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OER Osteuropa Recht

Browse Volumes: OER Osteuropa Recht

OER Volume 61 (2015) Issue 2 ISSN Online: 2366-6730

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Nataliya Y. Rasskazova Proprietary Security in Russian Law in the Light of the Draft Common Frame of Reference S. 169-182

„… title. The ownership transfer contract for security purposes is considered by the DCFR to be a contract …” „… of pledge (Clause [3] of Article IX. – 1:102). In other words, the transfer of title for security …” „… , etc.) remains largely unclear. The transfer of ownership for security purposes is not governed by law …”

Liudmyla Savanets The Pledge of Securities as a Way of Providing Satisfaction for Credit Obligation under Ukrainian Law S. 183-200

„… conclusion of a contract of pledge, by performance of endorsement, and the transfer of endorsed security to …” „… security as an object of right in rem,40 others understand that the subject of the pledge securities …” „… agreement is single set: security, certified property rights, and in some cases – property;41 some consider …”

doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2015-2

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.7 (Rights transferred with the contract) S. 759-760

„… ) another security (Art. 1.5).10 (ii) Otherwise the transfer of a security depends on the decision of the …” „… performing the transferred obligation remains unchanged. The objections thus transferred with the transfer of …” „… retroactive discharging of the transferred obligation after the transfer of the contract. (ii) Para. 2 (in …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.1 (Definitions) S. 751-752

„… transfer of a security depends on the decision of the obligee whether or not and/or to what extent …” „… discharges the original obligor pursuant to Art. 9.2.5 (1), this entails that “the security ceases to cover …” „… ) discharge the initial obligor (Art. 9.2.5(1) and (2)) entails to also give up any security provided by a …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… reveals that the risk transfer takes place different stages. Under EXW the risk is transferred when the …” „… variety of aspects of the transaction. One aspect is the transfer of the risk of the goods. Further …” „… the contract B1 Payment of the price A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.8 (Rights related to the obligation transferred) S. 750

„… obligation transferred. (2) If the original obligor is discharged under Article 9.2.5(1), a security granted …” „… performance of the obligation, unless the security is over an asset which is transferred as part of a …” „… ) “over an asset which is transferred” as part of a transaction,7 or (b) another security (Art. 1.5).8 (ii …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.1 (Definitions) S. 715-717

„… (the “assignee”), including transfer by way of security, of 1 See e.g. Vogenauer/Mazza Art. 9.1.1 no. 2 …” „… (notably English)6 law, ‘assignment of a right’ under Art. 9.1.1 includes ‘transfers for security purposes …” „… especially with respect to assignments for security purposes). The unique rule in Art. 9.1.9(2) on the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned) S. 738-739

„… the right assigned) The assignment of a right transfers to the assignee: (a) all the assignor’s rights …” „… )), ‘transfer in proportion applies’).2 The assignment thus includes e.g. “interest at an agreed rate, claims …” „… for early repayment of a loan for failure to pay interest, shares deposited as security”.3 42 …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 33 Debtor’s duty to assignee S. 1396

„… 2. An assignment of an international interest created or provided for by a security agreement is …” „… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security S. 1396

„… 2. An assignment of an international interest created or provided for by a security agreement is …” „… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 35 Priority of competing assignments S. 1396

„… 2. An assignment of an international interest created or provided for by a security agreement is …” „… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 37 Effects of assignor’s insolvency S. 1397-1399

„… that security interests follow 1 Goode (2013) 2 Cape Town Convention Journal 42-43. Art. 31–37 Cape …” „… “Associated Rights”.3 The Convention only applies to assignments which are effective to transfer an …” „… , therefore, to any kind of transfer by operation of the law. They do not apply to subrogation, whether …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… seller must transfer unencumbered property and possession in the goods to the buyer,1 regardless of …” „… . Requirements for liability Third party rights Property The transfer of property itself is not regulated by the …” „… Of particular importance are security interests, where the delivered goods serve as security for the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.11 (Rights of the obligee) S. 806-807

„… obligee are transferred to the obligor (as a matter of law or upon a transfer act)19 upon performance of …” „… . 11.1.3), can rely against its co-obligors on subrogation, including subrogation into the (security …” „… understanding what is an accessory and what is an independent security varies around the globe), if (b) (aa …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.3 (Requirement of consent of the other party) S. 753-754

