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Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Vagelis Papakonstantinou, Gerrit Hornung, Paul De Hert - General Data Protection Regulation

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Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann (ed.), Vagelis Papakonstantinou (ed.), Gerrit Hornung (ed.), Paul De Hert (ed.)

General Data Protection Regulation

2023

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Art. 85 Processing and freedom of expression and information Alexander Dix S. 1070-1085

„… data pursuant to this Regulation with the right to freedom of expression and information, including …” „… necessary to reconcile the right to the protection of personal data with the freedom of expression and …” „… ’ Freedom of Expression Shield in European Data Protection’, University of Cambridge Legal Studies Research …”

Art. 1 Subject-Matter and Objectives Gerrit Hornung and Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 77-91

„… expression, freedom of the press and freedom of information since it considered such balancing to be …” „… which data protection law had to be balanced against freedom of expression, freedom of information …” „… , freedom of expression and the political parties, see Spiecker gen. Döhmann VVDStRL 77 (2018), 9 et seq.40 …”

Art. 17 Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’) Artemi Rallo and Jorge Viguri S. 487-495

„… limitations on freedom of expression.Thirdly, instead of proceeding to erasure, the controller “shall restrict …” „… freedom of expression and information;(b) for compliance with a legal obligation which requires processing …” „… particular, the freedom of expression and information. The Comm was also forced to assure that the right to …”

Index S. 1169-1211

„… raising 57 13Background checks 10 19Balance between data protection and freedom of expression and …” „… to consult 8 16– enforcement 8 28– freedom of expression 8 10, 13, 17– holder of parental …” „… freedom of expression and information 85 26Cyber-resilience approach 32 32Dactyloscopic data 4(14) 8 …”

Art. 8 Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society servicesThe authors would like to thank Ayça Atabey for her assistance in conducting the research for this chapter. J... S. 391-399

„… also an attack on their right to freedom of expression and right to information.17 Ultimately, the EU …” „… exercise of fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression and access to information, such an exclusion …” „… . Art. 12 of the above Convention grants children the right to freedom of expression, as well as the …”

Art. 18 Right to restriction of processing Domingos Farinho S. 496-502

„… data in relation to specific provisions on the processing of personal data and freedom of expression …” „… the protection of personal data with the right to freedom of expression and information. This also …” „… processing is necessary ‘for exercising the right of freedom of expression and information’.34The lack of …”

Art. 10 Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences András Jóri S. 420-425

„… protection of personal data with the freedom of expression and information. Such exemptions or derogations …” „… by Union or Member State law providing for appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of data …” „… law providing for appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of data subjects. It is noted …”

Art. 6 Lawfulness of processing Giovanni Sartor S. 291-327

„… exemplificatory list of legitimate interests – such as the exercise of freedom of expression, the media, and the …” „… such queries, as an aspect of their freedom of expression). It argued that in particular cases the …” „… and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the …”

Art. 86 Processing and public access to official documents András Jóri S. 1086-1089

„… . Precisely due to the differing perceptions in Member States in the area of freedom of expression and …” „… dataDetermining the right balance between data protection and freedom of information is crucial to make data …” „… question of how to organize a data protection authority – shall it enforce also freedom of information law …”

Art. 35 Data protection impact assessment Jens Ambrock and Moritz Karg S. 687-705

„… apart from data protection, including e.g., freedom of expression or freedom of movement.26 Determining …” „… life, home and communications, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and …” „… purposes of the processing, is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural …”

Art. 87 Processing of the national identification number Niko Tsakalakis S. 1090-1093

„… , certain interpretations might question that personal data can be disclosed under national freedom of …” „… artistic or literary expression from many basic provisions of the GDPR (e.g. those setting out legal …” „… be used only under appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject pursuant to …”

Art. 21 Right to object Laura Carmichael, Emma Cradock and Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon S. 518-524

„… reconcile the right to data protection with the freedom of expression and information (Art. 85 para. 2 …” „… . 20 para. 4 itself provides for such restrictions in order to protect the rights and freedoms of …” „… processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject or for the establishment …”

Art. 22 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling Olivia Tambou S. 525-542

„… the CFR (e.g. the respect for private and family life or the freedom of expression and information …” „… or freedoms of the concerned data subject”. In this context, the EP refused the possibility for an …” „… expression “automated individual decision-making” (own emphasis) in the title of Art. 22, which seems broader …”

