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Felix Beck - Self-Spreading Biotechnology and International Law

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Felix Beck

Self-Spreading Biotechnology and International Law

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 316 2022

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Chapter 10: Strict State Liability for Transboundary Harm? S. 595-616

„… Chapter 10:Strict State Liability for Transboundary Harm?The preceding chapters have shown that a …” „… state of origin will be internationally responsible for transboundary harm only when it has failed to …” „… that this failure was causal for the transboundary damage to occur. Finally, harm could also occur even …”

Chapter 9: State Responsibility for Transboundary Harm Caused by Biotechnology S. 495-594

„… Transboundary HarmIn the following, the criteria for attributing private conduct to a state under Article 8 …” „… ’ and ‘source state’ are used synonymously to refer to the state from which transboundary harm …” „… ), 8.10 See chapter 2, section D.Chapter 9: State Responsibility for Transboundary Harm Caused by …”

Chapter 4: Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Biotechnology Under Customary International Law S. 247-316

„… prevention of transboundary harm.As defined in Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of …” „… Legal Foundation of the Obligation to Prevent Transboundary HarmThe obligation not to cause significant …” „… transboundary harm are still unsettled.26Scope of the Obligation to Prevent Transboundary HarmBefore discussing …”

Chapter 2: Concepts and Terms Relevant to Transboundary Harm Caused by Biotechnology S. 107-128

„… Chapter 2:Concepts and Terms Relevant to Transboundary Harm Caused by BiotechnologyThe first …” „… transboundary harm has faced for many years (and perhaps still does).31For the purposes of the present study, it …” „… transboundary harm.34 As private actors are no subjects of public international law, their liability is usually …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-44

„… Transboundary HarmB. 251HarmI. 252Transboundary HarmII. 253‘Extraterritorial’ Transboundary Harm1. 254Harm to …” „… by BiotechnologyChapter 2:107Prevention of Transboundary HarmPart Two: 129The Regulation of …” „… 9:495Strict State Liability for Transboundary Harm?Chapter 10: 595Compensation for Environmental Damage …”

Concluding Remarks S. 665-670

„… substantive branch of the obligation to prevent transboundary harm.After harm has occurred, a responsible …” „… which biotechnology has given rise to significant transboundary harm until today, the advent of …” „… transboundary harm apply to risks arising from self-spreading biotechnology just as they 1 Liability for …”

Summary of Results S. 671-688

„… Transboundary Harm Caused by Biotechnology5. While most national biosafety regimes apply to ‘genetically …” „… transboundary movements of LMOs must be distinguished from harm that occurs after an organism was deliberately …” „… liability are used inconsistently in international law dealing with the consequences of transboundary harm …”

Chapter 8: A Customary Obligation to Ensure Prompt and Adequate Compensation for Transboundary Damage? S. 477-492

„… is also reflected in the Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm …” „… Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries (2006 …” „… Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous Activities, 14 (2005) RECIEL 265, 267–270; Alan E. Boyle, Liability …”

Chapter 5: The International Governance of Engineered Gene Drives S. 317-364

„… jurisdiction or control do not cause transboundary harm.15 Moreover, the decision called upon governments to …” „… obligation to prevent transboundary harm,75 and to Article 14, which requires the parties to the CBD to …” „… is inherent in the general obligation to act with due diligence to prevent transboundary harm. This …”

Chapter 6: The Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Redress and Liability S. 367-460

„… harm caused by an LMO which has not been subject to a transboundary movement, for instance when an LMO …” „… Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries (2001), YBILC …” „… Biosafety, 19 (2010) RECIEL 197; Sufian Jusoh, Harmonisation of Liability Rules in Transboundary Move367 …”

Bibliography S. 743-808

„… State Responsibility for Transboundary Environmental Harm, 103 (2019) Minnesota Law Review 1879–1690 …” „… M./Miller, Russell A. (eds.), Transboundary Harm in International Law: Lessons from the Trail Smelter …” „… Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous Activities: Privatizing Risk?, 14 (2005) RECIEL 265–282 Science and …”

