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Nadia Klein - European Agents out of Control?

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Nadia Klein

European Agents out of Control?

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 2 2010

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External Representation S. 54-55

„… conceptualised as implying particularlyweak participation rights.External RepresentationA third function of …” „… crisis management agents refers to the external representation ofthe EU vis-à-vis third actors. Following …” „… the functional understanding of delegation,collective principals delegate powers of representation to …”

The European Commission S. 158-161

„… External representationGenerally, the High Representative for the CFSP externally represents the …” „… of delegated authority for external representation is considered to be moderate("0").Regarding the EU …” „… leads to the conclusion that the incumbentenjoyed an almost exclusive external representation …”

Operationalising vertical and horizontal control S. 55-63

„… ) concept of external representation with regard to third actors. He highlights that "[t]he representative …” „… mechanisms ofcontrol in the area of representation, because of the negative effects on the agent'scapacity to …” „… interests. Thus, this study applies a concept ofexternal representation in EU crisis management which …”

The Council General Secretariat S. 155-158

„… agent functions – agendamanagement, operational planning and management, external representation …” „… Brus-sels:shared repre-sentation re-sponsibilityfor the EU(togetherwith the EUPresidency)Low(-1) - - - - -Agenda …” „… moderate("0").157External representationGenerally, the High Representative for the CFSP externally …”

Operational planning and management S. 51-54

„… particularlyweak participation rights.External RepresentationA third function of crisis management agents refers to …” „… the external representation ofthe EU vis-à-vis third actors. Following the functional understanding of …” „… delegation,collective principals delegate powers of representation to an executive agent in orderto further their …”

Vertical control S. 161-164

„… representation function of the EUSR, the level of delegated authorityto the Head of Delegation is considered to …” „… level of delegated authority to the Commission with regard to the function of external representation is …” „… setting is also moderate ("0"). Despite its consistent representation in the structures of the Council …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… External Representation2.3.3 54Operationalising vertical and horizontal control2.4 55Empirical part3 64EU …” „… 156Operational planning and management 157External representation 158Overall assessment on the level …” „… and management 1609External representation 160Overall assessment on the level of delegated authority …”

Case study I: Delegation and agency in EU crisis management in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2001–2006) S. 117-140

„… public administration.246 In general, equitable representation and decentralisation were identi …” „… was involved with the external representation of CONCORDIA, heplayed a more complex role with regard …” „… atseveral occasions, the EUSR discussed sensitive issues – such as the representation ofethnic minorities in …”

Actors and instruments S. 67-80

„… Representations to the EU) as well as relevant experts from theEuropean Commission106 and the Council Secretariat …” „… , composed of national civil servants (mainly officials from the Permanent Representations of each EU member …” „… ) implementing joint actions and ECfinancing decisions (includes external representation), and (4) performance …”

List of Figures and Tables S. 11-12

„… management" 602.4 Table 5: Discretionary agent powers with regard to the function"External representation …”

The institutional set-up: Preferences S. 115-116

„… formulated and pursued a set of distinct preferences, including its representation in allcivilian and …”

Research design: Aims, hypotheses and proceeding S. 22-23

„… management (cf. chapter 2.3.2), and external representation(cf. chapter 2.3.3). Chapter two concludes with …”

Interim conclusion and review of the unitary-actor assumption S. 116-117

„… formulated and pursued a set of distinct preferences, including its representation in allcivilian and …”

Methodology S. 23-25

„… . chapter 2.3.1),operational planning and management (cf. chapter 2.3.2), and external representation …”

Conclusion S. 166-168

„… , operational planning and management as well as external representation. In line with the theoretical …”

The collective principal S. 31-34

„… ational planning and management, and external representation.26 These three functionsand related …”

Horizontal control: Conceptualising agent-agent relationships in EU crisis management S. 43-46

„… and (3) external representation. Thus, within specific policy phases, the agents act as agenda …”