„… 9.3 does not apply to transfer of contracts by operation of national legal rules for the transferring …” „… of ‘special rules governing transfers of contract’, Art. 9.3.2).3 The UNIDROIT Principles require …” „… the consent of the ‘other party’, Art. 9.3.3.6 This implies that the transfer becomes effective only …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… security ‘granted by any person other than the new obligor’ and therefore usually by a third party.17 (ii …” „… ) Pursuant to Art. 9.2.8(2) (2 d limb) the security can be maintained with the consent of ‘that other [i.e …” „… . usually a third party] person’.18 If the other party wishes that such a security remains in place, it may …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.6 (Defences and rights of set-off) S. 757-758

„… of the transferred obligation). This includes defences which become available after the transfer …” „… anything (other than merely consenting under Art. 9.3.3 as a requirement for the validity of the transfer …” „… the other party (Art. 9.3.1), insistence on adequate security is a usual reaction to such a request …”

Stefan Kröll Article 38 Transferable Credits S. 1499-1503

„… of that laws may have.3 Article 38 Transferable Credits a. A bank is under no obligation to transfer …” „… issuing bank to transfer and that transfers the credit. An issuing bank may be a transferring bank …” „… documents (h,i) and the presentation under a transferred credit (i, j, k). The transfer of drawing rights …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… aware of the transfer of the credit or the amendments made to the transferred credit such presentations …” „… document and not merely transfer them for examination by the issuing or confirming bank.14 In addition …” „… credit. In light of the difficulties associated with the transfer of drawing rights under the credit some …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 7 Ticket S. 1091-1092

„… different methods ranging from issuing a ticket on the paper with a security background (e.g. a CIT standard …” „… 1980. The transfer can take place only if both conditions are met: – the ticket is non-nominative (i.e …” „… transferable if it has not been made out in the passenger's name and if the journey has not begun …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.10 (Notice to the obligor) S. 729-730

„… pay to the assignor (Art. 9.1.10(1)) and the assignment, usually given for security purposes, remains …” „… assignment”)22 and (iv), in case of partial assignment, the extent of the transfer (while it is not necessary …” „… (including bank account details, if payment ist expected), (iii) specific details of the transferred rights …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) S. 669-671

„… the obligor during performing, a down payment or a security). (iii) In case of termination based on …” „… transfer national restitutionary on to the UNIDROIT Principles even if they “appear to be similar at first …” „… the non-breaching party could not draw from the object transferred to the other side (which owes …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this …” „… obligation to transfer property in the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 VI …” „… . Transfer of property and retention of title …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 31 Effects of assignment S. 1395

„… made in conformity with Article 32 also transfers to the assignee: (a) the related international …” „… case of an assignment by way of security, the assigned associated rights revest in the assignor, to the …” „… discharged. Article 32 Formal requirements of assignment 1. An assignment of associated rights transfers the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 32 Formal requirements of assignment S. 1395

„… made in conformity with Article 32 also transfers to the assignee: (a) the related international …” „… case of an assignment by way of security, the assigned associated rights revest in the assignor, to the …” „… discharged. Article 32 Formal requirements of assignment 1. An assignment of associated rights transfers the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… undertakings, transfers, undertakings to purchase documents or presentations and acceptances. As far as the UCP …” „… ; transferring bank; transferred credit). Most of the definitions are self-explanatory and have been taken over …” „… the issuing bank can freely revoke the credits the beneficiary is actually left without the security …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 714

„… are also discharged15 (or, depending on the applicable legal regime to the security, the obligor is …” „… then entitled to claim the security back from the obligee (Art. 1.11 4th hyphen)). (v) Any performance …” „… risk). Chapter 9 Assignment of Rights, Transfer of Obligations, Assignment of Contracts Introduction In …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.12 (Imputation of payments) S. 612-614

„… charges (but, in case of bank transfer, only for the charges taken until the transfer becomes effective …” „… obligation for which the obligee has least security; (c) the obligation which is the most burdensome for the …” „… Principles (argumentum Art. 10.10), it continues to exist24, (b) security (e.g. a personal security may offer …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 2 The international interest S. 1369