Art. 90 Obligations of secrecy Cristina Pauner S. 1122-1127

„… professionals, Art. 7 CFR and Art. 8 ECHR) or the freedom of expression and information (in the case of …” „… 2000, adopted by the Committee of Ministers to member states on the freedom of exercise of the …” „… personal data is an expression of the fundamental right to privacy as defined in Art. 16 para. 1 TFEU.15The …”

Art. 16 Right to rectification Alexander Dix S. 480-486

„… with freedom of expression and freedom of information (Art. 85 para. 2). The comments on these …” „… purposes or the purpose of academic, artistic or literary expression (Art. 85 para. 2) and by the …” „… or statistical purposes (Art. 89 paras. 2 and 3). As in the case of Art. 13 an analogous application …”

Art. 95 Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert S. 1150-1154

„… , opinions and working papers.21 At the same time, para. 2 is also an expression of the legislator …” „… matters concerning the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms vis-à-vis the processing of personal …” „… of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, and in particular the right to privacy, with …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Data processing for marketing purposes Domingos Farinho S. 345-355

„… interests and fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects.ProfilingUnlike marketing and direct …” „… rights and freedoms of the data subject. This has been made easier by the advent and crescent use of Big …” „… interest; and iii) the existence of an interest or a fundamental right or freedom of the data subject which …”

Art. 52 Independence András Jóri S. 863-872

„… para. 3 on reconciling the right to data protection with the right to freedom of expression and …” „… other act must be capable of resulting in undue influence, e.g., the same communication/expression …” „… , they can be expressions of a hierarchy that can still lead to indirect influence on the performance of …”

Art. 13 Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject Alexander Dix S. 448-457

„… and Freedom Expression In the Age of Artificial Intelligence (2018); Art. 29 Working Party …” „… November 2020); Art. 19/Privacy International, Privacy and Freedom of Expression in the Age of Artificial …” „… freedoms of individuals, groups and society as a whole’, Bertelsmann Stiftung, Discussion Papers Ethics of …”

Art. 36 Prior consultation Jens Ambrock and Moritz Karg S. 706-713

„… rights and freedoms of data subjects pursuant to this Regulation;(d) where applicable, the contact …” „… consultation is thus intended to be an expression of the so-called risk-based approach of the GDPR,2 according …” „… , firstly, a high risk to the rights and freedoms of data subjects has been identified on the basis of a …”

Introduction S. 1-76

„… the processing context, and second, they must not unduly restrict freedom of expression (No. 3). No. 4 …” „… it for 7 As three examples of many, Westin, Privacy and freedom (1967); Simitis, NJW 1971, 673 …” „… was by no means an expression of undefined “fears” or even an irrational hostility to technology. From …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Art. 84 1064CHAPTER IXPROVISIONS RELATING TO SPECIFIC PROCESSING SITUATIONSProcessing and freedom of …” „… Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information. In this position as a GDPR regulator, he has been …” „… Vice-Chair of the European Academy for Freedom of Information and Data Protection in Berlin. From 1998 to …”

Art. 4(21) Supervisory authority Sebastian Bretthauer S. 242-243

„… fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in relation to the processing and facilitation of the free …” „… intervene in the event that unlawful data processing is an expression of the abuse of a dominant market …” „… . Art. 4 no. 20 defines the scope of BCR.It is crucial that a controller or processor established in the …”

Art. 23 Restrictions Alexander Dix S. 543-563

„… framework to balance data protection with freedom of expression and freedom of information under Art 85 …” „… restriction respects the essence of the fundamental rights and freedoms and is a necessary and proportionate …” „… ) the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others;(j) the enforcement of civil …”

Art. 89 Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes Laura Carmichael, Emma Crado... S. 1113-1121

„… safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subject and for ensuring statistical confidentiality” (as per …” „… , for the rights and freedoms of the data subject”. Such safeguards shall ensure that technical and …” „… possible safeguards that could be taken to protect the rights and freedoms of the data subject, including …”

Art. 4(1) Personal data Domingos Farinho S. 135-147

„… as the freedom of expression, the freedom of thought, the freedom to conduct a business and …” „… freedoms. The definition of personal data aims at determining how data may relate to a person in such a …” „… definition of personal data goes beyond privacy3 and relates to other fundamental rights and freedoms, such …”

