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Phillip H. Roth

Medicine as Science

Series: Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung

Volume 22 2022

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1. Introduction: Science and Medicine – Two Cultures Lost in Translation? S. 15-42

„… institutional contexts, but they have also since conditioned how and what to expect of science and medicine.In …” „… discourses.The Forgotten Disciplinary Identity of MedicineWhy has the sociological and historical literature up …” „… and medical practice largely obscures the disciplinary identity of medicine.From the Middle Ages until …”

3. The Birth of a Modern Discipline – Medicine as Wissenschaft in German Romanticism S. 66-101

„… institutional ramifi-cations for academic medicine.Medicine Between Art and Learnedness – The Conceptual …” „… – a division of labor that distinguished between the scientific and practical tasks of medicine.The …” „… argument.Johann Christian Reil’s Plan for Reforming Academic MedicineReil developed his plans for reforming …”

4. An Applied Science Between Laboratory and Clinic – Scientific Medicine in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Germany S. 102-134

„… procedures that enabled arriving at scientific insights for clinical medicine.Virchow held liberal views and …” „… for medicine will help reveal how they contrasted to Virchow’s own idea of scientific medicine.The …” „… Scientific MedicineVirchow emphasized medicine as an applied science in part to distinguish his idea from the …”

5. The Laboratory and the Making of Clinical Science during the Progressive Era – Scientific Medicine in the USA S. 135-159

„… Clinical MedicineThe conceptual shift from medical practice as an applied science of the laboratory to …” „… basis for a science of pathology. Thus, according to Davis’ categorization of scientific medicine,“the …” „… closer to biology and further away from the problems of clinical medicine.Institutional Ambiguities of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-11

„… Disciplinary IdentityI.20The Forgotten Disciplinary Identity of MedicineII. 27Historical Semantics and …” „… Prussia’s CapitalII. 75Johann Christian Reil’s Plan for Reforming Academic MedicineIII.81A Modern Division …” „… Scientific MedicineIII. 118The Science of Pathologya. 121A Science of Therapyb. 127The Laboratory and the …”

Bibliography S. 213-226

„… Difference: 17–51.Amundsen, Darrel W. 1979. Medicine and Surgery as Art or Craft. The Role of Schematic …” „… Literature in the Separation of Medicine and Surgery in the Late Middle Ages. Transactions & Studies of the …” „… Scientific Medicine. Philanthropic Foundations in the Flexner Era. New York/London: Travistock.Bleker …”

8. Conclusion – Biomedicine as Discipline and Integrational Category S. 204-212

„… the lost disciplinary identity of medicine. In the process, I tried to give historical explanations of …” „… picture of academic medicine from the vantage point of scientific, rather than clinical practice. I was …” „… able to show that medicine is more than just a science-based profession; that it rather constitutes an …”

7. Averting Conceptual Crisis – Semantic Stabilization of a Disciplinary Identity in the Twenty-First Century S. 184-203

„… is currently the integrative concept for all the institutions of academic medicine (Heinig et al …” „… (Stichweh 2007). In wake of the recategorization from scientific medicine into biomedicine in the 1960s …” „… that exhibits the ability to subsume vast areas of heterogeneous activities in medicine has caused …”

6. Constructing the Identity of a Late Modern Discipline – Biomedical Science and the Life Sciences in the Post-War United States S. 160-183

„… complex transformations of the epistemological, material and institutional configurations of medicine and …” „… undifferentiated use of the term “scientific medicine” (which I discussed at the start of chapter 4) to signify …” „… virtually all forms of academic medicine preceding the era of biomedicine. This argument abstracts from much …”

2. For a Sociology of Disciplinary Cultures S. 43-65

„… of clinical medicine. The point is that this perspective on disciplinary cultures emphasizes how both …” „… the higher faculties of law, medicine and theology, disciplinary knowledge neither instructed practice …” „… Therefore, students of medicine had to first master “undergraduate” courses in the philosophical faculty …”

Acknowledgements S. 12-14

„… able to turn my inchoate ideas about science, medicine and politics into a challenging sociological …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748931881

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Debi Lewis

Kitchen Medicine

2022

doi.org/10.5771/9781538156667

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Florian Steger (ed.)

