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Hubert Heinelt, Michèle Knodt - Policies within the EU Multi-Level System

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Hubert Heinelt (ed.), Michèle Knodt (ed.)

Policies within the EU Multi-Level System

2011

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Peter Kotzian Health Policy S. 261-282

„… second policy-making mode applies to policies addressing public health, where national-level projects …” „… in the domain of health have been a source of surprise and some of the policy-making is either an …” „… 261 Health Policy Peter Kotzian 1. Introduction Health policy in the EU context is …”

Martin Große Hüttmann Consumer Policy S. 189-204

„… policy areas such as the internal market, energy or health policy (see Janning 2004; Micklitz et al …” „… obesity or the strengthening of smoking bans. In fact, such measures are more a part of health policy …” „… the European Commission to redefine consumer policy as a special kind of health policy. For example …”

Peter H. Feindt Agricultural Policy S. 205-230

„… Directorate-General (DG) Health of the Commission and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). 3. Policy-making …” „… marketing. Agricultural social policy (health and pensions) continues to fall under the exclusive competence …” „… units can also be involved in agricultural policy-making. The interaction of players on these various …”

Michèle Knodt Common Commercial Policy S. 59-80

„… association and cooperation policy, and are thus not relevant in this context. 3. Policy-making The area of …” „… with economic actors. And finally, the inclusion of civil society actors in policy-making at the …” „… 59 Common Commercial Policy Michèle Knodt 1. Introduction The Community’s external trade policy …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Employment Policy Berndt Keller 231 Health Policy Peter Kotzian 261 Transport Policy Dirk Lehmkuhl …” „… Hubert Heinelt and Michèle Knodt 7 Democratisation Policy Michèle Knodt and Sigita Urdze 21 Common …” „… Foreign and Security Policy Dirk Peters and Wolfgang Wagner 39 Common Commercial Policy Michèle …”

Berndt Keller Labour and Employment Policy S. 231-260

„… policy areas, including improvement of the working environment to protect workers’ health and safety …” „… : ‘Implementation may be seen not as a stage separated from policy-making, but rather as the continuation of policy …” „… are renewed and strengthened. In other words, the initiative for policy-making as well as the …”

Hubert Heinelt, Michèle Knodt Conclusion S. 385-408

„… policy fields of consumer protection, agriculture, health and traffic as well as labour and employment …” „… policy gender policy competition policy health policy labour and employment policy …” „… (see Keller in this volume; López-Santana 2006) and health care policy (see Kotzian in this volume) up …”

Gabriele Abels Gender Equality Policy S. 325-348

„… a top-down change of policy-making structures and therefore follows the bureaucratic and …” „… . Policy-making In the following, typical patterns of decision-making – especially in what has been called the …” „… equality in order to support evidence-based policy-making. 3.1 Agenda-setting Gender equality policy is …”

Petra Bendel Asylum and Migration Policy S. 371-384

„… with the necessary support in organising joint return operations. 3. Policy-making Immigration policy …” „… . Stockholm. Guiraudon, Virginie, 2000: European Integration and Migration Policy: Vertical Policy-making as …” „… , William/Wallace, Helen/Pollack, Mark (eds.): Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228266

Johannes Michael Nebe - Herausforderung Afrika

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Johannes Michael Nebe (ed.)

Herausforderung Afrika

2011

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Meleckidzedeck Khayesi The contribution of the World Health Organization to road safety policy development in Africa S. 154-165

„… 155 The contribution of the World Health Organization to road safety policy development in Africa …” „… World Health Organization to road safety policy and programmes in Africa. Road safety in Africa A …” „… Nationalities, Dire Dawa and Amhara. Source: WHO 2009b Policy development The World Health Organization …”

Joachim von Braun Combining Growth with Social Protection in Africa S. 172-191

„… productivity), there are six interactions that require policy attention in the formulation of pro-poor …” „… ), social spending (on health and education), and infant mortality outcomes (see Fig. 2a and b). Speaking …” „… infrastructure, technology, education, health, and nutrition. In addition, national social protection programs …”

Andrew Mwenda Predators and their victims: How foreign aid props corrupt and incompetent governments and what can be done to change this S. 376-383

„… quality education and health services they win public support. Incumbents also build political-support …” „… , why hadn’t African societies organized collectively to alter the policy environment? Of course there …” „… is always a time lag between when policy dysfunctions become manifest and when society produces …”

Hans Werner Mundt Brain Drain aus Afrika – Emigrieren die besten Köpfe in den Norden? S. 192-207

