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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 49 Mandatory Application S. 1241

„… Provisions Article 49 Mandatory Application Any clause contained in the contract of carriage and all special …” „… modified or its application waived altogether by any special agreement entered into before the damage …”

Stefan Kröll Article 1 Application of UCP S. 1420-1421

„… application (→ Art. 1) and containing definitions (→ Art. 2) or interpretations (→ Art. 3) of commonly used …” „… particularities of letters of credit. Article 1 Application of UCP The Uniform Customs and Practice for …” „… of application in relation to the instruments (“any documentary credit”) and the parties covered …”

Klaus Ramming Article 2 Scope of application S. 1000-1002

„… renvoi is excluded. Article 2 Scope of application 1. This Convention is applicable to any contract of …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Article 2 is CMNI’s principal provision in respect of the Convention’s scope of application. The …” „… to be observed in respect of CMNI’s scope of application are the definitions of the contract of …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 1 Scope of Application S. 1184-1187

„… of the air carrier in certain cases. Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 Scope of Application 1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Overview Article 1 describes the scope of application of the Montreal Convention. The application …” „… nearly verbatim. The requirement of an agreement The application of the Convention requires that an …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 3 Sphere of application S. 1370

„… application 1. This Convention applies when, at the time of the conclusion of the agreement creating or …” „… Sphere of application and general provisions 1370 Gilles Cuniberti 1 2 3 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) S. 615-616

„… contracts underlying UNIDROIT Principles are the later ones, circumstances may imply the application of Art …” „… 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) Where the law of a State requires a public permission …” „… or that only one of the parties has the necessary knowledge to manage the application process;15 1 …”

Klaus Ramming Article 22 Application of the exonerations and limits of liability S. 1053

„… Application of the exonerations and limits of liability The exonerations and limits of liability provided for …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 1 Scope S. 1084-1086

„… to the CIM Uniform Rules (hereinafter CIM UR), the scope of application of the CIV Uniform Rules …” „… related to the scope of application is that passenger’s places of departure and destination must be …” „… to the application of the CIV UR are provided in Article 4. Upto-date information on the scope of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… structured in four Parts: Scope of application and general provisions (Part I; Arts. 1-13); Formation of the …” „… I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter I Sphere of application Article 1 CISG (1 …” „… law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State. (2) The fact that the parties have …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 CISG S. 33-36

„… mandatory minimum limit. Article 6 CISG The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or …” „… Sphere of application Art. 6 CISG Peter Mankowski 33 8 9 10 I. Generalities …” „… mere default rule. Conversely: Whenever the requirements of its scope of application it applies it will …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 1 Scope S. 1128-1131

„… parties may come to a (contractual) agreement on the application of the CIM UR in line with Article 1 § 2 …” „… two different COTIF Member States. Second, their application can be agreed upon contractually by the …” „… . Application of the CIM UR is possible in two following situations. First, the CIM UR shall apply, where the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 3 CISG S. 24-27

„… . Art. 3 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 24 Peter Mankowski 22 23 24 25 26 I …” „… Sphere of application Art. 3 CISG Peter Mankowski 25 1 2 3 4 5 ing goods according to the customer’s …” „… classificatory issues in a given case. (2) attempts at providing some guidance. It rules out the application of …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 13 Relief pending final determination S. 1379-1380

„… creditor specifically agree, sale and application of proceeds therefrom.1 2. In making any order under the …” „… persons. 4. Nothing in this Article affects the application of Article 8(3) or limits the availability of …” „… ; Traschler, ‘A uniform application of Article 13 of the Cape Town Convention via autonomous interpretation …”

Peter Mankowski Article 3 S. 427-428

„… shall not apply when the parties have expressly excluded its application. I. Scope of application Art …” „… parties have expressly excluded its application.”. 1 Višje sodišče v Ljubljani 13 October 2010 – I Cpg …” „… . 1138; CA Montenegro CLOUT No. 1050. Incorrect CA Montenegro CLOUT No. 1053. SPHERE OF APPLICATION Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Para. 3: Application of UNIDROIT Principles to supplement a more general choice of the parties …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Para. 4: Application of UNIDROIT Principles in the absence of any choice of law …” „… intended kinds of application of the UNIDROIT Principles. Para. 1: General rules for international …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 28 CISG S. 150-152

„… – traditional common law rules towards a more liberal application of the concept of specific performance.6 The …” „… (10 et seq.). 4 Cf. Catalano, ‘More Fiction than Fact: The Perceived Differences in the Application of …” „… .). 5 Cf. for details Catalano, ‘More Fiction than Fact: The Perceived Differences in the Application of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.2 (Full compensation) S. 676-678

