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Susanne Beck, Carsten Kusche, Brian Valerius - Digitalisierung, Automatisierung, KI und Recht

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Susanne Beck (ed.), Carsten Kusche (ed.), Brian Valerius (ed.)

Digitalisierung, Automatisierung, KI und Recht

Series: Robotik, Künstliche Intelligenz und Recht

Volume 20 2020

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Maria Kaiafa-Gbandi Artificial intelligence as a challenge for Criminal Law: in search of a new model of criminal liability? S. 305-328

„… &context=mjlr, pp. 494 et seq. 13 Beck, Intelligent agents and criminal law-Negligence, diffusion of liability …” „… liability? Prof. Dr. Maria Kaiafa-Gbandi* Artificial intelligence as a challenge for law: current scope and …” „… criminal law, how is the attachment of criminal liability affected when human beings and AI systems …”

Gerald Spindler Haftung für autonome Systeme – ein Update S. 255-284

„… Haven 1970, S. 136 ff.; Calabresi/Hirschoff, Toward a Test for Strict Liability in Torts, Yale Law …” „… an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen und Mitglied der High Level Expert Group on Liability and …” „… Liability and Strict Liability in the Internet of Things and for Robots, in: Lohsse/Schulze/Staudenmayer …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Jan C. Joerden Artificial intelligence as a challenge for Criminal Law: in search of a new model of …” „… criminal liability? 305 Maria Kaiafa-Gbandi Rechtswidrigkeit der Abwehr von Drohnen über privaten …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748920984

Eric Hilgendorf, Jochen Feldle - Digitization and the Law

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Eric Hilgendorf (ed.), Jochen Feldle (ed.)

Digitization and the Law

Series: Robotik, Künstliche Intelligenz und Recht

Volume 15 2018

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Susanne Beck Robotics and Criminal Law. Negligence, Diffusion of Liability and Electronic Personhood S. 41-56

„… are,generally, developed with regard to civil liability instead of criminal law.Criminal law is not simply an …” „… use machines.Civil Law: Liability for DamagesIn Civil Law it is, for example, questionable who is …” „… liability or strict liability) are difficult to apply in the context of au‐tonomous machines.10Criminal Law …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Hilgendorf/Feldle (eds.) • Digitization and the LawDigitization and the LawEric Hilgendorf/Jochen …” „… BerrisRobotics and Criminal Law. Negligence, Diffusion of Liability andElectronic Personhood 41Susanne BeckThe …” „… Hilgendorf/Jochen Feldle (eds.)Digitization and the LawNomosBUT_Hilgendorf_4700-9.indd 3 22.02.18 10:41The …”

Eric Hilgendorf The dilemma of autonomous driving: Reflections on the moral and legal treatment of automatic collision avoidance systems S. 57-90

„… Transport, 1968), as well as na‐tional constitutional law, civil liability law, criminal law, data …” „… al‐location of liability risks has developed into a core problem for the law ofpresent: “In modern ‘risk …” „… principle of mod‐ern product liability law or producer liability law89.Closing remarksThe results can be …”

Maria Kaiafa-Gbandi Criminalizing attacks against information systems in the EU and the impact of the European legal instruments on the Greek legal order S. 91-110

„… ), Computers and criminal law [in Greek],, 39ff.; Th. Krithara, Criminal Lawand Internet [in Greek],; G. Lazou …” „… Law and Criminal Justice 2011/1.# Prof. Dr. Maria Kaiafa-Gbandi, Law Faculty, Aristotle University …” „… worthy of protection, and adopted criminal law rules to proscribetheir breach.4The rapid growth of the …”

Eric Hilgendorf Introduction: Digitization and the Law – a European Perspective S. 9-20

„… through the introduction of ap‐propriate forms of criminal liability and criminal law.The algorithmization …” „… educa‐tion in law, for example, a basic understanding of how civil liability worksin our legal system.From …” „… Revolution and the LawWhat does all of this mean for the law? In order to shed light on the im‐pact of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845289304

