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Ulrich Thießen - The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth

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Ulrich Thießen

The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth

2007

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Specification S. 40-43

„… the explanatory variables are exogenous.30 A formal test of endogeniety, the Hausman specification …”

Specification S. 48-49

Specification S. 51-52

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… 1. Specification 40 2. Results 43 VI. The long-run investment share 48 1. Specification 48 2 …” „… . Results 49 VII. Long-run total factor productivity growth 51 1. Specification 52 2. Results 52 VIII …”

Situation and Policy Measures S. 67-68

„… Description The specifications for the demand for currency are followed, which have been used in estimations …”

Model Description S. 68-72

„… policy variables during this period. 3. Model Description The specifications for the demand for currency …”

Model Description S. 98-105

„… growth specification follows the neoclassical cross-sectional growth model of Barro and Sala-i-Martin …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201214

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Romain Lachat

A Heterogeneous Electorate

Series: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Volume 7 2007

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Model specification S. 185-187

„… present the specification and operationalization of the statistical models we rely on. In the subsequent …” „… Switzerland, respectively. 8.1. Model specification To test the hypothesis of an enlightenment process, we …”

Model specification S. 168-171

„… . 7.1. Model specification We can extend the baseline model of voting choice presented in the previous …” „… following, general specification: ???? +?++= ??kkkjktkkjjj AttitudeAttitudey00 . (12) Voting choice is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… attitude stability 1626.5. Conclusion 166 117. The voting decision process 1687.1. Model specification …” „… . Enlightened voters? 1858.1. Model specification 1868.2. Germany 1878.3. Switzerland 1958.4. Conclusion 1989 …”

The transformation of cleavages in Switzerland S. 94-96

„… elections where both specifications can be operationalized). Furthermore, this difference is significant in …”

Selection of variables and baseline model S. 142-152

„… preferences evolves over the course of a campaign. This puts two important restrictions on the specification …” „… they present significant deviations from this reference model. The specification of this baseline model …”

Split-ticket voting S. 117-120

„… factors and on the specification of their effects. Following the arguments presented in previous chapters …”

Hypotheses and operationalization S. 120-123

„… specification of their effects. Following the arguments presented in previous chapters, three main hypotheses …”

Evolution of cleavage strength in Germany S. 90-94

„… (in the elections where both specifications can be operationalized). Furthermore, this difference is …”

Volatility, time of decision, and split-ticket voting in Germany S. 124-132

„… been tested in all cases with a Hausman specification test (Long 1997: 183f.). This assumption cannot …”

Germany S. 187-195

„… specification, as we had already emphasized it with regard to voters’ left-right position. 192 Table 41 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204895

Sebastian Thomasius - Political decision makers and their relevance for public finances

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Sebastian Thomasius

Political decision makers and their relevance for public finances

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 13 2013

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Model specification S. 81-82

„… Empirical analysis4.4.1 Model specificationIn our analysis, we consider the deficit of the German states in …” „… other model specifications like a finitedistributed lag or a model with an autoregressive error term …” „… , this specification assumesa geometrically declining influence of both the influencing factors and error …”

Specification of the econometric model S. 109-111

„… described thereafter.5.3.1 Specification of the econometric modelThe following empirical analysis extends …” „… of the debt ratio (forboth specifications of this unit-root test, i.e., the augmented Dickey-Fuller …” „… (ADF) and the Phillips-Perron(PP) specifications). However, I had to reject the null hypothesis of the …”

Specific professions on fiscal outcomes S. 52-55

„… point estimates of the OLS, FEand RDD specifications all show a negative effect, indicating that members …” „… different specifications and are mostly insignificant. We shouldadd that this lack of significance for the …” „… are often statistically significant (at least at the 10% level). Throughout all specifications, they …”

Robustness checks S. 125-128

„… Table 5.6: Robustness checks for alternative estimators and time specificationsAlternative estimators …” „… and time specificationsLSDVc LSDVc Pooled OLS Fixed effects (LSDV) Arellano BondTime FE no Time FE no …” „… Countries 15 15 (15) 15 15 15 15R-squared 0.491 0.550 0.498Notes: Besides pooled OLS, all specifications …”