Chapter 3: The Regulation of Biotechnology in International Law S. 131-246

„… Part Two:Prevention of Transboundary HarmChapter 3:The Regulation of Biotechnology in International …” „… .). Substantively, most of the Protocol’s provisions concern the ‘transboundary movement’ of LMOs, which denotes …” „… (II.).ScopeAccording to its Article 4, the Cartagena Protocol applies to‘the transboundary movement, transit, handling …”

Table of Treaties and Instruments S. 721-742

„… Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries (2001), YBILC 2001, Vol. II, Pt …” „… of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous Activities Adopted by the …” „… International Law (International Liability in Case of Loss from Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous …”

Chapter 11: Compensation for Environmental Damage in International Law S. 617-664

„… Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries (2006), YBILC 2006, vol. II(2), p. 56 …” „… measures.6 In the commentary to its Draft Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm, the International …” „… Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries (2001), YBILC …”

Chapter 7: A Private Liability Scheme: The ‘Biodiversity Compact’ S. 461-476

„… . (n. 5), 232.37 Ibid.; on strict liability for environmental harm, see Hanqin Xue, Transboundary …” „… substantive conditions on which foreign industry will be liable for transboundary harm’.120 This vacuum was …” „… Protocol only applies when a harmful LMO has been subject to a transboundary movement, but stipulates no …”

Chapter 1: The Emergence of Self-Spreading Biotechnology S. 47-106

„… vnOmFltc (last accessed 28 May 2022).167 Jon Cohen, Did CRISPR Help – Or Harm – The First-Ever Gene-Edited …” „… /did-crispr-help-or-harm-first-ever-gene-edited-babies (last accessed 28 May 2022).168 See Natalie Kofler, Why Were Scientists Silent over Gene-Edited …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748913528

Sahar Moradi Karkaj - Die Staatenhaftung im Völkerrecht

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Sahar Moradi Karkaj

Die Staatenhaftung im Völkerrecht

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 309 2021

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Bibliografie S. 337-372

„… State Liability for Transboundary Harms, in: Bratspies, Rebecca M./Miller, Russell A. (Hg …” „… .), Transboundary Harm in International Law: Lessons from the Trail Smelter Arbitration, Cambridge 2006, S. 99–108 …” „… . Bratspies, Rebecca M./Miller, Russell A., Introduction, in: dies. (Hg.), Transboundary Harm in International …”

1. Kapitel: Staatenhaftung in der Systematik des Völkerrechts S. 28-196

„… transboundary harm were wrongful, there would be no need for this topic. Every activity that caused or …” „… transboundary harm arising out of hazardous activities, ILC, Report of the International Law Commission on the …” „… . 34; siehe auch D. Magraw, Transboundary Harm, AJIL 80 (1986), S. 305 (311). 39 Sonderberichterstatter …”

2. Kapitel: Konstitutive Elemente der staatlichen Einstandspflichten S. 197-224

„… , International Cybertorts, CLR103 (2018), S. 565 (603); D. B. Magraw, Transboundary Harm, AJIL 80 (1986), S. 305 …” „… , to prevent problems especially of transboundary and global harm (be it environmental, econo- 125 ILA …” „… Case of Transboundary Harm Arising out of Hazardous Activities, RECIEL 14 (2005), S. 265 (266, 268, 274 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… Law Haftungsprinzipien Draft principles on the allocation of loss in the case of transboundary harm …” „… Draft articles on prevention of transboundary harm from hazardous activities PÜ Pariser Übereinkommen …”

4. Kapitel: Staatenhaftung für informationstechnische Systeme S. 289-332

„… . A. Miller, Introduction, in: dies. (Hg.), Transboundary Harm in International Law, 2006, S. 1 (8); S …” „… liability in case of loss from transboundary harm arising out of hazardous activities), YBILC 2004-II/1, UN …” „… . Foster, The ILC Draft Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising out …”

3. Kapitel: Staatenverantwortlichkeit für informationstechnische Systeme S. 225-288

„… . 435 f. 159 Id., S. 436. 160 D. Korff, First Do No Harm, in: B. Wagner/M. C. Kettemann/K. Vieth (Hg …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748912286

Daniela M. Schmitt - Staatenverantwortlichkeit für Schäden an der biologischen Vielfalt

