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Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Michel Erpelding - The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, 1919–1939

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Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed.), Michel Erpelding (ed.)

The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, 1919–1939

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 25 2023

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Michel Erpelding, Hélène Ruiz Fabri Introduction: International Adjudication and the Legacy of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals S. 9-26

„… International Adjudication and the Legacy of the Mixed Arbitral TribunalsMichel Erpelding* and …” „… Hélène Ruiz Fabri **Creating a system of Mixed Arbitral Tribunals (MATs) was a major contribution of the …” „… ), Caribbean Court of Justice), regional integration courts, or the situation of investment arbitral tribunals …”

Michel Erpelding Appendix: Alphabetical List of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals and their Members S. 547-581

„… Alphabetical List of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals and their MembersTranslated and edited by Michel …” „… Arbitral Tribunal With Exchange of Notes (London, 26 July 1932) Cmd. 4160, Treaty Series No. 126 (1932). It …” „… .Appendix: Alphabetical List of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals and their Members548Section IPresidents: Eugène …”

Michel Erpelding, Jakob Zollmann Epilogue: The Early and the Long End of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, 1920-1939 S. 529-546

„… legally trained, were employed for this task.13Phasing Out the Mixed Arbitral TribunalsThe political …” „… The Early and the Long End of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, 1920-1939Michel Erpelding* and Jakob …” „… establishment of Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, many aspects of these institutions remain elusive. One such aspect is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Adjudication and the Legacy of the Mixed Arbitral TribunalsIntroduction:9Michel Erpelding and Hélène Ruiz …” „… Nascent Legacy of the Mixed Arbitral TribunalsChapter 12:409Jarrod HepburnSomething Old, Something New …” „… An Experiment in the International Adjudication of Private RightsThe Mixed Arbitral Tribunals …”

Part V. Arbitral Awards as Sources of International Law: Assessing the Impact of the MATs’ Case Law S. 381-524

„… Nascent Legacy of the Mixed Arbitral TribunalsJarrod Hepburn*IntroductionThe advent of investment treaty …” „… LawThe Contribution of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals to the Law of TreatiesGuillaume Guez Maillard *When …” „… Arbitral Tribunals, gave the following answer: ‘I consider that one of the facts whose influence will be …”

Part II. Identifying Rights-Holders: Post-World War I Arbitration and the Nationality of Private Persons S. 111-242

„… Mixed Arbitral TribunalsEurope’s new political order after World War I created by the Paris peace …” „… Romano-Austrian Mixed Arbitral TribunalsThe treaties concluding the First World War left no doubt that questions …” „… PersonsNationality, Property, and the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals, 1914 to c1930Jakob Zollmann*For Dieter Gosewinkel on …”

Burkard Hess Concluding Remarks S. 525-528

„… referring to its title: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals: an International Experiment in the Adjudication of …” „… issues:(1) The innovative nature of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals: many speakers and discussion …” „… international level before the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals. This is certainly true. However, state agents were …”

Part III. Arbitrators as Peacemakers: The Case of Professor Paul Moriaud S. 243-306

„… l’arbitrage : L’homme, les réseaux, les idéesPascal Plas*Paul Moriaud, président du Tribunal arbitral mixte …” „… Genève du Tribunal arbitral mixte germano-belge où il avait alors (en 1924) à régler l’importante affaire …” „… elle jouera par la suite un rôle dans le choix de Paul Moriaud comme président de Tribunal arbitral …”

Part I. A New Form of International Adjudication? The MATs in Context S. 27-110

„… Consular Courts through Mixed Arbitral Tribunals to International Commercial CourtsWillem …” „… Theus*IntroductionThis chapter aims to contextualise the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals (MATs), established by the Peace …” „… Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of 1919-1922’ in Michel Erpelding, Burkhard Hess and …”

Part IV. The Promises and Limitations of ‘Peace Through Law’: MATs and the International Adjudication of ‘Mega-Politics’ S. 307-380

„… Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, one of 17 MATs domiciled at the Hôtel Matignon, which at that time was …” „… against the Reich in the case now examined by the German-Belgian Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.Although he was …” „… its eyes on the German-Belgian Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.25 ibid.26 ibid.27 Arnaud Charon, ‘Les …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748939719

Alexander Proelß - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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. Constitution of special arbitral tribunal S. 2503-2506

„… . Article 3 Constitution of special arbitral tribunal For the purpose of proceedings under this Annex, the …” „… special arbitral tribunal shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be constituted as follows: (a …” „… ) Subject to subparagraph (g), the special arbitral tribunal shall consist of five members. (b) The party …”

ANNEX VII ARBITRATION S. 2466-2492

„… that such arbitrator shall continue to serve on any arbitral tribunal to which that arbitrator has been …” „… appointed until the completion of the proceedings before that arbitral tribunal. Cases: PCA, The ARA …” „… arbitrator ‘shall continue to serve on any arbitral tribunal to which that arbitrator has been appointed …”

