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Lea Katharina Kumkar - Online-Märkte und Wettbewerbsrecht

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Lea Katharina Kumkar

Online-Märkte und Wettbewerbsrecht

Series: Schriften zum Medien- und Informationsrecht

Volume 25 2017

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 387-406

„… , Kenneth S., The Effects of Platform MFN on Competition and Entry, Journal of Law and Economics (J Law Econ …” „… Raised by Global Internet Economy, in: Evans, David S. (Hrsg.), Platform Economics: Essays on Multi-Sided …” „… / papers.cfm?abstract_id=1974020) Evans, David S., Governing Bad Behaviour by Users of Multi-sided Platforms, Berkeley …”

Einleitung S. 27-37

„… der Plattform erhalten und vom gefestigten Vertrauen der Kunden in die Plattform profitieren. Platform …” „… - Ökonomie, 2. Aufl. 2013, S. 218. 6 Vgl. OECD, Summary of Discussion on the Hearing on Across-Platforms …” „… für dieses Phänomen den Begriff der Platform Revolution geprägt. Ihrer Ansicht zufolge handelt es …”

Resümee S. 380-386

„… Resümee Die als Platform Revolution bezeichnete sprunghafte Zunahme plattformbasierter …” „… diskutieren plattformübergreifenden Meistbegünstigungsklauseln (Across Platform Parity Agreement) befasst. Die …” „… Gesamtentwicklungen der Platform Revolution Für eine sach- und interessensgerechte Beantwortung sämtlicher …”

Erstes Kapitel: Grundlagen des Plattformwettbewerbs S. 38-73

„… , Antitrust Issues Raised by Global Internet Economy, in: Evans (Hrsg.), Platform Economics, 2011, S. 266 …” „… Two-sided Market, des zweiseitigen Marktes (auch Two-sided oder Multi-sided Platform61), das seit mehr als …” „… Handelsplattformen untersuchen Hagiu/Wright, HBS Working Paper: Multi-Sided Platforms, 2015. 65 Mit diesem Ergebnis …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… Online-Märkte und Wettbewerbsrecht Lea Katharina Kumkar Implikationen der Platform Revolution …” „… der Platform Revolution für das EU-Vertriebskartellrecht Nomos BUT_Kumkar_4123-6.indd 3 10.07.17 …” „… Abkürzungsverzeichnis 23 Einleitung 27 Platform Revolution – von der Pipeline zur PlattformA. 28 Platform Revolution …”

Drittes Kapitel: Vertikalbeschränkungen im Plattform-Nutzer-Verhältnis S. 136-252

„… Restraints for Multi-Sided Platforms, 2013. 443 Siehe Evans/Schmalensee, Competition Pol’y Int’l 2007, 151 …” „… , Economics of Vertical Restraints for Multi-Sided Platforms, 2013, S. 9, 19 ff. B. Erscheinungsformen und …” „… , Economics of Vertical Restraints for Multi-Sided Platforms, 2013, S. 10 f. 452 Hierzu bereits Kap. 1.B.V.1.b …”

Zweites Kapitel: Märkte und Marktmacht in der Internet- und Plattformökonomie S. 74-135

Viertes Kapitel: Plattformverbote S. 253-379

doi.org/10.5771/9783845284323

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Tim Christiaens

Digital Working Lives

2022

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Chapter 8 Toward Convivial Platform Labor S. 135-152

„… 135Chapter 8Toward Convivial Platform LaborOur present problem is taking the conditions of …” „… centralized authority. With the invention of digital platforms, people would even acquire the quasi-divine …” „… emergence of a precarious digital gig economy. Privately owned platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, or TaskRabbit …”

Chapter 4 Alienation in the Platform Economy S. 59-74

„… 59Chapter 4Alienation in the Platform EconomyI am selling my smile for a five-star rating.—Freddy …” „… , a young Uber driver1One of the most alarming aspects of digital platforms is the predominance of …” „… digital rating systems. Platforms like Airbnb, Yelp, or Uber allow customers to rate their service …”

Chapter 3 Exploitation and the Digital Capture of Social Cooperation S. 39-58

„… , especially among those who depend on digital platforms for their day-to-day subsistence. For the most part …” „… wages even when there was no work for its employees, post-Fordist platforms cut labor costs by only …” „… paying for time actually worked. However, this business model only partly explains the platform …”