Migration and Medicine

Series: Angewandte Ethik

Volume 4 2021

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Katharina Fürholzer Narration without borders. Migration, narrative medicine, and témoignage in the public work of Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) S. 140-154

„… narrative medicine.3.1 Narrative medicineDue to its emphasis on the voice and perspective of patients …” „… Katharina FürholzerNarration without borders.Migration, narrative medicine, and témoignagein the …” „… a challenge for medicine, where successful communica-tion is a prerequisite for patient care …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Schochow (Hg.)Migration and MedicineANGEWANDTE ETHIK AANGEWANDTE ETHIKHerausgegeben vonNikolaus Knoepffler …” „… andMaximilian Schochow (Eds.)Migration and MedicineIn the summer of 2015, a strong migration movement towards …” „… (Eds.)Migration andMedicineVERLAG KARL ALBER BFlorian Steger, Marcin Orzechowski,Giovanni Rubeis and Maximilian …”

Addresses for correspondence S. 315-318

„… and Ethics of MedicineParkstraße 11D-89073 Ulmfrank.kressing@uni-ulm.de315Prof. Dr. Wielant …” „… , Philosophy and Ethics of MedicineParkstraße 11D-89073 Ulmmarcin.orzechowski@uni-ulm.deAssociate Prof. Dr. Iva …” „… MedicineIm Neuenheimer Feld 327D-69120 Heidelberggiovanni.rubeis@histmed.uni-heidelberg.dePranab RudraUlm …”

Aspects of migration, culture and health care in Germany’s past and present S. 197-216

„… .): Health, Culture and the Human Body. Epidemiol-ogy, Ethics and History of Medicine. Perspectives from …” „… not fit into the system of biology-centered med-icine certainly requires cultural sensibility as a …” „… Science Medicine 10 (2006),e294. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030294.52 Kressing: Contested medical …”

Florian Steger, Marcin Orzechowski, Giovanni Rubeis, Maximilian Schochow Introduction S. 13-28

„… : IntensiveCare Medicine 42 (2016), pp. 256–257.4 Sotirios Tsiodras: Irregular migrants: a critical care or a …” „… public health emergency. In:Intensive Care Medicine 42 (2015), pp. 252–255.5 Tanja Artelt, Martin Kaase …” „… ofWestern-focused medicine. Finally, deficits in diversity management,that is the institutional handling of cultural …”

Pranab Rudra Physician-patient relationship models in Bangladesh and Germany S. 87-104

„… consequences, especially for the poor. Unfortunately,patients still need to buy all the medicines from outside …” „… , they are socially used to taking medicine from the nearbypharmacy or village doctor without any …” „… medicine and provides medicine based on their commonsense and experience. The two major reasons that …”

Ivana Tucak Cultural differences and informed consent S. 65-86

„… , Medicine &Ethics 24 (1996), pp. 348–359.2. Nature of Informed ConsentIt is often said that informed consent …” „… Human Beingwith regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on HumanRights and …” „… careapproach to the concept of informed consent. In: Medicine Health Care and Philoso-phy 21 (2017), pp …”

Iva Rinčić, Amir Muzur Migrants’ health and European culture: strengthening ties for better understanding. The case of Rijeka 2020 European Capital of Culture S. 286-300

„… paradigm, andexclusivity of evidence-based medicine. Despite the fact our behavioris deeply culturally …” „… and mental health: An interface. In: Journal of Natural Science,Biology and Medicine 5 (2014), pp …” „… link in health research. In: Social Science and Medicine 170(2016), pp. 237–246. http://dx.doi.org …”

Robert Doričić The challenges of the migration crisis in Croatia – the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county and the city of Rijeka example S. 235-252

„… departments of emergency medicine from the eastern andnorthwestern parts of Croatia. Medical teams from almost …” „… Ministry of Interior inearly 2019), Department of emergency medicine of Primorje-GorskiKotar County …” „… andmaterial-technical resources;7. Department of Emergency Medicine of the Primorje-GorskiKotar County (DEM PGC) aimed …”

