„… himself, as by papal authority.5 This was Thomas de Sancto Germano, an Italian (it may be assumed) who …” „… by his own authority (except insofar as he already created them, in his right as duke of Aquitaine …” „… sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; it is nevertheless a work of the same level of authority as Cheney’s …”

„… . 1.2 Authority of notaries Medieval notaries in Scotland, as elsewhere, operated either by imperial or …” „… practical terms, few if any notaries styled themselves ‘notaries by royal authority’ after 1469. As …” „… apostolic authority. Concerned as it was with the king’s prerogative vis-à-vis the emperor, the 1469 Act …”

„… precedents, however, are as a rule not end-neutral.16 The question then is how to accommodate the normative …” „… recognises as law every command that issues from the competent controlling authority. That authority is …” „… pragmatic direction.162 This rejection of precedents and scholarly history as guides to legal reasoning is …”

„… resigned earlier from her position as a judge of the Constitutional Tribunal. Here we have a precedent …” „… Sejm of the seventh term of office should look up to. The precedent is important, as it is directly …” „… , administrative courts and military courts as well as tribunals. Tribunals are courts with specific competences …”

„… oversteps what the Contracting Party havegranted as jurisdictional authority (→ Art. 8.18 mn. 7). For …” „… by the arbitral tribunal, the institution or byan appointing authority.Consent to the settlement of …” „… assistance. Theviews expressed in this commentary, as well as any inaccuracies, are the author’s own.566 Lars …”

„… carried out in the exercise ofgovernmental authority 8.1 11 ff., 8.2 90 ff.Adjudication 8.25 50 …” „… – domestic law as a matter of fact 8.31 60 f.– domestic law, definition, European Unionlaw as domestic law …” „… manifestly without legal merit– appeal proceedings 8.32 37 ff.– applicant 8.32 13– claims unfounded as a …”

„… on the same basis as provided for in paragraph 2.4. The Members of the Tribunal shall possess the …” „… be filled as theyarise. A person appointed to replace a Member of the Tribunal whose term of of-fice …” „… Secretariat shall act as Secretariat for the Tribunal and provide itwith appropriate support.17. If the CETA …”

„… established under CETA.129 As a consequence, consultation isa condition precedent to the submission of a claim …” „… State Au-thority’, 18 June 2020; Frauke Nitschke, ‘The IBA’s Investor-State Mediation Rules and the …” „… ), 457; Herman Verbist, ‘Mediation as an Alternative Method to Settle Investor-State Disputes’, inJulien …”

„… binding precedent or stare decisis’, Reinisch, ‘The Use and Limits of Res Judicata and LisPendens as …” „… pursuant to Article 8.23.2(a),a final award issued pursuant to this Section shall qualify as an award …” „… ; Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler and Michele Potestà (2016) Can the Mauritius ConventionServe as a Model for the …”

„… center of the dispute arises from a Canadianprovincial authority.However, on the reverse, when the …” „… investment,or(b) Section D, where the investor claims to have suffered loss or damage as aresult of the alleged …” „… and the investor has, as a result,incurred loss or damage with respect to the covered investment.3 …”

„… undertake expropriation ofassets.Activities Seen as Exercise of Governmental AuthorityInvestor-state …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14a) Activities Seen as Exercise of Governmental Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25b …” „… ) Activities not Seen as Exercise of Governmental Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . 34c) Understanding of the …”

„… criteria, as appropriate, to determine fair marketvalue.3. The compensation shall also include interest at …” „… investment, bya judicial or other independent authority of that Party, in accordance with theprinciples set …” „… Publications, New York 1997); Carlos Correa and Jorge Viñuales, ‘IntellectualProperty Rights as Protected …”

„… corporation wouldacquire status as independent actors on the international stage. For decades the …” „… proceduralincapacity of non-State entities was proclaimed as an article of faith. Today that incapacityis scarcely …” „… moderner Staaten ausüben.„Unlike contracts, international investment law can thus be understood as serving …”

„… Research Paper No. 124(2007).Bjorklund, Andrea, Investment Treaty Arbitral Decisions as Jurisprudence …” „… Law?, 9 Chi. J. Int'l L. (2008-2009), 471.Brown, C., The Protection of Legitimate Expectations as a …” „… and Prospects (Leiden, 1991).Cheng, Bin, Precedent and Control in Investment Treaty Arbitration, in …”

„… exceed the limited capacity and the fragile authority of theWTO dispute resolution tribunals. Struggle as …” „… benefits to Members [of the WTO] which are meant to flow as a result of the acceptance2.786 Griebel, Lehren …” „… ) ‘Dispute Settlement Procedures’ (DSU).242Agreement and the covered agreements as they currently exist, to …”

„… Adjudicatory Authority: Most-Favoured-Nation Clauses as a Basis of Jurisdiction—A Reply to Zachary Douglas …” „… ); Schill, Allocating AdjudicatoryAuthority: Most-Favoured-Nation Clauses as a Basis of Jurisdiction—A Reply …” „… it as a defense againstthe investor, should such investors attempt to raise those claims again.”273 …”

„… authority of the state as the source from which such rights spring.“ 599599 Koskenniemi, The Future of …” „… 's International Law, (1992), Vol 1 Band 2-4, 932 [„(…) a degreeof discrimination in the treatment of aliens as …” „… Meistbegünstigung, a.a.O., 1326 [„Nonwithstanding such force as the general principle of non-discrimination might …”

„… recognized as an autonomous agent in the international system, capable of interacting with other states and …” „… definition which is generally referred to asWestphalian sovereignty, in my view a total misnomer, which …” „… refers to the notion that stateshave the right to autonomously determine their own domestic authority …”