Education and incumbency experience on fiscal outcomes S. 48-52

„… our RDD specifications.In Table 3.6, we turn to the results for the tax rates as outcome variables.22 …” „… RDD specifications. Here, columns 3and 4 use a global parametric estimation procedure in which we use …” „… five-year change in public debt, we find that the estimates in allRDD specifications are negative and in two …”

A Appendix: Parametric and non-parametric implementation S. 58-61

„… specifications is that within a small margin from the threshold thepotential bias from a misspecified control …” „… +dimarginni b3nIn the global parametric specifications, we will consider polynomial specifications ofdifferent …” „… implemented parametric specificationsin which they do not include the entire sample. Instead they limit the …”

List of tables S. 11-12

„… dates 95114.6 Robustness checks for alternative estimators and time specifications 964.7 Variable …” „… and time specifications 1265.7 Robustness checks for alternative cut-off dates 1275.8 Budget ministers …”

Education and incumbency experience on electoral success S. 45-48

„… 7, we show the results of different RDD specifications. Here, columns 3and 4 use a global parametric …” „… specifications are negative and in two cases also marginally significant. For theoutcome of total municipal …” „… expenditures all estimates (also in the OLS and FE specifications) show a negative sign. Overall, we must note …”

Robustness checks S. 94-97

„… specifications to capture time effects.The two estimations without any time effects and with dummy variables for …” „… dependent variable and the unobserved state-specificeffects (see above). We use the same specifications for …” „… replicate ourresults with both alternative estimators for most of the specifications (see Table 4.6).29 …”

Description of the data set S. 82-86

„… include the first lagof the dependent variable. Compared with other model specifications like a …” „… finitedistributed lag or a model with an autoregressive error term, this specification assumesa geometrically …” „… capita deficit for both specifications of this test, either based onaugmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-9

„… analysis 814.4.1 Model specification 814.4.2 Description of the data set 824.4.3 Estimation methods 874.4.4 …” „… 1075.3 Data set and empirical model 1095.3.1 Specification of the econometric model 1095.3.2 Description …”

Estimation results S. 88-94

„… second half of the previous year (see Table 4.5).Furthermore, we implement two alternative specifications …” „… dependent variable and the unobserved state-specificeffects (see above). We use the same specifications for …” „… replicate ourresults with both alternative estimators for most of the specifications (see Table 4.6).29 …”

Validity of the regression discontinuity design S. 55-57

„… . However, this effect is not statistically significantin any specification.25 In the appendix, we further …” „… the exposition, we reduced the number of specifications to the main three for both experienceand …”

„… multicollinearity.Replicating the specification of Moessinger (2012) in the dynamic panel model withtenure, age and a …” „… 2 and 3. Neither the linear northe quadratic specification are significant and hypothesis 5.9 is …” „… specificationreported in model 2. The same applies to hypotheses 5.2 and 5.3 for the tenure as aprevious spending …”

„… finance minister is included in models 2 and 3. Neither the linear northe quadratic specification are …”

Traditional theories on budget deficits as control variables S. 80-81

„… specificationIn our analysis, we consider the deficit of the German states in real terms per capitaas the most …”

Public finances and the finance minister's preferences S. 107-109

„… thissection, while the data set is described thereafter.5.3.1 Specification of the econometric modelThe …”

Description of the data set S. 111-116

„… Bruno, 2005a).11The Arellano-Bond test for autocorrelation confirms the chosen specification. Thetest …”

References S. 149-158

„… Economy 28 (4):620–635.Arellano, Manuel and Stephen Bond. 1991. ‘Some tests of specification for panel …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250052

Torsten Körber - Standardessentielle Patente, FRAND-Verpflichtungen und Kartellrecht. Standard Essential Patents, FRAND Commitments and Competition Law

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Torsten Körber

Standardessentielle Patente, FRAND-Verpflichtungen und Kartellrecht. Standard Essential Patents, FRAND Commitments and Competition Law

Series: Kartell- und Regulierungsrecht

Volume 6 2013

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More detailed specification of the FRAND standard S. 230-235