Case study II: Delegation and agency in EU crisis management in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003–2008) S. 140-154

„… representation represents a serious obstacle for peopleof a mixed ethnic background to obtain certain posts in …” „… agent´s functions, the Council Secretariatbecame involved with external representation tasks as well as …”

Agenda management S. 46-51

„… planning and management and (3) external representation. Thus, within specific policy phases, the agents …”

A functional understanding of delegation S. 26-31

„… . Pollack 2003: 430).30ational planning and management, and external representation.26 These three …”

Bibliography S. 175-189

„… Bureaucracy. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Drieskens, Edith. 2007. EU Representation in the UN Security …”

Procedures S. 80-103

„… actions and ECfinancing decisions (includes external representation), and (4) performance evaluation(cf …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845222653

Marco Portmann - Parliamentary Representation of Citizens’ Preferences

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Marco Portmann

Parliamentary Representation of Citizens’ Preferences

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 15 2014

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Quantifying Parliamentary Representation of Constituents’ Preferences and Explaining Divergence S. 96-114

„… Quantifying Parliamentary Representation ofConstituents’ Preferences and Explaining …” „… Divergence*IntroductionUnderstanding how political representation works and whether politiciansreally do what their constituents want …” „… representation of constituents’ revealed preferences by comparing Swiss referendum results to a member …”

A Refined View on the Relationship Between District Magnitude and Representation S. 145-159

„… Representation*IntroductionElectoral systems shape the incentives of members of parliament regarding the way voter preferences are …” „… distinction between plurality and proportional representation determine the importance representatives attach …” „… forsingle-member districts, coordination failures among politicians and voters impair the representation of the …”

Using Referenda and Roll Call Votes as a Measure for Representation: Methodological Principles S. 25-78

„… Using Referenda and Roll Call Votes as a Measure forRepresentation: Methodological …” „… particular, the section shows howwe conceptualize representation as congruence between roll call votes …” „… remaining sections of this chapter presentthe basic political economic thinking about representation and …”

District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority’s Preferences: Evidence from Popular and Parliamentary Votes S. 115-144

„… District Magnitude and Representation of theMajority’s Preferences: Evidence from Popular …” „… andproportional representation may win elections by proposing policies forgroups at the boundaries of the …” „… . 2011). Moreover, for members of parliamentfrom districts with many seats, representation of their …”

Thesis Overview S. 15-24

„… Thesis OverviewIntroduction“Political representation is the activity of making citizens’ voices …” „… parliament(MPs) as “representatives of citizens,” representation is an elusive concept. To which “voices” do the …” „… represent materialize into actions relevant to those? How should we measure “representation?”Public choice …”

Representatives’ Majority Decisions: The law of Large Numbers S. 160-180

„… Representatives’ Majority Decisions: The law ofLarge Numbers*IntroductionPolitical representation …” „… ). Good systems of political representation align decisions made by parliamentary representatives with …” „… 2003 for overviews), as the issue of representation is central toboth disciplines. However, the …”

Bibliography S. 217-230

„… BibliographyAchen, Christopher H. 1977. “Measuring Representation: Perils of the …” „… representation.”Public Choice, 130(1–2): 137–62.Ai, Chunrong and Edward C. Norton. 2003. “Interaction Terms in logit and …” „… and Michael C. Herron. 2007. “Preference aggregation, representation, and elected American political …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie 15Marco PortmannParliamentary Representation of Citizens …” „… Representation of Citizens’ PreferencesNomosBUT_Portmann_1288-5.indd 3 15.04.14 08:351. Auflage 2014© Nomos …” „… Appendix Tables 14Thesis OverviewChapter 1 15Introduction1.1 15Representation of citizens’ preferences: a …”

Conclusion and Research Perspective S. 195-206

„… results in referenda reflect an important dimension of parliamentary representation.Chapter 5 advances …” „… Swiss NationalCouncil are elected in a system of proportional representation. On the onehand, theory …” „… still a large unexplained variance in the representation of majority preferences between the cantons and …”