. Provisional measures S. 1867-1879

„… concerning delimitation of maritime areas the arbitral tribunals have appointed, with the agreement of the …” „… measures. 5. Pending the constitution of an arbitral tribunal to which a dispute is being submitted under …” „… of an Arbitral Tribunal, Studi di diritto internazionale in onore di Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz (2004 …”

. General provisions S. 2506-2509

„… between the constituent powers and procedures of an Annex VII tribunal and an Annex VIII special arbitral …” „… regard to Annex VII proceedings ( Annex VII Art. 3 (e)). Most significantly, a special arbitral tribunal …” „… vessels and by dumping, may at any time agree to request a special arbitral tribunal constituted in …”

. Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration S. 1262-1267

„… arbitral tribunal to which the dispute is submitted shall have no jurisdiction to decide any question of …” „… arbitration, the arbitral tribunal determines, either at the request of any party to the dispute or proprio …” „… motu, that its decision depends upon a ruling of the Seabed Disputes Chamber, the arbitral tribunal …”

. Choice of procedure S. 1850-1858

„… International Court of Justice; (c) an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII; (d) a special …” „… arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII for one or more of the categories of disputes …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. ‘an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII …”

. Applicable law S. 1894-1897

„… other compulsory dispute settlement bodies: a permanent ITLOS and two ad hoc arbitral tribunals, with …” „… functioning of ITLOS and the arbitral tribunals. Two sets of concurrent jurisdictions can be identified: (i …” „… arbitral tribunals have also sought support from other international law rules not envisaged by the …”

. Experts S. 1864-1867

„… International Court of Justice (ICJ) and in arbitral tribunals of general competence and whose expertise …” „… the ICJ as far as they are compatible with Art. 289. Arbitral tribunals under Article VII may provide …” „… concerning delimitation of maritime areas the arbitral tribunals have appointed, with the agreement of the …”

. Application of procedures under this section S. 1845-1850

„… concerned sovereignty over land features and consequently was not covered by the arbitral Tribunal’s …” „… arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII; (d) a special arbitral tribunal constituted in …” „… 1, be submitted at the request of any party to the dispute to the court or tribunal having …”

. Lists of experts S. 2499-2503

„… arbitral tribunal to which that expert has been appointed until the completion of the proceedings before …” „… that special arbitral tribunal. Bibliography: David Anderson, Scientific Evidence in Cases under Part …” „… resignations or retirements as necessary. Article 3 Constitution of special arbitral tribunal For the purpose …”

. Settlement of disputes S. 2545-2551

„… Tribunal: Ireland Condemned for Bringing the MOX Plant Dispute before an Arbitral Tribunal. Grand Chamber …” „… Arbitral Tribunal to Suspend Proceedings in the Case of the MOX Plant at Sellafield: How much …” „… arbitral tribunals.24 The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice decided in 2006 that this not only …”

. Fact finding S. 2509-2513

„… from vessels and by dumping, may at any time agree to request a special arbitral tribunal constituted …” „… arbitral tribunal acting in accordance with paragraph 1, shall be considered as conclusive as between the …” „… parties. 3. If all the parties to the dispute so request, the special arbitral tribunal may formulate …”

. Institution of proceedings S. 2492-2499

„… arbitral tribunal as an option for States to settle disputes engaging fisheries, marine environmental …” „… with any other international arbitral body, an Annex VIII tribunal may deliver a binding award on the …” „… process if a resultant special arbitral tribunal is only empowered to deal partially with the dispute in …”

. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 652-667

„… . Australia) (pending); Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the Second Stage – Maritime Delimitation (Eritrea v …” „… Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitration, the Arbitral Tribunal took the equidistance/relevant circumstances …” „… departure from the previous jurisprudence is only partial.56 The arbitral tribunal, in the 2007 …”

. Low-tide elevations S. 132-148

„… Reports (2012), 624; PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the First Stage – Territorial Sovereignty and …” „… e71.html?pag_id=1160; PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the Second Stage – Maritime …” „… area.11 para. 331, available at: https://www.pcacases.com/web/view/7, where the arbitral tribunal …”

. Relation to other conventions and international agreements S. 2010-2020

„… Secretary General, UN Doc. A/39/583 (1984) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal established by Agreement of 23 October …” „… arbitral tribunal would need to take into consideration the regional treaty and its relationship to the …” „… Case, the arbitral tribunal came to a different conclusion. Yet, it did so on the basis of Art. 281 (1 …”

. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 564-584

„… of 14 June 1993, ICJ Reports (1993), 38; PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the Second Stage …” „… Arbitration, the Arbitral Tribunal took the equidistance/relevant circumstances approach in the operation of …” „… .87 In the 2007 Guyana/Suriname Arbitration, the Arbitral Tribunal applied the equidistance/relevant …”

. Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the parties S. 1818-1821

„… adjacent States of Guyana and Suriname, an Annex VII arbitral tribunal upheld Guyana’s claim that the …” „… arbitral tribunal under Annex VII to the Convention held that Art. 16 of the Convention for the …” „… compulsory procedures of Part XV.13 If the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII …”

. Jurisdiction S. 1858-1864

„… arbitral tribunal referred to in Part XI, section 5, shall have jurisdiction in any matter which is …” „… Zealand and Australia against Japan in 1999, and concluded by an award in which the arbitral tribunal …” „… International Court of Justice (ICJ) and in arbitral tribunals of general competence and whose expertise …”

. Finality and binding force of decisions S. 1905-1908

„… in respect of that particular case’; it also provided that the award of an arbitral tribunal ‘shall …” „… ‘arbitral tribunals’ as well as to abolish distinction relative to the more limited character of arbitral …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 1. ‘Any decision rendered by a court or tribunal having jurisdiction …”

ANNEX V CONCILIATION S. 2312-2335

„… ), the remaining members of the conciliation commission (or the arbitral tribunal) – or the Chairman of …” „… para 5). The ITLOS issues provisional measures when the arbitral tribunal has not been constituted yet …” „… arbitral tribunal with arbitrators of their choice and pay necessary expenses. 2. ‘borne by the parties’ 4 …”

. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 150-168

„… Channel (Argentina v. Chile), Award of 18 February 1977, RIAA XXI, 53; PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal …” „… the Arbitral Tribunal in the Second Stage – Maritime Delimitation (Eritrea v. Yemen), Award of 17 …” „… where a single maritime boundary was in issue, and the arbitral tribunal was concerned with delimiting …”

. Exhaustion of local remedies S. 1901-1905

„… in respect of that particular case’; it also provided that the award of an arbitral tribunal ‘shall …” „… ‘arbitral tribunals’ as well as to abolish distinction relative to the more limited character of arbitral …” „… release) the respondent was unsuccessful in arguing before the International Tribunal for the Law of the …”

. Combination of methods for determining baselines S. 148-150

„… decisions of the ICJ and arbitral tribunals have discussed whether LTEs may be appropriated;114 or used as …” „… respective statuses of which were ruled on by the arbitral Tribunal115. In 2014 the Philippines published …” „… Philippines asked the arbitral Tribunal to declare that such formations as Mischief Reef were at best mere …”

. Limitation on jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Authority S. 1267-1272

„… , the arbitral tribunal shall refer such question to the Seabed Disputes Chamber’ 19 This provision …” „… the possibility of a dispute submitted to an arbitral tribunal touching on issues that are within the …” „… the Functioning of the European Union. The paucity of arbitral practice in this respect makes it …”

. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 S. 1920-1934

„… either of an Annex VII arbitral tribunal only, leaving on foot the jurisdiction of the International …” „… disputes in Art. 298 (1)(a), of which one has excluded the jurisdiction of an Annex VII arbitral tribunal …” „… attempt to seek a recognition by the Arbitral Tribunal that the relevant maritime areas are part of the …”

. Access S. 1879-1882

„… arbitral tribunal, although deciding that it lacked jurisdiction, and that it had consequently to revoke …” „… substantive content, to the ‘award on agreed terms’ of the Annex VII arbitral tribunal.75 Article 291 Access 1 …” „… Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Some Issues, in: P. Chandrasekhara Rao/ Rahmatullah Khan (eds.), The …”

. Obligation to exchange views S. 1831-1839

„… (para. 10). See also the reasoning of the arbitral tribunal in PCA, Chagos Marine Protected Area …” „… Suriname, the arbitral tribunal rejected a Surinamese argument that it had no jurisdiction to decide …” „… addition to rehearsing much of the previous jurisprudence already discussed above, the arbitral tribunal …”

. Advisory opinions S. 1275-1278

„… , Appeal from a Judgment of the Hungaro/ Czechoslovak Mixed Arbitral Tribunal (the Peter Pázmány …” „… . See, for example PCIJ, Appeal from a Judgment of the Hungaro/Czechoslovak Mixed Arbitral Tribunal (the …” „… , EnvtlPolyL 41 (2011), 60–65; Tafsir Malick Ndiaye, The Advisory Function of the International Tribunal for …”

Index S. 2554-2619

„… VII 10 1 et seq., see also Award by the arbitral tribunal – constitution of arbitral tribunal Annex …” „… tribunal – default of appearance Annex VII 9 1 et seq., see also Default of appearance before the arbitral …” „… . – functions of arbitral tribunal Annex VII 4 1 – institution of proceedings Annex VII 1 et seq., see also …”

. Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means S. 1814-1818

„… , Mauritius sought from an arbitral tribunal formed under Annex VII a declaration that the UK was not the …” „… arbitral tribunal upheld Guyana’s claim that the expulsion by a Surinamese naval vessel of an oil rig and …” „… is positively opposed by the other’.11 This was approved by the International Tribunal for the Law of …”

. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 419-438

„… the Sea (1989) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Case Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of St. Lawrence …” „… , available at: http://www.pcacases.com/pcadocs/PH-CN%20-%2020160712%20-%20Award.pdf, the Arbitral Tribunal …” „… debate as to what activities are covered by these provisions. In this respect, while an Arbitral Tribunal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-LII

„… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2467 Article 3. Constitution of arbitral tribunal …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2470 Article 4. Functions of arbitral tribunal …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2498 Article 3. Constitution of special arbitral tribunal …”

. Disclosure of information S. 1948-1951

„… Justice (ICJ) as well as Annex VII arbitral tribunals and special arbitration panels foreseen under Annex …” „… International Court of Justice (ICJ) as well as arbitral tribunals. Where the ICJ is deemed to be the competent …” „… from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS, Annex VI) to the International Court of …”

. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties S. 1821-1826

„… Bluefin Tuna Arbitral Tribunal Did Get It Right: A Commentary and Reply to the Article by David A. Colson …” „… Barbara Kwiatkowska, The Southern Bluefin Tuna Arbitral Tribunal Did Get It Right: A Commentary and Reply …” „… a Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, whose Statute forms Annex VI …”

. Settlement of disputes S. 1758-1762

„… arbitral tribunal and a special arbitral tribunal. The dispute settlement relating to MSR was explicitly …” „… Disputes before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: A Progressive Development of …” „… include: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Court of Justice, an …”

ANNEX VI STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA S. 2335-2466

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm ANNEX VI STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE …” „… SEA Article 1 General provisions 1. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is constituted …” „… of the Tribunal shall be in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in the Federal Republic of Germany …”

. Meaning of passage S. 182-187

„… ), Judgment of 27 June 1986, ICJ Reports (1986), 14; International Arbitral Tribunal, Libyan Arab Foreign …” „… ), vol. II, 117, 134. 24 International Arbitral Tribunal, Libyan Arab Foreign Investment Company (LAFICO …” „… Investment Company (LAFICO) v. Republic of Burundi, Arbitral Award 4 March 1991, ILR 96 (1994), 279 Contents …”

. Ports S. 120-129

„… of 19 October 1981, ILR 91, 543, 661, the arbitral tribunal stressed that ‘outermost permanent …” „… 1044 (1959) Cases: Dubai/Sharjah Border Arbitration, Arbitral Award of 19 October 1981, ILR 91, 543 …” „… Law of the Sea, Sofia Conference (2012), 26. In the Dubai/Sharjah Border Arbitration, Arbitral Award …”

. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables S. 383-390

„… Archipelagic States (1992) Cases: PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the second stage of the proceedings …” „… Conference of the Law of the Sea Institute (1977), 283, 284. 31 PCA, Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the …” „… predating UNCLOS. Hence the tribunal’s reluctance to regard an implementing agreement as incompatible. 23 …”

. Preliminary proceedings S. 1897-1901

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 3. ‘not prejudice the power of the court or tribunal having jurisdiction …” „… ‘a court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this section shall apply this Convention and other …” „… ITLOS have resolved a case under this rule. Article 294 Preliminary proceedings 1. A court or tribunal …”

. Participation and appearance of sponsoring States Parties in proceedings S. 1272-1275

„… , Appeal from a Judgment of the Hungaro/ Czechoslovak Mixed Arbitral Tribunal (the Peter Pázmány …” „… features of the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), namely the potential participation in …” „… possibility of allowing State Parties’ nationals to bring complaints before the Tribunal was first mooted in …”

. Conservation of the living resources S. 481-494

„… : http://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/ cases/case_no_17/adv_op_010211.pdf; PCA (Arbitral Tribunal Constituted under Annex VII UNCLOS …” „… North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Case, the arbitral tribunal held that ‘Great Britain, as the local …” „… to Mauritian independence.36 The Arbitral Tribunal elaborated that having ‘due regard’ entails …”

. Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources S. 818-831

„… measures already adopted remain obligatory pending the arbitral decision, unless the tribunal decides …” „… necessary conservation measures. The Annex VII arbitral tribunal established to hear the cases declined …” „… Arbitration.5 In that case, the British argued, and the Tribunal accepted, that conservation measures relating …”

. Archipelagic baselines S. 353-375

„… was recently alluded to by the arbitral Tribunal in the Philippines v. China South China Sea …” „… Arbitration, the arbitral Tribunal had to consider whether China’s statements in its Position Paper of …” „… the recent Philippines v. China South China Sea Arbitration, the arbitral Tribunal stated that in the …”

. Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution S. 1357-1365

„… Nations Conference on the Human Environment, UN Doc. A/CONF.48/14/REV. 1 (1973) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal …” „… environment’. 33 Arbitral Tribunal Constituted under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of …” „… ), Provisional Measures, Order of 27 August 1999, ITLOS Reports (1999), 280; Trail Smelter Arbitration Tribunal …”

. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone S. 438-445

„… International Law of the Sea: Committee Report, 2012, 385–428 Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Delimitation of the …” „… ), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Evensen, 287 (para. 9). 35 Arbitral Tribunal, Delimitation of the Maritime Areas …” „… , Case Concerning the Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea- Bissau v. Senegal), ICJ Reports (1991), 53 …”

. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure S. 1934-1938

„… of the arbitral tribunal formed under Annex VII to hear the Philippine claims against it concerning …” „… tribunal that decided the Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration about suggestions that courts and …” „… tribunals acting under Part XV of the Convention should interpret Art. 297 (3) restrictively so as to …”

. Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it S. 507-514

„… : https://www.itlos.org/en/cases/list-of-cases/case-no-21/; PCA (Arbitral Tribunal Constituted Under Annex VII UNCLOS), Atlanto-Scandian Herring …” „… Islands and the European Union of 21 August 2014, WT/DS469/3; PCA (Arbitral Tribunal Constituted under …” „… prepared to modify their original positions.’4 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS …”

. Good faith and abuse of rights S. 1938-1944

„… Courts and Tribunals (1953); Georg Dahm/Jost Delbrück/Rüdiger Wolfrum, Völkerrecht, vol. I/3 (2nd edn …” „… as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals (1953), 105; Robert Kolb, Principles as Sources of …” „… this century in the Arbitral Award of 7 September 1910 in the North Atlantic Fisheries case (United …”

. Responsibility and liability S. 2541-2545

„… noteworthy that in this complex case involving several international tribunals (namely an OSPAR Arbitral …” „… Tribunal. The different names are used according to the time period considered, unless the reference …” „… Tribunal, the ITLOS and an Annex VII UNCLOS Tribunal, where it is commonly referred to as the MOX Plant …”

. Conciliation S. 1839-1842

„… addition to rehearsing much of the previous jurisprudence already discussed above, the arbitral tribunal …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 20 The Annex VII tribunal that heard the Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary …” „… , vol. V (1989) Documents: ITLOS, Rules of the Tribunal, ITLOS Doc. ITLOS/8 (2009) Cases: ITLOS, Request …”

. Utilization of the living resources S. 494-507

„… Filleting within the Gulf of Lawrence, the arbitral tribunal held that ‘the right for a State to determine …” „… States powers are not unlimited. As noted by the arbitral tribunal in the Dispute Concerning Filleting in …” „… control over the ships flying its flag.’15 In that case, the tribunal refused to look beyond the fact of …”

. Preferential treatment for developing States S. 1353-1357

„… Environment, UN Doc. A/CONF.48/14/REV. 1 (1973) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal Constituted under Annex VII of the …” „… reference to the protection and preservation of the marine environment. However, international tribunals …” „… and control of pollution was interpreted by the tribunal to include harmonization of policies related …”

. Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber S. 1255-1262

„… Justice or an arbitral tribunal, in cases where both parties had submitted declarations providing for such …” „… Disputes Chamber. Of note is the fact that the tribunal referred to in Art. 168 (3) is not identical with …” „… /); the ISA said in 2000: ‘[…] it is clear that article 168, paragraph 3, envisages the use of a tribunal …”

. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 238-242

„… Arbitral Tribunal in The David (1933).11 Here the tribunal held that the arrest of a foreign ship in …” „… by International Courts and Tribunals (1987), 105–160. 37 Cour de Cassation, M/C ‘Ruby’ Case, No …”

. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone S. 409-419

„… . I) (1992), 9 (Agenda 21) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Dispute Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of …” „… Arbitral Tribunal stated that it considered itself ‘autorisé à considérer qu’entre les Parties les …” „… definition of the exclusive economic zone and, in the Tribunal’s view, adds nothing to the scope of the …”

. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf S. 375-377

„… example, an arbitral tribunal in discussing four of Trinidad and Tobago’s ‘turning points or points’ on …”

. Responsibility and liability S. 1750-1758

„… recent Advisory Opinion by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) Seabed Disputes …” „… , then this is likely to remain so until judicial or arbitral bodies are given an opportunity to …” „… established.’38 In applying this (still fairly general) provision, international jurisprudence and arbitral …”

. Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil S. 377-380

„… example, an arbitral tribunal in discussing four of Trinidad and Tobago’s ‘turning points or points’ on …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… arbitral tribunal on the ground that Guyana’s claims related to a dispute concerning its enforcement of its …” „… later to become Art. 294, whereby a court or tribunal to which an application is made in a relevant …” „… tribunals to interpret this phrase in a restrictive fashion. In the first, an arbitration between Guyana and …”

. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2533-2541

„… noteworthy that in this complex case involving several international tribunals (namely an OSPAR Arbitral …” „… obligations under its constituent treaties has been confirmed to exist by any international court or tribunal …” „… highlighted and cited in full by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in its Advisory Opinion of …”

. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 667-671

„… Arbitral Tribunal ruled that the exchange of letters on 26 April 1960 between France and Portugal …”

. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipelagic State relating to archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 405-409

„… . I) (1992), 9 (Agenda 21) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Dispute Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of …”

. Marine mammals S. 520-528

„… the legality of pelagic sealing beyond the territorial sea.12 The arbitral tribunal recognised the …” „… jurisdiction over the fur seals in the Bering Sea outside its territorial waters. The tribunal thus adopted a …”

. Declarations and Statements S. 2002-2010

„… ) Cases: Arbitral Tribunal established by Agreement of 23 October 1985, Dispute Concerning Filleting in …” „… the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention: Did the Southern Bluefin Tuna Tribunal Get It Right?, ODIL 35 …”

. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1296-1316

„… of administrative control’.58 This jurisprudence was adopted by the Arbitral Tribunal in the South …” „… Tribunal, Trail Smelter Case (US v. Canada), Award of 16 April 1938 and Award of 11 March 1941, RIAA III …” „… part of the necessary measures of protection. As the Tribunal in the Chagos Case stated in 2015 and …”

. Regime of islands S. 859-882

„… 2016 of the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII UNCLOS in the South China Sea Arbitration …” „… and tribunals from declaring all three paragraphs of Art. 121 and not just the well-established …” „… subject of in-depth consideration and analysis by international courts and tribunals. Its provisions have …”

. Bays S. 106-120

„… . See now approval of these rules by the Arbitral Tribunal South China Sea Arbitration (note 101). 110 …” „… Tribunal recalled the 1962 UN Secretariat Memorandum on Historic Waters and affirmed that ‘historic waters …” „… Arbitration, Arbitral Award of 19 October 1981, ILR 91, 543; ICJ, Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v. Norway …”

. Use of terms and scope S. 18-28

„… Environment (3rd edn. 2009), 388. The Arbitral Tribunal in the Indus Waters Kinshenganga Arbitration stated …” „… by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in its …”

. Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction S. 1392-1401

„… requirement, an arbitral tribunal addressed the issue about the content of the obligation to ‘endeavor to …” „… . According to the tribunal, this obligation only encompasses the duty to use the best effort. Moreover, it …”

. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 445-459

„… %20-%2020160712%20-%20Award.pdf, the Arbitral Tribunal stressed the limited scope of the rights of other States by …” „… The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has accepted in its case-law that fisheries …” „… international courts or tribunals. 17 Examples of internationally lawful uses of the sea related to the freedoms …”

ANNEX II COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF S. 2068-2114

„… , negotiate any differences with that State and refer to a body styled the ‘Tribunal’ for adjudication …” „… this reason, such as a former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, who …” „… International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea judges, although the parallel is inexact because, unlike these …”

. Pollution from land-based sources S. 1379-1392

„… capacity. Within this context, in the Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration, the arbitral tribunal …” „… , the tribunal concluded that Art. 194 (1) has a prospective character. Thus, it does not require that …” „… occur after the establishment of marine environmental protection measures. The tribunal added that in …”

. Ice-covered areas S. 1567-1586

„… .), Law of the Sea, From Grotius to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Liber Amicorum …” „… interesting to note that the Tribunal in the Arctic Sunrise Arbitration stated that ‘[t]here is evendence …” „… before the Tribunal that indicates that the regulations adopted by Russia in accordance with Arcticle 234 …”

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

„… the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has noted the importance of this change of …” „… exploration and exploitation only. Although the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the …” „… International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.25 The Authority exercises control over activities in the Area for …”

. Contiguous zone S. 255-273

„… arbitral award in the Wanderer case is a perfect reflection of the Anglo-American position on the issue …” „… contiguous zone in support of its actions, the Tribunal has not made a decision about that question.’ He …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258874

- The Complete (but Unofficial) Guide to the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot

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Jörg Risse

The Complete (but Unofficial) Guide to the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

Results in this title

How to Present Your Case Before the Arbitral Tribunal S. 90-131

„… the Arbitral Tribunal’sattention to a different issue:“I am happy to answer that question but we must …” „… ArbitralTribunalThis chapter goes to the heart of the Moot: The Oral Pleadings.1. The Setting of the Oral PleadingsThis …” „… Rules.V. How to Present Your Case Before the Arbitral Tribunal76Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …”

Views from Around the World S. 164-217

„… the same case.Under the Arbitration Law, an arbitral tribunal (or one or morearbitrators appointed by …” „… the arbitral tribunal) may attempt to settlethe civil dispute subject to the arbitral proceedings, if …” „… byauthorizing, for example, arbitral tribunals to involve third parties tothe proceedings on their own …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-15

„… : 141.00mm 224.00mmbefore a court or an arbitral tribunal. The student in the Moot is notattempting to …” „… to Present Your Case before the Arbitral Tribunal –Chapter VI– Seven Days in Vienna and Hong Kong …” „… : Create Images in Your Readers’ Minds ..... 71V. How to Present Your Case Before the Arbitral Tribunal …”