„… of business subsequently to contract conclusion. B. Application in Addition to Parallel Options The …” „… notice in a timely manner (Art. 7.1.7(3) sentence 2). C. Analogical Application ‘Analogical application …” „… , in cases of ‘analogical application’ of Arts. 7.4.1 et seq., the right to damages needs to be adapted …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.15 (Procedure in applying for permission) S. 617

„… (iv) application of the self-explanatory default rules in lit. (a) and (b).16 The other party may …” „… ‘How’ According to para. 1, the obligor (Art. 1.11) with respect to the application of the permission …” „… an ‘appeal to the court’6 or a repeated application);7 (ii) to do so ‘without undue delay’ (with due …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… standby letter of credit from the scope of application of the UCP 600 altogether. That was rejected by the …” „… documents to be presented, the UCP 600 only require their application “to the extent to which they may …” „… exclude the application of rules which may in principle apply to a standby as they refer to a relevant …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1307-1310

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III. Scope of application – The relationship between the Directive and the CISG …” „… 70/2001 (EC) of 12 January 2001 on the Application of Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid of …” „… foster the position of SMEs in public works. In the recitals, the application of the Directive to …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Scope of application …” „… every application case in Part III; this raises the question on a restrictive interpretation of Art. 27 …” „… II. Scope of application Overview The dispatch principle of Art. 27 CISG applies to all notices and …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 28 Peter Mankowski 17 1 2 3 man and Austrian law which substantially …” „… application of the CISG; but where it does → Art. 4 2nd sentence (a) CISG applies in due course, too.9 Both …” „… CISG’, in: MüKo-HGB, n 7. Chapter I Sphere of application Art. 4 CISG Peter Mankowski 29 4 5 6 7 8 …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 f) Analogous application of the Directive …” „… Court has further clarified the principles of its interpretation and application in a number of other …” „… . 9 et seqq. 15 See the Report on the application of Art. 17 of Council Directive on the co-ordination …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.3.1 (Contracts infringing mandatory rules) S. 558-559

„… Mutatis Mutandis to All Communications of Intention Art. 3.2.17 enlarges the scope of application of …” „… to the extent that Art. 1.4 leads to the application of mandatory law1 whereby Art. 1.4 in turn …” „… law may not require a straightforward ‘application’ of a (foreign) mandatory law but may rather grant …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter I Sphere of application Article 1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 PART I SUBSTANTIVE PROVISIONS SPHERE OF APPLICATION Article 1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 6.1.13 615 Application for public permission …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 CISG S. 20-23

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Art. 2 refines the CISG’s substantive scope of application by expressly excluding certain types or …” „… 43. Art. 2 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 20 Peter Mankowski 43 44 45 1 …” „… in Europa? (Mohr, Tübingen 2015) p. 222. Chapter I Sphere of application Art. 2 CISG Peter …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… an application of Art. 42 by analogy.15 Although the protection of these rights is not a territorial …” „… prohibition for photographs) warrant an application of Art. 42 by analogy. Seller’s actual or constructive …” „… field of application remains for legal systems that define gross negligence differently than the “could …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.2 (Exclusion) S. 743

„… Correlating with the rule in Art. 9.1.2(b), Art. 9.2.2 excludes from the scope of application of section 9.2 …” „… transfers of obligations as a result of the application of special national (company or commercial) law …” „… application of the UNIDROIT 1. 1 Official Comments, Art. 9.2.2 and Illustration 1, p. 329; Vogenauer/Mazza Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.3 (Requirement of obligee’s consent to transfer) S. 743

„… Correlating with the rule in Art. 9.1.2(b), Art. 9.2.2 excludes from the scope of application of section 9.2 …” „… transfers of obligations as a result of the application of special national (company or commercial) law …” „… application of the UNIDROIT 1. 1 Official Comments, Art. 9.2.2 and Illustration 1, p. 329; Vogenauer/Mazza Art …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… UCP 13 1 et seqq. Basis of claims Montreal Convention 29 2 et seqq. Best efforts – application for a …” „… CMNI 25 1 – overview CMNI Intro 4 – principal duties CMNI 3 1 – scope of application CMNI 2 1, 30 1 …” „… with conditions UNIDROIT 5.3.3 – restitution UNIDROIT 5.3.5 1–2 – scope of application of the rules on …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.2 (Exclusions) S. 718

„… domestic national laws provide – often in a mandatory manner (Art. 1.4) – for the application of such …” „… provides the basis for the application of the UNIDROIT Principles (often with distinctions between …” „… application of such special rules),6 an assignment under section 9 of the UNIDROIT Principles remains possible …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 2 Declaration concerning liability in case of death of, or personal injury to, passengers S. 1087