Andreas Loukakis - Non-Contractual Liabilities from Civilian Versions of GNSS

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Andreas Loukakis

Non-Contractual Liabilities from Civilian Versions of GNSS

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 12 2017

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Chapter 1: Current liability law and its relevance to GNSS-related disputes S. 103-110

„… liability law and its relevance to GNSSrelated disputes The applicability of current liability law When …” „… , but already existing legal provisions, including liability law provisions, will likely be applicable …” „… liability law provisions. A number of articles can be found in the existing literature addressing the issue …”

Chapter 3: Second case study: a private governance scheme and liability claims towards the private industry S. 161-228

„… from a civil liability law perspective. For example, what would be the possible civil liabilities that …” „… operator? Moreover, which sort of liability would be the most relevant? Lastly, would current liability law …” „… various legal scholars282 already suggest, current legal including different liability law provisions …”

Introduction: Setting the scene S. 27-50

„… under the angle of international space law. The 1972 Liability Convention for Damage Caused by Space …” „… point of view of existing liability law provisions that may be pertinent. However, these provisions are …” „… . Several questions need to be addressed from a liability law perspective. Inter alia: who should be held …”

Chapter 2: Considerations De Lege Ferenda S. 263-332

„… Tort Law-Strict Liability (2002), 395 et seq. 533 See footnotes 530 and 532. See also footnote 535 for …” „… liability law arrangements475. Thereafter, the chapter will revolve around the specific issue of determining …” „… legislative act addressing GNSS (Galileo) liability issues479? According to EU case law, the principle of …”

Chapter 2: First case study: a public governance scheme and liability claims towards the European Union S. 111-160

„… non-contractual liability of the EU and its institutions under EU law. 168 In such a way, Art. 340 of the Treaty …” „… complicated from a legal perspective, meaning that the substantive law including non-contractual liability law …” „… international dimension of GNSS and Galileo, every national non-contractual liability law would be potentially …”

Chapter 2: Liability risks within the field of GNSS: general remarks S. 71-98

„… that might ensue should a liability law incident occur. In so doing, the chapter will begin with a …” „… . All these facts will, ultimately, lead to complex legal issues from a liability law perspective …” „… the event of a liability law suit arising. In particular, attention will be paid to the ever prevalent …”

Conclusion of the study: Could arbitration be a possible alternative? S. 343-356

„… demonstrated that different legal solutions from the perspective of current non-contractual liability law …” „… EU is not currently a party of the Liability Convention. Besides international space law instruments …” „… and the law of product liability were also considered. However, the importance of these instruments …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… current liability lawI. 105 Contractual, tort and product liabilityII. 106 Some comments on the type of …” „… Chapter 1: 105 The applicability of current liability lawI. 105 Contractual, tort and product liability …” „… Current liability law and its relevance to GNSS-related disputes Chapter 1: 105 The applicability of …”

Chapter 1: Problems connected to the existing legal framework S. 241-262

„… from the perspective of current law. In principle, future non-contractual liability claims from the …” „… for the promotion of an international law instrument dealing with non-contractual liability and …” „… associated with the current legal solutions in place from a non-contractual liability law perspective for …”

Summary tables on case studies (De Lege Lata) S. 235-240

„… delicti rule meaning that non-contractual liability claims would be solved based on national tort law …” „… prevailing view, signals cannot be qualified as space objects International space law Liability Convention …” „… delicti rule meaning that non-contractual liability claims will be solved based on national tort law …”

Concluding chapter on second part: A future need for a centralized approach S. 229-234

„… second part of the present book was to elucidate how current non-contractual liability law provisions …” „… liability law provisions may have an impact on cases of damage that could be caused by Galileo signal …” „… liability law perspective, would be expected to be limited where the EU’s operation would take place. For …”

