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Enrico Zoffoli

Beyond Consensus

Series: Studies in Political Theory

Volume 4 2013

Results in this title

Public reasons as objective reasons S. 100-103

„… 100 2.2. Four conceptions of objectivity 2.2.1 Public reasons as objective reasons In the …” „… other hand, reasons are "inherently shareable" and essentially public because the idea of a private …” „… insisted that R* defeats a freestanding reason R despite the fact that R* is not public? No, because Andy …”

Against public reason’s Shareability Requirement S. 225-226

„… . 3.8 The dominant view of public reason rejected 3.8.1 Against public reason’s Shareability …” „… View of Public Reason should be refined and turned into the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public …” „… , consensus theorists should show that public reasons are in fact immune against private defeaters, either …”

Private and public reasons S. 53-54

„… L, R is a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen would be justified in …” „… conclude that P is publicly justified. The Consensus View of Public Reason, then, is consistent with weak …” „… shareable if the reasons they refer to justify the same policy or proposal. 91 1.3.3 Private and public …”

The site of public reason S. 42-44

„… of public reason. The first phrase is necessary because it reminds us that liberty is the status quo …” „… who wish to remain free. 1.2.3 The site of public reason The Principle of Political Liberty has …” „… important implications concerning the site of public reason, where by “site of public reason” I mean the …”

The Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason S. 223-225

„… liberty, the more we undermine the ideal of public reason. Still, in a reasonably limited amount of cases …” „… appropriate way. 3.7.5 The Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason On closer inspection, however …” „… the Convergence View of Public Reason claims: Convergence View of Public Reason: (A) Liberty should …”

Strong and weak consensus S. 49-53

„… result, only public/shareable reasons can be drawn upon in public reasoning. Convergence, by contrast …” „… what Bohman dubs “plural public reason”, where “a single norm of reasonableness is not presupposed in …” „… 49 sons into account, would endorse L. (C) Both shareable/public and nonshareable/private reasons …”

The role of religious reasons S. 56-61

„… political reasoning that reasonable citizens of faith must regard as unacceptable, public reason fails to …” „… account of the full range of citizens’ reasons, while consensus expunges from public reasoning a number of …” „… endorse”.107 So formulated, the doctrine of public reason does not clearly prohibit reasoning from both …”

b Overview of the argument S. 24-28

„… fundamental commitment to reason publicly, we thereby commit ourselves to reasoning in shareable or public …” „… , that all reasonable citizens reason in the same way; in order to achieve public justification, on a …” „… assumption the Freestandingness Thesis: R is a public or shareable reason if, and only if, every reasonable …”

The value of full publicity S. 186-190

„… , departs from public reason’s traditional ideal of a shared commitment to justice, whereas public reasoning …” „… of public reason and downplay the inherently epistemological character of justification. To come …” „… result, according to Quong, our constituency of public reason should comprise only members who refrain …”

Conclusion S. 233-240

„… committed to the ideal of public reason should advocate only public or shareable reasons. Rainer Forst …” „… honor public reason when we justify our proposals on the basis of reasons that “all citizens” could …” „… opposed to narrow) view of public reason because it holds that all exercise of political power (and not …”

Three levels of publicness S. 54-56

„… This seems the line of reasoning behind Samuel Freeman’s claim that public reason “implies” shared …” „… from public reasoning a number of reasons which citizens might deem relevant. As a result, consensus …” „… shareable/public reasons can be drawn upon in public reasoning (see § 1.3.1 above). …”

a Consensus and convergence S. 20-24

„… way come down to reasoning on the basis of public viz. shareable reasons is even more dominant among …” „… reasoning in shareable or public terms. Others simply deny that there are such things as “private reasons …” „… 20 II. Questioning the dominant view of public reason II.a Consensus and convergence Thus far, I …”

The principle of public justification S. 46-48

„… public reason may be unable to provide determinate answers to all the questions it addresses. Thus, in …” „… the event that “first-order neutrality” (adherence to what public reason justifies) is for some reason …” „… , that the task of public reason is to narrow down the list of options from which democratic majorities …”

The concept of public justification and its conceptions S. 48-49

„… reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Only shareable/public reasons …” „… , it is shareable; as a result, only public/shareable reasons can be drawn upon in public reasoning …” „… embrace what Bohman dubs “plural public reason”, where “a single norm of reasonableness is not presupposed …”

Weak Shareability Requirement? S. 85-88

„… , that FT should be replaced with Weak Freestandingness Thesis (WFT): R is a public reason for …” „… uncertainty, the theorist of public reason should favor liberty over coercion, just as a judge should acquit …” „… citizens happen to be willing to endorse laws backed by suspended reasons, the theorist of public reason …”

The asymmetry between rightness claims and truth claims S. 137-140

„… public reason. b) Theoretical reasoning is universal in scope, in that it presupposes an enlarged …” „… 137 But is practical objectivity required of public reason? Most theorists of public reason think …” „… justification and theoretical rationality differ in both a) function and scope b). a) Public reason and …”

c Content and method S. 28-32

„… consensus view public reasoning should draw exclusively on reasons that are actually affirmed by all …” „… public reason, which holds that all coercive laws must be publicly justified to their addressees. If a …” „… be contrasted with the “narrow view” of public reason, according to which laws need not be publicly …”

A twofold presumption in favor of convergence S. 88-90

„… , one cannot consistently claim that R is a public reason for L unless one shows that L is backed by an …” „… Public Reason makes it impossible to verify whether allegedly shareable reasons are public. 1.5.7 A …” „… cooperation grounded on public reasons, one needs to have an account of what public reasons are. But as soon …”

A further problem S. 226-231

„… of “reasons-weighing reasons”, public discourse conducted in freestanding terms will be forced to …” „… reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Public reasons are good …” „… amended to the following thesis: Shareability as Common Open Justification (SCOJ): R is a public reason …”

The role of the public sphere S. 190-191

„… concern with the generation of “common knowledge”. In fact it is the public sphere, and not public reason …” „… employed in public justification. But (a) has unacceptable implications. While public reason may well rule …” „… on the reasons and arguments that people can advance within the public sphere. It would be grotesque …”

