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Renate Pirstner-Ebner - European Energy Law

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Renate Pirstner-Ebner

European Energy Law

2022

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2 Fundamentals of Energy Law S. 17-19

„… Fundamentals of Energy LawEnergyThe word energy stems from the ancient Greek term “energeia …” „… important in the future, especially in industrial use.15Energy lawLaw can be defined as rules of conduct …” „… energy law concerns provisions of the production, transportation and use of energy, the view of the …”

3 Overview of legislation S. 20-32

„… (Verlag Österreich 2015) 25 (41).3.1 Competences21Primary European Union LawThe primary EU energy law …” „… (see (a)).The energy law competence of Article 4 (2) (i) TFEU is general in its formulation and has …” „… been substantiated by the energy law competence of Article 194 TFEU (also from 2009). Article 194 TFEU …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… European Energy LawRenate Pirstner-EbnerMarket System for Electricity and Gas – Energy Supply …” „… LawMarket System for Electricity and Gas – Energy Supply Security – Green Energy System of the Future (Green …” „… (ePDF)Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataPirstner-Ebner, RenateEuropean Energy LawMarket System …”

4 Energy Union and governance S. 33-38

„… Law Regulation (see Article 9).133 See National energy and climate plans | EU-Kommission (europa.eu …” „… Energy Union and governanceEnergy UnionIn 2015 the EU adopted a strategy for an Energy Union based …” „… on five dimensions.128 These are the reduction of CO2 emissions, energy efficiency, security of …”

1 Introduction S. 15-16

„… competitive electricity and gas market and reduce the monopoly situations of the energy companies.Energy law …” „… Energy & Natural Recources Law 193.2 Electricity Market Directive 1996/92/EC and Gas Market Directive …” „… energy law legislation. One central chapter is the market system for gas and electricity, while separate …”

15 Energy system of the future S. 150-160

„… energy system”. Unfortunately, the provisions of EU law do not define the term “green energy system”, but …” „… energy is to store energy. Therefore, storage is the main element of a green smart grid. EU law …” „… the energy supply crisis management.Obligation to introduce smart gridsEU law does not set an explicit …”

Register S. 161-162

„… , 128energy efficiency obligation scheme 130energy law 19energy saving 19, 30, 127energy source 18energy …” „… alternative policy measure 130ambient energy 112atomic energy 18binding guideline 60biofuel 118biogas 118 …” „… energy 18citizen energy community 137climate protection 29, 53, 150climate-compatible 110coal 19, 20, 32 …”

10 Renewable energy S. 110-126

„… and Florian Ermacora (eds), EU Energy Law – Electricity Market Design in the European Union, vol VII …” „… Renewable energyThe transformation of the energy system to climate-compatible renewable energy …” „… renewable energy sources in the energy production system with the Renewable Electricity Production …”

5 Market System for electricity and gas S. 39-55

„… Operatorsʼ in Christopher Jones and William-James Kettlewell (eds), EU Energy Law – The Internal Energy …” „… energy law because the electricity and gas system operators are in a monopoly position towards the other …” „… access of system users. This core aspect of energy law shall be discussed in conjunction with the system …”

14 Storage S. 146-149

„… StorageThe increase in energy production from renewable energy sources leads to higher feed-in …” „… electricity networks. As energy storage facilities can store the surplus electricity energy and rerelease it …” „… their ability to store large quantities of energy.TerminologyThe Electricity Market Directive 2019 …”

12 Decentralisation S. 133-140

„… solved that problem in 2017 by introducing energy production communities in energy law.820 This …” „… DecentralisationHistorically, the energy systems of the EU Member States are centrally oriented …” „… has found expression in the legislation. As a result of the increasing renewable energy sources in …”

6 ACER S. 56-63

„… Christopher Jones and William-James Kettlewell (eds), EU Energy Law – The Internal Energy Market, vol I …” „… Law – The Internal Energy Market, vol I (claeys & casteels 2021) 454 margin number 7.372.264 Article …” „… of the “Clean Energy for All Europeans Package” in 2019.257 In doing this, the “Agency for the …”

8 National regulatory authorities S. 81-87

„… and William-James Kettlewell (eds), EU Energy Law – The Internal Energy Market, vol I (claeys …” „… been guilty of misconduct under national law.488 The European Commission reports every four years to …” „… , efficient and non-discriminatory systems, including energy efficiency and the integration of renewable …”

9 Security of supply S. 88-109

„… provision at the EU law level. This provision stipulates the security of energy supply as a target of the …” „… Security of supplyThe security of supply in the energy sector has been an exposed agenda in the EU …” „… electricity and gas (and other energy products) supply security. Therefore, a regula9524 The EU replaced the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748913627

Marc Bungenberg, Jörn Griebel, Stephan Hobe, August Reinisch - International Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Stephan Hobe (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

International Investment Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Achim-R. Börner IV. Investment Law and Energy S. 1644-1676

„… IV. Investment Law and Energy1 Achim-R. Börner A. Introduction …” „… investments, see UNCTAD FDI Report, 8. IV. Investment Law and Energy Achim-R. Börner 1645 1 2 quirements for …” „… et seq. IV. Investment Law and Energy Achim-R. Börner 1647 7 8 9 tilateral investment treaty …”

Richard Happ A. The Energy Charter Treaty S. 240-260

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Literature: Peter D. Cameron, International Energy Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2010 …” „… granted pursuant to law to undertake any Economic Activity in the Energy Sector. From the chapeau of Art …” „… III. Pluri-/Multilateral and Regional Approaches A. The Energy Charter Treaty Richard Happ 1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVIII

„… ...............................................III. 1629 Markus Krajewski Investment Law and Energy …” „… Economic Partnership Agreement CEPMLP Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy CETA …” „… Law Review Energy L. J. Energy Law Journal ERPL European Review of Private Law ESG Environmental …”