Bibliography S. 357-370

„… , 1995. Birnbaum L.N., “Strict Product Liability and Computer Software”, in 8 Computer Law Journal, 1988 …” „… Third Party Liability for Satellite Navigation Signals”, in Uniform Law Review, 2009. Carpanelli E. and …” „… ”, in Journal of Space Law, 2004. Dunk von der F., “Liability versus Responsibility in Space Law …”

Concluding chapter on third part: Other options available at international level S. 333-338

„… Convention on Third Party Liability for Satellite Navigation Signals”, in Uniform Law Review, 2009, p. 38 …” „… drawing comparisons from Galileo liability law arrangements. For example, if the EU finally decides that …” „… exist from the standpoint of existing non-contractual liability provisions without excluding the …”

Concluding chapter on first part: Signal provision in space and signal provider’s liability S. 99-102

„… on Third Party Liability for Satellite Navigation Signals”, in Uniform Law Review, 2009, p. 38. See …” „… questions from a liability law perspective can be asked: firstly, who should be held liable for damage …” „… non-contractual liability (incl. tort and product liability law) implications be a bigger issue of concern …”

Summary table (De Lege Ferenda) S. 339-342

„… satisfactory based on the rule of strict liability and liability channeling: -Following a law and economics …” „… Summary table (De Lege Ferenda) International or European instrument on civil liability connected …” „… attempts to regulate GNSS liability in a more globalized context and given the fact that Galileo is a …”

Chapter 1: General aspects of satellite based services and GNSS S. 51-70

„… GNSS Liability: When Does Desirable Become Necessary?”, in Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXIV, 1999 …” „… discussed in this respect. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn by introducing the concept of liability …” „… liability implications in the near future. Satellite based services Satellite based services: definition …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280677

Laura Luise Wanner - In Search of Collective Action

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Laura Luise Wanner

In Search of Collective Action

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 330 2024

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Chapter 7: The International Marine Liability and Insurance Law in the Arctic S. 303-346

„… Insurance Law in the Arctic304I Marine Insurance and Liability LawMaritime law regulates the commercial …” „… compensation costs.16123) Overview of Marine Insurance and Liability LawThis first part of the chapter intended …” „… establish standards and regulations for liability in maritime law,also including the maritime industry and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… Lawin the ArcticChapter 7:303Marine Insurance and Liability LawI 305General Introduction to Marine …” „… Liability LawI 305Liability and Insurance Cover in the ArcticII 321Marine Insurance Ensuring Collective …” „… Introduction to Liability Law for Shipping2) 314The Convention on Civil Liability for Oil PollutionDamagea)315 …”

Conventions and Legislation S. 379-431

„… Law of the Sea: A commentary (C.H. Beck 2017).References408Lawrence I Kiern, ‘Liability, Compensation …” „… Billah, Effects of Insurance on Maritime Liability Law: A Legal andEconomic Analysis (Springer-Verlag …” „… PollutionLiability and Policy: China, Europe and the US (Kluwer Law International 2010),263–284.Robert Force …”

Chapter 6: Ships’ Classification and Arctic Shipping S. 273-302

„… before turning to the legitimacy of private law.Furthermore, the part will discuss the ability of …” „… the development of liability regimes (Chapter 7). These privateregulatory systems with their close …” „… connection to public law can play animportant role in the effective regulation of Arctic shipping which will …”

Chapter 8: Concluding Remarks on the Regulatory Framework for Arctic Shipping S. 349-356

„… Ordering: Classification Societies and Marine Insurance LawPrivate law plays an important role in the …” „… and Collectively: International Law of the SeaInternational law is understood here as a system that …” „… International Law349or individual obligations towards each other and the whole community ofstates.1763 In order …”

Chapter 9: Interactions and Dynamics Within the Arctic Regulatory Framework S. 357-374

„… completecoverage of world-wide navigation.18202) Regional Implementation of International LawSome IMO conventions …” „… , international, regional and private actors.III Participating in Law-Making-ProcessesThere are also institutional …” „… Greig (eds), p. 279.III Participating in Law-Making-Processes365standards. The role of classification …”