A discourse-theoretical approach to universalization S. 140-143

„… . So the question now is: Given a prima facie asymmetry between public reason and theoretical reasoning …” „… the specific function of public reason and its limited scope. In a way, function and scope of public …” „… reason are two sides of the same coin. By conflating the function of public reason with that of …”

b Justificatory liberalism S. 13-20

„… deal with in this book. This alternative view is normally referred to as public reason liberalism or …” „… justificatory liberalism. Public reason liberalism is a sophisticated and attractive conception, which in the …” „… they are coercive. To use Joel Feinberg’s terminology, public reason liberalism sees liberty as a basic …”

Bibliography S. 241-249

„… reason: a reply to Professor Weithman”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 20: 66–76. --- (2000): Religious …” „… and Public Reason”, Veritas 55(1): 135-163. Benn, Stanley (1988): A Theory of Freedom, Cambridge …” „… ) “Recognized Rights as Devices of Public Reason”, Philosophical Perspectives: Ethics 23: 111-136. --- (2009b …”

The argument from sincerity S. 162-166

„… literature on public reason live up to this task. This chapter has the following structure. Sections §3.2 …” „… public reason by permitting or even encouraging citizens to be insincere with one another. I shall …” „… contends that convergence neglects the inherently symmetrical character of public reason, placing …”

The Freestandingness Thesis S. 74-76

„… reasonable citizen has private defeaters for R, I shall argue, R is not a public reason, even if R is arrived …” „… 74 domain of public reason a number of reasons (especially religious reasons) to which some …” „… to take private defeaters into account, insisting that once all public reasons have been factored in …”

Appropriateness-based arguments for consensus S. 93-95

„… the ideal of public reason, Bea should put aside her private beliefs for the same reason why Justice …” „… for can be supported by the political values of public reason”.170 This seems to lead directly to what …” „… public reason should abstain from appealing to them. They should rather endeavor to “give arguments that …”

The Meta-Convergence View of Shareability S. 182-184

„… shareable/public reason for L if, and only if, all reasonable epistemic doctrines hold that R is a shareable/public …” „… selecting eligible conceptions of public reason. An interesting question is how well C2 and C3 would fare …” „… public justification deems justificatory. The whole point of public reason is to lay out a justificatory …”

The role of moral epistemology S. 176-179

„… Shareability: R is a public reason for L if and only if it is affirmed by all reasonable citizens (if properly …” „… which (III) relies. According to SPP, it will be recalled, we should favor conceptions of public reason …” „… conceptions of public reason that do not presuppose any kind of epistemology. Importantly, these two …”

Rawls on the overlapping consensus S. 61-63

„… reasonable answer by public reason to all or nearly all questions concerning constitutionals essentials and …” „… as justification (as opposed to “stability for the right reasons”) is concerned, public reasoning …” „… 61 1.4.2 Rawls on the overlapping consensus In Rawls’s view, we honor public reason when we judge …”

The Political View of Shareability S. 184-186

„… epistemically flawed reasons to shape the outcome of public reasoning. But if this is so, then, political …” „… counts as a public reason. In other words, a metaconvergence on the set of shareable reasons would …” „… inevitably lead to a convergence model of public reason. The upshot is that political liberals may indeed …”

Summary S. 96-98

„… citizens are permitted to act unreasonably and hence that the Convergence View of Public Reason is …” „… hand, though, clause (C) of the Convergence View of Public Reason permits citizens to rely on reasons …” „… first chapter I set the stage for my argument about consensus and convergence models of public reason. I …”

The argument from reasonable compliance S. 198-202

„… constituency of public reason, it seems plausible to assume that all reasonable “comprehensive doctrines” would …” „… means reasoning in freestanding terms, so the link between the Consensus View of Public Reason and …” „… compliance is moot because theorists of public reason are concerned exclusively with reasonable citizens: if …”

The Commonsense View of Shareability S. 179-182

„… reasonable epistemic doctrines hold that R is a shareable/public reason for L. The Meta-Convergence View of …” „… share: “In a large and diverse liberal society, public reason … requires that the reasons we offer to …” „… works Rawls argued for the so called “wide view” of public reason, which allows citizens to introduce …”

Overview of the argument S. 33-34

„… that private reasons should be expunged from public reasoning and yet private reasons 52 “Idea” and …” „… which reasonable citizens should honor. As Rawls notes, public reason is both an idea and an ideal (J …” „… 33 1. Two models of public reason 1.1. Overview of the argument In this book I follow a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… 09:03Enrico ZoffoliNomosPublic Reason and the Role of ConvergenceBeyond ConsensusBUT_Zoffoli_0506-1.indd …” „… couple of delicious IPAs); for writing Justificatory Liberalism and The Order of Public Reason: my …” „… , April 2013 Enrico Zoffoli 7Table of contents Introduction 11 I. Public reason as a theory of liberalism …”

A first presumption in favor of convergence S. 73-74

„… (§1.3.3), R is a public/shareable reasons for endorsing law L if, and only if, every reasonable citizen …” „… principles, voters committed to the ideal of public reason should not support proposals which cannot be …” „… conclusively justified over liberty. The task of public reason is to identify an “eligible set” of proposals …”

Why the sincerity requirement does not justify consensus S. 173-176

„… reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Public reasons are good …” „… not justify consensus Should we conclude that we have reason to reject converge models of public …” „… sincerely deems both false and unjustified. A public reason liberal, however, might wonder to what extent …”

Why the argument from symmetry is misguided S. 212-215

„… the public reason liberal. Now of course this line of reasoning seems unavoidable when it comes to …” „… anarchists and arch-libertarians are not part of our constituency of public reason. But if these people are …” „… with (and indeed, required by) the fundamental commitment to publicly justify. As public reason …”

Deepening the problem S. 63-66

„… justified by appealing to reasons all can accept. Rather, those public reasons must be backed by, or at …” „… justification must proceed from a pool of sharable public reasons, publicly justified laws must be also …” „… justificatory stage? What is exactly its function? Public reason liberals have come up with a number of …”

Limits of appropriateness-based arguments for consensus S. 95-96

„… public reason. Consider, for instance, the category of the “reasonable”, which is typically seen as …” „… Convergence View of Public Reason permits citizens to rely on reasons which reasonable citizens should refrain …” „… , for it can never be the case that private reasons defeat public reasons. By the same token …”

Discourse theory and epistemic pluralism S. 143-144

„… asymmetry between public reason and theoretical reasoning, why should we take ethical reasons to be …” „… need to stress is that there is a clear presumption against the thesis that public reason, which is …” „… conception of public reason, according to which public reason aspires to provide an impartial, universal …”