Art. 15 Right of access by the data subject Alexander Dix S. 466-479

„… , Privacy and Freedom of Expression in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, 28; Bayamlioglu, EDPL 2018, 433 …” „… copy referred to in paragraph 3 shall not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others.Literature …” „… about the identity of whistleblowers unless this would impair their rights and freedoms according to Art …”

Art. 24 Responsibility of the controller Jos Dumortier and Pieter Gryffroy S. 564-579

„… of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons, the controller …” „… to data protection; and Art. 24 GDPR is a crucial expression of that change.Proactive accountability …” „… freedoms of natural persons”. Through the trialogue, it was added that the measures must be reviewed and …”

Art. 78 Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority Olivia Tambou S. 1017-1022

„… been designed as a sectorial expression of the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal under Art …” „… in recital 141, the right to an effective judicial remedy is a sectorial expression of Art. 47 of …” „… and freedoms in regard to the processing of personal data relating to him or her, must be able to …”

Art. 7 Conditions for consent Judith Rauhofer and Burkhard Schafer S. 376-390

„… grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject or for …” „… prevalent over the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject and should be able to demonstrate them …” „… would be deprived of his or her freedom to contract.44 However, if the right to withdraw consent is …”

Art. 91 Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations Achim Seifert S. 1128-1135

„… protection and freedom of expression and information or in Art. 88 for data protection in the employment …” „… public, either alone or in community with others, other religious acts or expressions of view, or forms …” „… the context of an investigation a supervisory authority becomes aware of data subject to an …”

Art. 88 Processing in the context of employment Achim Seifert S. 1094-1112

„… , provide for more specific rules to ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms in respect of the …” „… to assure an appropriate protection of their personal data by means of contractual freedom. One …” „… ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms in respect of the processing of employees’ personal data …”

Art. 9 Processing of special categories of personal data András Jóri S. 400-419

„… specific measures to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subject, in particular professional …” „… likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural person” when setting out obligations for the …” „… („to ensure a high level of protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons …”

Art. 4(11) Consent Judith Rauhofer and Burkhard Schafer S. 195-215

„… each purpose will result in a lack of freedom.62 Although the GDPR does not specifically mandate the …” „… be ill-suited to protect fundamental rights and freedoms that are the subject of data protection law …” „… principle constitute a valid expression of consent or intent by the owner/controller of a device or an …”

Art. 5 Principles relating to processing of personal data Alexander Roßnagel and Philipp Richter S. 261-290

„… Regulation in order to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subject (‘storage limitation’);(f …” „… affects him or her.”This relation to the consequences for the fundamental rights and freedoms of the data …” „… safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject according to Art. 89(1) to a sufficient degree.73 …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Content personalisation Marco Almada, Juliano Maranhao, Giovanni Sartor S. 328-339

„… freedom of expression and information. Given the concerns that have been raised regarding personal …” „… constrained by the protections offered by EU and Member State law to freedom of speech, thought, and the press …” „… processing such data to address issues that were not contemplated at the time of the data collection. A key …”

Art. 12 Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject Alexander DixTransparent information, communication and modalities S. 434-447

„… exercising freedom of expression.9 Therefore the rights to be informed and the corresponding duties to inform …” „… Kanton Zürich have regulated for data protection and freedom of information in consolidated Acts.13 …” „… CHAPTER IIIRIGHTS OF THE DATA SUBJECTSection 1Transparency and modalitiesArt. 12Transparent …”

Art. 2 Material scope Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert S. 92-115

„… familiar will possibly refrain from making use of the freedoms. Ordering goods, travel or work in other …” „… and freedoms therefore supports specifically the free movement of personal data on the internal …” „… of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms or the free flow of personal data” does not add …”

Art. 79 Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor Olivia Tambou S. 1023-1029

„… a sectorial expression of the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal under Art. 47 of the EU …” „… recognised by the EU or protect the rights and freedoms of others.11 Art. 79 GDPR and national law has to be …” „… (→ mn. 8–12). Those decisions could be on whether there is an infringement of the GDPR or which SA …”