„… required. II. More detailed specification of the FRAND standard 1. Determination by private autonomy …” „… reference purposes. License agreements or ex ante specifications defined during the standardsetting process …” „… more detailed specification of the FRAND standard, the Commission proposed some general parameters in …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis / Table of Contents S. 9-16

„… or “no reasonable relation”? 228 II. More detailed specification of the FRAND standard 230 1 …” „… . Specification of the individual criteria 256 14 a) Unconditional offer by the party requesting a license …” „… ) Requirements as to the sufficient specification of the offer in terms of content 259 (1) Sufficiently …”

FRAND or “no reasonable relation”? S. 228-230

„… . However, such exploitation is not mandatorily required. II. More detailed specification of the FRAND …”

Orange-Book-Standard test S. 254-301

„… , BeckRS 2012, 09682 and 09736 – UMTS-Mobilstation. 256 3. Specification of the individual criteria a …” „… associated therewith. cc) Requirements as to the sufficient specification of the offer in terms of content …” „… question to be answered concerns the degree of specification required for the offer to be submitted by the …”

Licensing duty S. 188-221

„… ) with the non-specification of the precise licensee fee being of no relevance in this context; the …” „… say, the specification of how to comply with the standard and, if relevant, the essential IPR for …” „… standard-like uniform specifications by the demand side”. In such a case, the requirements for justifying a …”

Compatibility of the Orange-Book-Standard test with EU competition law S. 301-318

„… approach in this matter) of leaving the specification of the terms of the license at the patent holder’s …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247359

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.6 (Rights assigned without individual specification) S. 724

„… Article 9.1.6 (Rights assigned without individual specification) A number of rights may be assigned …” „… without individual specification, provided such rights can be identified as rights to which the assignment …”

Petra Butler Article 65 CISG S. 296-297

„… such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a …” „… specification himself in accordance with the requirements of the buyer that may be known to him. (2) If the …” „… seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 66 CISG S. 298-302

„… be allowed to make the specification him or herself without first having to ask the buyer to make …” „… the specification. However, the buyer will have the opportunity to make a different specification.5 If …” „… , however, the contract does not provide for a specific date on which the buyer must make a specification …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.4 (Content of notice) S. 710-712

„… relate to all the obligations proportionally. A. Specification of the Obligations The Basic Rule of Para …” „… consequences of an insufficient specification to a large extent (→ below B.), thereby avoiding – distinctly …” „… default rules under the UNIDROIT Principles step in. The Default Rule for Missing Specifications in Case …”

Petra Butler Article 64 CISG S. 296

„… such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a …” „… specification himself in accordance with the requirements of the buyer that may be known to him. (2) If the …” „… seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… drawing, designs, formulae, or other such specifications furnished by the buyer. I. General features …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. Compliance with technical specifications by the buyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 …” „… an exception under → Art. 43(2) or 44 applies. Compliance with technical specifications by the buyer …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.7 (Agreement between assignor and assignee sufficient) S. 724-725

„… Article 9.1.6 (Rights assigned without individual specification) A number of rights may be assigned …” „… without individual specification, provided such rights can be identified as rights to which the assignment …”

Klaus Ramming Article 20 Maximum limits of liability S. 1047-1051

„… been expressly specified in the transport document and the carrier has not refuted those specifications …” „… document’s specifications in relation to the package or other shipping unit and the good’s weight. It is …” „… the transport document. If the carrier does not reject these specifications, the limitation amount is …”

Peter Mankowski Article 3 CISG S. 24-27

„… specifications and desires does not come under the CISG.11 But (1) does not apply if the party who orders the …” „… components. If the customer also invests know-how or specifications, this does not form part of the …”

Petra Butler Article 61 CISG S. 292

„… : – performance (Art. 61(1)(a), Art. 62); – avoidance (Art. 61(1)(a), Art. 64); – making a specification (Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.5 (Effect of set-off) S. 713

„… spect to the missing specifications regarding the multiple obligations of the first party (→ above …”