Validity claims S. 134-137

„… postmetaphysical reason exhausts the idea of public justification. The question, in other words, must be raised as …” „… convincing case for an “objectivist” post-metaphysical conception of public reason, according to which public …” „… truth-tracking objective reasons. If this is the function of public reason, then (II) is warranted: all …”

Rejecting some major arguments for consensus S. 144-146

„… a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen would be openly justified in …” „… conception of public reason, according to which public reason aspires to provide an impartial, universal …” „… justification of rightness claims based on truth-tracking objective reasons. If this is the function of public …”

Full publicity as a justificatory device S. 191-194

„… superset of public reasons – just like convergence is a superset of consensus. Convergence does not rule …” „… freestanding and private views. Similarly, to state that the public sphere must permit the use private reason …” „… openness toward private reasons should enervate the public sphere’s ability to generate common knowledge …”

Overview of the argument S. 99-100

„… prima facie problematic because they may violate public reason’s conclusiveness requirement (§1.4) and …” „… of arguments in general. Specifically, I shall argue that theorists of public reason should embrace a …” „… . Section §2.9 concludes. 100 2.2. Four conceptions of objectivity 2.2.1 Public reasons as objective …”

Overview of the argument S. 161-162

„… the Consensus View of Public Reason insist that we should “[limit] arguments to shared reasons in …” „… words, appropriateness-based arguments for consensus suggest that the constituency of public reason …” „… constituency of public reason, are not supposed to share those reasons in the first place. Yet those who insist …”

The argument from normative stability S. 194-198

„… constituency of public reason, it seems plausible to assume that all reasonable “comprehensive doctrines” would …” „… View of Public Reason would not allow odd libertarian results of this kind. Of course, none of this …” „… Convergence View of Public Reason. Notice that 354 See J. Quong 2011, 165-68, and B. Barry 1995a. 355 G. Gaus …”

Summary S. 231-232

„… 231 excluding from the eligible set coercive proposals which all members of the public have reason …” „… private reasons are inappropriate justificatory grounds, and hence that the constituency of public reason …” „… “argument from symmetry”. Yet even these arguments fail to convince. In defending public reason’s principle …”

Some misgivings about the presumption in favor of liberty S. 38-42

„… ” liberty to act as they see fit. Now in a way this is unavoidable, since public reason is a theory of …” „… moral relations with others is an appeal to authority, yet public reason liberalism insists that we are …” „… not public reason presupposes a right to justification, only legal duties stand in need of public …”

The narrow symmetry objection S. 221-223

„… Public Reason. Consider again our case: Bea supports L, while Andy rejects it L; however both L and ~L …” „… appropriate way. 3.7.5 The Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason On closer inspection, however …” „… the Convergence View of Public Reason claims: Convergence View of Public Reason: (A) Liberty should …”

The Principle of Political Liberty S. 34-38

„… principles 1.2.1 The Principle of Political Liberty The concept of public reason answers two questions …” „… understood on analogy with the presumption of innocence within trial law. The theorist of public reason must …” „… the introduction I called a “global” conception of public reason. In the introduction, however, I …”

Why the sincerity requirement undermines convergence S. 169-173

„… of the reasonable. In fact, he sides with Rawls in refusing to tie the ideal of public reason to …” „… of our constituency of public reason, then, we need to introduce at least some minimal degree of …” „… should favor conceptions of public reason that exclude as few actually (i.e., sincerely) held beliefs as …”

Rejecting the Derivative Justification Thesis S. 44-46

„… committed to the ideal of public reason can support permissible proposals over which reasonable people …” „… course, that democracy is a fundamental device of adjudication, since public reason may be unable to …” „… neutrality” (adherence to what public reason justifies) is for some reason impossible or unable to yield …”

Back to post-metaphysical rationality S. 154-156

„… expunged from public justification? Of course not. First, private reasons can justify coercion if they …” „… justification”.285 Again, the key idea behind convergence models of public reason is that unless coercive laws …” „… : If the fundamental aim of public reason is to justify coercion to its addressees, including Andy, why …”

Are private reasons necessarily defeated? S. 133-134

„… , however, must be raised as to whether postmetaphysical reason exhausts the idea of public justification …” „… of public reason, according to which public reason aspires to provide an impartial, universal …” „… justification of rightness claims based on truth-tracking objective reasons. If this is the function of public …”

A more moderate defense of consensus? S. 146-149

„… is a reason for law L, R is a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen …” „… shareability: Populist View of Shareability: If R is a reason for law L, R is a public/shareable reason if …” „… ) I argued that conclusiveness is a requirement of public reason. According to the Conclusiveness …”

Intelligibility and relevance S. 166-169

„… reason for accepting X, in that it is consistent with the non-public doctrine that Bea reasonably adheres …” „… principle (SPP) for selecting eligible conceptions of public reason. For the time being, however, we can set …” „… among bad-willed citizens would make the project of public reason impossible. Justificatory liberals …”

Why the argument from symmetry seems appealing S. 210-212

„… justification is the public at large. Hence, a reason R* is stronger than another reason R only if all members …” „… of the public are committed to believing so. But if R* is a private reason of Andy’s this cannot be …” „… first place. It seems, then, that the symmetrical character of public reason renders R stronger than R …”

Suspended freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 84-85

„… necessary condition for being a public reason, it follows that in case C) R is not public, regardless of …” „… seems, then, that FT should be replaced with Weak Freestandingness Thesis (WFT): R is a public reason …” „… uncertainty, the theorist of public reason should favor liberty over coercion, just as a judge should acquit …”

What defeats what? S. 151-154

„… use of private reasons, it does not undermine the convergence view of public justification. If we …” „… ? Shouldn’t we simply conclude that private reasons should be expunged from public justification? Of course …” „… behind convergence models of public reason is that unless coercive laws can be accepted by all citizens …”

The Conclusiveness Thesis S. 71-73

„… options. RCT looks difficult to meet. In fact, the crux of public reason is to select among options …” „… principles, voters committed to the ideal of public reason should not support proposals which cannot be …” „… conclusively justified over liberty. The task of public reason is to identify an “eligible set” of proposals …”