„… non-application of the liability provisions in case of death or personal injury to passengers for "domestic cases …” „… non-application of certain provisions can be made at any time, whereas reservations on the part of a State are …” „… concerning the non-application with effect from 15 September 2013. A State which has made a declaration in …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.6 (Contra proferentem rule) S. 568

„… . 4.6 provides for the application of the contra proferentem rule to all international contracts …” „… common intention of the parties, Art. 4.1(1)). If, after the application of Arts. 4.1 to 4.4, and …” „… Beck-Rechtsprechungssammlung 2012, 06785, p. 7 (confirming the application of Art. 4.6 in an action of an athlete for damages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.7 (Linguistic discrepancies) S. 568

„… . 4.6 provides for the application of the contra proferentem rule to all international contracts …” „… common intention of the parties, Art. 4.1(1)). If, after the application of Arts. 4.1 to 4.4, and …” „… Beck-Rechtsprechungssammlung 2012, 06785, p. 7 (confirming the application of Art. 4.6 in an action of an athlete for damages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.1 (Express and implied obligations) S. 571

„… whether the application of Art. 4.8 should logically follow the application of Arts. 5.1.1-5.1.2 on …” „… . Official Comments, Art. 4.8 no. 2, p. 149 (‘This Article … applies without prejudice to the application of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.10 (Interest on damages) S. 693

„… non-performance of non-monetary obligations accrues as from the time of non-performance. A. Scope of Application …” „… . Application Acccording to this default rule (‘Unless otherwise agreed’), interest accrues ‘as from the time of …” „… application of Art. 7.1.10 may not lead to overcompensation.8 According to the Official Comments, interest …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… application of the chargee order that ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object …” „… obligations. 3. The court shall grant an application under the preceding paragraph only if the amount of the …” „… to require application to the court, which is the case of Art 8 and 9 remedies, may be exercised …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.4 (Mandatory rules) S. 486-488

„… 7.3.3). Article 1.4 (Mandatory rules) Nothing in these Principles shall restrict the application of …” „… mandatory rule and the consequences of an application.9 Any law applied by the arbitrators to determine the …” „… application of mandatory law in arbitration should be understood in a large sense as ‘private international …”

Article 30 Carriage by way of specific inland waterways S. 1068

„… secured by the lien. Chapter IX Declarations concerning the scope of application Article 30 Carriage by …” „… that France wished to have the option to limit CMNI’s scope of application to the Rhine and the Moselle …” „… main waterways of Art. 30 CMNI Chapter IX Declarations concerning the scope of application 1068 …”

Raimond Emde Article 17 S. 1287-1295

„… the application or otherwise of a restraint of trade clause, within the meaning of Article 20; (b) The …” „… application of Art. 17 of Council Directive on the co-ordination of the laws of the member states relating to …” „… with comment Emde EuZW 2016, 218. 5 Report on the application of Art. 17 of Council Directive on the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… relationship with the airline actually carrying him on board its aircraft required that application of the …” „… in both Conventions refer to the application of national law (lex fori), for instance Article 29 of …” „… types of injury or the identification of proper beneficiaries, thereby leaving room for the application …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.1 (Intention of the parties) S. 561-563

„… C. Application of Art. 3.2.15 Para. 3 refers to Art. 3.2.15 on restitution,11 which includes (i …” „… ) provides itself an application of the principle of good faith and fair dealing, Art. 1.7.20 C. Step 1 …” „… ‘reasonable standard’ (another application of Art. 1.7),27 again supported by the factors set forth in Art …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… reasonably26 (cf. → Art. 8(2) CISG) justifies the other party’s reliance on the non-application of their “no …” „… issue of the passing of property is excluded from the scope of application of the Convention under …” „… , Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Applicability and Applications of the 1980 United Nations …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 1 Definitions S. 1367-1368

„… The application of an unusually high number of rules of the Convention or the relevant protocol is …” „… always have made different choices (or none). Chapter I Sphere of application and general provisions …” „… category of object and associated rights; Art. 1 Cape Town Convention Chapter I Sphere of application …”

Raimond Emde Article 4 S. 1272-1273

„… and application3 is basically decisionist and ill-suited for the derivation of decision principles …” „… interpretation and application of Section 242 BGB must also be exercised subject to Union loyalty.6 This is cast …” „… Member States – by both the legislature and the judiciary. Within the scope of application of Article 3 …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 5 Interpretation and applicable law S. 1371-1372

„… and predictability in its application. 2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention …” „… to exclude renvoi. Where a choice of law rule of the forum provides for the application of the law of …” „… . Art. 5 Cape Town Convention Chapter I Sphere of application and general provisions 1372 Gilles …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 43 Jurisdiction under Article 13 S. 1404-1405

