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Jonas Frank - Decentralization in Ecuador

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Jonas Frank

Decentralization in Ecuador

2007

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Majority Decisions S. 296

„… 2964.3. Majority DecisionsOne of the most interesting aspects to study is the role played by …” „… arenas increase, voting as a decision rule will become less dominant.4.4. Hierarchical DecisionsThe …” „… Andino. The question that arises concerns the decision-making powers that these new arenas will have …”

Hierarchical Decisions S. 296

„… 2964.3. Majority DecisionsOne of the most interesting aspects to study is the role played by …” „… arenas increase, voting as a decision rule will become less dominant.4.4. Hierarchical DecisionsThe …” „… Andino. The question that arises concerns the decision-making powers that these new arenas will have …”

Non-Cooperation and Unilateral Decisions: Threats to Secession? S. 293-294

„… least not when dealing with it in isolation from other reforms.4. Decision RulesIn Ecuador, the …” „… decision rules that are relevant: (i) unilateral decisions, (ii) bargaining, (iii) majority decisions, and …” „… (iv) hierarchical decisions.4.1. Non-Cooperation and Unilateral Decisions: Threats to Secession?Since …”

Collective- Choice Level S. 76-99

„… ) Non-coordination and Unilateral DecisionsIn 1990, Russia’s Karelia and Tartastan regions declared themselves a …” „… reaching collectively superior outcomes.(iii) Majority DecisionsWhy have legislatures in Ecuador and Peru …” „… , among others. • Decision rules relate to the institutions under which actors convene and enact …”

Bargaining: New Incentives for the Veto-Players? S. 294-296

„… J_Frank_Layout.indd 29 27.06.2007 18:02:3927.06.2007 18:02:32964.3. Majority DecisionsOne of the most …” „… , voting as a decision rule will become less dominant.4.4. Hierarchical DecisionsThe hierarchical decisions …” „… undermined unilateral decision-making.4.2. Bargaining: New Incentives for the Veto-Players?In Ecuador, as in …”

Veto-Players and Implementation S. 296-297

„… 2964.3. Majority DecisionsOne of the most interesting aspects to study is the role played by …” „… arenas increase, voting as a decision rule will become less dominant.4.4. Hierarchical DecisionsThe …” „… Andino. The question that arises concerns the decision-making powers that these new arenas will have …”

Globalization and Localization S. 51-55

„… participation in the decision-making process and democratization; (ii) local governments exert pressure on the …” „… cient decision-making power, responsibilities and fi nancial resources, this change in local …” „… fact that networks of private and public actors in which decisions are adopted provide too low a level …”

Distrust between Actors and the “Tragedy of the Commons:” Excessive Earmarking S. 292-293

„… least not when dealing with it in isolation from other reforms.4. Decision RulesIn Ecuador, the …” „… decision rules that are relevant: (i) unilateral decisions, (ii) bargaining, (iii) majority decisions, and …” „… (iv) hierarchical decisions.4.1. Non-Cooperation and Unilateral Decisions: Threats to Secession?Since …”

Social and Cultural Theories S. 55-59

„… domestic decision. Thus, the considerable power interpreted in organizations like the IMF, World Bank, and …” „… options. But many decisions, even those that have an international outreach, still have to be made within …” „… decisions on society, or whether society itself creates the institutional framework, substituting for the …”

The Explanatory Framework and its Principal Elements S. 65-72

„… institutions – entry and exit rules, position rules, interaction rules, decision rules and implementation rules …” „… information.”DECISION RULES:Assumption 4: “Decentralization becomes more likely when actors enact reform unilaterally …” „… hierarchical leaders enact reform by imposing decisions on other actors.”IMPLEMENTATION RULES:Assumption 8 …”

Entry and Exit Rules S. 280-283

„… . Some decision rules grant veto-powers to actors and thus provide limited opportunities to redistribute …” „… decision-making autonomy as to the level they wish to participate and insert themselves on a supranational level.I …” „… agents into the domestic decision-making arena could provide a potential solution to the most pressing …”

Individual Actor-Level S. 72-76

„… competitiveness. Regionalist movements expect autonomous decision-making and indigenous people seek cultural …” „… actors, they have different rules that regulate how action, purposes, resources and decisions are shared …” „… OrganizationResources Individual Individual Collective Individual Collective OrganizationDecisions Individual Agreement …”