Chapter 1 The Creeping Uberization of Work S. 1-18

„… general public. Why should everyone own a private car if we can share our cars via the Uber platform? Why …” „… “digital platforms.” Gone were the days workers at the bottom of the labor market had to surrender their …” „… admin workers could start entrepreneurial careers. Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, or Amazon Mechanical …”

Chapter 5 The Human Limits to Growth S. 75-94

„… among workers in platform companies: Uber drivers fall asleep behind the wheel, Deliveroo couriers lose …” „… ’ fatigue returns in the digital gig economy. First, because digital platforms abstract from human …” „… embodiment, their algorithms are blind to the limits of what a body can do. Platform companies rely on an …”

Chapter 2 Governing the Workforce S. 19-38

„… media attention is more subdued, even if the effects on the workforce are identical. Platform businesses …” „… number of staff and present their platforms as services to “independent con-tractors.” Uber drivers are …” „… supposedly self-employed individuals who use the platform to access clients. This allows the companies to …”

Chapter 7 Worker Autonomy as Conviviality S. 115-134

„… . Secondly, I describe his critique of modern technology and how it applies to contemporary digital platforms …” „… more dominant ideas about sustainable development and techno-fixes often promoted in platform …” „… not unique to Uber or platform capitalism. It was first described by economist William Jevons in the …”

Index S. 153-160

„… (AI), 49–51, 64artisans, platform, 140–43Arvidsson, Adam, 41, 42–43asignifying semiotics, 30Assembly …” „… modernity, 64; growth and, 80; industrial, 97, 138; platform, 41; post-Fordist, 69, 98; social subjection in …” „… ; online transactions extracting, 3–4dating platforms, 47–48Davies, William, 126decommodification, 117 …”

Chapter 6 Worker Autonomy as Collective Self-Valorization? S. 95-114

„… obstacles it poses to workers’ autonomy. Though platform companies promise work-ers flexible schedules, no …” „… , we must admit that heteronomy is hardwired into digital platform design itself. Negri’s notion of …” „… . As mentioned in chapter 1, the digital gig economy originates in an ecology of internet platforms …”

Preface

„… Cooperation 39Chapter 4: Alienation in the Platform Economy 59Chapter 5: The Human Limits to Growth 75 …” „… 115Chapter 8: Toward Convivial Platform Labor 135Index 153ixAcknowledgmentsThis book is the product …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538173749

Matthias Lehmann, Christoph Kumpan - European Financial Services Law

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Matthias Lehmann (ed.), Christoph Kumpan (ed.)

European Financial Services Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2019

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Article 11 a European rating platform S. 1281-1283

„… rating platform 1. A registered or certified credit rating agency shall, when issuing a credit rating or …” „… pursuant to paragraph 1 on a website (‘European rating platform’). The central repository referred to in …” „… Article 11(2) shall be incorporated in the European rating platform. 3. This Article shall not apply to …”

Article 11 General and periodic disclosures S. 1280-1281

„… ) 2015/1.1 Article 11 a European rating platform 1. A registered or certified credit rating agency shall …” „… ratings submitted to it pursuant to paragraph 1 on a website (‘European rating platform’). The central …” „… repository referred to in Article 11(2) shall be incorporated in the European rating platform. 3. This …”

Article 32 Trading obligation procedure S. 519-524

„… clearing of a swap-category is also the basic requirement for mandatory trading on a trading platform.1 The …” „… which category of swaps must be traded on a platform. A difference to the EU-regulation lies in the fact …” „… that only the trading platforms themselves, by designated contract markets and swap execution …”

Article 22 Competent authorities S. 835-838

„… admission to trading on such market has been made, auctioned on an auction platform or which are traded on …” „… auction platform (such as greenhouse gas emission allowances in the EU emission trading system); (d …” „… with respect to regulated markets, auction platforms, MTFs, or OTFs. Furthermore, the provision should …”

Article 19 Managers’ transactions S. 808-824

„… responsibilities within any auction platform, auctioneer and auction monitor involved in the auctions held under …” „… persons shall notify their transactions to the auction platforms, auctioneers and auction monitor, as …” „… applicable, and to the competent authority where the auction platform, auctioneer or auction monitor, as …”

Article 28 Obligation to trade on regulated markets, MTFs or OTFs S. 503-511

„… derivative contracts should be traded on exchanges or electronic trading platforms, where appropriate, and …” „… commitment – the trading of standardised OTC derivative contracts on exchanges or electronic platforms – is …” „… the subject of Art 28 MiFIR. Electronic platforms include MTF and OTF. Comparison In the US, the …”

