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Esther Seitz - Fact-Gathering in Patent Infringement Cases: Rule 34 Discovery and the Saisie-Contrefaçon

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Esther Seitz

Fact-Gathering in Patent Infringement Cases: Rule 34 Discovery and the Saisie-Contrefaçon

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 4 2009

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Costs S. 38-39

„… discovery expenses.292 This phenomenon has prompted courts to balance interests and permit cost-shifting in …” „… litigation bill. 291 See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(5). Economic theory also supports costs-shifting, because it …” „… eliminate the need for more costly post-disclosure judicial review and damage assessment. C. Costs While …”

Trade Secrets and Secret Commercial Information S. 36-38

„… prompted courts to balance interests and permit cost-shifting in appropriate cases.293 285 Paule …” „… costs-shifting, because it deters excessive discovery and other abusive discovery practices, such as threatening …” „… judicial review and damage assessment. C. Costs While the complexity of a case ultimately controls its …”

Evaluative Comparison of the Procedures’ Strengths S. 45-48

„… ability to preserve quality evidence, deterring overproduction, and reducing costs and duration …” „… December 1, 2006, 116 YALE L.J. POCKET PART 167 (2006) (stating that overproduction increases the cost …” „… cooperatively seems a better-suited cost-allocation that, at least theoretically, should induce the parties to …”

Third Party Production S. 35-36

„… , trade secrets, costs, duration and extraterritorial implications are of particular interest and concern …” „… requesting party to reimburse the cost of production.268 258 See generally Kenneth R. Adamo et al …”

Duration S. 39-40

„… 39 Concerning costs, the procedures differ radically. The Saisie is notably cheap, while discovery …” „… restrict the frequency and extent of discovery due to burdensomeness, convenience and cost under Rule 26 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… . Costs 38 D. Duration 39 E. Extraterritorial Application 40 VI. Evaluative Comparison of the Procedures …”

Conclusion S. 49-50

„… yields limited, fast, directly relevant proof at a relatively low cost to both parties and does not …”

Custody, Possession, Control S. 18-19

„… it would impose oppressive copying and transportation costs on the producing party, courts may order …”

Premise Inspections S. 17-18

„… voluminous that it would impose oppressive copying and transportation costs on the producing party, courts …”

Before the Saisie: Ex Parte Application for Inspection S. 23-26

„… Inspection The Saisie doubtlessly appeals to plaintiffs due to its relative simplicity and low cost.158 The …”

Extraterritorial Application S. 40-44

„… European patent litigation jurisdictions based on cost, procedural complexity, control, manageability and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219714

Han de Vries, Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce - Comparing Medical Productivity between Germany and the US

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Han de Vries, Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce

Comparing Medical Productivity between Germany and the US

Series: Beiträge zum Gesundheitsmanagement

Volume 23 2008

Results in this title

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Costs S. 73-78

„… results for certain quarters.5.1 CostsBoth Germany and the US experienced substantial growth in the …” „… 73Chapter 5: Changes in Treatment Costs and Outcomes over TimeIn chapter 4, we reported results for …” „… 2001-2003. In this chapter, we examine trends over time in costs, treatments, and outcomes for patients with …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Total Costs S. 60-61

„… 604.3 Total CostsThe average cost per patient, in US$ PPP, of treating AMI and CRC is considerably …” „… initial diagnosis of CRC in Germany and the US, 2001-2004.Source: RAND CorporationCRC Mean costsUS …” „… CorporationAMI Mean costsUS GermanyPrediagnosisinpatient 8,673 1,520prescriptions 2,186 698outpatient 6,739 …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Cost Models S. 123-158

„… 123Appendix 3: Cost ModelsIn this appendix we show the output from the regression models underlying …” „… the costs results shown in Chapter 4. There are two sets of tables, one for AMI and one for CRC …” „… . Within each disease set there are separate sets of tables for inpatient and prescription drug costs. For …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Estimating Cost S. 29-30

„… (ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines, 2004). 2.2 Existing Estimates of the Cost Attributable to CRC and AMIIn this …” „… section we present a review of the literature (1997 to the present) on the cost of CRC and AMI. An …” „… important characteristic of this research is that no attempt was made to implement uniform cost measures …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Explaining cost differences S. 89-90

„… 89focal area for the US would be inpatient costs for AMI treatment, while for Germany the focus …” „… could be on the cost of chemotherapy for CRC.6.2 Explaining cost differencesAs described in Section 1.1 …” „… , our second research question was the following: How can we explain the cost differences in terms of …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Other explanations of cost differences S. 90-91

„… guidelines.6.3 Other explanations of cost differencesWe previously argued that prices are the main drivers …” „… for the differences we found in the cost of treating AMI and CRC between Germany and the US. However …” „… account for much of the cost differences. In fact, with regard to the effect of technology, the volume of …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Total Costs of Disease Treatment S. 44-48

„… year 2004. 3.3 Statistical AnalysisTo measure the costs of treating a particular disease, we would …” „… disease and define the cost of treating the disease as the difference between the costs incurred in both …” „… states. Of course, we would never have this option. In some cases, e.g. when comparing the cost of a …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Estimating the Costs of AMI S. 32-34

„… cost of CRC care in Italy. Brown (1999) found declining cost with increasing age at all phases (initial …” „… , continuing, and terminal) of the disease. Kerrigan and colleagues (2005) found higher cost for people under …” „… hospital varied widely across centers; all of these factors could explain part of the variation in costs …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Cost Differences between the US and Germany S. 87-89

„… important to distinguish between aggregate growth rates and disease-specific growth rates in costs.Third, we …” „… study findings.6.1 Cost Differences between the US and GermanyIn the previous chapters, we showed that …” „… the costs of treating AMI and CRC are much higher in the US than in Germany. It is the size of this …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Estimating the Costs of Colorectal cancer S. 30-32

„… by age and gender) and subtracting the cost observed in this group from the »gross« estimate.Finally …” „… study heterogeneity as background, we will now present our review of the literature on the cost of CRC …” „… and AMI, and the determinants of those costs. All cost estimates are reported on a per patient basis …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Study limitations S. 92-94

„… the omission of outpatient costs.Third, we could not reliably measure co-morbid conditions using …” „… readmission rates, lower costs, and higher rates of recommended prescriptions for German AMI patients, our …” „… is not clear whether costs would have been higher or lower had the latter group been included in the …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Treatments S. 61-67

„… .Source: RAND CorporationAMI Mean costsUS GermanyPrediagnosisinpatient 8,673 1,520prescriptions 2,186 698 …” „… 61We predicted the cost for an average German patient if (s)he were treated in the US, and the cost …” „… cost differential would decrease after adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. However, as table …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Co-morbdities Identified by Prescription Drug Use S. 57-60

„… 0.04 0.000604.3 Total CostsThe average cost per patient, in US$ PPP, of treating AMI and CRC is …” „… initial diagnosis of CRC in Germany and the US, 2001-2004.Source: RAND CorporationCRC Mean costsUS …” „… considerably higher in the US than in Germany. Tables 4.7 and 4.8 show the average per-patient cost in US$ PPP …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-20

„… USAn Assesment of Differences and Trends in Costs, Treatments and Outcomes for Acute Myocardial …” „… struggle to control rising costs while maintaining quality and improving patient outcomes. Little is known …” „… about the relative costs of treating specific diseases in Germany compared with the US, and differences …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Treatment of AMI S. 28-29

„… Estimates of the Cost Attributable to CRC and AMIIn this section we present a review of the literature (1997 …” „… to the present) on the cost of CRC and AMI. An important characteristic of this research is that no …” „… attempt was made to implement uniform cost measures, measurement methods, or sample selection procedures …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Literature S. 99-100

„… disease specific costs of care: application to Medicare enrollees diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Med …” „… , 2004. Desideri A et al. Cost of strategies after myocardial infarction (COSTAMI). European Heart …” „… Journal 2003; 24: 1630-1639.Dormont B, Milcent C. The sources of hospital cost variability. Health …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Conclusion S. 95-96