Conclusion S. 135-137

„… assumptions regarding entry/exit rules, position rules, and decision rules as outlined in the explanatory …” „… the center. Given the sovereign decisions of individual regions to form a Republic, the question was …” „… assumption of the explanatory framework regarding the majority decision rule: in Ecuador decentralization …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… .............................................................................. 802.3.4. Decision Rules …” „… ............................................................................... 2924. Decision Rules …” „… ................................................................................................... 2934.1. Non-Cooperation and Unilateral Decisions: Threats to Secession? .......... 2934.2. Bargaining …”

Determinism S. 59-63

„… bargaining and decision-making process. There is no reference whatsoever to the political background of …” „… missing link with political decisions that facilitate and explain decentralization. Taken together, these …” „… decision-making processes through rationing, procurement and contractual functions24 (Borja 1988, p.27; Rondinelli …”

Summary S. 19-26

„… decision-making patterns, but why others have had a history of stalled and failed attempts at decentralization. In …” „… information as well as trust and distrust. (iv) Decision rules are the institutions to enact decentralization …” „… ), majority or hierarchical decisions. (v) Implementation rules determine all those actions that are needed to …”

Conclusion S. 63-65

„… 63First, human actors as decision-makers are largely excluded from its analysis. With its exclusive …” „… decision-making autonomy; or that they have options “to exit” the decentralization process.Secondly, as in the …” „… not been subject to systematic analysis. Decision-making is a complex process during which different …”

Public Choice S. 39-44

„… public sector, on fi scal decisions or service delivery, I will discuss research that has been conducted …” „… how it processes and transforms social and regional demands into binding decisions should also be …” „… (Colombia). The decisions that were adopted were often made outside of the traditional arenas of …”

The Sub-game and Equilibrium among Municipalities and Provincial Councils S. 237-248

„… role as arbitrator and brought about a fi nal decision. Though they were joined by the other important …” „… they had to accept the decision of a single actor. Symptomatic of this new equilibrium was the creation …” „… brought about the decision to hold back “provincial autonomy.”16 Refer to my comments in the previous …”

Conclusion S. 157-161

„… decision-making. By undermining political competition, this gave the military leeway to pursue their own goals of …” „… military were not able to simply impose decisions on local elites. Municipalities and provincial councils …” „… administered more than 1,500 local taxes. In addition to providing evidence for purely hierarchical decision …”

The “How” of Decentralization S. 104-108

„… theories predict that there will be a trend towards global and local decision-making, how will future …” „… research is quite different. I will focus attention on several arenas of decision-making. Decentralization …” „… incentives that can lead to a new equilibrium. By adjusting entry/exit, position, interaction, decision and …”

The “Why” and the “How” of Decentralization S. 27-30

„… imperfect indicator for measuring the degree of local decision-making autonomy, today in Latin America …” „… : they fail to explain why some countries not only have radically altered decision-making patterns, but …” „… conceals signifi cant consequences of decentralization as a result of earlier decisions, and they may only …”

Sub-game and Equilibrium between Sub-national and Central Government S. 248-263

„… redefi ned and many local politicians engaged in non-cooperative behavior (decision rules).National …” „… is the principal risk underlying bargains as unanimous decisions: all actors can agree to introduce …” „… decision:• The PSC did not compete either in the 1998 or in the 2003 presidential elections. • Instead, it …”

Crisis Theories S. 44-51

„… institutionalized rules for decision-making. Political decentralization aimed at the election of mayors and regional …” „… on introducing new rules for decision-making were erroneously based on the belief that …” „… , where, as long as leftist violence did not decline, most expenditure decisions were made centrally …”

Actors, Incentives and the Sequencing of Decentralization S. 99-103

„… decisions in more than one collective-choice arena. They must be sequenced in a way that increases the …” „… the timing and the sequence of reform become important tactical decisions, creating the conditions …” „… . Facing powerful veto-players, the reformer must make a tactical decision in order to persuade the …”

Introduction S. 27

„… imperfect indicator for measuring the degree of local decision-making autonomy, today in Latin America …” „… : they fail to explain why some countries not only have radically altered decision-making patterns, but …”

Assessment and Outlook S. 300-302

„… adjusting position, interaction and decision rules it may be possible to play out actors, not only on paper …” „… , and even then reformers had astonishingly little room to maneuver. Decisions have also often led to …”