Strength-based arguments for consensus S. 91-93

„… simply assume that citizens committed to the ideal of public reason should reason in shareable terms …” „… 91 reason, which, as such, can be legitimately advocated as a defeater for R. Again, this claim …” „… would warrant the thesis that freestanding reasons are both conclusive and shareable, thereby rebutting …”

Rebutted freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 81-84

„… considered a reason of his. Contrary to FT, then, in cases A) and B) R turns out to be not a public reason …” „… * is not part of Bea’s belief system. Contrary to FT, however, R turns out to be not a public reason …” „… Shareability holds that being justificatory is a necessary condition for being a public reason, it follows that …”

Framing the issue S. 202-205

„… criticism of convergence models of public reason, which, being interpretations of the general Concept of …” „… Public Reason, rely on the presumption in favor of liberty.378 That is, one could argue that although the …” „… theory, this justificatory asymmetry is prima facie suspicious. Public reason has a powerful emancipative …”

Freestanding rationales and general interests S. 207-210

„… of the public have a number of shareable reasons for endorsing a comprehensive system of rights. To …” „… reason taken in isolation. A freestanding rationale is rather the outcome of freestanding reasoning …” „… Andy refrain from rejecting coercive proposal on account of reasons that others cannot reasonably …”

A challenge for consensus S. 90-91

„… self-defeating. Remember that according to clause (C) of the Consensus View of Public Reason (the Shareability …” „… Requirement), only shareable reasons are “good reasons”, while the Convergence View of Public Reason holds …” „… ideal of public reason should reason in shareable terms. Rather, they must come up with some convincing …”

The scope of private defeaters S. 156-158

„… post-metaphysical conception of rationality which has proven inadequate for the doctrine of public reason. Carrying …” „… View of Public Reason (§2.1, see also §1.5.6). First, justificatory reasons must be conclusive: if they …” „… freestanding reasoning, whereby all single freestanding reasons are accounted for and factored in. If all …”

The (alleged) priority of freestanding reasons S. 149-151

„… , free and equal citizens would not be able to engage in public reasoning in the first place. Forst, on …” „… 149 Therefore, (T2) Freestanding reasons are both shareable and conclusive. Both the …” „… freestanding reasons So far I have assumed that the discourse-theoretical argument for consensus is a radical …”

Undermined freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 79-81

„… imagine a constituency of public reason whose members agree that Rbarb2rightL is part of U. The members of …” „… public reason, which all, including Andy, are committed to sharing. But this seems clearly false. Once it …” „… , then, in cases A) and B) R turns out to be not a public reason, but a private reason of Bea’s. 1.5.4 …”

The Non-Coercive Rejection Thesis S. 215-216

„… different convergence conception, which I shall call the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. Thus …” „… the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. 3.7.2 Contested property rights One could …” „… its underlying Strong Burden Thesis. However, we should explore further the idea that public reasoning …”

Two kinds of defeaters S. 66-69

„… alternatives). Suppose that, exercising her reason as a free and equal member of the public, Betty concludes …” „… capacities as a free and equal member of the public, Betty concludes that she has more reason to accept LB …” „… 66 [J]ustifying reasons must be conclusive: they must defeat other considerations one might have …”

a Varieties of liberalism S. 11-13

„… 11 Introduction I. Public reason as a theory of liberalism I.a Varieties of liberalism If anything …” „… normally referred to as public reason liberalism or justificatory liberalism. Public reason liberalism is a …” „… justify coercion through public reasoning. By comparing and contrasting justificatory liberalism with the …”

Conclusive justification S. 69-71

„… the same line of reasoning to the level of public justification. In order to justify L to Bea, Andy …” „… defeated by some more compelling reasons against L. Rather, Andy must reasonably substantiate the claim …” „… 69 system (and these reasons are not themselves defeated), then ? is conclusively unjustified to …”

Procedures of abstraction S. 76-79

„… , on Gaus’s view ? cannot lead to purely political results because ? (and public reason in general …” „… problem with FT lies, let us imagine a constituency of public reason whose members agree that Rbarb2rightL …” „… ”, “moral” and “religious” reasons for action and beliefs.145 Second, comprehensive doctrines must be …”

Contested property rights S. 216-218

„… leads to the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. 3.7.2 Contested property rights One could …” „… , public reasoning will be symmetrical in a very straightforward sense: those who reject L assume the role …” „… in her view would improve the public health care system. Bea ranks L over no law at all. L would …”

The Strong Burden Thesis and the Weak Burden Thesis S. 205-207

„… , convergence is an acceptable conception of public reason only if the Weak Burden Thesis is correct. The …” „… public reasoning is “more symmetrical”, as it were, than convergence models and their underlying Weak …” „… different. If (1) is true, then Andy can reject coercive proposals on the basis of his private reasons …”

Ethical discourses and open justification S. 129-133

„… ) discourse-theoretical argument for consensus must turn. 2.6. Public reason and post-metaphysical rationality 2.6.1 …” „… ? is not freestanding it is not actually a reason (2). Gaus thus seems to imply that, according to …” „… Habermas, Andy has a reason to endorse ? if, and only if, everyone, including him, is openly justified in …”

Some important remarks S. 125-127

„… our situated perspective. Yet they point to a valuable insight, since post-metaphysical reason should …” „… argument for consensus defends the priority of freestanding/objective reasons by rehearsing the fundamental …” „… , it must be justifiable to all with the same reasons. These idea has been elegantly developed by …”

When liberty is not an available default S. 218-221

„… . Surely the main reason why such a coercive act would be very difficult to justify is the fact that Bea …” „… is her property, injury is done not simply by reason of physical possession, but first and foremost …” „… the same reason, Gaus stresses that property rights have a “fundamental place” in a liberal “free and …”

Summary S. 158-160

„… Public Reason (§2.1, see also §1.5.6). First, justificatory reasons must be conclusive: if they are to …” „… decisive reasons for (and especially against) coercion? Second, if private reasons may defeat freestanding …” „… reasons identified by the correct abstraction procedure ?, the latter may be not only non-conclusive, but …”

Rejecting the top-down argument for consensus S. 120-122

„… of reasoning behind the top-down argument for consensus, though for slightly different reasons …” „… demand that an average (or below average) reasoner achieve the same amount of internal consistency that …” „… justified belief systems can provide proper justificatory reasons, open justification must always take one’s …”