Chapter 4: Canadian and Russian Regulations for Arctic Shipping S. 159-216

„… Martínez Gutiérrez (eds), The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law:Volume I: The Law of the Sea (2014 …” „… Yearbook 29, p. 98. However,for example, McRae and Goundrey (1982) University of British Columbia LawReview …” „… CanadianApproaches and Challenges (2006), p. 27f. This exclusive federal law-making is alsorecognised in local …”

Chapter 3: The IMO as an International Organization and the Regulation of Arctic Shipping S. 95-156

„… , Philosophy and Legal Implications’ in: David R Thomas (ed),Liability Regimes in Contemporary Maritime Law …” „… ’ in: David R Thomas (ed), Liability Regimes in Contemporary Maritime Law(2007), p. 152f.II The …” „… Organizations as Law-Makers (2005), p. 43f; Jutta Brunnéeand Stephen J Toope, ‘Constructivism and International …”

Chapter 1: Setting the Scene: The Arctic S. 27-58

„… Public Goods, International Law,and Legitimacy’ (2012) European Journal of International Law 23(3), 651 …” „… debatable, if thisunderstanding can also serve as an analytical tool in international law.Whereas in …” „… legal understanding and especially in the Westphalianworld order, international law-making was seen as …”

Chapter 2: The International Law of the Sea and Arctic Shipping S. 60-94

„… Interests in International LawWith increasing recognition of common concerns and common …” „… to adhere to international law,perceiving international law only as a means of power balances for …” „… Interest in International Law’in: Wolfgang Benedek and others (eds), The Common Interest in International …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941859

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - Smart Products

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Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

Smart Products

2022

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Susanne Dehmel How should ‘smart products’ be handled in contractual and (product) liability law? S. 229-236

„… How should ‘smart products’ be handled in contractual and (product) liability law?Susanne Dehmel …” „… law.III.1.Susanne Dehmel232Proposed prolongation of responsibilityUnder current product liability law, the …” „… traffic and aviation laws). Neither in liability law nor in market access control does it make sense to …”

Georg Borges Liability for self-learning smart products S. 181-200

„… product liability lawAI systems pose challenges to the law, not least in liability law. One of the …” „… systematics of product liability law.The multitude of possible case groups cannot be fully examined within the …” „… (II.).AI systems and their components in product liability lawAI systemsIn the legal policy discussion on …”

Gerhard Wagner Software as a Product S. 157-180

„… under Union LawProducts liability law is not the only branch of the legal system where the …” „… , and failure to warn.Given the dominance of the Product Liability Directive in European Union law, the …” „… scope of the Product Liability Directive, this would not be the end of the world for the law of tort or …”

Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell Product Liability for Beyond-Product Ecosystems – Is the Product Liability Directive ready to accommodate smart products? S. 201-216

„… Gemignani, ‘Product liability and software’ [1980–1981] 8 Rutgers Computer & Technology Law Journal 173 …” „… bytes: the application of strict products liability to computer software’ [2012] 66(2) St. John’s Law …” „… , liability). ECJ case law has addressed this relevance distinction for different purposes of the EU internal …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer ‘Smart Products’ – A Focal Point for Legal Developments in the Digital Economy S. 11-44

„… present contract lawNew dimensions for European contract lawFrom a contract law perspective, smart …” „… contract lawSmart products in tort lawWhereas European contract law has already reacted, albeit somewhat …” „… proper allocation of liability as between the different actors in first place.Prospects for contract law …”

Axel Voss Liability for AI S. 219-222

„… • Legal clarity and legal certainty2)II.III.1)Axel Voss220Adjustments to the lawThe liability regulations …” „… industry that will be able to compete in the global market. Therefore, the liability law must provide legal …” „… Discussion PanelLiability for AIIntroductory Statement of Axel Voss, Member of the European …”