The New Role for Guayas Province S. 213-222

„… and Decentralization ArenasStakeholders in Guayas made a number of strategic decisions that put them …” „… However, this decision can be defended on the grounds that previous mayors (Abdalá Bucaram and Elsa …” „… formalized a decision he had taken before. Political leaders in a single province were able to isolate twenty …”

Distributional Coalition: Games Played between Mayors, Prefects and Legislators S. 286-287

„… intergovernmental coordination.Likewise, in the process towards global and local decision-making, the national level …” „… are often struck outside the formal arenas of decision-making. Because the president is politically …”

Actors, Institutions, and Incentives for Decentralization: Experiencing Real-Life Games S. 31-33

„… citizens were suddenly given the option to offi cially participate in public decision-making set the whole …” „… importantly, the way they participated in decision-making.Of course, I still had much to learn about the …”

Conclusion S. 233-237

„… decisions: decentralization is less likely when there is a high number of veto actors.Such veto-players …” „… for more “autonomy” (autonomía), a symbol deeply rooted in history. Strategic decisions made by …”

Conclusion S. 184-187

„… as Febres Cordero who yielded towards and were sympathetic to sustaining hierarchical decision …” „… regarding majority decision rules. Other regions were able to free-ride on the bargaining efforts of the …”

The “Why” of Decentralization: Actors and Incentives S. 269-272

„… that they used to infl uence the policy process. • Decision rules: there was a majority of …” „… not important or had no infl uence on actors and decisions. They were, however, the most important in …”

Consolidation of the Arena of Hierarchy: 1972-1978 S. 142-157

„… government, they were able to judge which group would get what share of oil. They made a series of decisions …” „… collective decision-making. By undermining political competition, this gave the military leeway to pursue …” „… authority.However, the military were not able to simply impose decisions on local elites. Municipalities and …”

The Return to the Previous Regional Equilibrium: 1948-1963 S. 127-135

„… assumptions regarding entry/exit rules, position rules, and decision rules as outlined in the explanatory …” „… the center. Given the sovereign decisions of individual regions to form a Republic, the question was …” „… assumption of the explanatory framework regarding the majority decision rule: in Ecuador decentralization …”

Bibliography S. 303-327

„… Deville. 1985. Man, Decisions, Society. The Theory of Actor-System Dynamics for Social Scientists, New …” „… Techniques and the Comparison of Policy Networks: Economic Decision Making in Leeds and Lille,” in Comparing …” „… Economy of Institutions and Decisions Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Molm, Linda D …”

Institutions in a Newly Democratizing Unitary State S. 161-172

„… to infl uence decision-making in the Senate and then spread further resistance (Cornelius 1999 …” „… : “Nosotros cuatro tomamos todas las decisiones. No discutimos los problemas con nadie más, ni consultamos a …” „… tried to bypass the Executive, which implied striking deals outside the formal arenas of decision …”

Weak Enforcement of Sanctions S. 300

„… adjusting position, interaction and decision rules it may be possible to play out actors, not only on paper …”

The “Why” of Decentralization S. 103-104

„… theories predict that there will be a trend towards global and local decision-making, how will future …”

Threat to the Equilibrium: Return to Democratic Rule 1967-1972 S. 141-142

„… what share of oil. They made a series of decisions about which allies to cultivate and which to …”

“Pugna de Poderes:” Games Played between Presidents and Legislators S. 287-288

„… the formal arenas of decision-making. Because the president is politically weak vis-à-vis Congress, he …”

Blurred Position Rules across Levels of Government S. 285-286

„… process towards global and local decision-making, the national level (the executive and the legislative …”

Weak Budget Constraints and Fiscal Responsibility S. 299-300

„… responsibility, the key institutions would need to be realigned: by adjusting position, interaction and decision …”

Indigenous People S. 231-233

„… the explanatory framework regarding bargains and unanimous decisions: decentralization is less likely …”

Actors, Interests, and Decentralization Outcomes 1979-1987 S. 172-184

„… that, as a form of functional decentralization, the President retained full control on decision …” „… provincial legislators necessarily opposed this decision. They had control rights in autonomous agencies …”

Figures and Tables S. 13-16

„… : Unilateral decision-making on local levels (February-May 1984) .............XXXTable B.3.13: Abdalá Bucaram’s …”