„… favour of the application of treaties concluded by Member States with third States,5 and so does the 2005 …” „… 151. 2 For instance, application of mandatory rules of the (non chosen) forum. 3 Different choice of …” „… applications to grant Relief Pending Final Determination under Art 13.2 While the nature of the relief under …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 CISG S. 31-32

„… . Chapter I Sphere of application Art. 5 CISG Peter Mankowski 31 15 16 17 I. Scope of the exclusion Art …” „… fact, redress might be the main field of application for Art. 5 wherever the buyer claims reimbursement …” „… APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 32 Peter Mankowski 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.3 (Requirement of consent of the other party) S. 753-754

„… course of transferring a business. Limitation of the Scope of Application Pursuant to Art. 9.3.2, section …” „… apply to (and the application of the UNIDROIT Principles can be chosen for) the contractual transfer ”of …” „… relate both (a) to the transfer as such and (b) either to the application of the UNIDROIT Principles4 …”

Klaus Ramming Article 1 Definitions S. 993-999

„… definitions are highly relevant and, in particular together with Article 2, define the scope of application of …” „… by it is considered, for the purposes of the application of CMNI, as being equal to a contract of …” „… , railway or ocean vessel transport, are not subject to CMNI.1 The Convention’s application is determined by …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… over 44% of the export trade financing product mix.2 The traditional and primary field of application …” „… fact that they fall theoretically also within the scope of application of the UCP, they are not the …” „… agreement by the parties for their application, as is explicitly stated in Article 1. Some authors have …”

Introduction Introduction LPC S. 418-421

„… application mirroring Art. 1 CISG as it had been unearthed in the meantime. It supplements the CISG which does …” „… and effective application of the Limitation Convention.15 International commercial arbitrators were …” „… Limitation Convention should be applied even beyond its own scope of application, based on Art. 19 (2 …”

Petra Butler Article 51 CISG S. 269-273

„… partial-application rule may appear purely declaratory in light of Article 46(3), which allows the buyer to claim …” „… application to partial non-delivery and partial defective delivery it seems uncontroversial that Article 51 …” „… regarding the justification of the majority view but arguing that de lege ferenda an application of Art. 51 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 1 S. 901-905

„… shall apply (Art. 5 Rome-I-Regulation). Chapter I Scope of application Article 1 (1) This Convention …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I. Background Article 1 CMR defines the scope of application of CMR. Bearing in mind Art. 41 CMR …” „… application 902 Peter Csoklich 2 3 4 5 places it at the disposal of the principal for the carriage of goods on …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade. (2) Questions …” „… ). Art. 7 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 38 Peter Mankowski 3 4 5 6 …” „… Complementary Instruments?’, Uniform Law Review 1996, 34. 26 For a practical application e.g. OLG Jena IHR 2016 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 18 Commercial Invoice S. 1466-1468

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Scope of application …” „… interpretations are contained in paras C1-C15 of the ISBP. Scope of application Article 18 is applicable to all …” „… “commercial invoice” the wording is not intended to limit its application to a particular type of invoice or …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… advantage from such a cure.48 In the present authors’ view, an application of the restriction of …” „… in title50 and most authors either stay silent on the issue or support an application of Art. 50 to …” „… : Schwenzer (n 5) 27; Gruber (n 11) para. 27; Kröll (n 2) para. 51; supporting an application: Staudinger …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 71 CISG S. 319-326

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Scope of application …” „… scope of application (see → para. 9 below). Even though the Convention generally does not govern issues …” „… of contract validity (see → Art. 4(a)), the provision prohibits the application of national doctrines …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 12 Transposition S. 1358-1360

„… or incorrect transposition (against 6 Member States), as well as several bad application infringement …” „… States relating to the time limits for transposition and application of Directive 2000/35/EC.16 All 28 …” „… States to comply with the provisions of the Directive in order to ensure correct application. Actions …”

Klaus Ramming Article 25 Nullity of contractual stipulations S. 1061-1063

„… application of liability provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 II …” „… 2014, ECLI:NL:RBROT:2014:6975. Art. 25 CMNI Klaus Ramming 1061 1 I. Mandatory application of …” „… 25.2 Article 25.2 provides for a number of important exceptions from the mandatory application of …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 13 Repeal S. 1361

„… into national law and its application. However, it shall remain applicable to contracts concluded …” „… time limits for transposition and application of Directive 2000/35/EC.2 II. References If another …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 14 Entry into force S. 1361