Moderate externalism S. 112-114

„… any sort of reasons and beliefs, not all reasons will be shared. Indeed, there might be no public or …” „… has a reason to join the army. Similarly, it may well be true that people in pain should be assisted …” „… , and hence that there is a reason for Andy to assist Bea if she is in pain. But if none of Andy’s moral …”

Four strength-based arguments for consensus S. 103-106

„… Wall suggest this line of reasoning. In their view, for instance, to say that one has a reason not to …” „… emphasis on the priority of “moral” over “ethical” reasons. 2.2.2 Four strength-based arguments for …” „… reasons. If a consideration is not comprised by U, on this view, it is not actually a reason, as it does …”

Internalism S. 114-117

„… might be no public or shared reasons at all, since Andy’s and Bea’s actual beliefs might not overlap in …” „… must embrace an internalist conception of justification or “Reason Affirmation Thesis”,204 according to …” „… which Andy’s actually affirming R is a necessary and sufficient condition for R to be a reason of Andy’s …”

The basic (radical) argument S. 122-125

„… 122 flawed, in that it purports to infer the epistemic conclusion that reasons are necessarily …” „… shareable and conclusive (T2) from a metaphysical conception of the reasons that there are. If no further …” „… premises are added, the argument can at best prove that there are only shareable reasons (III). I argued …”

The basic argument S. 106-110

„… said, people naturally aim at “right reason” – they insist that their reasoning reveals the truth, thus …” „… they are in principle neutral on whether or not R is a reason that actual agents can be reasonably said …” „… rational agents does not mean that any such agent can be reasonably said to have those reasons. It simply …”

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Wojciech Sadurski Judicial Duty of (Public) Reason-Giving S. 595-604

„… 595 Wojciech Sadurski JUDICIAL DUTY OF (PUBLIC) REASON-GIVING Abstract In this short essay offered …” „… judicial public reason-giving, I consider and rebut two main objections to the ideal of public reason: the …” „… ; Reason-giving; Public discourse; Candour; John Rawls 1. Introduction Judge and Professor Mirosław Wyrzykowski …”

Matthias Mahlmann Lies, Contempt, and Democracy. The Politics of Falsehood and the Destruction of Democracy’s Life-World S. 441-454

„… public reason in the interest of all. Democracy, however, is not only preferable to other regimes …” „… Veränderung zugänglich ist.’ 24 Cf. S. Gosepath, ‘The publicity of reason(ing)’, Yearbook for Eastern and …” „… deliberation in the public sphere for democracy is based on the assumption that standards for reasonable …”

Jakub Urbanik, Paweł Marcisz Juristocracy Rainbow-Tested: The Case of Poland S. 705-742

„… context, though, was commonly known: the Mayor’s public statements revealing his true reasons to block …” „… claiming public security as a reason. His decision was upheld by the Provincial Governor of Wielkopolska …” „… our topic we have been captivated by Ran Hirschl’s explanation of the reason some judiciaries grew so …”

Matthias Ruffert Ultra Vires: Four Reasons for Distinguishing S. 587-594

„… 587 Matthias Ruffert ULTRA VIRES: FOUR REASONS FOR DISTINGUISHING Abstract Political reactions …” „… ) manifestly failed to consider the principle of proportionality in assessing the Public Sector Purchase …” „… force in Germany.’3 Of course, the PSPP-judgment caused reactions in the general public and legal …”

András Sajó Demons Exposed: Freedom of Expression Justifications Challenged by the Internet S. 623-638

„… communication space and dehumanization is a constant danger. Partly for similar reasons a certain departure …” „… ; Broadcasting regulation; Hate speech; Freedom of expression Lawyers and the general public tend to take …” „… thought goes into the reasons behind the acceptance of the axiom. This is convenient. It saves a soul …”

Jiří Přibáň Constitutional Theory and the Imaginary of Human Rights S. 555-566

„… skeptical ‘healers’ who keep us vigilant against prejudices of reason and all kinds of wishful thinking.4 …” „… acquires the otherwise disappearing Father image and enjoys almost religious reverence by the public.10 …” „… positive law’s boundary. When legal arguments adopt moral reasons as their foundations, they do not need …”

Ben Smulders Some Reflections about the Role of the Rule of Law in a Democratic System in which the European Union Operates S. 665-678

„… that must remain free from public interference.3 It also means, he stated, that it is for judges …” „… ipso facto any act of public authorities in a democracy. For instance, the majority does not have the …” „… right to exempt those holding public office from being answerable before an independent judge for any …”

Uwe Kischel Step Forward for Europe – the German Constitutional Court’s Decision on PSPP S. 301-322

„… reasoning known to European governments and citizens alike. This is another reason why the somewhat limited …” „… denied binding effect to the ECB decisions on the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP), enjoining …” „… reasons for distinguishing’, pp. 587–593, as well A. Voßkuhle, ‘Applaus von der falschen Seite. Zur …”

Hinnerk Wißmann Liberty and Protection of Life – Border Issues of the Constitutional State S. 763-772

„… caesura of the modern world. Several reasons can be given for this observation. First of all, of course …” „… Basic Law), not in relation to individual basic rights. For this reason, human dignity has been …” „… access to the services of the health care system.26 For this reason, a debate on state obligations to …”

Matej Avbelj The Future of Europe beyond the Constitutional Crisis S. 23-34

„… before. In the presence of this commitment, there should be no reason for concern for the wellbeing of a …” „… ’, Journal of European Public Policy 4.4 (1997). 18 J. H. H. Weiler, ‘To be a European Citizen – Eros and …” „… Civilization’, Journal of European Public Policy 4.4 (1997). 19 CJEU, C-294/83 – Les Verts (Judgment of 23 …”

Andrzej Drzemczewski The Erosion of the Rule of Law and of Judicial Independence in Poland since 2015: the Council of Europe’s Reaction – too Little, too Late? S. 149-168

„… entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly …” „… : http://www.wccj2017.lt/data/public/uploads/2016/09/concept-wccjga2016004-e.pdf. 20 Report of the United Nations …” „… biased control of the public broadcaster. The Assembly also regrets the fact that the polarisation in …”

Martin Krygier The Spirit of Constitutionalism S. 357-372

„… judges for reasons of historical legacy. The non-formalistic strategy of judicial reasoning is …” „… envisaged, but there were reasons both to hope it might work and to think it should.4 1 G. Sartori …” „… reasons to worry about arbitrary power, and it has long been worried about. That is why reflections on …”