Arno Gildemeister V. Investment Law and Taxation S. 1677-1691

„… V. Investment Law and Taxation Arno Gildemeister A. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Literature: Arthur R. Albrecht, ‘The Taxation of Aliens Under International Law’ (1952) 29 BYIL …” „… Jacques Werner and Arif Hyder Ali (eds), A liber amicorum: Thomas Wälde – law beyond conventional thought …”

Michael Hahn II. EU Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 671-684

„… ) explicitly attributes to ordinary EU laws (regulations) the full power of law in all member States …” „… Reinisch and Christina Knahr (eds), International Investment Law in Context (Eleven, 2008) 73–93; Jukka …” „… (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 2011) 547–574. A. The EU Legal Order and …”

Anne K. Hoffmann G. Denial of Benefits S. 598-613

„… Benefits Clauses in Investment Arbitration Case Law . . . 11 a) Case Law Based on BITs and NAFTA …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 b) Case Law Based on the ECT …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. Issues Arising from the Interpretation of Denial of Benefits Clauses in the Current Case Law …”

Ole Spiermann IV. Investment Arbitration: Applicable Law S. 1373-1390

„… functions of international law.17 The arbitral tribunal in Duke Energy v. Peru was perhaps less clear,18 and …” „… of national law clearly less generous.31 In LG&E Energy v. Argentina, another tribunal favourable …” „… State reigns supreme and which normally, together with choice of laws principles, forms the proper law …”

Irmgard Marboe IV. Valuation in Cases of Breaches of International Law Unrelated to Expropriation S. 1082-1102

„… of law – are ‘lawful’ under Chapter 11 provided that compensation is paid in accordance with the …” „… IV. Valuation in Cases of Breaches of International Law Unrelated to Expropriation Irmgard Marboe …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. Customary Law Standard of Reparation under the Law of State Responsibility …”

Ursula Kriebaum III. Arbitrary/Unreasonable or Discriminatory Measures S. 790-806

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2. Provided for by the Law …” „… , Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (eds), Human Rights in International Investment Law and Arbitration (Oxford University …” „… with other Standards’ in Clarisse Ribeiro (ed), Investment Protection and the Energy Charter Treaty …”

Jean-Christophe Honlet, Barton Legum, Anna Crevon A. ICSID Annulment S. 1431-1459

„… Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2008) 1125–1153; Walid Ben …” „… Reed, Jan Paulsson and Nigel Blackaby, Guide to ICSID Arbitration (Kluwer Law International, 2010); W …” „… . 14 (Kluwer Law International, 2009) 285–317; Katia Yannaca- Small (ed), Arbitration under …”

Marc Bungenberg, Stephan Hobe II. The Relationship of International Investment Law and European Union Law S. 1602-1628

„… Energy Charter Treaty. The tribunal held that the Energy Charter Treaty was the applicable law together …” „… law prevails over the non-European law-conforming BIT provisions from the date of accession of new …” „… European Union law. All conflict-of-laws rules only regulate conflicts between international law and …”

Borzu Sabahi, Kabir Duggal, Nicholas Birch VI. Limits on Compensation for Internationally Wrongful Acts S. 1115-1129

„… J. Grierson Weiler (ed), Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Law (Juris, 2008); José E …” „… ; Ian Brownlie, 1 System of the Law of Nations: State Responsibility (Oxford University Press, 1983 …” „… ); Jennifer Cabrera, ‘Moral Damages in Investment Arbitration and Public International Law’ in Ian A. Laird …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… international lawyers, i.e. Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) of 1969,61 …” „… law-makers is neither new nor uncommon,74 but constantly in danger of surrendering legal normativity to the …” „… 34 Proceeding from a common starting point,79 the main thrust of these rule of law-centric approaches …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… condition of lawful conduct Chapter 6 II E 19 in accordance with the law Chapter 6 II A 14 income method of …” „… Latin American BITs Chapter 4 II B 4 law and development movement Chapter 8 I 153 lawful investments …” „… Chapter 6 II D 1 law-making Chapter 13 XII 44 law of aliens Chapter 2 III 7; Chapter 6 II A 3 law of the …”

Irmgard Marboe I. The System of Reparation and Questions of Terminology S. 1031-1044

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 C. The System of ‘Reparation’ under the Law of State Responsibility. . . . . 9 1. Restitution …” „… ), Investment Treaty Law. Current Issues III (British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2008 …” „… ) 77–86; Mark Kantor, Valuation for Arbitration (Kluwer Law International, 2008); Irmgard Marboe …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… unilateral undertakings expressed in its energy sector laws and regulations.63 The tribunal confirmed that …” „… may attach, particularly by manipulating its law-making processes to that end. Tribunals have …” „… Over Contract Claims – the SGS Cases Considered’ in Todd Weiler (ed), International Investment Law and …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… , such as the Energy Charter Treaty. Furthermore, international investment law, as already pointed out …” „… Investment Law (Nomos and Hart, 2014); Catharine Titi, ‘The Arbitrator as a Lawmaker: Jurisgenerative …” „… VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law Marc Bungenberg and Catharine Titi A …”

Carsten Kern VI. Transfer of Funds S. 870-886

„… Energy Charter Treaty (Juris Publishing, 2006); Milan R. Shuster, The Public International Law of Money …” „… international law.29 Free Transfer Subject to the Host State’s Laws and Regulations Contrary to the ‘free …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5. Free Movement of Capital and Payments under EU Law .. . . . . . . . . . 25 C. The Transfer of …”