„… , sondern auch weit entwickelte Länder an einem Mangel an Gesundheitspersonal leiden. Die World Health …” „… Human Resources for Health (vgl. Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften 2005) verschärft der Brain …” „… Gesundheitspersonal gelten nur für den National Health Service und betreffen nur die aktive Rekrutierung. 205 Die …”

Renate Bähr Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Armutsbekämpfung in Afrika S. 222-235

„… Kinder. Das sind etwa 1,6 Kinder mehr als sie tatsächlich wollen (vgl. Demographic and Health Surveys …” „… Population, Development and Reproductive Health (APPG- POPDEVRH) (Hrsg.) (2009): Return of the population …” „… /de/was_wir_machen/ziele/hintergrund/ziele/millenniumsziele/millenniumsentwicklungsziel e/index.html (14.04.2010) Demographic and Health Surveys 2001 – 2006. http://www.measuredhs.com …”

Patrick Fallis, Michael Öhmann, Claudi Tesfai ‚Learning for Life’ in den Slumgebieten von Nairobi – Eine studentische Forschungsreihe S. 310-335

„… überzeugend praktizierten „pro-poor policy“, die ihnen Zuversicht gegeben hätte, dass der Staat es ernst …” „… Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), den German Doctors, den Organisationen Family Health International …” „… AIDS Control Council (NACC), dem National AIDS Control Programme (NASCOP) des Ministry of Health (MoH …”

Kurzbiographien der Autoren S. 418-429

„… . Absolvierte mehrere Praktika in Afrika, so in Kenia bei KIPPRA (Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research …” „… ) und des Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP, New York). Prof. Dr. Marion Keim …” „… Anfang 2002 war er Dozent für Transport Geography. Er wechselte 2002 zur World Health Organization (WHO …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-11

„… Afrika Stefan Hippler 135 The contribution of the World Health Organization to road safety policy …”

Stefan Hippler HIV/AIDS – Stigma und Herausforderung für Afrika S. 134-153

„… Aufgabengebieten: PLT – Prevention and Treatment Literacy, CHA – Community Health Advocacy und PCR – Policy …” „… quality health care system which provides equal access to HIV prevention and treatment services for all …” „… . 24 so genannte HOPE Community Health Worker arbeiten in 17 verschiedenen Townshipkliniken als Teil …”

Heiner Monheim Verkehrspolitik für Afrika – Grundüberlegungen für eine nachhaltige Strategie S. 274-295

„… influencing its Usage. In: World Transport Policy & Practice. Vol. 14, No. 2. WHO (World Health Organisation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845229478

Norbert Klusen, Frank Verheyen, Caroline Wagner - England and Germany in Europe - What Lessons Can We Learn from Each Other?

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Norbert Klusen (ed.), Frank Verheyen (ed.), Caroline Wagner (ed.)

England and Germany in Europe - What Lessons Can We Learn from Each Other?

Series: Beiträge zum Gesundheitsmanagement

Volume 32 2011

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Norbert Klusen World Champion in Health Care Reforms – Impact of German Health Care Policy on the Statutory Health Insurance S. 39-44

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230832

Alexia Duten - Global Health: Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block for the European Union?

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Alexia Duten

Global Health: Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block for the European Union?

Series: International Civil Society

Volume 15 2014

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Global health: policy field, governance structure and new diplomacy S. 45-108

„… Global health: policy field, governance structure and newdiplomacy“Global health policymaking has …” „… Diseases Key InstitutionsGlobal health asforeign policyTrade, alliances, democracy, economicgrowth …” „… willbe responsible for achieving the goals.What is a global health policy?Addressing the shortcomings of …”

European perspectives on global health as an emerging field of public policy S. 109-204

„… European perspectives on global health as an emerging field ofpublic policy“Health is taking its …” „… health to foreign policyOn the road towards a European global health Strategy, it seems essential …” „… health and foreign policy”(Owen 2006: 48); whether this is going to change because of the …”

Bibliography S. 218-236

„… ). "European Perspectives on Global Health. A PolicyGlossary." from http://www.who.int/km4 …” „… Architecturefrom the Toyako Summit. Global Action for Health System Strengthening. PolicyRecommendations to the G8 …” „… Governance. Making Sense of Global Health Governance. A Policy Perspective. K.Buse, W. Hein and N. Drager …”

Conclusion S. 205-217

„… bestcase scenario, linking health to foreign policy goals and using foreign policyto govern health, can …” „… are of relevance to the role organised civil society can playin global health policy-making. If the EU …” „… block for the EuropeanUnion? The former is meant to see global health as a policy field throughwhich …”