Stephanos Stavros Tribunal Established by Law: Some Thoughts on the Guðmundur Andri Ástráðsson v Iceland Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights S. 679-692

„… ‘increase public confidence in an independent judiciary’ since the 70s.17 To achieve this, it set up in …” „… ; moreover, she had failed to provide cogent reasons for disagreeing with the committee’s proposal. While …” „… was no reason to doubt that the applicant had had a fair trial before independent and impartial …”

Vilenas Vadapalas Res Judicata in Comparative Perspective of International Law, European Union Law and European Convention of Human Rights S. 743-754

„… Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In public …” „… judged’. Expedit rei publicae ut sit finis litium – it is in public interest that there should be an end …” „… general principle of law res judicata is applicable in public international law and European Union law …”

Adam Łazowski Legal Adventures of the Man on the Clapham Omnibus S. 415-426

„… by the courts when in doubt about how an ordinary, yet reasonable member of the public would behave …” „… . T. C. McQuire who composed the music and wrote the script. Whether the members of the public were …” „… that: Every man who published a book commits himself to the judgment of the public, and any one may …”

Stephan Breitenmoser, Oliver Schmid The Right to Abortion in the European Convention of Human Rights S. 105-118

„… make her case public by contacting a friend, this can reasonably be regarded as a call for assistance …” „… . Second, also the three requirements for justifications of interferences of State or public authorities …” „… ) obligation to act in order to protect a right of privacy, relying on one of the eight public interests and …”

Dimitry Kochenov Rule of Law as a Tool to Claim Supremacy S. 323-336

„… potentially able to play a positive role in the context of a dialogical Rule of Law in the EU. The reasons …” „… regularly questioned12 – something one does not observe in the case of the majority of states. The reasons …” „… dialogue is observable for reasons that are more of a structural, systemic nature, rather than those …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ......................................................................... 587 Wojciech Sadurski Judicial Duty of (Public) Reason-Giving …” „… Matthias Ruffert Ultra Vires: Four Reasons for Distinguishing …” „… ; and they’re bored by eloquence and public speaking. —Why is it that such uneasiness has seized us all …”

Marek Safjan Symmetry in Search of an Appropriate Response to the Crisis S. 605-622

„… political majority. A crucial element of these changes is also the monopolisation of the public media by …” „… , frequently, left the wider public indifferent (as evi- Marek Safjan 608 denced, inter alia, by the fairly …” „… when the institutional overturning was already clearly taking place, to mobilize public opinion in …”

Regina Kiener, Ivan Gunjic The Election of Federal Judges in Switzerland and the Rule of Law S. 289-300

„… reform of the election process of judges is one of the main reasons for the constitutional crisis in …” „… be reasons for the Swiss process for the election of federal judges. However, democracy is not the …” „… independence.68 Thereby, mandate taxes weaken the confidence which the courts must inspire in the public. In …”

Adam Ploszka Efficiency of the European Court of Human Rights Priority Policy. The Case of Applications Related to the Polish Rule of Law Crisis S. 539-554

„… 3 to 2, decided in 2017 to dismiss the case for procedural reasons. One of the judges hearing the …” „… case. For this reason, the applicants in Solska and Rybicka intentionally brought their case before …” „… . The ECtHR found a violation of the applicants’ rights due to different reasons.13 It is worth noting …”

Jerzy Zajadło Aesthetics of Law: Old Wine in a New Bottle S. 787-796

„… detailed analysis would be clearly beyond the scope of this work. This is the reason why, despite the …” „… standards, in particular in public domain. The law itself is not a vehicle for aesthetic values in such …” „… existing in the spaces for general public. This aspect most often concerns aesthetics within arts. It …”

Marta Bucholc Telling the Tale of Law after a Hostile Takeover S. 119-128

„… ; historicity is implied in the very nature of law. Of course, social change in itself would also be reason …” „… important reason why the tale of law is nobody’s tale which only applies to certain legal cultures in which …” „… reason why the political ‘ownership’ of the institutions entrusted with the interpretation of the …”

Lech Garlicki Polish Judicial Crisis and the European Court of Human Rights (a few Observations on the Ástráðsson Case) S. 169-182

„… but, in a lengthy opinion ruled that ‘there is not a sufficient reason to doubt that the applicant …” „… approach] may, in certain circumstances inflict even further harm on the rule of law and on public …” „… Supreme Court (the Disciplinary Chamber and the Chamber of Extraordinary Review and Public Affairs), and …”

Dieter Grimm Judicial Behaviour under Political Pressure S. 219-226

„… University Law Review 56 (1981), p. 469. 11 See J. Rawls, The Law of Peoples: With the ‘Idea of Public Reason …” „… Law, according to which a cross had to be displayed in every classroom of public elementary schools.4 …” „… with public international law, but ‘a particular political conception of right and justice that …”

Zdeněk Kühn The Rise and Fall of Central Eastern European Constitutional Courts S. 373-386

„… creating a new model of illiberal democracies. I will try to explain the reasons for the demise of …” „… parliamentary oversight. A lack of party cohesion, as well as public skepticism towards governmental …” „… public and private sector agencies, Central and Eastern European countries generally failed to develop …”

Christophe Hillion Empowering the Filibuster – the EU General Conditionality Mechanism in the European Council S. 241-256

„… . Kelemen, ‘The European Union’s authoritarian equilibrium’, Journal of European Public Policy 27 (2020 …” „… – Adoption of the Council’s and of the statement of the Council’s reasons; 14018/20, Brussels, 14 December …” „… statement of reasons, the former explained that while the deal ‘addressed the political and some of the …”

Christian Åhlund South Africa: Defeating Apartheid by Weaponizing the Law S. 1-6

„… accordance with international law. This shadowy purpose was in fact the reason behind the broad …” „… the activities of the committee were to become public, no one within the establishment should be able …” „… for trying out this new tool. For this reason, and as a lawyer with a certain international schooling …”

Menachem Mautner Democratic Backsliding in Israel S. 473-484

„… Donald Trump). Unsurprisingly, the outcome of all of that is that public opinion polls show continuous …” „… erosion in the public’s trust of the coutnry’s law enforcement system. In addition, it is clear that …” „… that Netanyahu objected to the ‘small business exception’ for the reason that its existence would lead …”