Petra Butler Article 63 CISG S. 295

„… example, to provide security; to obtain data, drawings or technical specifications; to deliver certain …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.11 (Manner of monetary redress) S. 694

„… of rules in Arts. 7.4.2-7.4.13 which contribute to the specification of the right to damages in Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.12 (Currency in which to assess damages) S. 694

„… of rules in Arts. 7.4.2-7.4.13 which contribute to the specification of the right to damages in Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.6 (Proof of harm by current price) S. 685

„… Like the other provisions in Arts. 7.4.2-7.4.13, Art. 7.4.6 contributes to the specification of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.12 (Adequate proof of assignment) S. 733

„… harbour rule,9 a writing from the assignor with specifications about the assignment as an example; (ii …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… Specification of a method of communication can sometimes simply be a suggestion rather than restriction.37 By …” „… counter-offer leads to a ‘reversal of roles’.38 The buyer’s conduct in sending production specifications to the …” „… with the buyer’s order will need to exist, such as production according to buyer specifications or …”

Stefan Kröll Article 23 Air Transport Document S. 1479-1480

„… specification it may be any type of air transport document such as an air consignment note or an air waybill …”

Petra Butler Article 62 CISG S. 293-294

„… (Article 54 CISG). The specification of the goods can be part of the duty to accept the goods.6 Given the …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 7 Ticket S. 1091-1092

„… ) No. 454/2011 of 5 May 2011 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the …”

Raimond Emde Article 6 S. 1275-1276

„… parties to the contract. Specifications undertaken by the parties in exercising their margin of discretion …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.7 (Harm due in part to aggrieved party) S. 686-687

„… . 7.4.2-7.4.13, Art. 7.4.7 (which does not have a direct corollary in the CISG)1 contributes to the specification …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 31 Timely Notice of Complaints S. 1228-1229

„… the air waybill how the notice of complaint is to be dispatched. In the absence of such specification …”

Stefan Kröll Article 28 Insurance Document and Coverage S. 1486-1488

„… further specification, any insurance document containing a “all risk notation or clause” is acceptable …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… specifications received by the buyer must prove their existence as well. Article 43 CISG 1. The buyer loses the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.12 (Imputation of payments) S. 612-614

„… interest due and finally the principal. (2) If the obligor makes no such specification, the obligee may …”

Klaus Ramming Article 25 Nullity of contractual stipulations S. 1061-1063

„… specification of an increased value of the goods in the transport document as well as an agreement on an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.13 (Agreed payment for non-performance) S. 695-697

„… A. An Option for the Aggrieved Party Art. 7.4.12 (which also contributes to the specification of …”

CISG Marco Torsello Article 34 S. 186-189

„… the place of delivery, or to provide technical specification, or relevant documents. As mentioned …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… with interest, contribute jointly with the other provisions in Arts. 7.4.2-7.4.13 to the specification …”

Klaus Ramming Article 11 Nature and content S. 1022-1026

„… consignment note, the specification as to whether it is an original or a copy; in the case of a bill of lading …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… trough out data message flow based on legal specifications (EDI contract) between the parties the parties …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… specification (Article 65). Damages are also a common remedy for both buyer and seller (Articles 77 et seq …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… hand over the goods to the buyer. Absent a contractual specification, the seller must arrange for …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 73 CISG S. 332-338

„… , repetitive delays in delivery or payment, and delays in providing necessary specifications or construction …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… in mind that this Directive applies to consumer contracts and the specifications therefore apply if a …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… to the implementation of the Directive’s specifications, which partly expressly exist and are partly …” „… excessive transposition of the Directive specifications,110 namely outside of commercial agent law. No …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… 5.1.1 1 – place of performance UNIDROIT 6.1.6 – specification in content of notice UNIDROIT 8.4 – to …” „… individual specification UNIDROIT 9.1.6 1 – for set-off after assignment UNIDROIT 9.1.13 5 UNIDROIT …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 9.1.5 721 Rights assigned without individual specification …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… recommends a precise specification of places or ports in the use of the Incoterms® in order to minimize …” „… parties may include information in this specification alluding to the mode of transport to be used (for …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

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