Highly Asymmetric Fiscal Capacity across Regions S. 283-285

„… the US dollar as the domestic currency in 2000 implied not only a loss of monetary decision …”

Emergence of a Decentralized State: 1830-1924 S. 110-125

„… is no wonder. Given the fact that Ecuador emerged due to sovereign decisions of individual regions …” „… decisions. In 1847, municipalities were eliminated altogether but later reintroduced. The Constitution of …”

Reform Attempts S. 192-206

„… were given to municipalities and provincial councils directly. What has infl uenced this decision were …” „… centralist in decision-making and in the management of resources. But the spatial distribution of public …”

Actors, Interests, and the Collective Choice Arena S. 209-213

„… Council CONAM), or because of a unilateral decision among legislators (Congressional Decentralization …”

Centralization in an Arena of Hierarchy: 1964-1966 S. 137-141

„… enforce hierarchical decisions. Even though local politicians were appointed, they were mostly civilians …”

The Reform Coalition and the Collective Choice Arena S. 187-192

„… not only controlled (i) position and (ii) decision rules; more importantly, it was able to defi ne …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203904

Alexandra Sakaki, Hanns W. Maull, Kerstin Lukner - Reluctant Warriors

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Alexandra Sakaki, Hanns W. Maull, Kerstin Lukner

Reluctant Warriors

2019

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Intervention Decisions: Contested Legitimacy S. 91-130

„… 914Intervention DecisionsContested LegitimacyThe legitimacy of military intervention is contested …” „… governments to ponder their decisions on (non- )intervention by weighing the objections of their skeptical …” „… decisions to the United States and other international partners. This chapter explains why anti- militarist …”

Conclusion: Still Reluctant Warriors? S. 177-208

„… implementation of government decisions.Sakaki-Maull-Lukner-Krauss-Berger_Reluctant Warriors_ab_i-xiv_1-280.indd …” „… robust actions were followed by far more restrained decisions of prime ministers not only from the DPJ …” „… time, Germany had considerable influence over NATO policies, such as the double- track decision of 1979 …”

Index S. 267-0

„… strategy of, 87; and intervention decisions, 125–26; and military security policy reforms, 85–89, 181, 200 …” „… ; intervention decisions for war in, 103–04, 106–15, 120, 122, 128; Japan’s support for intervention in, 181; and …” „… ; and intervention decisions, 94–95; Japan’s exposure to, 193; and post-Cold War geostrategic …”

Appendix S. 209-226

„… )• Civilian mission • No parliamentary man-date needed; cabinet decision, April 1, 1994Kohl IVCDU/CSU + FDP …” „… Constitu-tional Court decision from 1994Kohl IVCDU/CSU + FDP• Separation of confl ict parties• Prevent new …” „… . 1990–Sept. 1991up to 500• Cabinet decision, Aug. 10, 1990; March 6, 1991 (Persian Gulf operation …”

Arms Export Policies: Fragile Legitimacy S. 131-176

„… policy decisions indicate a common trend. Since the mid- to late 2000s, both countries have accelerated …” „… ’ and the buyers’ sides. For example, disclosing details about deliberations on export decisions might …” „… arms export decisions are thus circumscribed by a lack of transparency.6 By comparison, troop …”

The Post-Cold War Era: Geostrategic Environment and Domestic Politics S. 45-90

„… decision by the new government to supply weap-ons to the Kurdish Peshmerga battling Islamic State forces in …” „… support for the NATO double- track decision of 1979. Skepti-cism toward the use of force also resonated …” „… , and even the FDP, specific decisions relating to the use of force were contested whenever any of those …”

Introduction S. 1-18

„… , policymakers in both countries thus have been under significant pressure to legitimize decisions for military …” „… should do as “good allies.” Security policy decisions taken in Berlin and Tokyo, and the resulting …” „… interventions. Chapter 4 analyzes specific German and Japanese intervention deci-sions, showing how policymakers …”

Preface

„… War Era 45 Geostrategic Environment and Domestic Politics4 Intervention Decisions 91 Contested …” „… , which eventually led to our decision to submit our manuscript there. We also acknowledge and thank …”