The Vis Moot: Facts and Figures S. 20-33

„… arguments orally infront of an arbitral tribunal in Vienna or Hong Kong. Thus, theyimprove their …” „… Moot Problem, in Procedural OrderNo. 1, the arbitral tribunal sets out the procedural guidelines …” „… (UNCITRAL Model Law). The UNCI-TRAL Model Law is thus the law governing the arbitral procedure.The case is …”

How to Write Effective Memoranda S. 52-89

„… information about thedispute to be arbitrated, cf. Article 5 ICC Rules.Once the arbitral tribunal is …” „… evidence and to summarize their arguments. A further three months later, the arbitral tribunal will …” „… rare case of an unfortunate outcome, you betterwrite “The Arbitral Tribunal was not convinced by the …”

Seven Days in Vienna and/or Hong Kong S. 132-159

„… , speaking in front of the arbitral tribunal is not agiven. Some teams decide to send only their “best horses …” „… get thechance to argue in front of the arbitral tribunal. If you participateboth in Vienna and in Hong …” „… inquire if Respondent concedesthat the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction to hear the case so theparties …”

The Vis Moot: A Lifetime Experience S. 16-19

„… you present your case infront of the Arbitral Tribunal. But some “cast members” of yourMoot problem …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259161

Johanna Braun - Host State Circumstances and Absolute Standards of Protection in International Investment Law

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Johanna Braun

Host State Circumstances and Absolute Standards of Protection in International Investment Law

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 46 2022

Results in this title

II. Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard S. 105-163

„… Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Fair and Equitable Treatment StandardWith the normative …” „… ’361 of FET violations. This has in turn found support in arbitral practice with several tribunals …” „… (Jurisdiction and Liability) (n 200) para 257; Novenergia v Spain (Award) (n 49) para 646.II. Arbitral Tribunals …”

II. Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Full Protection and Security Standard S. 195-219

„… Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Full Protection and Security StandardWhile the normative …” „… (Partial Award) (n 72) para 483.II. Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Full Protection and Security …” „… on Climate Change: A Defence’ (2018) 27 Rev Eur Comp & Int’l Envtl L 130, 131.II. Arbitral Tribunals …”

I. Consideration of Host State Circumstances S. 43-49

„… State circumstances.Circumstances Considered by Arbitral TribunalsAccordingly, host State circumstances …” „… have played a role in past arbitral decisions. So far, tribunals have considered different kinds of …” „… Considered by Arbitral Tribunals47the method of indexing the FIT was changed47. Finally, a Specific Regime …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… International Investment LawA.43Circumstances Considered by Arbitral TribunalsB. 46Economic Circumstances1. 46 …” „… . 103Table of Contents12Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Fair and Equitable Treatment …” „… International Courts & TribunalsLDR Law and Development ReviewLJIL Leiden Journal of International LawManchester …”

II. Possible Explanation for These Results S. 224-232

„… . Accordingly, neither arbitral tribunals nor investment law scholars have attempted to do so.II. Possible …” „… scholars and tribunals.b)1114 Schreuer, ‘Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET): Interactions with Other …” „… most scholars and tribunals, FET and FPS are two distinct standards.1100 This assessment is based …”

I. Normative Foundations of the Full Protection and Security Standard S. 165-194

„… standard enables or requires arbitral tribunals to take into account host States’ circumstances the …” „… security.878Arbitral tribunals and scholars seem to agree that this customary FPS standard includes the …” „… whether the normative foundations of a typical FPS clause indicate that arbitral tribunals should or could …”

II. Suitable Stages in Investor-State Arbitral Proceedings to Consider Host State Circumstances S. 50-63

„… Stages in Investor-State Arbitral Proceedings52tribunals and investment law scholars.75 Thus, some …” „… arbitral tribunals have conflated the two,107 it is important to clarify that treaty exceptions and …” „… Suitable Stages in Investor-State Arbitral Proceedings to Consider Host State CircumstancesArbitral …”

I. Normative Foundations of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard S. 67-104

„… whether the FET standard enables or requires arbitral tribunals to take into account host States …” „… such but to assess whether its ordinary meaning enables or even obliges arbitral tribunals to take into …” „… the fairness discourse was applied to the FET standard,161 arbitral tribunals would have to consider …”

Table of Cases S. 17-30

„… Claims TribunalKhosrowshahi v Islamic Republic of Iran, 30 Iran-U.S. Cl. Trib. Rep. 76 (1994)Phelps Dodge …” „… Iran-U.S. Cl. Trib. Rep. 3 (1986)International Tribunal for the Law of the SeaResponsibilities and …” „… Obchodni Banka, AS v The Slovak Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/97/4, Decision of the Tribunal on Objections to …”