Art. 83 General conditions for imposing administrative fines Olivia Tambou S. 1051-1063

„… of national law regarding specific processing situations (freedom of expression and information …” „… ensure that the imposition of administrative fines pursuant to this Article in respect of infringements …” „… of this Regulation referred to in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 shall in each individual case be effective …”

Art. 63 Consistency mechanism Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 927-937

„… functionality of the supervisory authorities as effective and prior protectors of the liberties and freedoms, cf …” „… Art. 61 or to take joint measures under Art. 62, is an expression of this.However, the GDPR does not …” „… sional measure on the territory of its Member State” but rather on their respective Member States …”

Art. 64 Opinion of the Board Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 938-958

„… request an opinion is an expression and important element of the independence of the supervisory …” „… the rights and freedoms of affected persons. In line with the objectives of the GDPR (→ Art. 1 mn. 5 …” „… application of the consistency procedure as such (→ mn. 5 and → Art. 63 mn. 12). The expression was included …”

Art. 3 Territorial scope Gerrit Hornung S. 116-134

„… to ensure an effective and comprehensive protection of the fundamental freedoms and rights of natural …” „… on behavioural profiles.The concept of behaviour is very broad. It includes every form of expression …” „… forthcoming ePrivacy Regulation regime, the matter of the relationship between EU data protection and the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276984

Henning Glaser - Constitutional Jurisprudence

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Henning Glaser (ed.)

Constitutional Jurisprudence

Series: CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance

Volume 3 2016

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Jong-ik Chon The South Korean Constitutional Court: Defending the Freedom of Expression in Cyberspace S. 289-304

„… 289 The South Korean Constitutional Court: Defending the Freedom of Expression in Cyberspace …” „… their policies on the freedom of expression in cyberspace. Many South Koreans worry that their current …” „… government and Constitutional Court no longer fully protect their freedom of expression, especially in the …”

Mirosław Wyrzykowski 10 Lessons in Constitutional Resilience S. 123-150

„… instrument of international law to orchestrate a limitation of the rights and freedoms of the citizen and …” „… , one of the judges resorts to the power of the “idiomatic expressions of the human rights ideology in …” „… intelektualnej presji”]. There is a serious problem in the journalistic technique of expression deployed in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… the Freedom of Expression in Cyberspace Jong-ik Chon 289 The Impact of the Constitutional …” „… of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance 3 CPG Series of Comparative …” „… Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance Edited by the German-Southeast Asian Center of Excellence for …”

Slavica Banić Activism and Self-Restraint of the Croatian Constitutional Court in the Constitutionalization of the Legal Order S. 179-200

„… protection of human rights and freedoms, tended to replace it. When the Croatian Parliament did not react …” „… determine the manner in which the decision will be implemented” is a clear expression of the CCRC’s …” „… notifications to Parliament, as the expression of the Court’s image as guardian of the Constitution, create …”

Heru Susetyo The Indonesian Constitutional Court Between Judicial Activism and Judicial Terrorism S. 323-344

„… sensitive intersection between freedom of expression and national security by threatening imprisonment to …” „… decisions, the uncertainty of post-decision execution, and also conservative decisions or expressions of …” „… directly related to the rights and freedoms of citizens must be based on court decisions with permanent …”

Matthias Jestaedt Multilevel Constitutionalization – Some Remarks on the Manifold Nature of Constitutionalization S. 51-66

„… its author; authentic interpretation of the constitution is nothing other than the expression of the …” „… That norms are reduced to their linguistic form is also visible in the expression of “norm …” „… Nature of Constitutionalization* Matthias Jestaedt A. Constitutionalization: The Potential for a …”

Henning Glaser Constitutional Jurisprudence – On the Function, Impacts, and Challenges of Constitutional Courts S. 11-50

„… also true vice versa. Constitutional Jurisprudence 21 expression of the inherently tension loaded …” „… this sense, moments of emancipatory self-authorization are often representing visible expressions of …” „… judicial orthodoxy or comparable dogmatic changes. See for these types of cases as expressions of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247373

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

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Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship …” „… an unstoppable force for the globalization of freedom of expression. As Stanford professor Lawrence …” „… actors raises serious questions about the consequences on online freedom of expression. The global nature …”

Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice S. 473-488

„… also affect the use of freedom of expression in society by reducing the amount – or at least the range …” „… even impossible to formulate without violating the requirements of freedom of expression and certain …” „… fundamental principles of criminal law. Keywords: human rights, freedom of expression, right to private life …”

Mårten Schultz Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights. S. 145-164

„… most important catalyst for freedom of expression in human history. When Facebook set up an independent …” „… companies. Even if they are wealthy and have global reach. The bias ”Freedom of expression is a fundamental …” „… Charter on Fundamental Rights there are several rights that will often conflict with freedom of expression …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… impacts various human rights, primarily freedom of expression and the right to information, but also …” „… of freedom of expression on social media platforms: EU content regulation through the lens of human …” „… have interfered with the right to freedom of expression of the individual speaker (whether this is …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… 's Rights in Latin America, freedom of expression, non-conventional trademarks, among other subjects related …” „… University, non-resident legal research for Columbia Global Freedom of Expression and visiting fellow at the …” „… Education in Washington. In 2018 he was a visiting scholar at Columbia’s Global Freedom of Expression Center …”

Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention S. 433-450

„… also for the exercise of democratic values such as assembly and freedom of expression and, therefore …” „… Court of India recognised that freedom expression online enjoys constitutional protection,46 even if …” „… are different nuances of freedom of expression in regional human rights instruments and areas of the …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… , Nicole Stremlau Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to …” „… media. This, in the context of freedom of expression is introduced by Siwal Ashwini. The chapter is …” „… , in particular regarding issues with competition and freedom of expression. The UK, beyond a …”

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… freedom of expression, while others see it as a danger to themselves and to public health. When a piece of …” „… ECtHR, freedom of expression also applies to expressions that offend, shock or disturb, including untrue …” „… facts. Therefore, all limitations to freedom of expression have to be construed strictly, and the need …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… freedom of expression in Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The first year of the initiative …” „… work of the Canadian Commission on Democratic Expression, which issued an ambitious report in January …” „… of expression. The spread of hatred online can and indeed has transformed democratic expression into …”

Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… Latin America - from privacy, freedom of expression, liabilities, disinformation, right to erasure, and …” „… privacy, freedom of expression, liabilities, disinformation, right to erasure, and copyright - is …” „… -277/15, the Court refers to the Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet, adhering to …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… interventions allow speech to continue, they may be less intrusive to users’ freedom of expression.43 Insofar as …” „… traditional top-down command scheme. It is crucial, especially given the importance of freedom of expression …” „… (including but not limited to freedom of expression). The range of mechanisms available within the HSWA are …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… news law, misinformation, disinformation, Facebook, freedom of expression, censorship Introduction When …” „… that threatens freedom of expression.” April 4, 2019, accessed July 6, 2021, https://www.icj.org/sin …” „… set of approaches to governing freedoms of expression on the Internet.5 Fake news and misinformation …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… proliferated 9 Joshita Pai and Nakul Nayak, “Initial Inputs for The Project on Freedom of Expression and The …” „… content being transmitted on these platforms on the one hand and the freedom of expression as 27 Risabh …” „… as digital media, which are integral to uphold the freedom of speech and expression in every …”

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… weighted the fundamental right of freedom of expression (Art. 5 Grundgesetz) and used leading judgements of …” „… to June 2020.27 This may also affect content that is still protected by freedom of expression, such …” „… private platforms are bound by freedom of expression when providing a public communication space. With …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… model that strikes an appropriate balance between the freedom of expression and anti-racism.” 15 Higaki …” „… on freedom of expression.16 Higaki continues to examine the unique value of the Japanese approach …” „… considered the balance between freedom of expression and hate speech. In both cases, the civic groups’ active …”

Index S. 595-601

„… , freedom of expression 25–33, 50, 64, 89, 92 f., 151–161, 192, 197, 199, 222, 238–256, 274–277, 291 f …” „… Commission of Democratic Expression 369, 378, 381, 389 f., 392–397 Canada’s Broadcasting Act 291–323, 373 …” „… of speech 148–161, 223, 228, 554 freedom of the press 154, 370, 532 Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle …”

Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms S. 531-548

„… was criticised early on by civil society for possibly damaging freedom of expression and freedom of …” „… Rights (freedom of expression), as decisions on prioritisation might limit users’ access to relevant …” „… hand, might leave possible side-effects, such as limits to freedom of expression or a decrease of media …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… internet.10 This primarily involves protection of freedom of expression, protection of the personal rights …” „… fundamental rights (in particular, private and family life, freedom of expression and information, prohibition …” „… of destruction. Democracy, freedom and social responsibility are being damaged. In the digital age …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… frameworks fray as disruption becomes the rule. Societies dispute the way to define freedom of expression and …” „… capture what were often invented as technologies of freedom. In this environment, governments, the tech …” „… retain basic values of free expression in the face of geopolitical, technological, and economic …”

Sarah Hartmann Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders S. 99-118

„… , News you don’t believe, 5. 15 Marko Milanovic, “Viral Misinformation and the Freedom of Expression …” „… :// www.ejiltalk.org/viral-misinformation-and-the-freedom-of-expression-part-i/. 16 Anya Schiffrin, Hannah Clifford, and Kylie Tumiatti, Saving Journalism: A Vision for the …” „… the Freedom of Expression: Part I.” EJIL:Talk!, Blog of the European Journal of International Law …”

Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG S. 415-432

„… , criticism was also voiced that the law constituted a violation of freedom of expression. In the following …” „… . must respect users' freedom of expression. However, the extent to which they must respect users …” „… . It is argued here that the protection of freedom of expression requires that the author be heard …”

Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward S. 507-530

„… Disinformation While Respecting Freedom of Expression’ (Geneva and Paris: International Telecommunication Union …” „… : Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting Freedom of Expression’. Trisha Meyer, Alexandre …” „… Freedom of Expression’. Geneva and Paris: International Telecommunication Union and United Nations …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… , Internet, Internet streaming, freedom of expression, culture, Netflix, Canada, Bill C-10, Social Media …” „… clearly concerns about the implications for freedom of expression, over-broad regulation, competition, and …” „… always and forever stand against any bill that subjects freedom of expression to the doldrums of …”

Enni Ala-Mikkula The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers’ responsibility to prevent and respond to the risk of hate speech at work – the Finnish perspective S. 489-506

„… often slow and heavy. In addition, the question of freedom of expression arises. This is a fundamental …” „… right, as is freedom of expression; indeed, it should be a guarantee for each employee. On the one hand …” „… increase in open expressions of hate in the context of social media.45 Chapter 3. 40 See the Finnish …”

Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… freedom of expression and privacy. In addition, all companies in scope will have a specific legal duty to …” „… scale, the risks posed to the rights and freedoms of individuals, as well as concerns expressed by some …” „… The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms Lorna Woods Abstract: This chapter provides an …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… Act that could harm the freedom of speech], Taiwan Association for Human Rights, May 22, 2017 …” „… rise of Chinese platforms has led to new concerns about state censorship and surveillance. Yet, often …” „… considered as exotic exceptions, neither paradigm effectively addresses the accountability problems of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789

Thilo Goeble - Freiraum oder Herrschaftsgebiet

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Thilo Goeble

Freiraum oder Herrschaftsgebiet

Series: Der Elektronische Rechtsverkehr

Volume 41 2019

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Dokumentenverzeichnis S. 727-735

„… . Mai 2003. Europarat, Declaration on freedom of expression and information in the media in the context …” „… Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on protecting freedom of expression and information in times …” „… to member states on promoting freedom of expression and information in the new information and …”

9 Menschenrechte S. 112-528

„… ‚media‘ clause of the article on freedom of expression in the draft human rights covenant on May 2, 1950 …” „… UN-Menschenrechtskomitees „the human rights norms are the legal expression of the essential rights that every person is …” „… can their applicability depend on morally arbitrary criteria such as the mere accident of birth; they …”

7 Beispiele für Eingriffe S. 94-107

„… Dutton/Dopatka/Hills/Law/Nash: Freedom of connection, freedom of expression (2011), S. 34 sowie S. 41. Vgl. auch McIntyre, in …” „… Ansicht einzelner Staaten zu einzelnen Inhalten siehe auch Akdeniz: Freedom of expression on the internet …” „… connection, freedom of expression (2011), S. 11 mit weiterem Nachweis. Siehe auch Leube: Die Rolle des …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 677-726