Article 18 Insider lists S. 799-808

„… relation to the physical operations of that emission allowance market participant; (b) any auction platform …” „… precise format. The same obligation applies to EAMPs, auction platforms, auctioneers and auction monitor …” „… platform, auctioneer and auction monitor in relation to auctions of emission allowances.14 Finally, Article …”

Article 2 Scope S. 650-654

„… , including bids, relating to the auctioning on an auction platform authorised as a regulated market of …” „… platform authorised as a regulated market under MiFID II.10 The explicit reference seeks to ensure that the …”

Article 12 Market manipulation S. 730-756

„… orders and particularly to assess what is resting on a dark platform.36 The practice of ‘pinging’ has …” „… the knowledge that a large order rests on a dark platform, for example by trading on the regulated …” „… nature of trading platforms with limited transparency.39 Phishing: Executing orders to trade, or a series …”

Article 113 S. 622-623

„… applies to behaviour or transactions, including bids, relating to the auctioning on an auction platform …”

Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 623-624

„… to the auctioning on an auction platform authorised as a regulated market of emission allowances or …”

Article 54 Approval of interoperability arrangements S. 1655-1658

„… facilitated by the pan-European TARGET2-Securities platform for securities settlement in central bank money …”

Index S. 1785-1803

„… in rating method CRAR 8 17 – European Rating Platform CRAR 11 a 1, 4 et seq. – exchange of …” „… seq. – tied agents MiFID II 34 9 et seq. European Rating Platform CRAR 11a 1, 4 et seq. European …” „… 19 33 – associated persons MAR 19 12 et seq. – auction platform MAR 19 16 – auctioneer MAR 19 16 …”

Article 17 Algorithmic trading S. 120-134

„… controls in an automated trading environment for trading platforms, investment firms and competent …” „… guidelines on systems and controls in an automated trading environment for trading platforms, investment …”

Article 10 Disclosure and presentation of credit ratings S. 1277-1280

„… rating views, conflicts of interest and reports to ESMA and the rating platform see Moloney, EU …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 624-627

„… auctioning takes place on an auction platform authorised as a regulated market under MiFID II.9 In order to …”

Article 26 Obligation to report transactions S. 495-498

„… traded on its platform which are executed through its systems by a firm which is not subject to this …”

Foreword: The new transparency regime under MiFIR S. 389-392

„… pools are trading platforms within a bank or a regulated market which allow anonymous trading because …”

Article 53 Access to a regulated market S. 308-312

„… appropriate arrangements in the territory of a Member State to facilitate access to their trading platforms …”

Article 20 Specific requirements for OTFs S. 145-149

„… . This meant that certain trading platforms, such as broker-crossing systems and dark pools, were not …”

Article 2 Exemptions S. 10-18

„… with regard to the operation of a secondary market, including a platform for secondary trading in …”

Introduction S. 644-650

„… platforms, OTC trading, and high frequency trading, prohibiting attempted market manipulation, and …”

Article 18 Trading process and finalisation of transactions in an MTF and an OTF S. 134-142

„… platform or only a set of rules.3 Hence, “system” refers to automated systems, non-automated systems or …”

Article 4 Definitions S. 22-34

„… system and the exchange or trading platform, which increases the speed of data transfer. Second …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 11 1280 Contents XXIII European rating platform …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893

Justus Haucap, Oliver Budzinski - Recht und Ökonomie

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Justus Haucap (ed.), Oliver Budzinski (ed.)

Recht und Ökonomie

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 37 2020

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Simonetta Vezzoso Digital Platforms and Antitrust: Towards a More Techno-Economic Approach S. 119-132

„… Digital Platforms and Antitrust: Towards a More Techno-Economic Approach Simonetta Vezzoso …” „… Introduction In recent years, technological advances have propelled platforms to centre stage and competition …” „… platforms, namely the fact that they supply multiple customer groups whose demands are interdependent, is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Michael Neumann Digital Platforms and Antitrust: Towards a More Techno-Economic Approach 119 Simonetta …”

Ulrich Heimeshoff Wettbewerbspolitik versus sektorspezifische Regulierung im Medien- und Telekommunikationssektor S. 149-170

„… . Evans, D., & R. Schmalensee (2007), The Industrial Organization of Markets with Two-sided Platforms …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266671

Carsten Ullrich - Unlawful Content Online

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Carsten Ullrich

Unlawful Content Online

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 21 2021

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ANNEX III – A duty of care standard for E-Commerce platforms S. 563-579