„… 95Chapter 7: Conclusion and RecommendationsIn this study we estimated and compared the costs of …” „… readmissions.7.1 ConclusionOur findings and conclusions can be summarized as follows:1. The inpatient costs of …” „… treating AMI in the US are almost four times higher than in Germany, and the costs of treating CRC are …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Objectives and Research Questions S. 21-23

„… provide policymakers with little information that might be used to reduce costs or improve outcomes. They …” „… information on differences in health care costs, utilization, and outcomes. Comparing Germany and the US is of …” „… relying on country-aggregate statistics, we compared costs, utilization and outcomes between countries …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Data Transformations S. 41-43

„… costs for both countries in one currency, we considered exchange rates and purchasing power parities …” „… (PPP). Exchange rates and PPPs are commonly used for international cost comparisons in health care …” „… country-level cost estimates of medical care, but does not seem to affect country rankings greatly (Gerdtham and …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Relevance S. 23-24

„… 231.2 RelevanceOur review of studies that report on the costs of AMI and CRC in a number of …” „… countries, as most studies typically focus only on one country (Chapter 2). Furthermore, cost measures …” „… find a single study that directly and comprehensively compared the costs of AMI and CRC between two or …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Outcomes S. 91-92

„… not allowed to make profits (contrary to US health plans) might explain part of the cost differential …” „… . It might be possible that overhead and transaction costs are higher in the US, because the system is …” „… hand, many aspects of US managed care designed to contain cost, such as copayments for ambulatory care …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Study Sample S. 43-44

„… impact on cost (either in terms of the cost per procedure, or the volume of procedures performed) had to …” „… , for the first 3 quarters of the year 2004. 3.3 Statistical AnalysisTo measure the costs of treating a …” „… , with and without the disease and define the cost of treating the disease as the difference between the …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Models for Prices S. 173-194

„… 173Appendix 5: Models for PricesModelsWe estimated the cost in the year after the initial diagnosis …” „… ^2)/100, to allow for a curvilinear relation between Cost and length-of-stay. We show regression results …” „… (AMI).175Predicting costs holding prices and demographics constantSubsequently we predicted costs under …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Prices S. 67-69

„… %sensory organs 12 % 17 %diagnostic agents 11 %various 5 % 6 %unknown 67 % 36 %68copy and the cost of a …” „… respectively. Although Tables 4.9 and 4.10 showed estimated costs for a typical German citizen in the US …” „… further by estimating the inpatient cost of treating AMI and CRC using a country’s own typical treatment …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries General Characteristics S. 39-41

„… distinct patients through a unique (scrambled) patient identifier. As such, we were able to observe cost …” „… any meaningful way4.Second, in the US data, costs are measured at the procedure level, whereas in …” „… 2003. 40dures during this stay, in Germany we only observe the cost for the entire hospitalization …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Summary of Key Findings S. 24

„… costs between Germany and the US than suggested by existing data on health care expenditure (such as …” „… shown in Figure 1.1). For example, we estimated the cost of treating people with an AMI to be almost …” „… four times as high in the US as in Germany. For CRC, costs differed by a factor three. These …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Recommendations S. 96-98

„… regarding the cost and/or quality of health care provided. Hence, policy makers should be informed about the …” „… cost and outcomes of health care at the disease-level using individual patient-level observations.2 …” „… US are the relatively high cost and readmission rates for AMI. Of interest to both countries is the …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Organization of the Remainder of the Report S. 24-26

„… costs between Germany and the US than suggested by existing data on health care expenditure (such as …” „… shown in Figure 1.1). For example, we estimated the cost of treating people with an AMI to be almost …” „… four times as high in the US as in Germany. For CRC, costs differed by a factor three. These …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Demographics S. 51-52

„… question (How do the costs of treating AMI and CRC differ between Germany and the US?), we present results …” „… on the costs of treating AMI and CRC in both countries. We then continue by investigating the second …” „… research question (How can we explain those cost differences in terms of demographic characteristics …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Authors S. 197-198

„… the costs of prescription drugs. He published three studies in JAMA examining the impact of …” „… compliance in private health plans and a Department of Defense project examining pharmaceutical use and costs …” „… of military retirees under TRICARE. Other studies by Dr Joyce have examined the lifetime costs of …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries The US Health Care System S. 35-36

„… , the insurer would pay all or most of the cost of each care episode, with limits determined largely by …” „… mechanisms for controlling cost and improving quality. They can selectively contract with providers who meet …” „… particular cost criteria and exceed certain quality criteria. They can choose among salaries, fee-for-service …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries A Rough Comparison of the Two Systems S. 36-38

„… mechanisms for controlling cost and improving quality. They can selectively contract with providers who meet …” „… particular cost criteria and exceed certain quality criteria. They can choose among salaries, fee-for-service …” „… procedures and can set different rates of reimbursement (and cost sharing) for care obtained through …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries The German Health Care System S. 34-35

„… contributions (premiums) from their members and reimbursing hospitals and physicians for the cost of health care …” „… health care costs, regional governments are responsible for financing hospital buildings and large-scale …” „… , the insurer would pay all or most of the cost of each care episode, with limits determined largely by …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Treatment of Colorectal Cancer S. 27-28

„… international literature on the comparative costs of these diseases worldwide and compare the German and US …” „… our study, we did not analyze the costs of screening/diagnosis and long-term follow-up programs and …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Treatments S. 78-83

„… outpatient costs within 365 days before (left) and 90 days after (right) initial CRC diagnosis for 15 …” „… costs within 365 days before (left) and 90 days after (right) initial AMI diagnosis for 15 quarterly …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Outcomes S. 69

„… might be an indication of the quality of Table 4.19 One-year cost of treating CRC and AMI holding prices …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Quality of Care S. 69-72

„… might be an indication of the quality of Table 4.19 One-year cost of treating CRC and AMI holding prices …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211794

Christoph Wollersheim - On the Provision of Airport Infrastructure in Germany

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Christoph Wollersheim

On the Provision of Airport Infrastructure in Germany

Series: Beiträge und Studien des Instituts für Verkehrswissenschaft der Universität Münster

Volume 2 2011

Results in this title

External Costs S. 106-111

„… CostsCosts for the non-users of the airportPrivate CostsConstruction & operational costs, borne by users …” „… trafficMarginal utility (MU)Marginal costs (MC)private MCsocial MCsocial MUprivate MUSPUZQR0 Q0 Q* Q1 Source: Own …” „… translation, based on ECOPLAN (1993), p. VII. Economic units consider only their private costs and benefits …”

Cost Structures of Airports S. 30-38

„… Runway Short Term Average CostsTwo Terminals & one Runway Short Term Average CostsThree Terminals & two …” „… Runways Short Term Average CostsLong Term Average Costs Source: Own depiction following Doganis (1992), p …” „… principles and consequences of airport financing in general, section II.A deals with their typical cost …”

Selection of the Provision Unit for Airport-Related External Benefits S. 227-231

„… GovernmentSignalling CostsRelocation CostsTotal Costs231 The figure demonstrates that, in a general point of view …” „… CostsHorizontal Coordination Costs1 = Municipalities2 = Administrative Districts3 = Federal States4 = Federal …” „… 227 Table 27: Mobility Costs on Different Federal Levels Category Municipalities Administrative …”

External Benefits S. 111-166

„… , especially compared to cost-savings in agglomerations, the competitiveness of deglomerations. In consequence …” „… environmental costs is water pollution and use. Water pollution can occur when surface water is contaminated by …” „… category of environmental costs, energy consumption and waste, is relevant for any company, but for …”

Theory S. 45-49

„… / Vasigh (2003). 71 See Forsyth (2003), p. 8. TrafficRevenues, CostsUnit RevenuesUnit Costs1 – 2 million …” „… two previous sections, one can expect financial problems for smaller airports. Unit-costs of airports …” „… can occur). The following figure summarises the shapes of the unit-cost curve and the unit revenue …”