Introduction S. 21-44

„… of affirming itspower by engaging in this emergent policy field. The United States madeglobal health …” „… confirm that by linking health and foreign policy goals, individualcountries could benefit from some …” „… on the emerging policy field ‘global health’ at the European level and to what extent a variety of …”

Acknowledgements S. 8-18

„… the thesis1.4.2 42Global health: policy field, governance structure and newdiplomacy245Global health …” „… policy?2.1.2.3 58Global health governance: new era or rooflessarchitecture?2.1.360Nation states: the …” „… field ofpublic policy3109EU member states’ action in the global health policy field3.1 109National …”

List of abbreviations S. 19-20

„… European External Action ServiceEHFG European Health Forum GasteinENP European Neighbourhood PolicyESDP …” „… PolicyCSO Civil Society OrganisationCSR Corporate Social ResponsibilityDFID Department For International …” „… European Security and Defence PolicyEU European UnionEP European ParliamentEPSCO Employment, Social Policy …”

Abstract S. 7

„… foreign policy issues.The thesis assumes that global health governance has undergone fundamental changes …” „… AbstractThis thesis analyses the establishment of ‘global health’ onto the agenda ofthe European …” „… organisedcivil society has contributed to the shaping of an EU global health strategy.In this enterprise, the …”

Index S. 237-240

„… , 249,259, 264, 280, 286global health policy, 13, 20, 27, 37, 38, 49, 55, 81, 92, 114, 117, 118, 143, 171 …” „… , 281pharmaceutical companies, 32, 66, 69, 88, 268philanthropy, 70, 71, 202policy-making, 5, 14, 20, 25 …” „… , 212, 213, 236, 246, 275, 279European global health strategy, 20, 28, 29, 31, 33, 56, 209, 233, 241 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235479

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Andrew Law

Patents and Public Health

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 3 2009

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The legalising policy thoughts in the Public Health Declaration S. 26-28

„… 26 Chapter 3 The legalising policy thoughts in the Public Health Declaration The title of this …” „… the Public Health Declaration. Firstly, the title directs the readers’ attention to the policy …” „… policy issue reiterated in the Public Health Declaration is the importance of intellectual property …”

The scope and purpose S. 163-169

„… implementation of the policy thoughts of the Public Health Declaration, are discussed independently below. 675 …” „… in ensuring the policy objectives of the Public Health Declaration are noticed and applied.687 2. The …” „… Public Health Declaration para 4, second sub-paragraph. 167 the DSB’s policy of ‘objective assessment …”

Bibliography S. 251-261

„… African Health Policy: Managing Confrontation with U.S. Firms and Politicians (1999) 29 Int. J. Health …” „… access to medicines: policy options for Ghana (2005) 1 Globalization and Health 17 p.1-10 (‘Cohen et al …” „… 1999). Gregg Bloche, WTO Deference to National Health Policy: Toward an Interpretive Principle (2002 …”

Definitive consequences of the Public Health Declaration S. 248-250

„… 248 Chapter 9 Definitive consequences of the Public Health Declaration The policy thoughts …” „… tangible incorporation of the Public Health Declaration’s policy thoughts into the international …” „… Public Health Declaration further reinforces the position that the policy thoughts in the Public Health …”

The legal status of the Public Health Declaration S. 161-163

„… implementation of the policy thoughts of the Public Health Declaration, are discussed independently below. 675 …” „… 161 given to LDCs with respect to pharmaceutical products. The Public Health Declaration …” „… instructed the TRIPS Council to give effect to this concession. B. The legal status of the Public Health …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… Public Health Legalising the Policy Thoughts in the Doha TRIPS Declaration of 14 November 2001 Nomos …” „… Patents and society 19 Chapter 3 The legalising policy thoughts in the Public Health Declaration 26 …” „… and Practice JPHP Journal of Public Health Policy JPO Japan Patent Office JPTOS Journal of the …”

Canada S. 228-234

„… underlying policy considerations of Article 31bis, the Public Health Declaration and the TRIPS Agreement …” „… Act that were to ‘facilitate access to pharmaceutical products to address public health problems …” „… the Minister and the Minister of Health and is used to address health problems afflicting many …”

Introduction S. 17-18

„… Agreement lacked the legal ability to address those policy thoughts contained in the Public Health …” „… evaluation of the TRIPS Agreement that the policy thoughts of the Public Health Declaration can be evaluated …” „… Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (the ‘Public Health Declaration’).3 By adopting the …”

National policies and measures S. 245-247

„… reflect the Public Health Declaration was Belgium. In 2004 the Belgium legislature introduced for the …” „… first time a compulsory license to remedy possible access problems in the field of health care. The …” „… public health compulsory license made express reference to the TRIPS Agreement and the Public Health …”