„… transfer of ownership of an object pursuant to a contract of sale; (hh) “secured obligation” means an …” „… obligation secured by a security interest; (ii) “security agreement” means an agreement by which a chargor …” „… ) “security interest” means an interest created by a security agreement; (kk) “Supervisory Authority” means …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 1 Definitions S. 1367-1368

„… security or otherwise, confers on the assignee associated rights with or without a transfer of the related …” „… are employed with the meanings set out below: (a) “agreement” means a security agreement, a title …” „… Contracting State; (i) “creditor” means a chargee under a security agreement, a conditional seller under a …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… exercise of any remedy set out in paragraph 1 or 2 exceed the amount secured by the security interest and …” „… ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object covered by the security interest shall …” „… covered by the security interest shall vest in the chargee in or towards satisfaction of the secured …”

Stefan Kröll Article 1 Application of UCP S. 1420-1421

„… the banks liability (→ Art. 34-37) and rules on the transfer of credits (→ Art. 38) and the assignment …” „… largely of their function as security. The definition in Article 1 clearly covers the so called …” „… , standby letters of credit have in general no payment function but are intended as a security.5 That …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 6.1.7 606 Payment by funds transfer …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 8.5 713 Chapter 9 Assignment of Rights, Transfer of Obligations, Assignment of Contracts …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 9.1.15 740 Section 2 Transfer of Obligations Modes of transfer …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 25 Discharge of registration S. 1387

„… security interest or the obligations giving rise to a registered non-consensual right or interest have been …” „… discharged, or where the conditions of transfer of title under a registered title reservation agreement have …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.3 (Assignability of non-monetary rights) S. 719

„… under the test of Art. 9.1.3 that “the additional burden which the transfer puts on the obligor”2 (e.g …” „… ‘significantly more burdensome’: The obligor provides security services to prevent theft at a warehouse used by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims) S. 808-811

„… necessary for the transfer or for the permission to use the obligee’s claim”.20 B. Priority for the Obligee …” „… obligor21 who would like to rely on the obligee’s (security) rights by way of subrogation. In this respect …” „… remaining claim”.23 Any sum realised under the security right can first be used by the obligee to cover the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… classical transfer of property issues, a question of chracterisation arises as to retention of title. Since …” „… retention of title can be construed as a conditional transfer of property made dependent on the nominated …” „… security interests should not be deemed covered by the CISG.13 III. Gaps A considerable number of …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 30 Effects of insolvency S. 1391-1394

„… applicable in insolvency proceedings relating to the avoidance of a transaction as a preference or a transfer …” „… status as an equivalent national security interest.6 Art 39 suggests that the equivalent national …” „… those avoidance rules targeting preferences or transfers in fraud of creditors, but concedes that those …”

Peter Csoklich Article 13 S. 929-930

„… copy of the consignment note: this is either the sender or the consignee if the transfer of the right …” „… unless security has been furnished by the consignee. I. Background …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… . 9.3.6 on transfer of contract; (v) Art. 10.10 with a limitation of the right of set-off once the obligor …” „… new obligor may not do so. (c) In case of a transfer of a contract, Arts. 9.1.13(2) and 9.2.7(2) apply …” „… year;35 (ii) cash36 and, subject to contract which may provide otherwise (Art. 1.5), a security which …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… proprietary rights and security interests to be dependent on possibly changing rules as the goods are moved …” „… from their original location. As a consequence, a security interest established according to the rules …” „… different formalities for priority, thus frustrating the very purpose for which the security interest was …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.2 (Performance of non-monetary obligation) S. 647-651

„… ). 12 Vogenauer/Schelhaas, Art. 7.2.2 no. 2, 17 (mentioning e.g. real estate transfer or lease contracts …” „… considering an offer for security for damages for which the obligor is liable44 and other circumstances of the …” „… transaction without sufficient security from the obligor). 45 See Official Comments, Art. 7.2.2 no. 3 c …”