Advantages of Decentralisation S. 193-196

„… accordingly.520 This is brought forward in Oates’ Decentralisation Theorem: “… in the absence of cost-savings …” „… . These cost-savings are due to political economic advantages and would be even more important than the …” „… as the principle of equivalence is fulfilled.517 Furthermore, preferences and costs vary among …”

Advantages of Centralisation S. 191-193

„… : “… in the absence of cost-savings from the centralised provision of a good and of interjurisdictional …” „… effects though. Privately owned and operated airports are likely to be more cost-efficient than publicly …” „… expect compensating advantages. The main advantages are cost reductions through economies of scale …”

On the Choice of the Optimal Level of Centralisation S. 196-227

„… transaction costs for the enforceability may be disproportional and thus exclusion not appropriate. See …” „… centralisation, greater cost savings, and lower individual influence, Grossekettler (2003) stresses the following …” „… the appropriate provision unit. Only when organisational costs for providing a specific good are very …”

The State’s Make or Buy Decision S. 173-185

„… focus on transaction costs, transformation costs, and procedure preference costs …” „… (Verfahrenspräferenzkosten). 1.1 Transaction Costs The transaction cost theory breaches with the assumptions of perfect …” „… markets and focuses on institutions with the objective to reduce transaction costs. Transaction costs …”

Conclusions Regarding the Public Production of Airport Services S. 185-186

„… the Public Production of Airport Services The above introduced cost categories are the fields that a …” „… transformation costs are likely to be lower with private production, due to specialisation advantages, the …” „… consideration of the two other cost categories leads to more ambivalent results. When the quality of the product …”

Conclusions S. 232-236

„… 232 VI. Conclusions Having high fixed costs, low variable costs and an adverse revenue structure …” „… to cover their operational costs. The entry of low-cost airlines puts additional pressure on …” „… costs, most airports are not able to finance airport expansion schemes with own cash flows. They are …”

Empirical Results S. 49-53

„… require an investment for which funds may not be available and may not prove to be cost effective.80 Foley …” „… million WLUs) Large airports (> 3 million WLUs) Real costs per WLU 24.79 16.80 Real revenues per WLU 19.95 …” „… average, German airports with less than three million annual WLUs had significantly higher costs at EUR …”

Alternative Ways to Gain Regional External Benefits S. 186-191

„… operators in general are able to produce at lower costs. That these cost-advantages are able to be …” „… management would lead to cost advantages regarding transformation costs as well. The fact that any shift of …” „… ownership from public to private induces transaction costs is valid for airport privatisations as well …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… excessively cost-intensive manner. Furthermore, after the withdrawal of foreign armed forces, military …” „… cost-benefit analysis conducted by the state. Prof. Dr. Karl-Hans Hartwig 7 Table of Contents List of …” „… Structure of the Thesis 25C. Delimitation 26II. Profitability of Airports 30A. Cost Structures of Airports …”

Recapitulative Appraisal of Subsidies and State Aid S. 166-172

„… , subsidies are expensive since they are financed through tax money and the cost of raising one Euro through …” „… operational costs or not. Since airports and their (mostly) regional or local owners are aware of the fact …” „… offers in order to convince airlines to serve them. Especially since the growth of the low-cost market …”

Revenue Structures of Airports S. 38-45

„… 38 (5) WLU* = 7,377,165.2 Unit Costs at airport thus fall until a traffic volume of about seven …” „… costs of terminal and landside operations that accrue from the number of passengers handled in spite of …” „… to costs and third, charges must conform to the principle of equal treatment. How- 50 At Frankfurt …”

Bibliography S. 237-262

„… ), Discussion Paper No. 1096. Barbot, C. (2004): Low cost carriers, secondary airports and State aid: an …” „… segmentation - How do the demands for airport services differ between full-service carriers and low-cost …” „… regionalwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Low-Cost Marktes im Raum Köln/Bonn – Studie für den Köln/Bonn Airport, die IHK …”

List of Figures S. 11-12

„… 26 Figure 5: Cost Structures of Western European Airports 31 Figure 6: Average Costs as a Function of …” „… Traffic Volume 33 Figure 7: Unit Cost as a Function of Airport Size 37 Figure 8: Airport-Airline …” „… Figure 10: Break Down of Turnarounds by Airport Size 44 Figure 11: Unit Cost- and Unit Revenue-Curves 46 …”

List of Tables S. 13-14

„… : Classification of Airports Following their Traffic Volumes 29 Table 3: Cost Efficiency Depending on Airport Size …” „… Airport Regions 211 Table 24: Administration Costs on Different Federal Levels 217 Table 25: Coordination …” „… Costs on Different Federal Levels 219 Table 26: Coordination Costs on Different Federal Levels 221 Table …”

Starting Point S. 19-25

„… , mostly public, shareholders. Since the rise of low-cost airlines, which are willing to use underutilised …” „… persistent low-cost-boom (e.g. Kassel / Calden, Hof / Plauen). 3 See EU-Commission (2007), p. 25. 4 …” „… Wallonia. The airport operator acquiesced to a wide range of benefits for the Irish low-cost airline …”

Airport Ownership S. 54-62

„… of airport infrastructure. At the same time the investment and operating costs should be minimised …” „… (Built-Operate-Own).110 As soon as the project is completed, the private investor has to cover the operating costs …” „… costs and greater efficiency with private ownership and operations? What impact would there be on the …”

German Airport Policy S. 65-84

„… supposed to reconstruct the airport was estimated to cost EUR 770 million. Back then the owners of the …” „… transit railways were estimated to cost EUR 350 million. Again the federal government (then 26 percent of …” „… Enhancement of the Intermodal Connectivity Hahn Airport: Improved access to the motorway network will cost …”

Objectives and Structure of the Thesis S. 25-26

„… fiscal equivalence and the minimisation of organisational costs the degree of centrality of the provision …” „… concede favourable conditions from airports to (low-cost-) airlines for securing a certain amount of …” „… costs of overinvestment in transport infrastructure were lower than those of underinvestment. See Helm …”

Conclusions Regarding the Production of External Benefits S. 191

„… effects though. Privately owned and operated airports are likely to be more cost-efficient than publicly …” „… expect compensating advantages. The main advantages are cost reductions through economies of scale …” „… financing, lead to a reduction of unit-costs. One common example is national defence, which is a pure public …”

List of Abbreviations S. 15-18

„… Benefit Cost Ratio BRE Bremen Airport BMVBW Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bauen und Wohnen BUSINESST …” „… Business Taxes BVWP Bundesverkehrswegeplan CAA Civil Aviation Authority CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis CCI …” „… MC Marginal Costs MGL Moenchengladbach Airport MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight MU Marginal Utility …”

Delimitation S. 26-29

„… how airport revenues are generated and what the cost structure of an airport looks like. Chapter III …” „… useage or are upgraded smaller airfields. These airports cater mostly to charter and low-cost carriers …” „… airports Residual airports with connections to Frankfurt or Munich and charter or low-cost flights. 13 …”

Financial Support to German Airports S. 265-271

„… 265 Appendix 2: Financial Support to German Airports Airport Year Measure Costs (Partial) Financing …”

Public Airport Financing S. 62-65

„… external costs they produce (for example CO2 emissions in Aviation) it should be judged as a subsidy. Those …”

Discussion of the Different Airport Policies S. 94-98

„… cost-effective development of air transport and its infrastructure and establishes standards and roles for …”

France S. 91-94

„… interest (with either major environmental of socio-economic impacts), was founded. Today, cost …”

Great Britain S. 84-91

„… anti-competitive but it helped however, combined with cost control and investment projects which were more in line …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228211