„… – A duty of care standard for E-Commerce platforms Duty of Care for E-Commerce platforms A Standard …” „… for Removing and Preventing Counterfeit on E-Commerce Platforms Carsten Ullrich / REACT Revised and …” „… standard approach for e-commerce platforms to remove and prevent IP infringing content and unsafe or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… ) ANNEX II 562 – A duty of care standard for E-Commerce platformsANNEX III 563 IntroductionA. 563 Abridged …” „… providersI. 49 Online platformsII. 50 Illegal versus unlawful contentIII. 51 Material contentIV. 52 Unlawful …” „… Limitations3. 55 SanctionsI. 55 Substantive law affecting online platformsII. 56 - The emergence of …”

ANNEX I – Interview Questionnaire (Model) S. 550-561

„… platforms/ISPs. - Workshops and trainings organized by your authority for platforms/ISPs. - Organizing and attend …” „… policy meetings together with platforms/ISPs - Others: C.2. If you have answered Yes above, would you …” „… types of ISPs and technological advances (e.g. social media, collaborative platforms, the use of big …”

Chapter 1 - Introduction S. 31-58

„… generated content or video sharing platforms (YouTube), online marketplaces (Amazon, eBay), content …” „… aggregators (Booking.com, Reddit) or sharing economy platforms (Airbnb), to name but a few. Being a critical …” „… layer of the internet, they exercise not only platform power, the power to connect, influence, amplify …”

Chapter 6 - A new framework for online intermediary responsibility S. 453-539

„… rise and evolution of online platforms as essential facilitators of information exchanges and …” „… allocate responsibilities that are in line with the commercial and technical involvement of platforms in …” „… avenues explored in response to unlawful information shared through online platforms ranged from primary …”

Chapter 2 - The emergence of intermediaries on the internet – a socio-technical review S. 59-97

„… today’s multisided online platforms, but not necessarily in the sense inferred by Dyson at the time. The …” „… : – connectivity (internet access providers -IAP), – navigation (e.g. search engines, peer-to-peer platforms …” „… , e-commerce platforms or social media sites may even function as search engines for specific information, such …”

Chapter 4 - Sectoral frameworks and the E-Commerce Directive – the enforcement gaps S. 225-417

„… the obligations of e-commerce marketplaces, which are offering their platforms to thousands or even …” „… , technological trends and developments in private enforcement by platforms, such as the use of filtering or …” „… fitted to make decisions that should be reserved to regulators and judges. Today’s online platforms are …”

Chapter 5 - Enforcement case studies S. 418-452

„… confronted with the issue of unlawful non-food and food products on online platforms. The enforcement of …” „… product regulation well before the rise of commerce through online platforms. The impact of the rise of …” „… platforms, how they work together with online intermediaries and which national and EU legal basis they use …”

Chapter 7 - Conclusion S. 540-549

„… online platforms. The additional efforts of Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, Google and others to counter the …” „… Platforms for the Post- COVID-19 Era’ (Centre for International Governance Innovation, 12 May 2020 …” „… ) platforms-post-covid-19 -era> accessed 20 August 2020. 2053 Ben Scott and Taylor Owen, ‘Governing Platforms after COVID …”

Bibliography S. 580-642

„… Service 2018) Bambauer DE, ‘From Platforms to Springboards’ (2018) 2 Georgetown Law Technology Review 15 …” „… Rikke Frank Jørgensen (ed), Human Rights in the Age of Platforms (The MIT Press 2019 …” „… , Friederici N and Gümüsay AA, ‘Too Big to Fail Us? Platforms as Systemically Relevant’ (Internet Policy Review …”

Chapter 3 - Intermediaries and unlawful content – challenges in internet regulation S. 98-224

„… Constantinides, Ola Henfridsson and Geoffrey G Parker, ‘Introduction—Platforms and Infrastructures in the Digital …” „… infrastructure or platform control over internet infrastructure. That term relates to a platform’s technology to …” „… manage content hosted on its servers. (See: Robert Gorwa, ‘The Platform Governance Triangle …”

Index S. 643-650

„… – democratic 490, 492, 499, 502 – of online platforms 32, 252, 289, 387, 397, 402, 474, 475, 525, 528, 530, 531 …” „… , 241, 242, 272, 461, 511, 532 – on online platforms 103, 220, 240, 268–270, 281, 300, 479, 508, 510 …” „… and 39, 417, 491, 497 – online platforms and 57, 371, 522, 532 Deckmyn v Vandersteen, C-201/13, CJEU …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927051

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