A Comparative Analysis of the Voting Behavior of Constituents and Their Representatives for Public Debts S. 181-194

„… actual development of debtsmay also reflect the representation of citizens’ preferences. For …” „… representation of preferences for publicdebts.For this purpose, we analyze the results of eight budgetary …” „… congruencebetween legislators elected under proportional representation and voters’preferences is approximately 18.6 …”

Evaluating the Median Voter Model’s Explanatory Power S. 79-85

„… Only the representatives of the Canton of Jura are elected under proportional representation. Results …” „… political representation and under which circumstances the median voter effectively constrains politicians …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845253862

Gary J. Schmitt, William F. Connelly, Jr., John Pitney - Is Congress Broken?

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Gary J. Schmitt (ed.), William F. Connelly, Jr. (ed.), John Pitney (ed.)

Is Congress Broken?

2017

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Congressional Representation and Contemporary Critiques S. 37-56

„… states in favor of a unifi ed and central- CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION AND CRITIQUES 39ized government …” „… . CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION AND CRITIQUES 4142 BuschAlthough the Senate was not to be popularly elected, the …” „… Seventeenth Amendment has gained some support CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION AND CRITIQUES 4344 Buschwithin the …”

Index S. 243-258

„… ; and oversight, 117; and political realism, 200; and representation, 39, 42; and rules for Congress …” „… : on congressional reform, 5; on partisan system, 51; on representation, 39, 41, 44–45, 52; on …” „… ; reform recommendations, 181–85; and representation, 219; transformation of, 176–81; and transparency, 185 …”

Preface

„… Congress in the twenty-first century can once again fulfill its proper functions of rep-resentation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815730378

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Baldassare Scolari

State Martyr

Series: Media and Religion | Medien und Religion

Volume 2 2019

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2 A Discourse Analytical Approach to Political Violence S. 40-89

„… A Discourse Analytical Approach to Political Violence The Representation of Violence in the Context …” „… or writing, of certain forms of representation—the violence of a song, a novel or a poem—, of …” „… filled with representations of wars, battles, executions, public tortures and killings of all kinds …”

1 Introduction S. 15-39

„… Italian politician Aldo Moro in 1978. Focusing on practices of representation and memorialization of …” „… possibility of resistance through to the use of alternative, subversive forms of representation and …” „… process began in recent times, this model of an explicitly Christian representation of the event has been …”

8 How to Narrate and Represent Political Violence S. 363-382

„… , highlighting their heuristic value when it comes to analyzing representations of political violence. The second …” „… , that is: between hegemonic and subversive representations. It thereby topicalizes the open-ended …” „… and analyzed discursive practices as cultural practices of representation capable of producing …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… State Martyr Representation and Performativity of Political Violence Baldassare Scolari Media and …” „… _5761-9_epdf.indd 2 01.07.19 08:01 Representation and Performativity of Political Violence Baldassare …” „… Representation and Performativity of Political Violence Baldassare Scolari 417 pp. Includes bibliographic …”

5 Construction of a Willing Martyr S. 182-247

„… Construction of a Willing Martyr Opposing Narratives and Representations: Red Brigades Versus …” „… representation, glorification and celebration of both the political power and the legal system, of both the …” „… , which were experienced as both legal and legitimate. Martyrological representations produced by the …”

Bibliography S. 385-408

„… , Pierpaolo/ O’Leary, Alan (eds.), Imagining Terrorism: The Rhetoric and Representation of Political Violence …” „… Representation of Political Violence in Italy 1969–2009, Oxford: Legenda, 30–47. Arendt, Hannah, 1998 (1958), The …” „… Style. Representations of Political Violence in Contemporary Italian Cinema, London: Igrs Books. Glynn …”