„… into national law and its application. However, it shall remain applicable to contracts concluded …” „… time limits for transposition and application of Directive 2000/35/EC.2 II. References If another …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 48 Mutual Relations of Contracting and Actual Carriers S. 1241

„… Provisions Article 49 Mandatory Application Any clause contained in the contract of carriage and all special …” „… modified or its application waived altogether by any special agreement entered into before the damage …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 50 Insurance S. 1241

„… Provisions Article 49 Mandatory Application Any clause contained in the contract of carriage and all special …” „… modified or its application waived altogether by any special agreement entered into before the damage …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 68 CISG S. 309-311

„… application of domestic law providing for the invalidity of a contract in cases of initial objective …” „… communication systems. A number of commentators reject application of the provision by referring to problems …” „… insurer.10 This is unconvincing; there should at least be an application by analogy when electronic …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… not suffice to trigger the application of the rule at hand. If the location of the goods is far from …” „… concurrently. Conversely, if either one of the three prerequisites for application of the provision at hand is …” „… the same identification of the pre-requisites for application of the provision under consideration …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 31 Effects of assignment S. 1395

„… application of Article XI”. As it then goes on to consider the power to “derogate from or vary the effect of …” „… the parties only have the power to exclude the application of Art XI all together, but not vary it.21 …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 32 Formal requirements of assignment S. 1395

„… application of Article XI”. As it then goes on to consider the power to “derogate from or vary the effect of …” „… the parties only have the power to exclude the application of Art XI all together, but not vary it.21 …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 41 Sale and prospective sale S. 1403

„… Art 40 declarations may be made or amended at any time. Chapter XI Application of the Convention to …” „… Space protocols provide for the application of the Convention to sales and prospective sales, and for …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 42 Choice of forum S. 1403

„… Art 40 declarations may be made or amended at any time. Chapter XI Application of the Convention to …” „… Space protocols provide for the application of the Convention to sales and prospective sales, and for …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.17 (Unilateral declarations) S. 558

„… Mutatis Mutandis to All Communications of Intention Art. 3.2.17 enlarges the scope of application of …” „… to the extent that Art. 1.4 leads to the application of mandatory law1 whereby Art. 1.4 in turn …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 S. 433

„… interpretation and application of the provisions of this Convention, regard shall be had to its international …” „… . 2 Official Commentary Sono Art. 6 note 3. SPHERE OF APPLICATION Art. 7 LPC Peter Mankowski 433 1 2 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 S. 433

„… interpretation and application of the provisions of this Convention, regard shall be had to its international …” „… . 2 Official Commentary Sono Art. 6 note 3. SPHERE OF APPLICATION Art. 7 LPC Peter Mankowski 433 1 2 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.2 (Performance of non-monetary obligation) S. 647-651

„… particular Art. 3.1.3), subject to the application of mandatory law under Art. 1.4 and to Art. 6.1.17(1 …” „… lit. b prohibits its application (so that the right to specific performance subsists) for example,29 …” „… 7.2.4 which reinforce the right to specific performance; (c) in case of the application of the ‘personal …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.10 (Notice) S. 496

„… respect to regions or particular jurisdictions8? (iii) is the application reasonable under the …” „… application of a surprising usage. B. Hierarchy (i) Express terms (Art. 1.1, except for Art. 1.8 cases), (ii …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.13 (Imputation of non-monetary obligations) S. 615

„… contracts underlying UNIDROIT Principles are the later ones, circumstances may imply the application of Art …” „… 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) Where the law of a State requires a public permission …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 9 Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption S. 1375

„… application of the chargee order that ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object …” „… obligations. 3. The court shall grant an application under the preceding paragraph only if the amount of the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 12 Additional remedies S. 1379

„… creditor specifically agree, sale and application of proceeds therefrom.1 2. In making any order under the …” „… persons. 4. Nothing in this Article affects the application of Article 8(3) or limits the availability of …”

Raimond Emde Article 16 S. 1286

„… autonomous law.2 Article 16 Nothing in this Directive shall affect the application of the law of the Member …” „… contains the reference that the Directive shall not affect the application of national provisions on …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.8 (Inconsistent behaviour) S. 494

„… amount’ in Art. 7.4.13(2)). Examples for the application of Art. 1.7 are the de minimis non curat …” „… non-application of a specific principle under the special circumstances of the case.20 The burden of proof lies on …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.16 (Damages) S. 557

„… independent from actual contract avoidance.3 B. Supplemental Application of General Rules on Damages The …” „… supplemental application of the general rules on damages in Arts. 7.4.1 et seq. avoids unfair results, e.g. if …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.2 (Exclusion) S. 753

„… course of transferring a business. Limitation of the Scope of Application Pursuant to Art. 9.3.2, section …” „… apply to (and the application of the UNIDROIT Principles can be chosen for) the contractual transfer ”of …”