Bertrand P. Wägenbaur - Court of Justice of the EU

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Bertrand P. Wägenbaur

Court of Justice of the EU

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

Results in this title

[Costs] S. 177-179

„… , research is no longer limited to the case law as of mid-2007.Article 38 [Costs]The Court of Justice shall …” „… adjudicate upon costs.Outline:1. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Costs of the proceedings …”

[Costs] S. 966-969

„… the language of the case shall be regarded asrecoverable costs.In the event of inaccurate translations …” „… event the applicant wins the case, but only bears its own costs.The fact that intellectual property …” „… .Article 136 [Costs]1. Where an action against a decision of a Board of Appeal is successful, theGeneral …”

[Costs] S. 935

„… [Costs]The General Court shall decide on the costs relating to the proceedingsinstituted before it and to the …” „… final ruling it will alsodecide on the costs. By contrast, if the case is referred back to the GC, the …” „… GC willrule on all costs relating to the proceedings2096.CHAPTER 4ADECISIONS OF THE GENERAL COURT …”

[Costs] S. 976-977

„… shall apply after the expiry of the periodprescribed for lodging them.Article 148 [Costs]Where the …” „… case, the General Court shall make adecision as to costs.Article 88 shall apply only to appeals brought …”

[Judicial costs] S. 806-809

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 90 [Judicial costs]Proceedings before the General …” „… language of the GC.Article 91 [Recoverable costs]Without prejudice to the preceding Article, the following …” „… shall be regarded asrecoverable costs:(a) sums payable to witnesses and experts under Article 74;(b …”

[Recoverable costs] S. 809-830

„… submission into French, the working language of the GC.Article 91 [Recoverable costs]Without prejudice to the …” „… preceding Article, the following shall be regarded asrecoverable costs:(a) sums payable to witnesses and …” „… rule on the costs before OHIM since costshave already been fixed in the decision, which is enforceable …”

Recoverable costs S. 482-486

„… this provision has, in any event, littlesignificance in practice.Article 144 Recoverable costsWithout …” „… prejudice to the preceding Article, the following shall be regarded asrecoverable costs:(a) sums payable to …” „… , however, the debtor needs to reimburse travel costsand subsistence costs of the respective witnesses and …”

[Allocation of costs] S. 791-803

„… that each party bear its own costs.The General Court may order a party, even if successful, to pay …” „… costs.The States, other than the Member States, which are parties to the EEAAgreement, and also the EFTA …” „… decision as to costsshall be in accordance with that agreement.If costs are not applied for, the parties …”

Costs in appeals S. 553-554

„… decidethat he shall bear his own costs.I. General1 Depending upon the particular situation concerning the …” „… includes a decision on costs.II. General reference (paragraph 1)2 Given the principles of equal treatment …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 7COSTS AND LEGAL AID IN APPEALSArticle 184 Costs in …”

Costs of interveners S. 479

„… intervener other than those referred to in thepreceding paragraphs to bear his own costs.I. Member States …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 140 Costs of interveners1. The Member States and …” „… institutions which have intervened in the proceedings shall bear their own costs.2. The States, other than the …”

Costs of proceedings S. 481-482

„… phrase “incur avoidable costs”includes costs which are not incurred as part of normal court proceedings …” „… Recoverable costsWithout prejudice to the preceding Article, the following shall be regarded asrecoverable …” „… costs:(a) sums payable to witnesses and experts under Article 73 of these Rules;(b) expenses necessarily …”

Decision as to costs S. 475-476

„… 137 Decision as to costsA decision as to costs shall be given in the judgment or order which closes …” „… theproceedings.Only judgments or orders closing a case contain a ruling regarding the costs.Thus, the costs which …” „… costs,pay a proportion of the costs of the other party.I. General rule (paragraph 1)1In principle the …”

Unreasonable or vexatious costs S. 477-479

„… .Article 139 Unreasonable or vexatious costsThe Court may order a party, even if successful, to pay costs …” „… other than those referred to in thepreceding paragraphs to bear his own costs.I. Member States and/or …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmin Art. 141 et seq. RP ECJ apply. Such ruling on costs …”

Witnesses’ and experts’ costs S. 370-371

„… the witnesses’ costsor the costs of the expert’s report.2. Witnesses and experts shall be entitled to …” „… themeaning of Art. 73 (1) RP ECJ.Article 73 Witnesses’ and experts’ costs1. Where the Court orders the …” „… have carried out their respective duties or tasks.I. Security for the costs (paragraph 1)1The security …”

[Supplementing the part on costs] S. 790-791

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 85 [Supplementing the part on costs]If the General …” „… appeallimited to the part of the judgment pertaining to costs.II. Upon application1. General2Unlike the …” „… Court should omit to give a decision on costs, any party maywithin a month after service of the judgment …”

[Costs of enforcement of a judgment] S. 805-806

„… [Judicial costs]Proceedings before the General Court shall be free of charge, except that:(a) where a party …” „… even systematically1173 on it does not constitute amisuse, nor does it turn the CST’s rules on costs …” „… costs. Pursuant to the morerecent case-law, the institution must prove that fees paid to its lawyer were …”

Costs of the preliminary ruling proceedings S. 417

„… own costs.Article 103 Rectification of judgments and orders1. Clerical mistakes, errors in calculation …” „… ruling,i.e. at a rather early stage of the proceedings.Article 102 Costs of the preliminary ruling …” „… proceedingsIt shall be for the referring court or tribunal to decide as to the costs of thepreliminary ruling …”

General rules as to allocation of costs S. 476-477

„… apply to appeals591 and referrals for preliminary rulings592.Article 137 Decision as to costsA decision …” „… orders closing a case contain a ruling regarding the costs.Thus, the costs which occur in the context of …” „… ofthe case, the Court may order that one party, in addition to bearing its own costs,pay a proportion of …”

Dispute concerning the costs to be recovered S. 486-492

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm14c) Travel and subsistence costs. aa) Agents, advisers …” „… , i.e. not exorbitant, concerning their amount.bb) Other persons15Travel and subsistence costs of …” „… . Exorbitant travel andaccommodation costs are, by definition, not necessary and thus not recoverable.16d …”

Costs in the event of discontinuance or withdrawal S. 479-481

„… intervener other than those referred to in thepreceding paragraphs to bear his own costs.I. Member States …” „… bear their own costs.I. Rule (paragraph 1)1A party, i.e. the applicant, who discontinues or withdraws a …” „… of procedure”620. If no party lodges a plea on costs,then the ECJ may decide that each party bears …”

Costs where a case does not proceed to judgment S. 481

„… phrase “incur avoidable costs”includes costs which are not incurred as part of normal court proceedings …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 142 Costs where a case does not proceed to …” „… judgmentWhere a case does not proceed to judgment the costs shall be in the discretionof the Court.A case does …”

[Staff cases] S. 803-805

„… proceedingsbetween the Union and its servants the institutions shall bear their own costs.I. Essentially obsolete …” „… provision1. Applicants1 Art. 87 (2) RP GC, which provides that the unsuccessful party bear the costs,does …” „… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmdecision1160. The defendant may also bear all costs if he …”

Index S. 980-997

„… cases RP GC 88– Taxation of costs RP GC 92 seeTaxation of costsCosts Index907Reemers Publishing Services …” „… .– Costs RP GC 87 et seq. see CostsGeneral Court (GC) Index909Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …” „… – General Court RP GC 12 1 et seq.Allocation of costs– Interveners RP GC 87 28 et seq.– Principle RP GC 87 4 …”

[Modalities of payment] S. 854-855

„… costs.III. Other party bears costs of recipient (paragraph 3)3 If the other party is ordered to pay the …” „… , the recipient oflegal aid has to bear his own costs, the President shall fix the lawyer’s …” „… the proceedings, the General Court hasordered another party to pay the costs of the recipient of legal …”

Effect on a cross-appeal of the discontinuance or manifest inadmissibility of the appeal S. 552-553

„… takes part in the proceedings, the Court may decidethat he shall bear his own costs.I. General1 …” „… will then hand down its finaljudgment, which includes a decision on costs.II. General reference …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm2. Judicial costs7As a rule, the proceedings before the ECJ …”