„… ., Freedom of expression on the internet, A study of legal provisions and practices related to freedom of …” „… . C., Freedom of expression and the internet, Straßburg 2013. Benedek, W. / Kettemann, M. C., Freedom …” „… connection, freedom of expression, The changing legal and regulatory ecology shaping the Internet, Paris 2011 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… all“9.3.2.4.2 219 Thema 2: „Freedom of expression and association“ 9.3.2.4.3 219 Internet Bill of …” „… 9.3.2.5.1 220 Inhalt9.3.2.5.2 222 Right to Access to the Internet9.3.2.5.2.1 224 Freedom of Expression and …” „… Internet 9.4.2.2.1.2.8.3 339 Declaration on freedom of expression and information in the media in the …”

6 Internet S. 79-93

„… (2012), S. 4. Zum Beginn siehe auch Dutton/Dopatka/Hills/Law/Nash: Freedom of connection, freedom of …” „… Internet Das Internet215 ist ein „vital piece of infrastructure and a significant avenue for global …” „… : The Humanization of Internet Governance: A Roadmap Towards a Comprehensive Global (Human) Rights …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902522

Sandra Schmitz - The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

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Sandra Schmitz

The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 8 2015

Results in this title

B. The Technological and Legal Challenges of Online Copyright Enforcement S. 115-195

„… particular the user’s freedom of expression in the form of freedom to seek, receive and impart information …” „… Expression in the Form of Freedom to Seek, Impart and Receive Information Freedom of expression is essential …” „… respect for fundamental human rights.445 Generally speaking, freedom of expression refers to the right to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Expression in the Form of Freedom to Seek, Impart and Receive Information a) 141 Freedom of Expression in …” „… Users c) 391 Sanctions Interfering with a User’s Right to Freedom to Expression in the Form of Freedom …” „… Conduct Businessa) 181 Freedom of Expressionb) 184 Fundamental Rights of the Intellectual Property Rights …”

B. Enforcement Measures Directed at Intermediaries S. 565-719

„… applicant’s right to freedom of expression.2102 In terms of justification of the interference, the Court …” „… required regarding the application of preventive restriction on freedom of expression. These rules 2100 …” „… 11, 695–700. See also Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of expression and the right to information: Implications …”

List of References S. 747-789

„… , Wolfgang/Kettemann, Matthias C., Freedom of expression and the Internet (2014) Bentley, Lionel/Sherman, Brad …” „… , and implications for freedom of expression, Computer Law & Security Review 2010, 260–272 Alexander …” „… Review 2004, Vol. 24, 635–648 Voorhoof, Dirk, Freedom of expression and the right to information …”

B. National Enforcement Measures Against Users S. 243-517

„… Fundamental Rights of the European Union on freedom of expression and information, save when public security …” „… that “no restriction may be imposed on the fundamental rights and freedoms of end-users, without a …” „… applications through electronic communications networks shall respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of …”

General Conclusions S. 719-747

„… , Wolfgang/Kettemann, Matthias C., Freedom of expression and the Internet (2014) Bentley, Lionel/Sherman, Brad …” „… Online-Kommentar Urheberrecht (updated 01.02.2014) Barendt, Eric, Freedom of Speech (2nd ed. 2007) Benedek …” „… General Conclusions The above analysis of different copyright enforcement schemes has shown that …”

A. The Peer-to-Peer File-Sharer as the Addressee of Enforcement Measures S. 195-243

„… communicating to that reader an element which is, in itself, the expression of the intellectual creation of the …” „… author of that article. Second Chapter: User-Targeted Responses 210 are the expression of the …” „… carries no expression of the intellectual creation of the author.764 However, the situation becomes more …”

A. The Status Quo – or How Did We Get to Where We AreToday? S. 49-115

„… artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of their expression, such as books and other writings …” „… ? Copyright in a Digitalised World In simple terms, copyright is a legal concept that grants the author of an …” „… of enabling the author to receive compensation for his work and be able to financially support …”

A. Online Intermediaries as the Addressees of Enforcement Measures S. 517-565

„… Content- or Intermediary-Targeted Responses Online Intermediaries as the Addressees of Enforcement …” „… Measures The Idea of Enforcement via Online Intermediaries It has been established that consumers are …” „… availability of offers responding to that demand also increases. The creative industries clearly seek to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265872

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