Armand de Mestral III. Pre-Entry Obligations under International Law S. 685-699

„… domestic law’ or subject to ‘laws in force.’ These words in a BIT or other form of treaty generally suggest …” „… III. Pre-Entry Obligations under International Law Armand de Mestral A. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Literature: Rudolf Dolzer and Christoph Schreuer, Principles of international investment law …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… , namely the law of State responsibility.28 The relevance of the distinction between lawful and unlawful …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1. Compensation Standard under Treaty Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1. Customary Law Standard of the Law of State Responsibility. . . . . . . 29 2. Applicable …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. Treaty Law …” „… Natural Resources in International Law (Some Aspects)’ (1979) 162 RC 245–317; Ian Brownlie, Principles of …” „… Public International Law (Oxford University Press, 2003); John P. Bullington, ‘Problems of International …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… III. Investment Law and Public Services Markus Krajewski A. Introduction …” „… . Explaining the Missing Debate on Investment Law and Public Services …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Literature: Francesco Costamagna, ‘Regulating Public Services and International Investment Law’ in …”

Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel I. The Future of International Investment Law – Substantive Protection and Dispute Settlement S. 1863-1872

„… investment is ruled by the laws of the host State, and again this will include any later changes of the law …” „… Chapter 14: The Future of International Investment Law I. The Future of International Investment …” „… Law – Substantive Protection and Dispute Settlement Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel A. Introductory Remark …”

Stephan Wittich II. State Responsibility S. 23-45

„… effectiveness of international law. A potential law-breaker anticipating certain adverse effects of his own …” „… making the law-breaker legally accountable for his wrongdoing and by attaching some form of ‘sanction’ in …” „… . 97 This is considered by Martins Paparinskis (n. 90) 639 as at least ‘provid[ing] the law-making seal …”

Noah Rubins, Ben Love I. Ratione Temporis S. 481-494

„… ) 4. 23 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (n. 4) Art. 25. 24 The Energy Charter Treaty of 17 …” „… difficult issues in international law, and investment treaties present no exception. In general, investment …” „… have accordingly produced a body of inconsistent case law that often falls short of clearly delineating …”

Stephan Hobe I. The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of General Principles of Protection under Public International Law Stephan HobeThe Development of the Law of Aliens S. 6-22

„… accordance with its national laws. Of course the question as to the standard of international law with regard …” „… body.40 Furthermore, (2) one can find some law-abiding procedures in case of detention and (3) the …” „… Chapter 2: The Law Relating to Aliens, the International Minimum Standard and State Responsibility …”

Bruno Simma, Dirk Pulkowski I. Two Worlds, but Not Apart: International Investment Law and General International Law S. 361-371

„… Regimes in International Law’ (2006) 17 EJIL 483–530; Joseph H. Weiler, ‘The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos …” „… investment law without any obvious kernel that investment lawyers tend not to perceive their discipline as …” „… remainder of international law than trade lawyers, who, as the system was at least prior to the …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… Law’,in OECD (ed), International Investment Law. A Changing Landscape (OECD, 2005) 43–72, available at …” „… apply the law of the Contracting State party to the dispute (including its rules on the conflict of laws …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3. General International Law as Relevant Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 E …”

Gabriel Bottini, Veronica Lavista, Mariana Lozza E. MERCOSUR and CAFTA S. 326-341

„… Law. Ibid., para. 7.1. 125 TCW Group, Inc. and Dominican Energy Holdings, L.P. v. Dominican Republic …” „… Chung and Claire Balchin (eds), The Backlash against Investment Arbitration (Kluwer Law International …” „… of modern international investment law.1 MERCOSUR was created through the Treaty of Asunción on 26 …”

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… not international law. Yet, as regards valuation, the applicable contract laws generally also require …” „… as known in Roman law and national contract laws in order to fit to the specificities of long-term …” „… interest which exist in some national contract laws, in particular common law countries.31 Sometimes, it is …”

Christoph Schreuer V. The Future of International Investment Law S. 1904-1912

„… V. The Future of International Investment Law Christoph Schreuer A. Introduction …” „… Kriebaum, August Reinisch and Stephan Wittich (eds), International Investment Law for the 21st Century …” „… Future – Essays on International Law in Honor of W. Michael Reisman (Martinus Nijhoff, 2011) 787–803. A …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… applicable rules of international law.’35 Similarly, Article 26(6) of the Energy Charter Treaty states that …” „… law as may be applicable. Thus, in the absence of a choice of law clause, the laws of the host State …” „… VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes1 …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… Security’ and Customary International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Origin …” „… Paradell, Law and Practice of Investment Treaties (Wolters Kluwer, 2009) 307–314; Jeswald W. Salacuse, The …” „… Law of Investment Treaties (Oxford University Press, 2010) 207–217; Christoph Schreuer, ‘Full …”

Andrew Newcombe B. The Americas S. 202-220

„… (ed), Latin American Investment Treaty Arbitration: The Controversies and Conflicts (Kluwer Law …” „… doctrines in international investment law, including the Hull rule, arose out of economic and political …” „… America and ICSID: David versus Goliath’ (2011) 17 Law & Bus. Rev. Am. 195–230, 226. 7 The Union of South …”

John Y. Gotanda VIII. Interest S. 1142-1153

„… (Martinus Nijhoff, 2010); Mark Kantor, Valuation for Arbitration (Kluwer Law International, 2008) 261–287 …” „… (eds), The Law of International Responsibility (Oxford University Press, 2010) 613–622; Irmgard Marboe …” „… , Calculation of Compensation and Damages in International Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2009 …”

Sabine Konrad B. Protection of Investments Owned by States S. 545-554

„… by no means a recent development.6 In fact, one of the most quoted cases in international law, the …” „… Russia and Ukraine on Cooperation in the Development of Fuel and Energy Complexes of 7 September 1994 …” „… and includes ‘any entity constituted or organized under applicable law (…) whether privately or …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… . 32) para. 355) to the customary law-based necessity defence. Since Art. 4 only deals with the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. The Necessity Defence under Customary International Law: Article 25 of the ILC Articles …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 c) The Tribunals’ Diverging Approaches to the Relationship between the Customary Law Based …”

Christian Tietje XI. Investment Law and Sovereign Wealth Funds S. 1802-1816

„… XI. Investment Law and Sovereign Wealth Funds Christian Tietje A. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 E. Regulatory Instruments Addressing the Operation of SWFs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. Soft Law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2. Hard Law …”