Frank Clarke, Rachael O’Byrne The Influence of the Common Law Tradition on the Development of Written Constitutions: An Irish Perspective S. 129-140

„… might be the decision in Director of Public Prosecutions v Gormley and White (IESC 17, [2014] 2 I.R …” „… the Constitution rendering it unnecessary to deal with Convention arguments. For obvious reasons, the …” „… commercial and public law fields (including constitutional law). In 1994, Mr. Justice Clarke became a …”

Tomasz Tadeusz Koncewicz The Constitutional Adjudication on the Frontier S. 337-356

„… misleading. For these reasons the Court of Justice cannot allow the constitutional conversation to die down …” „… stands for. I have been arguing thus far that the good constitutional court in the European public space …” „… time. The constitutional absolutism has no reason to exist, for it is the deference, mutual respect …”

Wulf-Henning Roth Private als Adressaten der Unionsgrundrechte S. 567-586

„… Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: Rediscovering the reasons for horizontality …” „… principles of EU law and horizontal direct effect“, European Public Law 17 (2011), S. 437–451. 10 Z.B. bei …” „… des Rechtsstreits einer ordre public-Kontrolle – und damit einer Grundrechtskontrolle – unterworfen …”

Jiří Zemánek Facing Decline of Democracy: The View of the Czech Constitutional Court S. 797-802

„… actors, occupying the public discourse. On the other hand, democratic majorities sometimes incline to …” „… of public power ‘of the day’, incorporated in the statutes, and ‘the timeless’ values codified in …” „… knowledge of the conditions for creating the democratic public representative authorities by elections …”

Gábor Halmai From ‘Illiberal Democracy’ to Autocracy. How Covid-19 Helped to Destroy the Remnants of Democracy in Hungary S. 227-240

„… legitimate public interest, like public health, public order, security and fundamental rights, such as right …” „… . Versteeg, ‘The bound executive: Emergency powers during the pandemic’, Virginia Public Law and Legal …” „… Theory Research Paper no. 2020-52. University of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper no. 747. 2020.26. 4 …”

Koen Lenaerts The Autonomy of the EU Legal Order S. 387-402

„… form part of EU law. For example, the Kadi I and II judgments demonstrate that no public international …” „… envisaged tribunals to rule on the level of protection of a public interest that led to the introduction by …” „… , applying not only to action taken by public authorities, but also in disputes between private parties …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748931232

Corinna Mieth, Wolfram Cremer - Migration, Stability and Solidarity

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Corinna Mieth (ed.), Wolfram Cremer (ed.)

Migration, Stability and Solidarity

Series: International Politics: Perspectives from Philosophy and Political Science

Volume 4 2021

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Michael Blake 1. Public Reason, Humiliation, and Democratic Decay S. 11-32

„… Public Reason, Humiliation, and Democratic Decay1 Michael Blake Public reason has, as it were, two …” „… political communities in which democratic ideals already dominate. Public reason is, then, normative, in …” „… is that democracies already do.2 This is, of course, an appealing aspect of public reason. Its …”

Raissa Wihby Ventura 2. Shifting the Burden of a Bordered World: Justification, Immigration and Stability S. 33-62

„… demand protection for their national identity and for a common public culture. The principal reason for …” „… . < https://uchv.princeton.edu/news/michael-blake-university-washington-migration-mercy-love-and-carrier-sanctions >. ________, 2021, ”Public Reason, Humiliation, and Democratic Decay”. In: Mieth, Corinna; Cremer …” „… listened as he articulated reasons for and reasoned out his choices. If you dare to listen, watch, and see …”

Thorben Knobloch, Corinna Mieth 11. Migration, Democratic Stability, and Compromising Mindsets S. 239-270

„… compromise’ represents an aspect of public reason which on the one hand demands citizens to ideally reason as …” „… connection between public reason and Gutmann and Thompson’s approach to compromising attitudes of liberal …” „… political parties, so that their interests become an acknowledged part of public reason and deliberation …”

Esma Baycan Herzog 7. Immigration, and Common Identities: A Social Cohesion-based Argument for Open Borders S. 155-186

„… to which research is publicly funded. Another important reason is that beliefs in public debates …” „… Law of Peoples: With “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited.” 5. pr. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ …” „… ? Immigration and social cohesion are believed to be incompatible in the public debate. In normative political …”

Costanza Porro, Christine Straehle 10. Associative solidarity, Social Esteem, and the Sources of Self-Respect S. 221-238

„… in public reason within the liberal state (Rawls 2005). Unless the right kind of emotional …” „… public reason. Populism has received short shrift in political philosophy (but see Zaccaria 2018). The …” „… , epistemic justice, environmental and cosmopolitan justice, and public reason to name but the most obvious so …”

Gottfried Schweiger 8. Mandatory Value Courses for Refugees – are they justified? S. 187-200

„… focus of public and political interest (Duarte et al. 2018). Many countries designed and implemented …” „… controversial, but I will only stipulate them here and not be able to give detailed reasons for them. Firstly, I …” „… , namely those which must be rejected as unjust for good reasons. Fifthly and finally, the content of these …”

Alberto Pirni 9. Stability of Whom and for What? Rethinking the Challenge of Living Together in the Intercultural Age S. 201-220

„… democratic system, if we were allowed to use this pun. 9. 0. 201 The essay by Michael Blake, Public Reason …” „… reason which is just accidentally oriented to the democratic perspective. This is an idea of public …” „… & Public Affairs, 41, 2, pp. 103–130. ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶, 2021, “Public Reason, Humiliation, and Democratic Decay …”

Dimitrios Efthymiou 6. Welfare Rights, Migration and Solidarity as a Rich Good S. 129-154

„… , fraternity is held to represent a certain equality of social esteem manifest in various public conventions …” „… unrealistic to expect between members of the wider society. And this is surely a further reason for its …” „… , requires some unpacking. The reason the social minimum guaranteed by the capitalist welfare state makes …”

Michael Blake 12. Stability, Solidarity, and the Future of Liberal Democracy: The Case for Pessimism S. 271-296

„… of arguing against populism itself. The populist uses a version of public reason – which I have …” „… a road forward for the United States: there was, he said, “no reason” why the United States could …” „… called demonic reason – that echoes with the moral sentiments undergirding liberal democracy, but both …”

Wolfram Cremer 5. Migration within the European Union and Social Benefits for EU Citizens as a Challenge to EU law: A Survey De Lege Lata S. 109-128