[Amicable settlement] S. 855-856

„… the proceedings should the recipient of legalaid have to bear his own costs.III. Other party bears …” „… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmII. Recipient bears his own costs (paragraph 2)2 Normally, a …” „… taxation of costs requires an application1575. Paragraph 2 provides anexception which applies at the end of …”

a [Ruling without oral procedure] S. 966

„… the language of the case shall be regarded asrecoverable costs.In the event of inaccurate translations …” „… event the applicant wins the case, but only bears its own costs.The fact that intellectual property …” „… .Article 136 [Costs]1. Where an action against a decision of a Board of Appeal is successful, theGeneral …”

Procedure for payment S. 492-493

„… hands down an order removing thecase from the docket and rendering a decision on the costs.III …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmV. Taxation order1. Costs of taxation proceedings included …” „… 15In fixing the recoverable costs, the Court takes account of all the circumstances ofthe case up to …”

[Statement of defence, reply and rejoinder] S. 963-966

„… ofpleadings or other documents into the language of the case shall be regarded asrecoverable costs.In the …” „… costs of theproceedings in the event the applicant wins the case, but only bears its own costs.The fact …” „… an oral hearing2223.Article 136 [Costs]1. Where an action against a decision of a Board of Appeal is …”

[Rectifying judgments] S. 786-790

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 85 [Supplementing the part on costs]If the General Court …” „… appeallimited to the part of the judgment pertaining to costs.II. Upon application1. General2Unlike the …” „… should omit to give a decision on costs, any party maywithin a month after service of the judgment apply …”

Amicable settlement S. 493-494

„… a decision on the costs.III. Exceptions (paragraph 2)3 Neither an action for annulment nor a failure …” „… adecision as to costs in accordance with Article 141, having regard to anyproposals made by the parties on …” „… question of costs. If the parties do not reachan agreement on costs, the ECJ will give a decision in this …”

[Appeal limited to points of law] S. 237-248

„… ”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33IV. No appeal limited to decisions on costs and taxation of costs(paragraph 2 …” „… lie regarding only the amount of the costs or the partyordered to pay them.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342. Decision on the allocation on costs …”

Objection to a witness or expert S. 368-370

„… security for the witnesses’ costsor the costs of the expert’s report.2. Witnesses and experts shall be …” „… any travel costs at the time when they are excluded. Should the witnesshave incurred any travel and …” „… ” within themeaning of Art. 73 (1) RP ECJ.Article 73 Witnesses’ and experts’ costs1. Where the Court orders …”

[Procedural and substantive conditions] S. 841-848

„… partthe costs involved in legal assistance and representation by a lawyer”, which, in thesame vein as Art …” „… 08:41:523B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmLegal aid shall cover, in whole or in part, the costs …” „… . Thecashier of the General Court shall be responsible for those costs.2. Any natural person who, because of …”

Request for clarification S. 415-417

„… own costs.Article 103 Rectification of judgments and orders1. Clerical mistakes, errors in calculation …” „… ruling,i.e. at a rather early stage of the proceedings.Article 102 Costs of the preliminary ruling …” „… proceedingsIt shall be for the referring court or tribunal to decide as to the costs of thepreliminary ruling …”

Rectification of judgments and orders S. 417-419

„… own costs.Article 103 Rectification of judgments and orders1. Clerical mistakes, errors in calculation …” „… ruling,i.e. at a rather early stage of the proceedings.Article 102 Costs of the preliminary ruling …” „… proceedingsIt shall be for the referring court or tribunal to decide as to the costs of thepreliminary ruling …”

[Handing down of judgments] S. 177

„… , research is no longer limited to the case law as of mid-2007.Article 38 [Costs]The Court of Justice shall …” „… adjudicate upon costs.Outline:1. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Costs of the proceedings …”

[Statement of reasons] S. 174-177

„… , research is no longer limited to the case law as of mid-2007.Article 38 [Costs]The Court of Justice shall …” „… adjudicate upon costs.Outline:1. Introduction …” „… applicationsamounted to a misuse and that the applicants had to bear their own costs eventhough they had won the case …”

a S. 935-936

„… [Costs]The General Court shall decide on the costs relating to the proceedingsinstituted before it and to the …” „… final ruling it will alsodecide on the costs. By contrast, if the case is referred back to the GC, the …” „… GC willrule on all costs relating to the proceedings2096.CHAPTER 4ADECISIONS OF THE GENERAL COURT …”

[Applicable provisions] S. 934-935

„… interveners in the appealsproceedings2095.Article 121 [Costs]The General Court shall decide on the costs …” „… ofJustice.If the ECJ sets aside the decision of the GC and gives a final ruling it will alsodecide on the costs …” „… . By contrast, if the case is referred back to the GC, the GC willrule on all costs relating to the …”

[Contents of an application] S. 659-682

„… of errors such as missingpages, and, last but not least, shipping and copying costs.c) Meeting the …” „… be limited to the judgement on costs.Rules of Procedure of the General Court of the EURP GC Art …” „… /978-3-406-60325-9/3d/03_RP GC.3d from 21.11.2012 08:40:313B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmdd) Order on costs …”

[Exclusion of the proceedings] S. 637-643

„… shall be freeof charge, except where a party has forced the Tribunal to incur avoidable costs:In cases F …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26d) Possible bearing on the costs …” „… be sanctioned as follows:19 (1) Financially– Costs of the proceedings. So far, the GC (somewhat …”

[Judgments] S. 781-784

„… of the judgment, including the decision as to costs.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… on costs (Art. 85), if necessary, and theirpublication (Article 86).II. Orders2 The current version …” „… in order to limit costs (translation and publicationcosts) it would require no particular effort to …”

[Publication of the case-law] S. 791

„… befound on the “Eur-Lex” website.CHAPTER 6COSTSPreliminaryI. Introduction1 Chapter 6 mainly focuses on the …” „… rules concerning the allocation of the procedurecosts. Allocation of costs at the GC is based on the …” „… principle that the losing party isto pay the costs of the procedure; nevertheless, a number of exceptions …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-75

„… .................... De´pens (costs)EAEC ................. European Atomic Energy CommunityEC....................... European …” „… ] ............................................................................... 102Article 38 [Costs …” „… ............................................................................. 293Article 73 Witnesses’ and experts’ costs …”

Rectification S. 502-505

„… has failed to adjudicate on a specific head of claim or on costs,any party wishing to rely on that may …” „… modification of costs, Joined cases C-89/85, C-104/85, C-114/85, C-117/85 and C-125/85to C-129/85 m Ahlstro¨m …” „… ) sought in the main proceedings or with respect to costs are, as one wouldexpect, extremely rare. Since …”

[Preliminary report] S. 976

„… shall apply after the expiry of the periodprescribed for lodging them.Article 148 [Costs]Where the …” „… case, the General Court shall make adecision as to costs.Article 88 shall apply only to appeals brought …”

Sums to be advanced as legal aid S. 557

„… applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs maybe paid.2. In its decision as to costs the …” „… costsinvolved in the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. Atthe request of the …”

Content of a judgment S. 387-388

„… ) the operative part of the judgment, including, where appropriate, thedecision as to costs.I. General1 …” „… errors and/or the operative part on cost andinterpretation of judgments5Under the conditions lain down in …”

Failure to adjudicate S. 505-506

„… on costs,any party wishing to rely on that may, within a month after service of thedecision, apply to …” „… an individual aspect of theorder(s) sought in the main proceedings or with respect to costs are, as …”

Withdrawal of legal aid S. 557-558

„… applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs maybe paid.2. In its decision as to costs the …” „… costsinvolved in the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. Atthe request of the …”

[Oral procedure] S. 975-976

„… shall apply after the expiry of the periodprescribed for lodging them.Article 148 [Costs]Where the …” „… case, the General Court shall make adecision as to costs.Article 88 shall apply only to appeals brought …”