August Reinisch V. National Treatment S. 846-869

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 F. The Relevance of Trade Law Jurisprudence on National Treatment for Investment Disputes …” „… Human Rights and Investment Law’ in Stephan Schill (ed), International Investment Law and Comparative …” „… Public Law (Oxford University Press, 2010) 279–315; Andrea K. Bjorklund, ‘National Treatment’ in August …”

Kaj Hobér, Joshua Fellenbaum I. Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Protection S. 1517-1551

„… : Cases, Materials and Commentary (Kluwer Law International, 2005); Paul Comeaux and Stephan Kinsella …” „… Stephan Kinsella, Protecting Foreign Investment under International Law. Legal Aspects of Political Risk …” „… on the specific clauses included therein. At the international law level investors enjoy protection …”

Ulrich Klemm III. Financing of Foreign Direct Investment by Development Finance InstitutionsThis contribution is current as of July 2012. S. 1569-1584

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4. Status of Multilateral Institutions under International Public Law 9 C. Types of Finance …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Literature: Chittharanjan Felix Amerasinghe, Principles of the institutional law of international …” „… Steuerrecht (German International Tax Law Journal, IStR) 561–563; Stefano Gatti, Project Finance in Theory and …”

Kaj Hobér II. Does Investment Arbitration have a Future? S. 1873-1878

„… multilateral investment treaties: the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and the North America Free Trade Agreement …” „… they, in the view of the Commission, were incompatible, or overlapped, with EU law, agreements and …” „… , particularly, in Latin America, have been Chapter 14: The Future of International Investment Law 1874 Kaj Hobér …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… international law. In those laws, they are used to determine the existence of a legal person, see Matthias …” „… Case Law’ in Federico Ortino, Lahra Liberti, Audley Sheppard and Hugo Warner (eds), Investment Treaty …” „… Law Current Issues II (BIICL, 2007) 17– 23; Aron Broches, ‘The Convention on the Settlement of …”

Joachim Karl F. The Negotiations on the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment S. 342-360

„… Investment Law, Lessons from the OECD MAI Negotiations and their Application to a Possible Multilateral …” „… Dolzer and Christoph Schreuer, Principles of International Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2008 …” „… Fall of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment: Where now?’ (2000) 34 Int’l Law. 1033–1053; August …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… effectively change the interpretation of a provision (in casu a tax law) see Duke Energy International Peru …” „… circumscribing the conditions for lawful expropriation. Non-discrimination is also key in human rights law as it …” „… law of the Contracting State party to the dispute (including its rules on the conflict of laws) and …”

Marc Bungenberg, Manjiao Chi C. Chinese Investment Law S. 221-239

„… investment law focuses on laws of enterprises, and is composed of several major laws and a large number of …” „… Ventures23 and the Law of Foreign-Owned Enterprises24 (collectively ‘foreign investment laws’). China’s …” „… C. Chinese Investment Law1 Marc Bungenberg and Manjiao Chi 1. Introduction – Chinese Investment …”

Christina Knahr F. The Territorial Nexus between an Investment and the Host State S. 590-597

„… Binder, Ursula Kriebaum, August Reinisch and Stephan Wittich (eds), International Investment Law in the …” „… . ARB(AF)/05/1, Award, 19 June 2007, available at http://ita.law.uvic.ca/documents/bayview.pdf. 2 Canadian …” „… , available at http://ita.law.uvic.ca/documents/CCFT-USAAward.pdf. 3 For more on these cases see e.g …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… Foreign Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2011); Frank Hoffmeister and Güneş Ünüvar, ‘From BITS and …” „… Christina Knahr (eds), International Investment Law in Context (Eleven, 2008) 73–92. 5 Treaty of Lisbon …” „… : The Future of International Investment Law 1886 August Reinisch 5 6 7 finalised. Rather, the …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… any licenses and permits granted pursuant to law to undertake any Economic Activity in the Energy …” „… applicable laws and regulations; moreover, they must do so even if they believe a law or regulation to be in …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 (1) Case Law …”

Lars Markert, Helene Bubrowski B. National Setting Aside Proceedings in Investment Arbitration S. 1460-1481

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (1) Applying the Wrong Law …” „… Investment Law and Arbitration: Past Issues, Current Practice, Future Prospects (Transnational, 2004) 359 …” „… literature on international investment law. This might be due to two main reasons. First, investment …”

Stephan Wittich V. Investment Arbitration: Remedies S. 1391-1430

„… lawful or unlawful), breach of international law unrelated to expropriation (the ‘standards of investment …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 a) General International Law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 b) Investment Law and Arbitration …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… Press, 2012), available at http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690 …” „… repealed. The investor would have needed to accept the offer to arbitrate in writing prior to the law’s …” „… and Applicable Law. . . . . . . . . . 28 B. Giving and Withdrawing Consent to Arbitrate …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… made with the support of a conflict of laws reference to the applicable substantive law. Unlike in a …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. Choice of Law Clauses …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Importance of Explicit Choice of Law in State Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Exclusive …”

Richard E. (Rory) Walck II. Methods of Valuing Losses S. 1045-1056

„… for Arbitration: Compensation Standards, Valuation Methods and Expert Evidence (Kluwer Law Int’l, 2008 …” „… Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2009); Shannon Pratt, Robert Reilly and Robert Schweihs, Valuing a …” „… , 1999); Sergey Ripinsky and Kevin Williams, Damages in International Investment Law (British Institute …”

André von Walter I. Investor-State Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law S. 80-92

„… “doctrine of the conflict of laws”’.6 Hence, because foreign investors are not subjects of international law …” „… rules of conflict of laws. And indeed, in the absence of an explicit choice of law to the contrary by …” „… Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law André von Walter* A. Introduction …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. International Investment Law in the Era before BITs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 …” „… Customary International Law of Investment Protection …” „… University Press, 2013); Jeswald Salacuse, The Law of Investment Treaties (Oxford University Press, 2010 …”