India S. 236-238

„… safeguards are contained in Article 5 of the Policy Rules. In terms hereof the remuneration shall be …” „… provision, section 1030 Patent Act for the Kingdom of the Netherlands sec 57(1). 1031 Policy Rules Art 6 …” „… Policy Rules presupposes the urgency of applications made under the Art 31bis system, thus preventing an …”

Norway S. 223-228

„… Health Declaration and the TRIPS Agreement at large. It is free of prejudgemental policy issues and …” „… 223 Chapter 8 The realisation opportunities afforded by the Public Health Declaration The …” „… TRIPS Agreement and Public Health’ (17.09.2004) IP/C/W/427. 953 WTO Communication by Norway …”

An analysis of Article 8.1 TRIPS S. 53-56

„… to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital …” „… express referral to measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, to promote the public …” „… to challenge the public policy measures taken in connection with Article 8.1 will bear the burden …”

The role of ‘flexibility’ in the object and purposes of the TRIPS Agreement S. 60-65

„… technology, public health and nutrition and socio-economic development.186 These interests are referred to in …” „… both the preamble and part I of the TRIPS Agreement. Thus, the reference to these policy interests …” „… socio-economic and technical development should result from the manner of implementation. A further policy …”

The Netherlands S. 234-236

„… a relatively simple manner. In terms of the Dutch ‘Policy Rules on issuing compulsory licenses …” „… pursuant to WTO Decision WT/L/540’ (the ‘Policy Rules’)1018 the Minister sets terms and conditions for the …” „… Explanatory Notes to the Policy Rules the Minister expressly stated that section 57(1) ‘may be interpreted as …”

Cited treaties, legislation and similar legal documents S. 262-267

„… ) IP/C/W/280. WTO Submission by Brazil and others to the TRIPS Council ‘TRIPS and Public Health …” „… Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: Thematic Compilation’ (11.07.2002) IP/C/W/363. TRIPS …” „… ‘Ministerial Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health’ (04.10.2001) IP/C/W/312. WTO General …”

The legal implications of the Decision S. 198-217

„… sector’826 that is needed to address a public health problem.827 The definition of pharmaceutical …” „… the third qualification, those public health problems recognised in paragraph 1 of the Public Health …” „… Declaration, other sectors may have played a role in countering the public health problems. The nutritional …”

The material obligations S. 169-178

„… 169 4. Conclusion The Public Health Declaration has embellished the role of the scope and purpose …” „… in relations to patents and public health. The added certainty derived from the Public Health …” „… in the interpretation of the WTO Agreements. It can therefore be said that the Public Health …”

The subject matter of patents S. 69-85

„… regime in a manner that favours development and health. The UN Millennium Declaration is an example of …” „… the UN’s focus on development and health.217 In respect of measures taken to protect health, the WHO …” „… States, the Public Health Declaration and the subsequent decisions are likely to have the most …”

Introduction S. 29-30

„… 29 Chapter 4 The circumstances leading up to the Public Health Declaration A. Introduction On …” „… the 14th of November 2001 the WTO Ministerial Conference adopted the Public Health Declaration …” „… political and legal uncertainty as to the meaning and role of the TRIPS Agreement. The Public Health …”

The scope of the Decision S. 197-198

„… the dilemma set out in paragraph 6 of the Public Health Declaration. The Decision’s preamble clearly …” „… initially foreseen in the Public Health Declaration. Although not mandated, the Member States agreed that …” „… Public Health (WHO Geneva 2004) p. 6, Vandoren and Ravillard, 8 JWIP 2 (2005) p. 105. 820 Oh, 10 Bridges …”

The postponed implementation of certain TRIPS-obligations S. 160-161

„… ) IP/C/W/280 p. 3, WTO Submission by Brazil and others to the TRIPS Council ‘TRIPS and Public Health …” „… Council ‘TRIPS and Public Health’ (29.6.2001) IP/C/W/296 p. 9. 655 Compare Zimbabwe in TRIPS Council …” „… pharmaceutical products. The Public Health Declaration instructed the TRIPS Council to give effect to this …”

The scope of paragraph 6 S. 186-187

„… issues Paragraph 6 of the Public Health Declaration is misleading in the impression it gives. A read of …” „… limit the solution to public health problems. Instead it restricts the solution to the pharmaceutical …” „… sector.768 This is a clear reference to one of the core Public Health Declaration goals: the access to …”