Notes S. 227-266

„… Shimbun, February 18, 1981. 64. “ ‘Buki’ 13 nichi made ni ketsuron” [Decision to Be Made on “Arms” by the …” „… Warriors_ab_i-xiv_1-280.indd 258 9/17/19 1:51 PM259Notes to Pages 158–60decision based on Paragraph 7 of the War …” „… Weapons Control Act. On the export deci-sions, see Martin Greive, “Deutschland liefert Panzer und Boote in …”

The Cold War Era: Geostrategic Environment and Domestic Politics S. 19-44

„… amendment.19 However, before the court could make a final decision on the case, Adenauer won a sweeping …” „… more national course” in Germany’s foreign policy.44 West Germany’s decision to sign the Treaty of …” „… simultaneously match-ing the Soviet buildup of these missiles. This formed the basis of a 1979 NATO decision that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815737377

Jan-Philipp Günther, Eric Hilgendorf - Robotik und Gesetzgebung

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Jan-Philipp Günther (ed.), Eric Hilgendorf (ed.)

Robotik und Gesetzgebung

Series: Robotik, Künstliche Intelligenz und Recht

Volume 2 2013

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Edoardo Datteri, Guglielmo Tamburrini Robotic Weapons and Democratic Decision-Making S. 211-231

„… Robotic Weapons and Democratic Decision-Making Edoardo Datteri, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy …” „… issues concerning decision-making processes about present and prospective uses of robotic weapons. First …” „… , we analyze the 2011 presidential decision to go on with US military operations in Libya past the …”

Noel Sharkey The proliferation of robot technology: autonomy and legal prohibition S. 231-239

„… , cannot reason appropriately or make proportionality decisions. This paper examines the proliferation of …” „… allowing robots to make decisions about the use of lethal force could breach both the principle of …” „… and civilians or to make proportionality decisions. Under the principle of distinction, only …”

Elbert R. de Jong Regulating Uncertain Risks in an Innovative Society: A Liability Law Perspective S. 163-183

„… much). In order to do so, among other things, a decision has to be made about the acceptability of a …” „… , 1998, pp. 15- 44. 10 Van Asselt, Perspectives on Uncertainty and Risk: The PRIMA approach to decision …” „… robots that are able to interact with their environment and to make autonomic decisions.23 For example …”

Jan C. Joerden Strafrechtliche Perspektiven der Robotik S. 195-211

„… . Kommentar, 2011, § 15, Rn. 39ff. 209 Robotic Weapons and Democratic Decision-Making Edoardo Datteri …” „… examine here less explored ELS issues concerning decision-making processes about present and prospective …” „… uses of robotic weapons. First, we analyze the 2011 presidential decision to go on with US military …”

Hironori Matsuzaki When Robots Meet Society – Risk Issues and Legal Constraints in Japan S. 345-377

„… decision. Shortly afterwards, 28th April 2011, the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) announced that it …” „… human counterpart. One of the main legal concerns about NGRs is then how to identify a decision maker …” „… make independent decisions and work unsupervised on site, there will be urgent needs for a clear path …”

Dieter Birnbacher Ethik und Robotik – Wie weit trägt die Analogie der Tierethik? S. 263-321

„… the non-neural body, like overt speech or movement. In addition, her decision to cooperate by …” „… possibility is not excluded that factors, on which the decision to veto (control) is based, do develop by …” „… unconscious processes that precede the veto. However, the conscious decision to veto could still be made …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Robotic Weapons and Democratic Decision-Making 211 Edoardo Datteri; Guglielmo Tamburrini The …”

Amos Albert, Bernd Müller Herausforderungen und Perspektiven für Märkte im Bereich kognitiver und robotischer Systeme S. 29-51

„… innerhalb der nächsten Jahre. 11 Kahneman/Tversky, Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk …” „… ). Kahneman, D./Tversky, A., Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk, Econometrica, Vol. 47, No …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242200

Chris Heasley, Robert Palestini - Untangling Leadership

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Chris Heasley, Robert Palestini

Untangling Leadership

2022

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Effective Decision-Making S. 43-56

doi.org/10.5771/9781475861457

Jörg Philipp Terhechte - OPEC und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht

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Jörg Philipp Terhechte

OPEC und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht

2008

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Decision-Making and Dispute Settlement S. 106

„… . Decision-Making and Dispute SettlementEach OPEC Member State has one vote, and all decisions other than on …” „… . The OPEC Statute contains no rules concerning the settlement of disputes, except for a decision by the …”