Stefan Kröll Article 14 Standard for Examination of Documents S. 1451-1455

„… presented to a nominated bank but only where the latter transfers them to the issuing bank; US-District …” „… no letter of credit was intended but a different security, Article 14 (h) provides that the bank …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… to (1).11 Commentators from Germany will be lured into a false sense of security by §§ 133; 157 BGB …” „… transfer such an approach would disregard the systematic structure of Art. 8 CISG and the seemingly clear …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 36 Assignee’s priority with respect to associated rights S. 1397

„… that security interests follow 1 Goode (2013) 2 Cape Town Convention Journal 42-43. Art. 31–37 Cape …” „… another international interest if the assignor transferred that interest to the assignee and the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 39 Rights having priority without registration S. 1400-1401

„… security authorities, are granted high priority, including over consensual interests. Should non consensual …” „… and thus whether he is transferred the international interest. Acquisition of international interests …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.3 (Co-operation between the parties) S. 573-574

„… an excessive workload or considerable costs;8 to assist an assignee to receive security rights …” „… transferred under Art. 9.1.14)9 or sometimes (ii) to remain passive10 (e.g. a duty to tolerate an effort to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

ZfRV Zeitschrift für Europarecht, Int. Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung

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ZfRV Zeitschrift für Europarecht, Int. Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung

Browse Volumes: ZfRV Zeitschrift für Europarecht, Int. Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung

ZfRV Volume 64 (2023) Issue 5 ISSN Online: 2078-1059

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Yuanshi Bu Sicherungsübereignung in China ‒ sinnvolle Alternative oder überflüssige Doppelung? S. 218-229

„… , Relationship Structure and Private RightAutonomy of the Security Transfer System, Journal of Law Application …” „… security transfer of immovables and company shares has deve-loped into a common form of credit security in …” „… a relevant rule governing security transfer through ajudicial interpreting on private lending cases …”

Paul Schultess Nutzungsbeeinträchtigung zwischen Eigentumsverletzung und reiner Vermögensschädigung S. 229-236

„… , the tendency to construethe security transfer as a security right is further strengthened. As …” „… thethird-party effect of a security transfer requires the performance of apublicity act and a duty to account is …” „… diminished. For this reason, the secu-rity transfer in China will possibly never achieve the same …”

doi.org/10.5771/2078-1059-2023-5

Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg / IFSH - OSZE-Jahrbuch 2015

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Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

OSZE-Jahrbuch 2015

2016

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Paul Holtom Die OSZE und der Vertrag über den Waffenhandel: Komplementarität und Erkenntnisse S. 365-382

„… Berichterstattungsaufwand Die Beteiligung am OSZE-Informationsaustausch über Transferkontrollsysteme und Transfers ist …” „… : Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Oxford 2013, S. 423-431; Paul Holtom, The Arms Trade …” „… Treaty, in: SIPRI Yearbook 2014: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Oxford 2014, S …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280318

Philipp E. Heer - Die Abtretung von Darlehensforderungen durch Banken zu Refinanzierungszwecken

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Philipp E. Heer

Die Abtretung von Darlehensforderungen durch Banken zu Refinanzierungszwecken

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 714 2011

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wesentliche Passagen des Uniform Commercial Code S. 262-265

„… assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, orperfection of a security interest in, the …” „… Anhang I:wesentliche Passagen des Uniform Commercial Code§ 2-102. Scope; Certain Security and Other …” „… another term, such as “money order”.(g) …262§ 3-201. Negotiation.(a) “Negotiation” means transfer of …”

Vertragliche Abtretungsverbote S. 96-110

„… das ein Sicherungsrecht an beweglichem Privateigentum geschaffen wird („security interest in personal …” „… bestimmten Gegenstand dokumentiert („evidence both amonetary obligation and a security interest in specific …” „… macht („prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent [...] to the assignment or transfer, or …”

Allgemeines S. 28-65

„… security, nämlich ein Wertpapier (security), das durch Forderungen (assets) gestützt (backed) ist. Vgl. zur …” „… sogenannten off-balance sheet treatment erzielen zu können, muss derTransfer als ein sogenannter true sale for …”

wesentliche Passagen des Investment Company Act S. 267

„… an unconsolidated basis.(2) ...(36) “Security" means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future …” „… share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional …” „… security (including acertificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230849

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