Jean-Sébastien Borghetti Introductory statement S. 245-246

„… how smart products should be handled in product liability law.The first one is whether smart products …” „… , however. French law, for example, has a “liability for things” regime, which is basically a strict …” „… ?). The second is that this would mean a drastic change in national liability laws.The second question is …”

André Janssen The Update Obligation for Smart Products – Time Period for the Update Obligation and Failure to Install the Update S. 91-108

„… Commerce Law 2020, 131,138.The Update Obligation for Smart Products101the liability period for updates …” „… . André Janssen is a Chair Professor of Civil Law and European Private Law at the Radboud University …” „… Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Postal address: Radboud University, Faculty of Law, Business & Law Research …”

Evelyne Gebhardt Introductory Statement S. 223-228

„… endless and current product liability law fails to provide answers. Now, what is clear is that we need to …” „… market. Liability law needs to be updated in order to prevent consumers from being the ones bearing the …” „… escapes the remits of product liability law, the latter needs to be designed to take account of these …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… law? 229Susanne DehmelSmart liability for smart products 237Jutta GurkmannIntroductory Statement 239 …” „… Smart ProductsLohsse | Schulze | Staudenmayer (Eds.)Münster Colloquia on EU Law and the Digital …” „… on EU Law and the Digital Economy VINomosThe Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in …”

Bernhard A. Koch One Specific Problem from a Tort Law Perspective S. 241-244

„… One Specific Problem from a Tort Law PerspectiveIntroductory Statement of Professor Bernhard A …” „… conference, e.g. the question of whether, and if so, to what extent the Product Liability Directive (PLD) in …” „… Professor of Civil Law, University of Innsbruck.241features of Philips‘ own app are rather limited for what …”

Christiane Wendehorst The Update Obligation – how to make it work in the relationship between seller, producer, digital content or service provider and consumer S. 63-90

„… 115,125 f.Christiane Wendehorst76Liability for damages under national law?The trader/seller who provides …” „… constellations and under the law of some Member States that consumers may have had a right to receive software …” „… updates already on the basis of the previously applicable law (such as by way of a tacitly granted …”

Jutta Gurkmann Smart liability for smart products S. 237-238

„… consideration product liability, sales law and AI regulation.The regulation in force determining when …” „… Smart liability for smart productsIntroductory Statement of Jutta Gurkmann, Federation of German …” „… current product liability regulation it is at least difficult to say whether software and therefore smart …”

Gerhard Schomburg Introductory Statement S. 239-240

„… handled in law, I actually cannot submit concrete proposals. As a federal official I am very much …” „… Directive into German law the obligation to supply updates only applies to contracts between businesses and …” „… adjust the law to the requirements of ‘smart products’ for B2B-contracts too. From January 2022 on, the …”

Hans Schulte-Nölke Digital obligations of sellers of smart devices under the Sale of Goods Directive 771/2019 S. 47-62

„… condition of the goods at the moment of delivery also went back to classical Roman law.The SGD changed this …” „… DCSD as an analogy with traditional sales law.Hans Schulte-Nölke60this day, there is often no contract …” „… to remedy the situation.A step by step farewell to the law of the Roman aedilesAs is well known, the …”

Karin Sein Modifications of digital content or services and of digital elements in smart products – Possible application problems S. 111-132

„… have no negative effect on the end-user, or are directly imposed by law.Trader’s right to modifications …” „… supported by the Estonian Research Council’s grant no PRG 124.1 Prof. Dr. Karin Sein, Professor of Civil Law …” „… additional modification right in the national law for oneoff contracts. The same situation can also arise …”

Isabell Conrad, Alin Seegel Modifications of digital content/services and digital elements in smart products – how to design the contracts S. 133-154

„… notice (except as required by applicable law)”No differentiation between “positive” and “negative …” „… by applicable law)”No certainty due to blanket reference to applicaModifications of digital …” „… sub-providers.German law provides rather restrictive rules for modification rights in standard terms. This refers in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929772

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