Burkhard Schöbener IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law and the Law Relating to Aliens S. 64-79

„… IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law and the Law Relating to Aliens …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. The Rules of International Law that Protect Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 …” „… . Protection under Customary International Law via the International Minimum Standard …”

Catharine Titi IX. International Investment Law and Good Governance S. 1768-1783

„… investment law’s increased exposure to public scrutiny, it is important to understand this notion and …” „… IX. International Investment Law and Good Governance Catharine Titi A. Introduction …” „… International Investment Law (Cambridge University Press, 2012); Kevin Lim, ‘Upholding Corrupt Investors’ Claims …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… Interaction between Intra-EU BITs and EU Law . . . . 29 b) The Potential Conflict of Extra-EU BITs with EU Law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Literature: George Bermann, ‘Navigating EU Law and the Law of International Arbitration’ (2012 …” „… (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995); Andrew Newcombe and Lluís Paradell, Law and Practice of Investment …”

Rainer Hofmann III. The Protection of Individuals under Public International Law S. 46-63

„… III. The Protection of Individuals under Public International Law Rainer Hofmann A. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. Individuals under Traditional Public International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 …” „… . Subjects of Public International Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 …”

Michael Hahn I. WTO Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 653-670

„… GATT Law – Or So They thought … .. . . 1 B. Investment-Related Rights and Obligations in Existing WTO …” „… Law (Other than GATT …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Literature: Rudolf Dolzer and Christoph Schreuer, Principles of International Investment Law …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… device or an instrument of system-wide law-making.60 Even though arbitral tribunals do not become tired …” „… different uses of precedent in international law see Marc Jacob, ‘Precedents: Lawmaking Through …” „… important lawmakers in international investment law when transforming the broad principles of international …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… Griebel and Steffen Hindelang (ed), International Investment Law and EU Law (Springer, 2011); Marc …” „… 123–151; Markus Burgstaller, ‘European Law and Investment Treaties’ (2009) 26 J. Int’l Arb. 181–216 …” „… ; Angelos Dimopoulos, EU Foreign Investment Law (Oxford University Press, 2011); Thomas Eilmansberger …”

Stefan Kroll VII. Enforcement of Awards S. 1482-1504

„… under the national laws based on the Model Law see UNCITRAL, 2012 Digest of Case Law on the Model Law on …” „… under the Local Arbitration Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 E. Enforcement of ICSID …” „… Binder, Ursula Kriebaum, August Reinisch and Stephan Wittich (eds), International Investment Law for the …”

Jan K. Schäfer I. Alternatives to Investment Arbitration S. 1186-1211

„… International Investment Law’, ch. 1, 1–5. 37 For example, Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT …” „… at http://www.law …” „… Resolution in Civil and Commercial Law (presented by the Commission), Brussels, 19.4.2002 COM(2002) 196 final …”

James Crawford, Simon Olleson III. The Application of the Rules of State Responsibility S. 411-441

„… characterisation is not affected by the fact that the same act may be lawful as a matter of the internal law of the …” „… as lawful or unlawful under a State’s internal law is not determinative of the characterisation of …” „… Between Form and Authority’ (2002) 96 AJIL 857–873; James Crawford, The International Law Commission’s …”

Monique Sasson III. Investment Arbitration: Procedure S. 1288-1372

„… conflict of laws) and such rules of international law as may be applicable. (2) The Tribunal may not bring …” „… Investment Law for the 21st Century (Oxford University Press, 2009); Gary Born, International Arbitration …” „… (Kluwer, 2010); John Collier and Vaughan Lowe, The Settlement of Disputes in International Law …”

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Oliver C. Ruppel, Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting - Environmental Law and Policy in Namibia

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Oliver C. Ruppel (ed.), Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting (ed.)

Environmental Law and Policy in Namibia

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 43 2022

Results in this title

Detlof von Oertzen Energy Law and Policy in Namibia S. 467-508

„… 467 Chapter 19: Energy Law and Policy in Namibia Detlof von Oertzen 1 Introduction to Namibia’s …” „… ). 13 von Oertzen (2014a). 14 von Oertzen (2018b). Energy Law and Policy in Namibia 469 Kunene River …” „… Ruppel (2011b). 20 Adger et al. (2014:760). 21 Stocker et al. (2013). Energy Law and Policy in Namibia …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Environmental Law and Policy in the Southern African Development Community S. 155-188

„… generation and markets. Laws governing sustainable energy development and supply cut across many sectors such …” „… 155 Chapter 7: Environmental Law and Policy in the Southern African Development Community Oliver C …” „… / Ruppel-Schlichting (2017b) and Ruppel-Schlichting / Ruppel (2011). Environmental Law and Policy in the Southern …”

Bibliography S. 789-839

„… Water Law. Un-published thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Laws (LLM …” „… 789 Bibliography Abu-Zeid, K. 2001. “International Water Law from Helsinki Rules to the United …” „… Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational uses of International Watercourses”. 3(4) Water …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Climate Change de Facto and de Jure: Legal and Regulatory Aspects Relevant to Namibia S. 561-606

„… biodiversity law, environmentally relevant provisions within the law of the sea, outer space law, energy and …” „… general questions of how cli-mate change may affect current law-giving and its implementation. For …” „… . Private law climate change actions, in terms of the laws of delict consist of parties spanning from …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-36

„… Forestry 104 6.7 Legislation on Energy and Mining 104 7 Roman-Dutch and Common Law 105 8 Customary Law 107 …” „… Minerals Policy 464 2.3 The SADC Protocol on Mining 465 Chapter 19: Energy Law and Policy in Namibia 467 …” „… and energy law. He is a long-standing member of the Law Society of Namibia and previously was a …”

Meyer van den Berg, Peter Koep Chapter 18: Mining Law and Policy in Namibia S. 455-466