Vera Vogel Healthcare for refugees suffering from psychiatric disorders: an overview of the current care provision in Germany S. 47-64

„… implications of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD diagnos-tic criteria. In: Psychological Medicine 49 (2018), pp …” „… of investigation, as demonstrated by the numerous pub-lications in physical and psychiatric medicine …” „… Internal Medicine 28 (2013), pp. 386–391, here p. 390.79 Polcher, Calloway: Addressing the Need (Note 2), p …”

Pedro A. Villarreal Differential treatment in the International Health Regulations: towards a nuanced perspective S. 157-171

„… 2005.More recently, other dimensions of medicine and public healthhave also been addressed at the …” „… participants of the BMBF Symposium,»Migration as a challenge for medicine. A comparison of ethical, jur-idical …”

Tamara Schwertel Difficulties in the trajectories: an investigation of care structures for refugees suffering from tuberculosis in Germany S. 217-234

„… experience with rural health de-partments, which do not ensure the supply of medicines and ambu-lance and …” „… will present, whom these strategiesreferring to. As non-specialists in medicine, social workers and …”

Ivana Zagorac The power of empathy in the treatment of vulnerable subjects S. 126-139

„… body and soul, as well as between manyparts of the cosmos. The term was also used in medicine, most …”

Mental healthcare in migrants from the perspective of public health ethics: clinical factors, cultural diversity, and access barriers S. 31-46

„… Med-icine and Bioethics 22 (2001), pp. 69–85.6 Satinsky et al.: Mental health care utilization (Note 3).7 …”

Sylvia Agbih Understanding vulnerability and deliberations on justice – the case of health care for refugees and asylum seekers in Germany S. 105-125

„… : Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 92(2017), pp. 299–307.28 …”

A. Katarina Weilert The human right to health in public international law with particular reference to asylum-seekers, refugees, and migrants and its reception in German law S. 172-194

„… Goodman: Is there a Right toHealth? In: Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30 (2005), pp. 643–662; P. Hunt …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783495823880

Murray Lee Eiland - Patenting Traditional Medicine

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Murray Lee Eiland

Patenting Traditional Medicine

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 2 2009

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Patenting Traditional Medicine S. 7

„… 7 Patenting Traditional Medicine Murray Lee Eiland* INTRODUCTION Traditional medicines (TM)1 can …” „… Organization, the term traditional medicine refers to: “health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs …” „… incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises …”

A Database of Traditional Chinese Medicine? S. 42

„… Traditional Chinese Medicine? While southeast Asian countries such as India are enthusiastic about the …” „… Formula Titles 1 EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (ECAM) 125 (2004). …”

Patent Law S. 40-42

„… 40 varieties of traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), as Article 3 makes clear. The insertion of the …” „… Patent Protection of Traditional Medicine in China 3-11. http://r0.unctad.org/trade_env/test1 …” „… Peoples Republic of China,172 a medicine may be composed or prepared from a mixture of several herbs as …”

Statutory Protection S. 39-40

„… Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are distinctive. The reasons for this revolve around the peculiarities of …” „… Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicines (effective 1 January 1993)162 was enacted. The aim of the law is …” „… to encourage research and development of new varieties of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The law …”

Patents S. 22-23

„… inventions: “intended for use, or capable of being used, as food or as medicine or drug,”80 no patent can be …” „… for medicines for the first time in 35 years. The Amendment omits section 5 of the 1970 Act.84 This …” „… removes the stricture against patenting medicines. In the case of TM, section 3 (d) still 78 Indian law …”

INTRODUCTION S. 7

„… 7 Patenting Traditional Medicine Murray Lee Eiland* INTRODUCTION Traditional medicines (TM)1 can …” „… Organization, the term traditional medicine refers to: “health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs …” „… incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Patenting Traditional Medicine Nomos BUT_Eiland_3766-9.indd 3 22.12.2008 10:41:12 Uhr 1. Auflage 2008 …” „… 10:41:12 Uhr 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Patenting Traditional Medicine Murray Lee Eiland* 7 INTRODUCTION 7 The …” „… Traditional Chinese Medicine? 42 XII. FLEXIBILITY OF THE PATENT SYSTEM? 43 XIII. CONCLUSION 44 …”