Application by the European Commission S. 121-122

„… European Commission The EU Commission may first consider a decision in accordance with Art. 7 (1)Reg …” „… K. SummaryAnother crucial issue is the enforcement of the EU Commission’s decisions. According to …” „… Art. 256 ECT, decisions of the Commission are not enforced by the EUitself but by its Member States …”

The Ban on Cartels in Art. 81 ECT S. 111-116

„… , decisions by associations of undertakings, and concerted practices that may affect trade betweenMember …” „… these rules to states, as long as they are engaged in economicactivity as set forth in court decisions …” „… to this opinion. 321 This can be seen e.g. in the decision of the Commission about restrictive …”

Political Consequences S. 122-123

„… 122 K. SummaryAnother crucial issue is the enforcement of the EU Commission’s decisions. According …” „… to Art. 256 ECT, decisions of the Commission are not enforced by the EUitself but by its Member …” „… it is possible to enforce a decision of the EU Commissionagainst OPEC in general. One difficulty lies …”

OPEC Statute S. 133-149

„… accordance with this Statute.Article 4If, as a result of the application of any decision of the Organization …” „… interested company or companieswith the intention of discouraging the application of the decision of the …” „… Conference.C. Each Full Member Country shall have one vote. All decisions of the Conference,other than on …”

Application to OPEC or its Members? S. 110-111

„… States (as undertakings) as well as national oil companies (asundertakings) in a decision according to …” „… Cartels in Art. 81 ECT Art. 81 (1) ECT prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by …” „… states, as long as they are engaged in economicactivity as set forth in court decisions.320 This applies …”

Aims and Organization S. 105-106

„… General as well as OPEC’s Auditor.302 3. Decision-Making and Dispute SettlementEach OPEC Member State has …” „… one vote, and all decisions other than on proceduralmatters require unanimous agreement. In case a …” „… concerning the settlement of disputes, except for a decision by the Board of Governors that the continued …”

Perspectives S. 106-107

„… . Decision-Making and Dispute SettlementEach OPEC Member State has one vote, and all decisions other than on …” „… . The OPEC Statute contains no rules concerning the settlement of disputes, except for a decision by the …”

Fazit S. 88-89

„… considerations. A decision to bringan antitrust case against OPEC would involve not only, and perhaps not even …” „… and selling restrictions on myriad products. Consequently, any decision to undertake such a challenge …”

The NOPEC Legislation of 2007 S. 120-121

„… avoid a decision aswell as a denial of the previous court rulings, as they were not even taken …” „… . Application by the European Commission The EU Commission may first consider a decision in accordance with Art …”

The Role of European Competition Law S. 103-104

„… , Case COMP/36.212, OJ 2004 L 115/1.287 Commission Decision Case COMP IV – M 2220, OJ 2004 L 48/1.288 For …” „… Polypropylene Decision could not have had an anti-competitive object,it must be pointed out that, even if …”

Previous Cases S. 118-120

„… person or by a decision of the EU Commission.338 See below p. 120.339 International Ass’n of Machinists …” „… decision aswell as a denial of the previous court rulings, as they were not even taken intoconsideration …”

OPEC and European Competition Law S. 124

„… is a political decision whether or not the cartel approach is going to prevail.X. Conclusions1. OPEC …”

Conclusions S. 121

„… European Commission The EU Commission may first consider a decision in accordance with Art. 7 (1)Reg …”

Alternatives S. 124-125

„… is a political decision whether or not the cartel approach is going to prevail.X. Conclusions1. OPEC …”

Alternative Approaches S. 123-124

„… is a political decision whether or not the cartel approach is going to prevail.X. Conclusions1. OPEC …”

Fragmentation of International Economic Law S. 102-103

„… , Case COMP/36.212, OJ 2004 L 115/1.287 Commission Decision Case COMP IV – M 2220, OJ 2004 L 48/1.288 For …”

The Concept of Cartels in General S. 109-110

„… national oil companies (asundertakings) in a decision according to Art. 7 Reg. 1/2003. The ECJ has not …”

General Remarks S. 104-105

„… involved, the agreements and concerted practices whichpresented the subject of the Polypropylene Decision …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… . Decision-Making and Dispute Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064. Perspectives …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207278

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