„… PART VII: MINING AND ENERGY 455 Chapter 18: Mining Law and Policy in Namibia Meyer van den Berg …” „… mining and energy sectors in Na-mibia are dealt with in terms of various pieces of legislation. The …” „… and energy sectors in Namibia. Because the EMA came into operation after the Minerals Act and the …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Environmental Law and Policy in the African Union S. 133-154

„… international law in the African continent with particular attention to the laws of the Union as embodied in the …” „… 133 Chapter 6: Environmental Law and Policy in the African Union Oliver C. Ruppel 1 Introduction …” „… affairs; infrastructure and energy; social affairs; human resources, science and technology; trade and …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Environmental Law in Namibia – an Overview S. 75-108

„… GRN (2011b). Environmental Law in Namibia – an Overview 91 The Ministry of Mines and Energy issued …” „… Article 1(6) of the Constitution, the latter is the law above all laws. Therefore, all legislation ought …” „… only provided that the requirements of any other law, in particular laws relating to health, safety and …”

Felicity F. Owoses Land-Use Planning and the Environment S. 407-434

„… principles of planning as well as with principles of law.5 This interrelationship between land-use planning …” „… and the law commands an integrated approach to land-use planning. This interrelationship is …” „… renewable energy, have a recrea-tional function, be part of a cultural landscape, regulate the supply of air …”

Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting Namibia and its Environment S. 65-74

„… ) 510,568 2018 Energy Total energy supply (petajoules) 82 2017 Energy supply per capita (gigajoules …” „… ) 32 2017 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)9 1,586 2010 Energy use intensity (megajoules …” „… animal health. Environmental law can substantially contribute towards reducing these negative effects …”

Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting Pollution Control and Waste Management S. 209-228

„… both national and inter-national law. A wide variety of legal norms are applicable in this field of …” „… those sets of law and policy that govern pollution control and waste management in Namibia. 2 …” „… International Law A broad range of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) are pertinent to pol-lution …”

Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting Introducing Environmental Law S. 49-64

„… law-making processes. But why is law needed to conserve our environment? Given that environmental …” „… 49 Chapter 2: Introducing Environmental Law Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting 1 Terminology At the …” „… outset, it is important to explain the term environmental law, as there is more than one one valid …”

Clemens C.C. von Doderer, Jonathan M. Kamwi, Oliver C. Ruppel Forestry Related Law and Policy S. 435-452

„… Constitution, the latter is the law above all laws. Therefore, all legislation ought to be consistent with the …” „… 435 Chapter 17: Forestry Related Law and Policy Clemens C.C. von Doderer, Jonathan M. Kamwi and …” „… production of fire blocks from crushed bush for energy production. Moreover, woodlands harbour fruit and …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Chapter 28: Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development S. 709-766

„… water and sani-tation; affordable and clean energy; decent work and economic growth; industry …” „… and the strong, poor and the rich, liberty is the oppressor and the law is freedom. Article 11(2 …” „… connect the dots between climate change and what I might call here WEF – water, energy and food (…). But …”

Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting Chapter 8: Environmental Management in Namibia S. 191-208

„… of raw materials and energy and the amount of waste production) and the minimisation of environmental …” „… framework legislation, covering all sectors of environmental law. The objec-tive of the Act is laid down in …” „… Section 3(2) and reflect the general principles of environmental law as already developed on …”

Pieter Heyns The Okavango River Basin – Resolving the Dichotomy Between Development and Environment S. 341-358

„… water law, territorial sovereignty, and transboundary water resources management. However, Namibia only …” „… interbasin transboundary transfers in the principles of international water law. It is also planned to divert …” „… environmen-tal policy or law in place that required and made environmental assessments compul-sory, but the …”

Oliver C. Ruppel, Anielle von Finckenstein Chapter 15: Land, Soil and Agriculture from a Namibian and International Law Perspective S. 379-406

„… 1990, the Constitution is the law above all laws. Therefore, all legislation ought to be consistent …” „… training of lawyers and law students in the subject of soil protection and law can promote the need for any …” „… International Law Perspective Oliver C. Ruppel and Anielle von Finckenstein 1 Introduction This chapter …”

Elize Shakalela Instituting an Environmental Court or Tribunal: An Option for Namibia? S. 677-692

„… law is defined as a body of laws, including a system of complex and interlocking statutes, common law …” „… training and expertise in environmental law and to whom environmental cases are assigned formally or …” „… proposes the establishment of an ECT. In the amid of institutions involved with enforcing environmental law …”

Pieter Heyns, Shirley Bethune Chapter 12: Water Related Policy and Statutory Law S. 273-340

„… PART V: WATER ENVIRONMENT 273 Chapter 12: Water Related Policy and Statutory Law Pieter Heyns …” „… et al. (2017:42) 11 Ibid:42. Water Related Policy and Statutory Law 275 periods. This type of …” „… international water law and water treaties. 2.5 Water Demand In 2015 the total water demand in Namibia was …”

Detlof von Oertzen Namibia’s Electricity Sector S. 509-530

„… mid-2020, Namibia’s electricity requirements are sourced from 20 local electrical energy generation …” „… Ibid:43. 6 Ibid:43. 7 See Section 5 in the previous Chapter on energy in this publication. 8 Ibid:43 …” „… for electrical energy. This is well-illus-trated by the figures for the financial year 2018/19, during …”

Isaac Mapaure Chapter 21: Review of the Climate Change Situation in Namibia: Projected Trends, Vulnerability and Impacts S. 533-560

„… systems, health, and energy. Therefore, Namibia has to continue taking measures and actions designed to …” „… Guide-lines18 require that GHG emission estimates should be compiled for the sectors of En-ergy, Industrial …” „… in the energy sector under Fuel Combustion Activities.22 The Namib-ian economy is not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933564

Christiane Trüe, Lydia Scholz - The EU Green Deal and its Implementation

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Christiane Trüe (ed.), Lydia Scholz (ed.)