Article 31 National transport or transport free of charge S. 1069

„… are bound. The impact Article 30 has on CMNI’s scope of application appears not to have been yet fully …” „… . It is submitted that if such a declaration has been made, the scope of application of CMNI is …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 24 Review of Limits S. 1222

„… application of the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article may, at the time of ratification or accession or …” „… for the amounts in Articles 21 and 22 as would result from the application of the first three …”

Peter Mankowski Article 20 S. 445

„… protects the debtor’s faith in the application of his home law. Any forum in another State cannot have …” „… ). 2 Practical applications: Fovárosi Itélotábla CLOUT No. 1054; Heves County Ct. CLOUT No. 1055. 3 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.16 (Permission neither granted nor refused) S. 618

„… Termination in Case of a ‘Stuck Process’ Sometimes an application procedure with (administrative) authorities …” „… pre-condition to the application para. 1 (if the obligor has not acted at all, this is non-performance, Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introductory Remarks S. 674

„… to agree, post contractum, on the application of the UNIDROIT Principles as ‘neutral law’ to overcome …” „… opponents argued for the application of different legal orders (English or Swiss law). From the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.8 (Mitigation of harm) S. 688

„… ‘damages’ pursuant to Arts. 7.4.1 and 7.4.2. B. Two Forms of Application Paras. 1 and 2 stand for two …” „… forms of application of the concept of mitigation. A Partial Shield for the Obligor In line with the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 2 Definitions S. 1311-1320

„… be interpreted in an autonomous way in order to guarantee a consistent interpretation and application …” „… Directive exempts consumers from its field of application.34 Business-to-consumer transactions are covered …” „… religious communities. Due to their non-commercial nature, the scope of application of the Late Payment …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 30 Effects of insolvency S. 1391-1394

„… establishment8 or even simply assets. Art 30 expressly provides that it does not affect the application of …” „… opened (lex concursus).9 The Official Commentary suggests that Art 30 only tolerates the application of …” „… application of XXX(4) is not subject to a specific declaration, its scope seems to be limited to other …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 CISG S. 47-50

„… CISG’, in: Staudinger n 7. Art. 9 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 48 Peter …” „… . 22 Contra Kröll, ‘Selected Problems Concerning the CISG’s Scope of Application’, 25 Journal of Law …” „… : Schlechtriem/Schwenzer n 8. Art. 9 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 50 Peter Mankowski 14 15 …”

Raimond Emde Article 2 S. 1266-1271

„… ) and personal scope of application of the Directive. The effective date and transitional provisions can …” „… activities of intermediaries, is a measure of legal unification as a “typicality” procedure.4 The application …” „… sector are not directly covered by the Directive (regarding the analogous application, above …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… definite failure to perform (e.g. impossibility under Art. 7.2.2(a), application of the ‘unreasonable …” „… Vogenauer/Huber Art. 7.3.1 no. 44 (arguing for a restrictive application of lit. c as compared to the criteria in …” „… is beyond the scope of application of para. 3, the obligee may nonetheless fix an additional period …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 77 CISG S. 356-359

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Scope of application …” „… Damages Art. 77 CISG Tim W. Dornis 357 1 2 3 III. Details Scope of application Article 77 applies to all …” „… application of Article 77. A merely negligent failure to mitarigate will lead to a reduction of the damages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… law, there is room for the application of Art. 7.4.9. In this respect it is an open issue whether the …” „… concerning the Application of the Law in the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Sales and Purchase Contracts was …” „… application of Art. 78 CISG may be wider applying to “any party” failing to repay its debt. 18 …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 78 CISG S. 360-366

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Scope of application …” „… ’ compromise.2 III. Details Scope of application The provision applies to all obligations committing a party …” „… . A/CONF.97/19 (1981), 223 et seq., 388 et seq., 415 et seq.; Franco Ferrari, ‘Uniform Application and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.7 (Restitution with respect to long-term contracts) S. 672-673

„… termination is recoverable under para. 1.5 B. Conditions Principle Rule The application of Art. 7.3.7 …” „… application of Art. 7.1.6).14 C. Reference to Art. 7.3.6 Para. 2 is self-explanatory (→ Art. 7.3.6 no. 7 at F …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 26 Basis of liability S. 1104-1105

„… vehicles falls within the scope of the application of the CIV UR (see Article 24 of the CIV UR above), the …” „… application according to → Art. 1 of the CIV UR above). Article 26 § 5 of the CIV UR answers the question as …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 42 Peter Mankowski 19 20 21 case including the negotiations, any practices …” „… . Art. 8 CISG PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 44 Peter Mankowski 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 …” „… APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 46 Peter Mankowski 17 18 19 20 …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 80 CISG S. 377-380