„… form of the exit of a member state. The reasons for rejecting the European Union or at least its …” „… Brexit can be named with some certainty. Surveys demonstrate that one of the central reasons for the …” „… Moreover, there 1 * Professor Dr. Wolfram Cremer is professor at the Chair for Public Law and European Law …”

Bodi Wang 3. Imagine Strangers in Our Midst S. 63-84

„… the only or at any rate the primary reason for those conflicts was the difference in racial and …” „… reason to a lack of identity. However, this is not what the two reports actually found. According to them …” „… m/uk/2001/may/29/race.world5, last visited on 17/02/2021. Bodi Wang 66 What are the reasons for such …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Wolfram Cremer Preface 7 Inhalt Public Reason, Humiliation, and Democratic Decay1. 11 Michael Blake …” „… , Pevnick). Others disagree, especially many participants in public discourse. To them, political stability …” „… populism is threatening the faith in democratic procedures and values. He introduces five demonic reasons …”

Susanne Mantel 4. Stability, Protection, and Refugees: Does Refugee Protection Require Admission? S. 85-108

„… offering justifications for liberal democracies, thus (re-) stabilizing them for the right (moral) reasons …” „… migration in migration ethics. The main reason for this may be that alternative responses are often …” „… point is reached where protecting more individuals would lead to a breakdown of public order (Carens …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924890

Werner A. Meier - Abbruch - Umbruch - Aufbruch

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Abbruch - Umbruch - Aufbruch

Series: Medienstrukturen

Volume 11 2017

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Slavko Splichal Dialogue with History: Ideas of publicness and public service in press/media theory and practice S. 15-26

„… and public use of reason. Desirability of the public use of reason assumes, according to Kant …” „… was more—or should be more—than just an instrument of the public use of reason and surveillance. He …” „… reason’. Recognizing its discursive validity, Marx conceived of the press as a sphere of public …”

Des Freedman Publicness is not enough: A response to Slavko Splichal’s Diaogue with history S. 27-30

„… the main reasons for this is that media systems, whether built on private or public ownership …” „… . But it poses problems when it comes to how we defend public service broadcasting. This is very …” „… discriminatory practices of the public university – its elitism, its paternalism, its connection to authority …”

Sébastien Salerno Adapting in turbulent Conditions: Media Groups in Latin Switzerland S. 135-154

„… usually distributed via subscription to a targeted public of businesses or individuals. The information …” „… via advertising gives radio stations and newspapers another reason to expand their video offering on …” „… public distributors. Although this analysis centres on written press companies, we wanted to know how …”

Mario Schranz, Mark Eisenegger, Angelo Gisler Informationsmedien im Umbruch: Veränderung des Medienangebots durch die Digitalisierung S. 69-90

„… realm? Reasons to include online into the public service mission. Convergence In: The International …” „… . (Hrsg.). (2015): Weniger Staat, mehr Fernsehen. Service sans public? - Die neue Debatte um die SRG …” „… journalism In: Journalism Studies, 6(3), 331–345. Trappel, J. (2008): Online media within the public service …”

Marko Kovic Parlamentarisches Handeln zwischen Politiklogiken und Medienlogiken in der Schweiz S. 271-294

„… Auftrag des „Service Public“ wahrnimmt, kann Programmgefässe schaffen, welche sich exklusiv dem …” „… Service Public müsste Parlamentsberichterstattung, rationaliter, mit die höchste Präferenz der SRG SSR …” „… on Reason and Politics. Hrsg. von James Bohman und William Rehg. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, S …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276663

Patrick Zoll - Perfektionistischer Liberalismus

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Perfektionistischer Liberalismus

Series: Praktische Philosophie

Volume 89 2017

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Literatur S. 475-484

„… . Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1996.George, Robert P., und Christopher Wolfe. Natural Law and Public Reason.Washington …” „… Public Reason: Making It Up As We Go. New York:Oxford University Press, 1996.Davies, Brian. An …” „… Liberalism: Public Reason as a Post-Enlightenment Project. London: Sage, 2003.—. Justificatory Liberalism: An …”

Einleitung S. 17-26

„… einer zentralen Prämisse einesmodernen »public reason liberalism« zu zwingen.8 …” „… öffentlicherRechtfertigung aus dem Lager eines public reason liberalism ver-abschieden. Damit ist ein Perfektionistischer …” „… Gerald F. Gaus, Contem-porary Theories of Liberalism: Public Reason as a Post-Enlightenment Project …”

III. Verteidigung: Das Konvergenzmodell S. 303-468

„… Anfragen,auf die McDowell hingewiesen hat, vgl. John McDowell, »Two Sorts of Naturalism«,in Virtues and Reasons …”

Sachregister S. 485-495

„… öffentlicher Recht-fertigung–, Kriterium für Konzeptionen inner-halb eines public reason liberalism372–, Walls …” „… KonvergenzmodellPerfektionistischer Liberalismus235, 362Perfektionistischer Liberalismus A 489Sachregister–, Kriterium public reason …” „… sektiererischer Perfek-tionistischer Liberalismus 235–, libertaristisches Kriterium 162–, public reason liberalism …”

Konklusion S. 469-474

„… PHILOSOPHIE Patrick ZollKonklusionhalb der Tradition eines public reason liberalism nicht nur eine …” „… Philoso-phie verstanden werden, sondern als eine Debatte, die innerhalb derjüngeren Tradition eines public …” „… reason liberalism geführt wird. DenPositionen innerhalb dieser Kontroverse ist gemeinsam, dass sie …”

I. Analyse S. 27-156

„… , fragt ein public reason liberalism danach, obstaatliches Handeln Legitimität beanspruchen kann, welches …” „… Definitiondes Terminus »Liberalismus« – verstanden als public reason libera-lism – die Akzeptanz eines …” „… Neutralitätsprinzips gehört. Anders for-muliert: Zur Tradition eines public reason liberalism können nur Po-sitionen …”

II. Kritik: Schwächen des sektiererischen und quasi-naturrechtlichen Modells S. 157-302

„… Politischen Philosophie bzw. eines public reasonliberalism verstanden wird (Kapitel 1). Eine genauere Analyse …” „… , Gerald F. Gaus,»Sectarianism without Perfection? Quong’s Political Liberalism«, Philosophy andPublic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783495818343

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