Decision on the application for legal aid S. 556-557

„… Court. Atthe request of the applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs maybe paid.2. In …” „… its decision as to costs the Court may order the payment to the cashier ofthe Court of sums advanced …” „… of the Court, for costsinvolved in the assistance and representation of the applicant before the …”

[Appeals limited to points of law] S. 273-275

„… appeals concerning costs984 and orders on taxation of costsechoes Art. 58 (2) Statute ECJ.Article 12 [No …” „… amount of the costs or the partyordered to pay them.969 Case T-510/09 P, V v Commission [2011] (not yet …”

[Manifestly inadmissible or unfounded] S. 900-905

„… beordered to pay the costs.d) Manifestly lacking any foundation in law8This category is the least …” „… defence1871. Such cases prevent the defendantfrom seeking any order regarding the costs, but, as such a …”

[No suspensory effect] S. 275

„… excluded (paragraph 2)4 The exclusion of appeals concerning costs984 and orders on taxation of costsechoes …”

[Annulment and Referring Back] S. 275-276

„… excluded (paragraph 2)4 The exclusion of appeals concerning costs984 and orders on taxation of costsechoes …”

Oral testimony S. 364-365

„… (paragraph 4)5 This provision relates to witnesses and expert’s costs.Article 67 Examination of witnesses1 …”

Examination of witnesses S. 365-366

„… (paragraph 4)5 This provision relates to witnesses and expert’s costs.Article 67 Examination of witnesses1 …”

Date of delivery of a judgment S. 386-387

„… appropriate, thedecision as to costs.I. General1 This list of “essential” components applies to interlocutory …”

INTRODUCTION S. 276-282

„… costs.VI. Derived law and further levels of regulation14The RP ECJ are supplemented and detailed by a large …”

[Language of the case] S. 620-628

„… costs, etc. In other words, once a language has becomethe “language of the case”, the party who opted …” „… the intervener is able to obtain such translation175, unless the costsfor such translation are …”

[Taxation] S. 830-841

„… these costs oraccept a flat rate of 5 % on the legal fees deemed to have been necessarilyincurred1388.ff …” „… ) Other82“Administrative costs” of lawyers1389; contacts between lawyers and a citycouncil; contacts …” „… the GC1390.Article 92 [Taxation]1. If there is a dispute concerning the costs to be recovered, the …”

[Appeal] S. 228-235

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9bb) Costs …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252. Amending the rules on costs …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26b) Costs of the proceedings …”

[Abbreviated appeal] S. 235-237

„… judicial protection.26 2. Amending the rules on costs. a) General. It seems thus more realistic to …” „… reflecton measures which are less complex and yet also likely to curb the number ofappeals.b) Costs of the …” „… proceedings27 One such measure could be the amendment of the rules on costs. One could, e.g.,reflect as to …”

[Applicable rules of the Statute] S. 267-270

„… settlement.(5) The Civil Service Tribunal shall rule on the costs of a case. Subject to thespecific …” „… provisions of the Rules of Procedure, the unsuccessful party shall beordered to pay the costs should the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13V. Costs (paragraph 5 …”

Manifestly inadmissible or manifestly unfounded appeal or cross-appeal S. 550-552

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. Costs of the proceedings …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Judicial costs …” „… Advocate General.1. Costs of the proceedingsThe costs of the proceedings are determined on the basis of Art …”

Legal aid S. 554-556

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmbear its own costs883. In exceptional cases, the ECJ may …” „… also order that thesuccessful party bears the costs it has caused either without reason or vexatiously …” „… MemberState or institution may be ordered to bear its own886 or all costs even if it wins theappeal.5This …”

[Discontinuing the proceedings] S. 856-858

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmII. Costs (paragraph 1)2Should the parties come to an …” „… agreement on costs, the GC shall be bound by suchagreement1579. In the absence of such agreement, Art. 87 (5 …” „… the register and shall give a decision as to costs in accordance withArticle 87(5).I. Definitions1A …”

[General rules for pleadings] S. 643-659

„… missingpages, and, last but not least, shipping and copying costs.c) Meeting the time-limit42 A further …”

[Specific procedure] S. 851-854

„… provide for acontribution to be made by the person concerned to the costs referred to inArticle 94(1 …” „… , the recipient oflegal aid has to bear his own costs, the President shall fix the lawyer’s …” „… the proceedings, the General Court hasordered another party to pay the costs of the recipient of legal …”

[Transmitting cases, suspension] S. 270-271

„… ambition and/or the perceived need to please hisclient.V. Costs (paragraph 5)14This provision has replaced …” „… their own costs unless their case wasconsidered to be vexatious. This privilege seemed a bit corporatist …” „… in that itdeparted from the standard ECJ cost rules, e.g. those applying to actions forannulment …”

[Interim proceedings and suspending enforcement] S. 179-181

„… to the Court costs, there are probablygood reasons to differentiate, to some extent, between the …” „… various legal remediesand to determine the Court costs on an ad valorem basis, within the principle …” „… ofequal treatment.4. Taxation of costs6 Parties use this procedure as a last resort, i.e. in case they …”

[Translations] S. 628-631

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4c) Costs …” „… hearing is more likely to succeed197.c) Costs5The costs for the translation are dealt with in Art. 17 (2 …” „… onthe Court’s website199, where they are available at no cost, regardless of whether ornot they are …”

Discontinuance S. 494-495

„… order the case to be removedfrom the register and shall give a decision as to costs in accordance …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5I. General1. Unilateral act1This rule governs the conditions, consequences, and costs of a …” „… to take note of the withdrawal of theapplication and will comment on costs. The ECJ will then decide …”

Order for suspension of operation or for interim measures S. 526-528

„… proceedings.2. Costs2 The decision on costs remains reserved, which means that it will be made duringthe main …” „… proceedings be rejected prior to any order, thePresident shall adopt a specific decision on costs. In rare …” „… cases, the order adopted inthe interim proceedings includes a decision on costs, e.g. in the case of a …”

Decision on the substance S. 475

„… nothand down an opinion.CHAPTER 6COSTS1. General1 The rules on costs589 are inspired by those applicable …” „… otherparty to defend itself bears all costs if it loses the case. In other words, the party whowas right in …”

Responsibilities of the Registrar S. 297-300

„… balance needs tobe struck between the relevance of the judicial decision and the costs of publication.b …” „… not only at a cost, but needs to be stored.3. Website of the ECJ7 The Website of the ECJ46, which is …” „… further improved. Itprovides – at no cost – a chronological, updated list of all decisions, i.e …”

Oral part of the procedure S. 474-475

„… nothand down an opinion.CHAPTER 6COSTS1. General1 The rules on costs589 are inspired by those applicable …” „… otherparty to defend itself bears all costs if it loses the case. In other words, the party whowas right in …”

Written part of the procedure S. 565-566

„… not deliver a formalopinion.V. Costs (paragraph 6)5 Since there are no specific rules governing orders …” „… for costs in a review, theinterested parties referred to in Art. 23 Statute ECJ and the parties to the …” „… covered by the review bear their own costs during thereview procedure.TITLE VIIOPINIONSArticle 196 Written …”

[Coming into force] S. 978-980

„… of costs– Interveners RP GC 87 28 et seq.– Principle RP GC 87 4 et seq.– Publication RP GC 12 3 …” „… Tribunal Stat Annex I 9RP GC 136 a et seq. see Appeal CST– Costs Stat 56 26 et seq.– Effect of decision …” „… provisions RP GC 144– Costs RP GC 136 a 3 148– Intervention RP GC 149– Language RP GC 136a– Manifestly …”

Judgment on the substance of the case after a decision to review S. 564-565

„… heard the Advocate-General, who thus does not deliver a formalopinion.V. Costs (paragraph 6)5 Since …” „… there are no specific rules governing orders for costs in a review, theinterested parties referred to in …” „… observations before the ECJconcerning the questions covered by the review bear their own costs during thereview …”