3 Signatures of the Martyr Figure S. 90-130

„… martyrological representation has increased exponentially.29 Weigel describes martyrs as «media of ritual …” „… representation. In all four cases she analyzes, the community to which the agent of self-sacrifice belongs, tends …” „… representations as perlocutionary discursive practices through which the victim referred to is sacralized and its …”

7 Memorialization Practices and Memory Struggle S. 306-362

„… Teramo.10 As shown in the previous chapters, sacrificial and martyrological representations were widely …” „… years witnessing ever greater institutional representation» and that «the hierarchical importance of the …” „… the tragic representation of the event already widespread in 1978, by which Moro’s death is …”

6 Moro’s Voice and its Annihilation S. 248-305

„… Cottafavi, head of the UN’s representation for Europe in Geneva and UN Deputy Secretary-General, and that to …” „… , which was a sort of counterpart to the one that emerged after his death. In his representation of the …” „… had perfectly understood the mechanism of martyrological representation when he wrote that «in …”

4 Cultural, Social and Political Context of the Event of Political Violence S. 131-181

„… way than in Italy. Finally, martyrological representations had, from a strictly political point of …” „… fronts in this three-sided war. In fact, Fascist propaganda had its own martyrological representations …” „… representations of all kind.»76 Moro took the problem of terrorism with the utmost seriousness, since he largely …”

Register S. 411-417

„… 54 – political 15, 33, 41, 42, 91, 306 – representation 41, 44, 49, 372 – Resistance 164, 226 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845299372

Jessica Berg - Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata in Stone

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Jessica Berg

Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata in Stone

2022

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4. Comparable South Asian Narrative Representations S. 146-198

„… 4. Comparable South Asian Narrative RepresentationsLiterary sources have already been discussed as …” „… Representa tions of the Rāmāyaṇa4.1.1. Other Nepalese RepresentationsOnly two other comparable Nepalese …” „… Uttarakāṇḍa arenot includen but the (Cenna-)keśava's representationshave some unique representations …”

5. Conclusion S. 199

„… representationsof the epics in Nepal. A number of Rāmāyaṇa and Mahā-bhārata representations in stone are found in …” „… 5. ConclusionThe representations on the Kṛṣṇa Temple include a greatnumber of scenes which reveal …” „… foundexclusively in the later North Indian renderings. Regar-ding the Rāmāyaṇa representations, this is true for …”

3. The Narrative Friezes of the Kṛṣṇa Temple S. 35-145

„… the course of this, relations of the representations to different literary traditions will be pointed …” „… way of representation con-trasts with real frontal depictions (R.sc. 22 et al.) due to atwist of the …” „… ff.wrathful form.168 Numerous representations of Bhīma ripping open Duḥśāsana's chest and pulling out his …”

2. The Significance of the Kṛṣṇa Temple S. 9-34

„… representations are availableonly of Trivikrama/Vikrānta (associated with the Vā-manāvatāra), Varāha …” „… Nara-siṃha stele to the 14th century CE.86 Though compara-tively late, this is also a dynamic representation …” „… corner ones each with three grif-fins. The brackets have representations of Śiva, varyingin detail (Pl …”

1. Introduction S. 7-8

„… population. However, comparable Nepalese representations simply don't exist. The narrative …” „… representations of the Rāmāya-ṇa and the Mahābhārata on the Kṛṣṇa Temple at Pāṭan are the only ones of their kind …” „… the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Therefore, relations between the Nepalese representations …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… . Comparable South Asian Narrative Representations............................................1464.1. Narrative …” „… Representations of the Rāmāyaṇa............................................................1464.1.1. Other …” „… Nepalese Representations......................................................................1464.1.2 …”

Bibliography S. 204-206

„… représentations épiques, l'enfance de Kṛṣṇa et autres mythes puraniques dans les temples hoysaḷa (XIIe-XIIIe …” „… (1973).Sinha, B.P., Representation of Rāmāyaṇic Scenes in an old Temple at Aphsad, in: The Journal of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956509322

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