„… application, thus, is different from Article 77.1 The provision is usually explained as an expression of the …” „… of Justice rejected the application of Article 80 in a case where a seller had delivered a toxic …” „… more complex. Among the voices that call for the application of Article 80, some contend that, for …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 19 Delay S. 1213-1214

„… Convention to employers could not be construed as excluding employers from the scope of application of the …” „… concluded, damage suffered by employers was within the scope of application of the Montreal Convention. The …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 7 Ticket S. 1091-1092

„… exemptions for the application of these articles to certain services). The following, at least, must be …” „… subsystem ‘telematics applications for passenger services’ of the trans-European rail system, usually …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 S. 425-426

„… APPLICATION Art. 2 LPC Peter Mankowski 425 18 19 20 21 22 23 b) the fact that the parties have their places …” „… innocent of the precondition for applying the Convention being fulfilled against application of the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 S. 429-430

„… rule on the international scope of application and has not been amended in the light of Art. 6 CISG …” „… bought for personal, family or household use; (e) of ships, vessels, or aircraft;”. SPHERE OF APPLICATION …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.3 (Co-operation between the parties) S. 573-574

„… particular applications of ‘implied duties’, explicitly set forth in the UNIDROIT Principles and thereby …” „… overriding the application of the general rules in Arts. 5.1.1 and 5.1.2. Article 5.1.3 (Co-operation between …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.4 (Judicial penalty) S. 653-654

„… cooperate (Art. 5.1.3), the application of the good faith principle (Art. 1.7), and/or analogous application …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.11 (Successive assignments) S. 731-732

„… ). (c) If the application of the UNIDROIT Principles to the initial contract is not evident by a choice …” „… detailed reasons for the application to non-monetary rights by analogy despite the word ‘paying’ in the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.4 (New limitation period by acknowledgement) S. 771-772

„… the free will of the parties provides the basis to choose the application of the UNIDROIT Principles …” „… the application of para. 2). Art. 10.4 UNIDROIT Eckart J. Brödermann 771 11 A. Principle, Timing and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.3 (Partial performance) S. 599-600

„… contracts providing for supply in instalments each instalment is a whole for the application of Art …” „… (b) the obligor has a counter-claim, it can displace the application of Art. 6.1.3(1) by set-off …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 37 S. 979-980

„… possibility of an analogous application of Art. 37 CMR to cases of carriers which do not fall under Art. 34 …” „… application.3 II. Recourse Recourse is only possible after payment was made.4 The scope of Art. 37 CMR is (in …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… necessary.18 Rights of the seller The clear wording of Art. 41 prevents its direct application to rights and …” „… party were to claim a right to the goods, an application by analogy is justified.19 A conb) 2. 3. 9 …” „… ; advocating an application of Art. 30 instead: Schwenzer (n 9) para. 15; Kröll (n 1) para. 21; unclear Gruber …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5. Application of the Directive to corporate loans …” „… far and left the issue open.38 Nonetheless, an extension of the personal scope of application can be …” „… interest for late payment.77 Application of the Directive to corporate loans In the context of corporate …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 S. 422-424

„… development of world trade, Have agreed as follows: PART I SUBSTANTIVE PROVISIONS SPHERE OF APPLICATION …” „… ). SPHERE OF APPLICATION Art. 1 LPC Peter Mankowski 423 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 creditor even where they pose a …”

Peter Csoklich Introduction S. 898-900

„… decisions of courts of other member states in order to achieve a unanimous interpretation and application of …” „… the binding English and French versions:9 Also this incorrect application of CMR is a source of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.15 (Restitution) S. 554-556

„… contractual regime of the UNIDROIT Principles)5 there will be rarely room for the application of the law of …” „… Art. 6.1.11 each party bears the costs of restitution.17 D. Application of General Rules All duties …”

Klaus Ramming Introduction S. 990-992

„… . There were declarations in relation to the application of the Convention to specific inland waterways …” „… located on its territory (→ Art. 30.1) by Switzerland and as to the application of the Convention to …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 18 Damage to Cargo S. 1206-1212

„… the wrong person).4 The distinction between loss and damage is relevant for the application of Article …” „… attributable to the carrier – contributed to the damage and make way for the application of comparative fault …” „… discussion of the multimodal contract of carriage and the application of German law see Alexander Kirsch …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 29 CISG S. 153-155

„… CISG.4 II. Modification and termination of a contract (Art. 29(1) CISG) Scope of application Art. 29 …” „… excluded by the parties. Abuse As a specified application of the general bona fide rule in → Art. 7(1) CISG …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) S. 669-671