[Administrative support] S. 266-267

„… such settlement.(5) The Civil Service Tribunal shall rule on the costs of a case. Subject to …” „… thespecific provisions of the Rules of Procedure, the unsuccessful party shall beordered to pay the costs …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13V. Costs (paragraph 5 …”

[Representing the parties at Court] S. 120-130

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36c) Possible bearing on the costs …” „… necessary expenditure and thuspart of the reimbursable costs190. Since Members States and institutions are …” „… comments regarding the rules ontaxation of costs in the various Rules of Procedure).187 This provision does …”

Language of a case S. 312-314

„… , interpreters, and thus costs has risen sharply. This is particularly truein the case of the ECJ, where each …” „… gains may be in terms of costs and durationof the proceedings should such a measure be adopted, such a …” „… the General Court which is thesubject of review;(c) in the case of challenges concerning the costs to …”

Exclusion from the proceedings S. 327-330

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135. Costs …” „… serious misconduct, isthe exclusion of the adviser or lawyer from the proceedings.5. Costs14Quite apart …” „… the costs borne by theirparty, which seems particularly justified in those cases in which the party …”

Determination of the language of a case S. 314-317

„… review;(c) in the case of challenges concerning the costs to be recovered, applicationsto set aside …” „… , such as requestsfor interim measures, taxations of costs, revision, interpretation, etc.66 Belgium may …” „… respect to ancillaryproceedings, such as taxation of costs, or all special remedies existing in EU law.IV …”

[Referring an action and staying proceedings] S. 223-227

„… rules (c.f. the lack of explicit rules governing taxation of costs), as long aseither the Statute ECJ or …” „… the TFEU includes an implicit basis for a particularprocedure (in the case of taxation of costs, said …” „… ECJ will refer his pendingapplication to the GC. However, the decision on the costs of the case …”

Cases that do not proceed to judgment S. 495

„… comment on costs. The ECJ will then decide on the basis ofArticle 143 RP ECJ.Article 149 Cases that do not …” „… give adecision as to costs.1. Action for annulment1 It becomes devoid of purpose if the defendant e.g …”

Manifestly well-founded appeal or cross-appeal S. 552

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm2. Judicial costs7As a rule, the proceedings before the ECJ …” „… appellantshould not bear some judicial costs, e.g. in case of obviously inadmissible appeals,although the current …”

Decision on the application for legal aid S. 437

„… Court, for costs involvedin the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. At …” „… therequest of the applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs may bepaid.This provision is …”

Sums to be advanced as legal aid S. 437

„… Court, for costs involvedin the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. At …” „… therequest of the applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs may bepaid.This provision is …”

[Sequence of oral hearings] S. 716-722

„… hearing (see 2–4) hereafter) and somelegal remedies, such as the taxation of costs, do not include any …” „… , such as inthe procedure of taxation of costs or legal aid.III. Attending the oral hearing111. Notice by …” „… accordingly. Otherwise, the party concerned risks having tobear the costs of the oral hearing724. The GC might …”

University teachers and parties to the main proceedings S. 330-331

„… the proceedings.5. Costs14Quite apart from the various forms of sanctions that the ECJ may adopt …” „… behaviour may also have a bearing on the costs borne by theirparty, which seems particularly justified in …”

Delivery and service of the judgment S. 388-389

„… errors and/or the operative part on cost andinterpretation of judgments5Under the conditions lain down in …” „… ) the operative part of the order, including, where appropriate, the decisionas to costs.2. Where, in …”

[Provisions applicable to the GC] S. 222-223

„… governing taxation of costs), as long aseither the Statute ECJ or the TFEU includes an implicit basis for a …” „… particularprocedure (in the case of taxation of costs, said basis is found in Art. 58 (2) StatuteECJ).2. Litigation in …”

Withdrawal of legal aid S. 437-438

„… Court, for costs involvedin the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. At …” „… therequest of the applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs may bepaid.This provision is …”

Absolute bar to proceeding with a case S. 495-496

„… comment on costs. The ECJ will then decide on the basis ofArticle 143 RP ECJ.Article 149 Cases that do not …” „… give adecision as to costs.1. Action for annulment1 It becomes devoid of purpose if the defendant e.g …”

Reply and rejoinder on a cross-appeal S. 549-550

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. Costs of the proceedings …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Judicial costs …”

[Letters rogatory] S. 765-766

„… of the Instructions to the Registrar. In practice, the GC applies the criteria oftaxation of costs953 …” „… detailed statement of costs. These documents shall be sentto the Registrar.The Registrar shall be …”

[Number of judges] S. 216-217

„… , is boundto trigger both a debate on the ensuing costs and a debate on which Member Statesshould be …” „… this system.While this might alleviate the political problem, however, the question of costs …”

[Advocate General] S. 217-218

„… number of Judges by half again, is boundto trigger both a debate on the ensuing costs and a debate on …” „… question of costs stillremains, as adding twelve new Judges to the Court will prove rather …”

[Judgment by default] S. 193-195

„… , which would enable parties to challenge a variety ofCourt decisions, such as a decision on costs, an …” „… order of taxation of costs, and otherdecisions of the EU jurisdictions against which there is currently …”

[Register] S. 608-610

„… proceedings, “AJ”: (“assistance judiciaire”) forlegal aid, “DEP”126 for a taxation of costs, “P” (“pourvoi …” „… .126 “De´pens” (costs). Prior to this acronym, the relevant article of the RP GC would be added …”

Application for legal aid S. 434-437

„… responsible, whereapplicable within the limits set by the formation of the Court, for costs involvedin the …” „… representative, an advance on those costs may bepaid.This provision is about the practical aspects of the actual …”

[Periods of time] S. 860-866

„… respect to an applicationfor taxation of costs, the principle of “reasonable time-limit” applies.II. No …” „… general rule, which concerned costs instaff cases.Article 101 [Periods of time]1. Any period of time …”

[Written and oral procedure] S. 130-136

„… legalremedies, such as an application for the taxation of costs.2. Specific rules2 By contrast, Art. 21 to 23 a …” „… taxation of costs250. If a given case turns out to be manifestlyinadmissible and/or unfounded there is no …”

[Authentic linguistic versions] S. 631

„… and orders in staff casesare published in a separate series (“Public Service”). For reasons of cost …”

[Minutes] S. 766

„… letters rogatory, any documents arising from theimplementation and a detailed statement of costs. These …”

d S. 937

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 121dThe General Court shall decide on the costs …”

[Preliminary pleas not going to the substance] S. 909-917

„… , however, theGC will do so through a judgment1934. The GC issues its decision on costs pursuantto Art. 87 …” „… regarding the costs of the proceedings.On the other hand, every plea of inadmissibility is clearly not to be …”

[Expedited proceedings] S. 273

„… amount of the costs or the partyordered to pay them.969 Case T-510/09 P, V v Commission [2011] (not yet …”

[Objecting to a witness or expert] S. 765

„… of the Instructions to the Registrar. In practice, the GC applies the criteria oftaxation of costs953 …”

[Travel and subsistence expenses] S. 765

„… of the Instructions to the Registrar. In practice, the GC applies the criteria oftaxation of costs953 …”

[Decision declining jurisdiction] S. 780-781

„… (Art. 83); their correction (Art. 84) and completion as regards the operative part on costs (Art. 85 …”

Content of an order S. 389-390

„… ) the operative part of the order, including, where appropriate, the decisionas to costs.2. Where, in …”

Quorum of the Chambers of five and of three Judges S. 311-312

„… , interpreters, and thus costs has risen sharply. This is particularly truein the case of the ECJ, where each …”

Waiver of immunity S. 326-327

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135. Costs …”

[Waiving immunities, privileges and facilities] S. 636-637

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26d) Possible bearing on the costs …”

[Delivery of the judgments] S. 784-785

„… costs, forms the core ofany judgment. This operative part together with the grounds for the decision …”