The EU Green Deal and its Implementation

2023

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The Energy Charter Treaty and the European Green Deal: A Critical Analysis Under EU and International Trade Law S. 157-184

„… arbitration under the Energy Charter Treaty’ Practical Law Arbitration 4 (2015) available at …” „… https://ccsi.columbia.edu/news/should-european-union-fix-leave-or-kill-energy-charter-treaty104 See Schaugg, L., Di Salvatore, supra note 97105 Article 54(b) of Vienna Convention on the Law …” „… Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’)4.The Energy Charter Treaty and the …”

Germany’s Energy Strategy between the EU Green Deal Targets and Economic Freedom S. 145-156

„… Energy Law and in the Energy Efficiency Law.Renewable Energy LawThe renewable energy law is based on the …” „… commercial buildings and also apply to new private buildings.Energy Efficiency LawLegislation at both EU and …” „… value chain in the energy sector is generally affected by energy efficiency law at the levels of …”

SDGs and Port Systems: New Challenges and Opportunities for Marine Protection from the EU Green Deal Perspective S. 289-317

„… Climate Change Law, Law 7/2021, of May 20, anticipates, within the framework of the National Energy and …” „… complex Law 7/2021, of May 20", Vlex Journal of Administrative Law.Uriarte Ricote, Maite: Planning Green …” „… half of the twenty-first century. * Prof. Dr., IBYDA/Public Law Department, University of Malaga …”

The role of Green Public Procurement (GPP) under the EU Green Deal as a key lever of the transition to a circular and climate neutral Europe S. 247-266

„… Section – EU Public Law, ERA Academy of European Law, Trier; Post-doctoral Researcher, Law School …” „… concerns within other policy areas (such as agriculture, energy, internal market, trade, fisheries …” „… last decade, given that environmental concerns have become a fundamental part of EU law through the …”

Tax and Environment in Brazil and Germany S. 105-120

„… (Abgabenordnung – AO)2 contains basic principles for all individual tax laws. It is the most elementary law of …” „… necessary and mandatory expenses by law.The tax on services – ISS, formally called the Service Tax of Any …” „… Basic Law (Grundgesetz)GrStG Real Estate Tax Act (Grundsteuergesetz)HDI Human Development IndexICMS Tax …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… implementation, including technical standardisation, criminal law sanctions and market-based measures, such as …” „… sectors, including Energy, Transport, Public Procurement, Urban Planning and Migration.This conference …” „… Holland, Sarah Holland-Kunkel, André RöhlOn the Criminal Law Dimension of the Green Deal 45Marc …”

Augmenting the Green Deal – The Case for Introducing Personal Carbon Trading in the EU S. 61-78

„… initially allowed to trade permits in this way were large-scale manufacturers and energy-suppliers, with the …” „… currently ahead of its time.”16C.13 Parag/Fawcett, Energy and Emission Control Techniques 2014, p. 23, 30.14 …” „… , in the form of use of fuel consumption for household heating and energy, or for personal transport.20 …”

Welcome and introduction by Kai Stührenberg S. 11-16

„… areas, such as investment rules, energy supply, transportation, trade, and agriculture, our agenda for …” „… energy supply across the economy, industry, production and consumption, transport, food and agriculture …” „… Emissions Trading System for buildings and transport.Three initiatives focusing on energy -> with concrete …”

Is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Illegal? S. 123-142

„… a law, regulation or requirement “affecting … [an EU product’s, e.g. EU energy’s or cement’s …” „… , this paper focuses on the question whether the CBAM is consistent with the WTO law.The WTO and its …” „… Adjustment Mechanism is consistent with international law, namely that implemented by the World Trade …”

Building the Road to Green Entrepreneurial Orientation in Higher Education and Research: Sharing Experience and Looking Ahead S. 187-214

„… of skyrocketing energy prices and insecurity of supply due to the Russian-Ukrainian war have put the …” „… energy transition at the top of EU's priorities1. In light of varying capacities of the EU Member States …” „… to make the EU's climate, energy, transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas …”

Climate Rights Enforcement in the EU: Individual Rights – Causation – Standing S. 217-244

„… environmental and energy law. Contact: Christiane.Truee@HS-Bremen.deIntroductionConsequences of climate change …” „… from the law?These consequences of climate change constitute new challenges to all entities, public or …” „… ‘How dare you violate my human rights – by your inadequate law-making? – by not outlawing and …”

Nachhaltigkeitswende durch das EU-Klimapaket „Fit for 55“ nach der Klimakonferenz von Glasgow S. 19-42

„… https://www.consilium.europa.eu/de/press/press-releases/2021/05/05/european-climate-law-council-and-parliament-reach-provisional-agreement(letzter Abruf …” „… directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency, COM(2021) 558 final.68 …” „… of energy products and electricity, COM(2021) 563 final.76 Mitteilung der Kommission (Fn. 2), COM …”

Climate Refugees – Current or future issue in Society and Law? S. 269-286

„… MigrationLisa-Marie Hartwig*Climate Refugees – Current or future issue in Society and Law?On 13 …” „… a direct causation by climate change.International and regional refugee LawIn terms of articulating …” „… LawThe European Union's Qualification Directive69 also only obliges member states to a limited extent to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783957104205

Eva Schulev-Steindl, Monika Hinteregger, Gottfried Kirchengast, Lukas H. Meyer, Oliver C. Ruppel, Gerhard Schnedl, Karl W. Steininger - Climate Change, Responsibility and Liability

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Eva Schulev-Steindl (ed.), Monika Hinteregger (ed.), Gottfried Kirchengast (ed.), Lukas H. Meyer (ed.), Oliver C. Ruppel (ed.), Gerhard Schnedl (ed.), Karl W. Steininger (ed.)

