute der …” „… than specifi c governments, but they are typically less permanent than the state”. Für eine konzise …” „… institutions–the state constitution, the party charter, and the various written prescriptions on the fora in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845244655

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