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Daniela M. Schmitt

Staatenverantwortlichkeit für Schäden an der biologischen Vielfalt

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 45 2018

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Fazit S. 467-494

„… , International Accountability for Transboundary Environmental Harm Revisited: What Role for State Liability? 37 …” „… (International Law Commission), Draft articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities …” „… Commission), Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising Out of Hazardous …”

Anwendung der allgemeinen Regeln der Staatenverantwortlichkeit auf Schäden an der biologischen Vielfalt S. 247-466

„… transboundary harm or at any event to minimize the risk thereof «, hierzu oben 2. Kapitel Abschnitt III 1 b …” „… on Prevention of Transboundary Harm, ILC Commentary zu Art. 3 Para. 1, ILC Yearbook 2001 II (2), S …” „… for Transboundary Air Pollution. 1046 Vgl. oben 1. Kapitel, Abschnitt II.8. 4. Kapitel: Anwendung …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… 1. Draft Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities 198 a …” „… 202 2. Draft Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising out of …”

Der Schaden an der biologischen Vielfalt im Völkerrecht S. 21-110

„… resulting in deleterious effects of such a nature as to endanger human health, harm living resources and …” „… Haftungsübereinkommen (Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements …” „… . 97 Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements …”

Bestehendes Umweltverantwortlichkeitsrecht S. 211-246

„… , International Responsibility for Environmental Harm, S. 3, 5. 906 Birnie/Boyle/Redgwell, International Law …” „… , International Responsibility for Environmental Harm, S. 3, 6. 910 Etwa Beyerlin, Umweltvölkerrecht, S. 232f …” „… « an, Okawa, State Responsibility for Transboundary Air Pollution, S. 31. 920 So zahlten die USA im …”

Staatenverantwortlichkeit und Staatenhaftung S. 111-210

„… , dolos oder schuldhaft verursacht worden sein muss. 485 Okawa, State Responsibility for Transboundary …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845295602

Norbert Pelzer - Europäisches Atomhaftungsrecht im Umbruch

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Norbert Pelzer (ed.)

Europäisches Atomhaftungsrecht im Umbruch

2010

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Patrick Reyners Liability Problems Associated with the Current Patchwork Nuclear Liability Regime within the EU Member States S. 93-104

„… for transboundary harm« it has recently (2006) adopted a set of Principles on the Allocation of Loss …” „… on the Case of Transboundary Harm Arising out of Hazardous Activities. Acknowledging the reticence …” „… is now inclined to accept that the »obligation to compensate for transboundary harm (should) lie …”

Eliana Danzi Some Reflections on the Exclusion of Nuclear Damage from the Scope of Application of the Environmental Liability Directive S. 191-212

„… occurs, transboundary impacts should be dealt with and, whether or not nuclear damage is included in the …” „… are likely to come into consideration in case transboundary damage occurs (for an accurate analysis of …” „… perception of the potentially huge transboundary negative impacts related with the peaceful use of nuclear …”

Florence Touitou-Durand The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage: A Solution for Europe? S. 257-274

„… transboundary damage 53. The second exception to the non-discrimination principle relates to the geographical …” „… Damage The convention provides a harmonized definition13 identical to the one adopted in the 1997 …” „… jurisdiction40. Furthermore, some degree of harmonization in the definition of nuclear damage is also required …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845222578

Constantin Teetzmann - Schutz vor Wissen?

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Constantin Teetzmann

Schutz vor Wissen?

Series: Studien zu Staat, Recht und Verwaltung

Volume 28 2020

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3. Teil: Bestehende Regelungen S. 467-601

„… für Dual-use-Güter, 1998, S. 166. 1799 ILC, Draft Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from …” „… . 1801 ILC, Draft articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities with …” „… (306 f). 1815 ILC, Draft articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities with …”

Quellenverzeichnis S. 703-785

„… / Sangbana, Komlan, Principle 19: Notification and Consultation on Activities with Transboundary Impact, in …” „… countermeasures to transboundary cyberharm, Columbia journal of transnational law 52 (2013), S. 275-324 …” „… . 538-550 Placani, Adriana, When the Risk of Harm Harms, Law and Philosophy 36 (2017), S. 77-100 Plagman …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748901341

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