Part 1. Introduction S. 39-42

„… of investment treaties’.17 Critics claim that arbitral tribunals have interpreted them in an ‘overly …” „… arbitral proceedings against their host States.6 This has attracted the attention of lawyers, scholars and …” „… Arbitration in Connection with the Introduction of a Permanent Investment Tribunal or an Appeal Mechanism …”

III. Theses in Summary S. 233-234

„… ’ considerations in the existing arbitral decisions. 4. Tribunals can refer to the conditions in the host State …” „… development.3. In theory, it would be possible for tribunals to take into account circumstances at the …” „… jurisdictional stage. However, the opportunities are limited and there is no real proof of tribunals …”

III. Conclusion and Scope S. 64-65

„… taken into account at various stages of typical arbitral proceedings.With the exception of circumstances …” „… precluding wrongfulness, the merits stage has not yet been addressed even though tribunals usually spend …” „… question whether these standards allow or even require tribunals to take into account the circumstances …”

Bibliography S. 235-249

„… Garcia Dominguez MD, ‘Calculating Damages in Investment Arbitration: Should Tribunals Take Country Risk …” „… Kaufmann-Kohler G, ‘In Search of Transparency and Consistency: ICSID Reform Proposal’ (2005) 2 TDM 1——, ‘Arbitral …” „… Investment Tribunal or an Appeal Mechanism?’

doi.org/10.5771/9783748932796

Michel Erpelding, Burkhard Hess, Hélène Ruiz Fabri - Peace Through Law

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Michel Erpelding (ed.), Burkhard Hess (ed.), Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed.)

Peace Through Law

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 16 2019

Results in this title

Michel Erpelding Chapter 12 Local International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia S. 277-322

„… Local International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for …” „… an ‘Arbitral Tribunal’, were to supervise the application of these measures.13 The Conference of …” „… organs that were based in Upper Silesia itself, namely a Mixed Commission and an Arbitral Tribunal22, the …”

Marta Requejo Isidro, Burkhard Hess Chapter 11 International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of 1919–1922 S. 239-276

„… International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of …” „… 241 The Establishment of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals The Pertinent Provisions in the Peace Treaties …” „… Mixed Arbitral Tribunals (Articles 304 VPT, 256 TPSG, 187 TPN, 239 TPT). The pertinent provision …”

Herbert Kronke Chapter 7 The Role of Private International Law: UNIDROIT and the Geneva Conventions on Arbitration S. 183-192

„… Arbitral Tribunal as well as the Permanent German–Italian and German–Norwegian Arbitral Commissions, had a …” „… , Iran–United States Claims Tribunal. Former Secretary-General of UNIDROIT. 183 the study of non-German law …” „… arbitrators who were to serve on the tribunal. Given that, at the time when a contract is entered into …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… mixed arbitral tribunals, which gave individuals standing in proceedings under international law. 5 This …” „… Tams International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties …” „… : The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia Chapter 12 277 Michel …”

Michel Erpelding Introduction: Versailles and the Broadening of ‘Peace Through Law’ S. 11-28

„… with other compelling illustrations of this phenomenon. The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals (MATs), analysed …” „… range of procedural tools, the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia, which I describe in Chapter 12, is …” „… Commission for Upper Silesia and the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia. While the Mixed Commission has left …”

Christian J Tams Chapter 10 Peace Through International Adjudication: The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Post-War Order S. 215-238

„… international law; arbitral tribunals had done so for decades. And yet, the creation of the Court marked a …” „… perceptive study, Oliver Lissitzyn noted in 1951: ‘Although the various arbitral tribunals have made a …” „… for the establishment of an international tribunal and placed great hopes in it.6 Jeremy Bentham had …”

Jennifer Balint, Neal Haslem, Kirsten Haydon Chapter 14 The Work of Peace: World War One, Justice and Translation Through Art S. 337-354

„… Versailles, such as the Permanent Court of International Justice,35 the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals36 and the …” „… Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia,37 we need to consider what we do with these records, these judgments …” „… discussion of the Ottoman Courts-Martial, see Jennifer Balint, ‘The Ottoman State Special Military Tribunal …”

Thomas D Grant Chapter 2 The League of Nations as a Universal Organization S. 65-84

„… or arbitral tribunal. Because that observation is valid generally, it must have 5. 32 For the …” „… principle in judicial and arbitral procedure, it is salient for present purposes to recall that certain …” „… machinery as such, that is to say, the Permanent Court, and all the more so the various arbitral procedures …”

Nathaniel Berman Chapter 1 Drama Through Law: The Versailles Treaty and the Casting of the Modern International Stage S. 29-64

„… Tribunal; cases that began in domestic courts could also be referred to the Arbitral Tribunal at the …” „… cases before the supranational Arbitral Tribunal; Upper Silesians who had opted for citizenship in the …” „… : the ‘suppression of all permanent armies’ and the ‘constitution of an international arbitrage tribunal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167

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