Climate Change, Responsibility and Liability

Series: Climate Change Law and Governance | Droit et Gouvernance du Changement Climatique | Klimaschutzrecht und Governance

Volume 1 2022

Results in this title

Cao Wei Climate change, public interest litigation and the development of renewable energy law in China – based on the analysis of Friends of Nature v Ningxia Grid Company S. 493-498

„… , public interest litigation and the development of re-newable energy law in China – based on the analysis …” „… Renewable Energy Law. Never-theless, the abandonment of wind and solar resources is a significant problem …” „… public interest litigation and Renewable Energy Law. 2 Friends of Nature v State Grid Ningxia Company …”

Zhou Ke China’s climate change law: History, current situation, and key issues S. 161-178

„… Congress adopted the Renewable Energy Law on February 28, 2005. 2.2 2007 to 2011 As can be seen from …” „… mitigate climate change In a legal context, the most important documents are the Energy Conservation Law …” „… and the Renewable Energy Law. Neither is directly related to mitigation; rather, each one indirectly …”

Eva Schulev-Steindl, Gerhard Schnedl Oslo Principles in EU and Austrian climate change law S. 313-360

„… – A strategic next step?’ (2020) 13 The Journal of World Energy Law & Business 331. 33 See Stephan …” „… via the ‘Fit for 55’ package’ (2022) 1 Oxford Open Energy 1; Giorgio Monti, ‘The European climate law …” „… energy-efficient road transport vehicles (2009) OJ L 120/5. Oslo Principles in EU and Austrian climate change law …”

Oliver C Ruppel South Africa: Climate change, responsibility and liability – the legal system, public and private law considerations S. 201-278

„… Envi-ronmental Law Lecturers from African Universities in cooperation with the Climate Policy and Energy Security …” „… Customary law or indigenous law is the generic term used to denote the laws of the indigenous African …” „… of missionaries, anthropologists and lawyers, whose first interest was to force African customary law …”

Jaap Spier From blabla to concrete obligations: The Oslo Principles and the Principles on Climate Obligations of Enterprises S. 133-160

„… .law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/non-us-case-documents/2017/20170202_W109-2000179-1291E_decision-2.pdf> accessed 9 November 2021 …” „… ’ (IEA 8 November 2021) energy-subsidies> accessed 8 November 2021. Lawson R, ‘Het …” „… .law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/non-us-case-documents/2017/20170202_W109-2000179-1291E_decision-2.pdf> accessed 9 November 2021 …”

Mareike Rumpf Climate change litigation and the private sector – assessing the liability risk for multinational corporations and the way forward for strategic litigation S. 441-490

„… categories identified are national private law, supply chain liability laws, and cases invoking …” „… the GHG emissions were law-ful.127 The latter question was unproblematic as the relevant norm does not …” „… ’ (2019) 663 law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16 …”

Julia Wallner The first Austrian climate lawsuit S. 361-380

„… climate lawsuit 367 reasonable (‘no reasonable diversion’).40 In its case law, the Constitutional Court …” „… . 94 For climate lawsuits based on tort law, see the contribution by Monika Hinteregger to this volume …” „… their right to equality before the law (Article 7 B-VG, Article 2 StGG, Article 20 CRF). In the …”

Oliver Dörr State responsibility for climate change under EU and German law S. 299-312

„… 299 State responsibility for climate change under EU and German law* Oliver Dörr Abstract This …” „… article compares state responsibility for climate change under EU law and Ger-man law and thereby adopts a …” „… as judicial remedies to enforce state cli-mate protection measures. EU law provides for the …”

Erika Wagner Legal standing in climate-related lawsuits S. 415-440

„… ____________________ Giedré Kaminskaité-Salters, Constructing a private change lawsuit under English law: A comparative …” „… 2.3.3 Models for class-action lawsuits in environmental law at the beginning of the 1990s (de lege …” „… class-action lawsuits in matters concerning environmental protection law.18 Some of the proposed concepts would …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… : Crosscutting issues Climate change, public interest litigation and the development of renewable energy law in …” „… policies: ‘Climate change, public interest litiga-tion and the development of renewable energy law in China …” „… Austrian climate lawsuit 361 Julia Wallner C. Private law and climate litigation Climate change and tort …”

Karl W Steininger Foreseeability of economic damages related to inadequate climate mitigation and adaptation S. 93-102

„… essential step in the causal chain?’ (2018) Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law Energy & Natural Resources Law, 265-298 law are unconstitutional, as the law was not stringent enough on …”

Michael Hanemann The cost of carbon: Economic approaches to damage evaluation S. 75-92

„… ecologists have recommended using units of energy as the metric for measuring value, e.g., Howard T Odum …” „… , Environmental account-ing: energy and environmental decision-making (John Wiley 1996). This rejects the premise …” „… agencies, to the extent permitted by law, to ‘propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned …”

Monika Hinteregger Climate change and tort law S. 383-414

„… laws.org> accessed 24 August 2021. Monika Hinteregger 384 basis of tort law. In 2007 the State of …” „… , often originally in-spired by German law, are provided in the civil codes (i.e., laws of the …” „… common law countries the corresponding remedy is the ac-tion of private nuisance.29 Both the laws of the …”

Julia Pleiel, Kirsten Schmalenbach Climate change responsibility and liability in international law S. 105-132

„… , Comparative and International Environmental Law 142, 146. 41 Peter Lawrence and Daryl Wong, ‘Soft law in the …” „… basis for these lawsuits is national law, courts use international environmen-tal law as a means of …” „… of bindingness Jutta Brunnée, ‘Coping with consent: Law-making under multi-lateral environmental …”

Daniel Ennöckl, Judith Fitz Climate change litigation in Germany and Austria – an overview S. 281-298

„… private climate change lawsuit under English law (Kluwer Law & Business 2010) 159ff; Pöttker (n 40) 49 …” „… challenge a law, this represents a hurdle to climate change lawsuits which is almost insurmountable.52 In …” „… protection. Recently, fundamental concerns have been expressed about climate action law-suits. The ‘idea that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930990

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