Keeping of the register S. 300-301

„… topic, again at no cost.b) Room for improvement9It is regrettable though that to date the web-site …”

[Obligation to attend] S. 760-761

„… request the parties or one of them to lodge security forthe costs of the expert’s report.3. At the request …”

c S. 936-937

„… shall decide on the costs relating to the proceedingsinstituted before it following the review of its …”

[Notification of decisions] S. 227-228

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9bb) Costs …”

[Appeals procedure] S. 248-249

„… creating a special legal remedy concerning orders ontaxation of costs, such an order would require a …”

[Perjury] S. 764-765

„… the Instructions to the Registrar. In practice, the GC applies the criteria oftaxation of costs953 …”

[Applying the order] S. 756-757

„… General Court of a sum sufficient to cover the taxed costs thereof; the GeneralCourt shall fix the amount …”

Submission of statements S. 467-469

„… costs in the context of taxation proceedings.3. Offering evidence (lit. c)6 There is hardly any room for …”

[Modalities of service] S. 858-860

„… itsseat1589, i.e. in Luxembourg1590, it faces the inherent risk of a delay, plus thepotential costs for …”

Application to intervene S. 463-465

„… standard 10 days on account of distance.559 The Official Journal is available at no costs on the …”

[Minutes] S. 737-739

„… applicationfor costs805; waiving a given legal ground806; explicitly accepting a request by theother party807 …”

[Assignment, Judge-Rapporteur] S. 594-596

„… taxation of costs to a Chamber. The specific Chamber selectionis based on the internal rules of the GC73 …”

[Appeal] S. 271-273

„… by the Tribunal.(2) No appeal shall lie regarding only the amount of the costs or the partyordered to …”

Joinder S. 344-346

„… costs remain reserved, meaning that theywill be dealt with in the final judgment or order.II. Conditions …”

Use of the language of the case S. 317-320

„… respect to ancillaryproceedings, such as taxation of costs, or all special remedies existing in EU law.IV …”

Content of the defence S. 451-454

„… followed bya petition on the costs of the proceedings. There is no need to specify whether itshould be …”

Interpretation S. 510-513

„… time-limitremains an open issue concerning e.g. applications for taxation of costs (Art. 145RP ECJ).III. Application …”

[Expert’s report] S. 761-764

„… of them to lodge security forthe costs of the expert’s report.3. At the request of the expert, the …”

[Relevant documents] S. 848-851

„… concerned to the costs referred to inArticle 94(1), having regard to his economic situation.4. The …”

[Witnesses] S. 757-760

„… General Court of a sum sufficient to cover the taxed costs thereof; the GeneralCourt shall fix the amount …”

[Absolute bar to proceedings, devoid of purpose] S. 906-909

„… issues its decision on costs pursuantto Art. 87 (6) RP GC, i.e. at the GC’s own judicial …”

Decision relating to the expedited procedure S. 469-473

„… affects the costs in the context of taxation proceedings.3. Offering evidence (lit. c)6 There is hardly …”

[Immunities, privileges and facilities] S. 631-636

„… and orders in staff casesare published in a separate series (“Public Service”). For reasons of cost …”

[Conditions] S. 937-942

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 121dThe General Court shall decide on the costs …”

Lodging of the appeal S. 530-534

„… Excluding the decision on costs, see Art. 51 (2) Statute ECJ and e.g. Case C-253/94 P,Roujansky v Council …”

Procedures for dealing with cases S. 338-344

„… costs remain reserved, meaning that theywill be dealt with in the final judgment or order.II. Conditions …”

[Admission as intervener] S. 917-923

„… same lawyer as the main party whom he supports.This appears to be efficient in terms of time and costs …”

INTRODUCTION S. 576-584

„… the Statute ECJ. This is the caseregarding e.g. the rules on taxation of costs.4. No equivalent in the …”

Application for suspension or for interim measures S. 517-526

„… thecontested Community measure entail unfavourable repercussions on the level ofemployment and the cost of …”

[Contents of the statement of defence] S. 682-690

„… application, followed by an orderon costs.530 Joined Cases T-305/94 et seq., Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij A. O …”

[Questions] S. 724-733

„… attendthe hearing, at the cost of travel time, accommodation in Luxemburg, etc., topresent a pleading which …”

a [Conditions] S. 766-776

„… letters rogatory, any documents arising from theimplementation and a detailed statement of costs. These …”

[Subsequent procedure] S. 923-932

„… . itsadmissibility2002 or merits. If a party is admitted to intervene, the costs remainreserved2003. The GC may …”

Scope S. 391-401

„… takes wellover a year on average and involves further costs, etc. In other instances, though,lobbying …”

[Measures of organization] S. 739-752

„… proof as well as the ruling on costs881.bb) Measures of inquiry38 That said, if the party concerned …”

[Substantive criteria] S. 872-890

„… extent; additionaldevelopment costs which, in the absence of proof to the contrary, constitutefinancial …”

[Referral for preliminary rulings] S. 139-159

„… , Almelo, [1994] ECR I-1477, para. 22 and the case law cited.360 Case C-17/00, De Coster, [2001] ECR I-9445 …”

[Order of the President] S. 894-897

„… been withdrawn,the President shall issue an order removing the case, which implies that the costsremain …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259079

Christian Walter, Barak Medina, Lothar Scholz, Heinz-Bernd Wabnitz - The Israeli Legal System

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Christian Walter (ed.), Barak Medina (ed.), Lothar Scholz (ed.), Heinz-Bernd Wabnitz (ed.)

The Israeli Legal System

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Talia Einhorn, Dagmar Coester-Waltjen § 15 Private International Law S. 241-258

„… Coester-Waltjen Sources of Private International LawI. 241 Legislation1. 241 International conventions2. 242 Court …” „… . A few Part V § 15 I. 1. Einhorn/Coester-Waltjen 241 1 statutes contain some PIL rules, e.g …” „… ., 1387. § 15 Private International Law 242 Einhorn/Coester-Waltjen 2 3 4 5 Doctrinal writings The courts …”

Ronen Perry § 5 Law of Torts S. 87-112

„… harm, the cost of precaution, and sometimes also the utility of the risk-creating activity.4 Similarly …” „… the cost of pre‐ cautions necessary to avoid it. On several occasions, however, Supreme Court Jus …” „… Kornfeld v. Shmuelov,28 the court held that a builder is liable for the costs incurred by a non-privy buyer …”

David Gilo § 10 Antitrust Law S. 169-176

„… the summer of 2011. The protest was aimed, inter alia, at the high cost of living in Israel. The most …” „… following characteristics: relatively high costs for consumers of switching among competitors …”

List of Contributors and Editors S. 287-290

„… economy. Dagmar Coester-Waltjen is Professor emerita of Private International Law and Pri‐ vate Law at …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… RelationsPart V Private International Law Talia Einhorn/Dagmar Coester-Waltjen § 15 241 Sources of Private …”

Rifat Azam § 12 Tax Law S. 189-204

„… process, namely the VAT paid by the business on the costs of the goods or services. Sellers, at each stage …” „… , limit compliance costs of the taxpayers, and provide certainty for cross-border activities. In these …”

Yehuda Adar § 4 Law of Contracts S. 69-86

„… ' names, the asset, the nature of the deal, the price, the payment dates and arrangements over costs and …” „… negotiations, including the buyer's announcement at trial that he would cover any costs associated with the …”

Itai Fiegenbaum, Amir N. Licht § 9 Corporate Law S. 155-168

„… aimed at lowering transaction costs for future bylaw drafters.11 Supreme Court decisions solidify …”

Christian Walter, Maria Monnheimer § 17 Israel and International Law S. 269-286

„… ‐ creases the political and financial costs of practically implementing a two-state so‐ lution.130 It is …”

Suzie Navot § 3 Constitutional Law S. 39-68

„… question, the Court held that, even though training women to be pilots costs more than training men …”

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