Databases S. 27-29

„… pharmaceutical industry are concerned that by treating all medicines and healing remedies as IP, it would be …” „… difficult in the future to derive new medicines from plants.113 This would have an impact particularly on …” „… is: “traditional medicine, foodstuffs, architecture and culture.” It appears that the main focus of …”

The Controversy S. 8-9

„… 8 substances and that have been incorporated into mainstream medicine are morphine (1806), quinine …” „… develop. 14 In China, TM comprises between 30 and 50 % of the total consumption of medicine. See WHO Fact …”

Tumeric S. 23

„… Mississippi. The plant was well known in India for both culinary use and as a traditional medicine. Greeks …”

TRADEMARKS S. 36

„… have a limited role for protecting TM, if it is clear that certain medicines originate from a …”

Traditional Knowledge: A Certain Term? S. 13

„… Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine. 4 E.I.P.R. 194, 195 (2003). 28 See Shubha Ghosh, Traditional …”

IP Laws and Traditional Knowledge S. 13

„… Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine. 4 E.I.P.R. 194, 195 (2003). 28 See Shubha Ghosh, Traditional …”

The Neem Patent at the EPO S. 25

„… insect repellant, medicine, and cosmetic. W.R. Grace & Co. – Conn. filed patent applications (the US …”

WIPO Model Provisions S. 10-11

„… is specific. Aspects of traditional medicine are therefore subject to patent protection, depending …”

Indian Bio-Diversity Act S. 23-24

„… Mississippi. The plant was well known in India for both culinary use and as a traditional medicine. Greeks …”

Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples S. 12-13

„… Knowledge: With a Case Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine. 4 E.I.P.R. 194, 195 (2003). 28 See Shubha …”

Neem S. 24-25

„… insect repellant, medicine, and cosmetic. W.R. Grace & Co. – Conn. filed patent applications (the US …”

Geographic Disparity in US Patent Law S. 25-26

„… insect repellant, medicine, and cosmetic. W.R. Grace & Co. – Conn. filed patent applications (the US …”

Categories of Patent S. 16-17

„… AND MEDICINE AT ODDS 28 (1986). The weak position of use patents in the business world is covered by …”

CONCLUSION S. 44-48

„… Traditional Medicine, I.P.Q. 77 (2003). 188 See Mugabe, supra note 153, quoting G.R. Nabhan. 46 contrast GI …”

PROSPECTING AGREEMENTS S. 32-34

„… Companies Go “Chemical Prospecting” for New Medicines, PHARMACEUTICAL BUS. NEWS, Aug 21, 1992, available in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845214993

Rüdiger Zuck - The Right of Anthroposophic Medicine

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Rüdiger Zuck

The Right of Anthroposophic Medicine

2012

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Chapter Four: Anthroposophic medicine as a specific therapeutic approach and its relation to orthodox medicine S. 63-70

„… Chapter Four: Anthroposophic medicine as a specific therapeutic approach and its relation to …” „… orthodox medicine Anthroposophic medicine as a specific therapeutic approach1 Treatment methods in the …” „… anthoprosophic medicine is the treatment of the patient, taken for simplicity’s sake to mean treatment by a …”

Chapter Twelve: Declaration of Rights of Anthroposophic Medicine S. 173-206

„… Chapter Twelve: Declaration of Rights of Anthroposophic Medicine Introduction The closing chapter …” „… at the same time adds the keystone, the Declaration on the rights of Anthroposophic Medicine.1 It …” „… Anthroposophic Medicine should look, especially as regards the prescription and use of anthroposophic medicinal …”

Chapter Two: The Self-Perception of Anthroposophic Medicine S. 29-34

„… Chapter Two: The Self-Perception of Anthroposophic Medicine Fundamentals Anthroposophic medicine …” „… Anthroposophical Medicine, in: van der Bie/Huber (eds.), Foundations of Anthroposophical Medicine, 2005, 47 ff …” „… their essential nature.”7 Anthroposophy’s Medical Standards The basic feature of anthroposophic medicine …”