„… . 7.1.2) (see also → Art. 3.2.15 no. 3 on the similar solution for the application of Art. 3.2.15 (3 …” „… relation to the general rules on damages, para. 4 is a ‘lex specialis’ and has priority in application.32 …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 a) Scope of application …” „… about the impediment. Finally, paragraph 5 restricts the provision’s scope of application to claims for …” „… reasonably be expected to have avoided or overcome the impediment or its consequences.5 Scope of application …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims S. 1353-1356

„… creditor’s action or application at the court or other competent authority, provided that the debt or aspects …” „… to correcting applications. 4. This Article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of …”

Lisa Spagnolo Introduction to Articles 14–24 CISG S. 55-57

„… , ‘Application of the Electronic Communications Convention to the CISG’ in Ingeborg Schwenzer and Lisa Spagnolo …” „… formation provisions are also relevant to the question of the CISG’s application to the contract. For those …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… person; or (b) the invalid establishment of an entity acting as obligor, resulting from the application …” „… result of the application of private international company law by a German court);16 or (c) improper …”

CISG Marco Torsello Article 34 S. 186-189

„… should be drawn by analogy from the general principle enshrined in Article 33(c) CISG, in application of …” „… very hard to conceive any possible application of this rule with respect to the handing over of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… Commercial Arbitration (2): A US Perspective on their Aims and Application, ICC International Court of …” „… influenced by the UNIDROIT Principles. A possible prominent field of application for the UNIDROIT Principles …” „… , 15-16). The dispute resolution clause is therefore decisive for the application of the UNIDROIT …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… years of Lex Mercatoria: Towards the Selective Application of Transnational Rules’, 10 ICSID Review 208 …” „… transactions and their background. In particular, they have grabbed a certain share of application in …” „… , 722; Piers/Erauw, ‘Application of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts in …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 4 Transactions between undertakings and public authorities S. 1334-1338

„… objective of amending the initial agreement and prolonging payment terms, Oelsner negates an application of …” „… in a similar situation to undertakings. The application of stricter rules is therefore justified, as …”

Petra Butler Article 52 CISG S. 274-278

„… application of Article 51(1).34 III. Avoidance of the entire contract in case of part-performance (Article 51 …” „… The application of Article 52 does not affect the availability of “regular” remedies under Article …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… application of the clause, duly interpreted (Arts. 4.1, 4.3 et seq. with due regard to, inter alia, the …” „… conduct’ without any possibility of insurance);20 and (ii) “its application would 10 Official Comments …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims) S. 808-811

„… the co-obligor’s sphere.7 The application of lit a is excluded (and the co-obligor addressee of the …” „… party14 (in such case an analogous application of Art. 11.1.6 might be considered).15 Personal defences …”

Peter Csoklich Article 2 S. 906-909

„… Transport, 147 et seq. Art. 2 CMR Chapter I Scope of application 906 Peter Csoklich 1 2 connection with …” „… Chapter I Scope of application 908 Peter Csoklich 9 10 11 12 13 road-rail transports the damaged person …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 38 CISG S. 200-204

„… . 39 no. 15 et seq.).4 The scope of application for Arts 38 and 39 encompasses non-conforming goods in …” „… application of Art. 38(3). An examination is always unreasonable if it would require the buyer to destroy the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 45 bisRelationship with the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade S. 1408

„… reserves the application of the U.N. outer space treaties and instruments of the International …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 46 Relationship with the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing S. 1408

„… reserves the application of the U.N. outer space treaties and instruments of the International …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 47 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession S. 1408

„… reserves the application of the U.N. outer space treaties and instruments of the International …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 53 Determination of courts S. 1412

„… application to the court may be exercised only with leave of the court. China is the only Contracting State to …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 54 Declarations regarding remedies S. 1412

„… application to the court may be exercised only with leave of the court. China is the only Contracting State to …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 55 Declarations regarding relief pending final determination S. 1412

„… application to the court may be exercised only with leave of the court. China is the only Contracting State to …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 56 Reservations and declarations S. 1412

„… application to the court may be exercised only with leave of the court. China is the only Contracting State to …”

Peter Mankowski Article 45 S. 461

„… respect of which the 1980 Protocol ceases to have effect by the application of paragraphs (1) and (2)** of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 45bis (Article XIII (3) of the Protocol) S. 461

„… respect of which the 1980 Protocol ceases to have effect by the application of paragraphs (1) and (2)** of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 46 S. 461

„… respect of which the 1980 Protocol ceases to have effect by the application of paragraphs (1) and (2)** of …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 43 S. 988