An analysis of Article 8.2 TRIPS Agreement S. 56-58

„… Article 8.1 only permits two types of measures: the protection of public health and nutrition and the …” „… development of that Member State. Thus Article 8.1 permits health, nutritional and developmental measures …” „… that Member States implementing health policies will be presumed to act in compliance with the TRIPS …”

The legal effect of the Decision and the Chairman’s Statement S. 190-197

„… of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and public health’ (30.08.2003) WT/L …” „… that the decision was a completion of the Public Health Declaration. This comment was unfortunately …” „… regarding the legal effect of the Public Health Declaration, there is no doubt that the Decision has taken …”

The role of health in the object and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement S. 65-68

„… their structuring of resources, risk, and the balance between health issues and other policy issues in a …” „… downgrade the intellectual property protection required by the TRIPS Agreement.200 VII. The role of health …” „… in the object and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement Health, nutrition and other public interest …”

EC S. 238-242

„… products for export to countries with public health problems’ was adopted (the ‘EC Regulation’).1044 Being …” „… (creation of a common commercial policy). Cf. EC Commission Proposal for a Regulation on Compulsory …” „… Public Health Problems COM(2004)737 (29.10.2004) (‘EC Proposal’) 5-6, Hilf, 6 EJIL 2 (1995) p. 245 …”

The GATT system and the Uruguay Round S. 30-34

„… 30 B. The events preceding the Public Health Declaration I. The GATT system and the Uruguay …” „… human, animal or plant life and health’.61 The exclusions contained in Article XX are extensive …” „… tariff measures to protect the public health in accordance with Article XX(b) of the GATT Agreement, the …”

The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement S. 34-41

„… that made an award that appeared to favour of intel-lectual property rights over health policy …” „… countries would have to take measures to prevent the collapse of their already feeble public health systems …” „… al, 1 Globalization and Health 17 (2005) p. 1-2. 88 For a depiction of the extent of the HIV/AIDS …”

The withdrawal and limitation of rights conferred S. 86-145

„… invention must display for patentability. 303 TRIPS Agreement Art 31(i and j). 304 Cf. Public Health …” „… TRIPS Art 30. See WHO/WTO, WTO Agreements and Public Health: A Joint Study by the WHO and the WTO …” „… Agreement and Public Health, 14.11.2001, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 (‘Public Health Declaration’). Although disputes …”

Nature and scope of the TRIPS Agreement S. 42-47

„… and the Public Health Declaration were fundamentally shaped by public perceptions and political …” „… of its object and purpose’109 not only provides for a legal understanding of the Public Health …” „… Declaration, it also establishes the framework for the future application of the Public Health Declaration …”

Patents and society S. 19-25

„… pursue a policy which stimulates and rewards innovative elements in society, especially when these …” „… ensure the health of the company and to invest in new research and development.34 Expecting …” „… the effects of 39 TRIPS Agreement Art 65. 40 Public Health Declaration para 7, Gervais, 1 JIPLP 4 …”

Conclusion S. 247

„… from the Public Health Declaration. The spread of intellectual property protection that has occurred …” „… system infers that either the current public health problems are not sufficiently serious or the …” „… and know-how to 3 African generic pharmaceutical producers. This measure is part of Roche’s policy of …”

Conclusion S. 154-155

„… Intellectual Property Law & Policy (Juris Huntington 2001) vol 6. 155 reached. The haggling over how much …” „… areas was that of patent rights, in particular their impact on domestic health policies. The Public …” „… Health Declaration reflects the culmination of these disputes. …”

An analysis of Article 7 TRIPS S. 51-53

„… 51 adequate intellectual property protection or the public policy objectives of the Member States …” „… provisions.149 The TRIPS Agreement is however neither a health nor development aid treaty, it is a treaty …” „… regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public …”

An analysis of the preamble S. 47-51

„… transfer of technology.137 Article 8 on the other hand sets out the fixed policy or moral rule upon which …” „… protection: the status of intellectual property rights as private rights, the role of public policy …” „… underlying policy objectives of a domestic intellectual property system. The underlying public policy …”

Exhaustion S. 149-154

„… within the scope of patents, health and the TRIPS Agreement is the South African Medicines and Related …” „… of 1997 or adopt measures necessary to protect public health, and broaden access to medicines in …” „… Exhaustion Development in Europe in: Hansen (ed) International Intellectual Property Law & Policy (Juris …”

Disclosure S. 145-149

„… ) above. Further, Kiehl infers that emergency concept in Art 31(b) will fail because other public health …” „… compulsory license policy is best suited for a Member State. Reichmann and Hasenzahl rightly refer to the …” „… license policy as both bringing advantages and disadvantages. Cf. Reichman and Hasenzahl, Non-voluntary …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212654

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