Chapter Ten: Legal Applicability in Anthroposophic Medicine: Medical Therapies S. 135-154

„… Chapter Ten: Legal Applicability in Anthroposophic Medicine: Medical Therapies Preliminary The …” „… concept of a medical therapy Anthroposophic medicine uses the term “medical therapy [Heilmittel]” in a …” „… particularly important for anthroposophic medicine: – Therapeutic eurythmy (Section 224 ff.) – Art therapy …”

Chapter Nine: Legal Applicability in Anthoposophic Medicine: Medical Service Providers S. 129-134

„… Chapter Nine: Legal Applicability in Anthoposophic Medicine: Medical Service Providers Preliminary …” „… treatment methods of anthroposophic medicine. While Chapter 9 deals with the law of medical service …” „… questions associated with the treatment methods of anthroposophic medicine is intended; instead, only a few …”

Chapter Eleven: Legal Applicability in Anthroposophic Medicine: Provision of Medicinal Products S. 155-172

„… Chapter Eleven: Legal Applicability in Anthroposophic Medicine: Provision of Medicinal Products1 …” „… medicine. Here again selected themes are covered, namely: – the registration of anthroposophic medicinal …” „… products at European level (Section 258 ff.) – the restrictions on anthroposophic medicine in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… The Self-Perception of Anthroposophic MedicineChapter Two: 29 FundamentalsI. 29 Specific Understanding …” „… ) 66 Anthroposophic medicine and orthodox medicineII. 66 Orthodox medicine1. 66 Anthroposophic Medicine …” „… MedicineV. 153 Consequences of the Securvita Decision1. 153 Integration agreements2. 154 Legal Applicability …”

Chapter Three: Methodology S. 35-62

„… medicine The methodological procedure dominant today is that of evidence-based medicine. This is based …” „… primarily on randomized clinical studies. Evidence-based medicine can be described as follows: “The …” „… of patients to the test or control cohorts (= randomization). Experience-based medicine …”

Chapter One: Introduction S. 25-28

„… science and not the law can decide about good and bad science.6 In medicine too, then, it is a matter for …” „… range of “alternative medicine”7 exists, between, say, iris diagnosis and a Filipino spirit healer,8 …” „… protection. Medical approaches and/or treatment methods departing from orthodox medicine must, then, if they …”

Chapter Eight: Legal Framework: European and German Law and Their Interaction S. 115-128

„… (here taking the example of anthroposophic medicine). Starting from the German fundamental-rights …” „… non-medical service providers of anthroposophic medicine, through the fundamental rights of occupational …” „… approaches recognized by the legislator on constitutional grounds as standard – alongside orthodox medicine …”

Ordinary Law (on this see preliminary remark to Section 137 above) S. 107-114

„… treatment is new if it has not hitherto been the object of benefit in contractual medicine.47 According to …” „… in further law that authorizes the additional designation “homeopathy”. For anthroposophic medicine …” „… orthodox medicine. It terms these therapeutic approaches sometimes “special”, sometimes “specific”, but as …”

Chapter Seven: Legal Framework: German Law S. 97-106

„… framework conditions Obviously, anthroposophic medicine (too) comes, as far as the legislator’s regulatory …” „… powers are concerned, under the general jurisdictional norms of the Basic Law. Anthroposophic medicine …” „… , anthroposophic medicine can rely on the whole fundamental-rights calatogue of the Basic Law. Here, however, we …”

Chapter Six: Legal Framework: European Community Law S. 83-96

„… does not even have any direct point of connection for fundamental-rights monitoring of law on medicine …” „… Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the application of Biology and Medicine of 4 …” „… right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. 2. In the fields of medicine and biology …”

Chapter Five: Legal Framework: Human Rights S. 71-82

„… without law. Were we truly to describe the legal framework for anthroposophic medicine, then, we should …” „… but refers to those legal provisions that play a part for anthroposophic medicine, either directly or …” „… Verfahren, in: HGR VI/ 2, 2009, § 174, Rn. 119 ff. The possibilities of modern medicine and biomedicine are …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845243788

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