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Zoé Nautré - U.S. Idealism Meets Reality

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Zoé Nautré

U.S. Idealism Meets Reality

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2010

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Legitimacy of the King S. 123-125

„… ? segments?of ?Moroccan?society?and?bases?his? legitimacy?on?religion?and?his?earthly?rule.37 …” „… ? by? the?legitimacy …” „… ?of ?the?king?and?his?monopoly?over?the?reform?discourse;?conservatism?and?tolerance;?weak?political?opposition?and?political?marginalization.Legitimacy of the KingMorocco’s? rule? is?based?on? three?sacrosanct?principles.?First …”

Monopoly over the reform discourse S. 125-127

„… ?necessary,?violently?enforced.?Progress?in?the?realm?of ?human?rights?and?press?freedom?are?real,?but?remain?hostage? to? the? legitimacy,?which?despite …” „… ?The?king?has?further?increased?his?legitimacy?by?largely?monopolizing?the?reform?discourse.Monopoly over the reform …” „… ”.50Even?though?the?king’s?legitimacy …”

Additional measures & bilateral relations S. 121-123

„… ? segments?of ?Moroccan?society?and?bases?his? legitimacy?on?religion?and?his?earthly?rule.37 …” „… ? by? the?legitimacy …” „… ?of ?the?king?and?his?monopoly?over?the?reform?discourse;?conservatism?and?tolerance;?weak?political?opposition?and?political?marginalization.Legitimacy of the KingMorocco’s? rule? is?based?on? three?sacrosanct?principles.?First …”

Expectations of the role of outsiders S. 158-160

„… ?legitimacy,?as?well?as?the?informal?means?that?people?on?the?ground?have?found?to?cope?with?authoritarianism.?Instead?the?traditional?focus?in?the?U.?S.?when?looking?at?the?region?is?on?modernization,?economic?development,?civil?society?and?elections,?based?on?its?conception?of …” „… ? seemed?largely?absent?from?public?discourse.?These?frameworks?include?the?issue?of ?legitimacy?and?the?nature?of …” „… ?civil?society?and?technical?steps?such?as?elections.?Legitimacy,?in?the?Middle?Eastern?context,?is?a?very?important?concept.?In?states?like?Morocco?or?Jordan,?the?king?58 …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 173-181

„… ? legitimacy?purposes.The?monarchy?initially?sought?to?attain?greater?recognition?and?acceptance?as?an?important?international?and?regional?power,?as?well?as?support?on?the?Sahara?question.?From?a?Moroccan?perspective,? all? its? ambitions?have?been? fulfilled.?Morocco?was?upgraded?as? an? international?partner …” „… ?professional?skills?or?point?to?self-interested?individuals,?so?that,?overall,?people?trust?the?king?more?than?parliamentarians.105?In?contrast?to?the?low?credibility?of ?parliamentarians,?the?legitimacy …” „… ? adding?legitimacy?to?a?largely?uncontested?regime.?Elections?take?place?to?show?the?outside?world?that?Morocco?is?a?democratic?country?but?can?be?used?to?divert?attention?from?deficits,?because? if ?anything?goes?wrong …”

Weak political opposition S. 128-131

„… ?legitimacy?in?particular?due?to?their?superior?attendance?record?in?parliament,?and?their?internal?transparency.?After?the?Casablanca?bombings,?popular?sentiment?to?some?extent?turned?against?the?PJD.?It?forced?the?party?to?be?more?moderate?and?to?ostrac …” „… ,?2008),?236.61? To?register?as?a?political?party,?Moroccan?parties?have?to?recognise?the?legitimacy …” „… ?the?opposition?party?as?prime?minister,?past?openings?have?resulted?in?increasing?the?king’s?legitimacy?and?exposed?the?alleged?incompetence?of ?political?parties.?Political?parties?are?thus?made?ineffective?by?the?monarchy?through?tactics?of …”

Democracy promotion as a means to fight the root causes of terrorism S. 36-41

„… ? The?phrase?articulated?by?an?American?diplomat?after?the?Algerian?elections:?“One?man,?one?vote,?one?time”?has?ever?since?been?one?of ?the?most?repeated?and?overemphasized?phrases?by?sceptics?of ?the?viability?and?legitimacy …” „… ?their?legitimacy …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 160-172

„… U.?S. Idealism Meets Reality160derives?his?legitimacy …” „… ?the?democracy?promotion?agenda?is?that?through?loans?and?economic?assistance?Western?reform?initiatives?might?improve?public?services,?falsely?enhancing?the?legitimacy?of ?current?Arab?leadership?and?elites?regardless?of …” „… ?society.?Legitimacy?is?based?on?religion?and?the?country’s?history,?little?to?do?with?democracy.?Second,?the?Moroccan?king?is?seen?as?the?arbiter?of ?different?parts?of ?society?and?the?main?modernizing?force?of …”

Conservatism and tolerance S. 127-128

„… ?an?often?stability-oriented?outlook?adds?to?the?king’s?legitimacy.?The?bloody?civil?war?in?Algeria?is?omnipresent?in?the?Moroccan?mind?and?most? seem?to?prefer? stability?at? the?expense?of …”

Expectation of the role of outsiders S. 172-173

„… ?society.?Legitimacy?is?based?on?religion?and?the?country’s?history,?little?to?do?with?democracy.?Second,?the?Moroccan?king?is?seen?as?the?arbiter?of ?different?parts?of ?society?and?the?main?modernizing?force?of …”

Marginalization S. 131-133

„… repressive.70?The?king? also? reiterated?his? religious? legitimacy,? and? stated? that?no?other?group?has …”

Lack of definition S. 47-49

„… ?democracy:?economic?development?and?political?legitimacy,”?American political science review,?Vol.?53,?No.?1,?March?1959;?Manfred?Halpern,?The politics of social …”

Expectations of the role of outsiders S. 49-51

„… ?what?democracy?promoters?would?like?to?see?and?because?they?assume?there?are?certain?steps?to?reach?this?goal,?they?do?not?look?at?the?present,?but?at?what?they?would?like?to?see.?Certain?concepts,?which?might?be?of ?particular?importance?to?the?region,?such?as?the?issue?of ?legitimacy,?the?concept?of …”

NGOs and structural challenges S. 156-158

„… ?legitimacy,?as?well?as?the?informal?means?that?people?on?the?ground?have?found?to?cope?with?authoritarianism.?Instead?the?traditional?focus?in?the?U.?S.?when?looking?at?the?region?is?on?modernization,?economic?development,?civil?society?and?elections,?based?on?its?conception?of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Legitimacy of the King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Monopoly …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 51-57

„… democracy: economic development and political legitimacy,” American political science review , March 1959.87 …”

Bibliography S. 199-216

„… ?democracy:?Economic?development?and?political?legitimacy,?in:?American?Political?Science?Review,?53,?1?(March?1959)?69-105.Lipset,?Seymour?Martin?(1996 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227160

Wolfgang Babeck, Steven Fish, Zeno Reichenbecher - Rewriting a Constitution: Georgia's shift towards Europe

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Wolfgang Babeck, Steven Fish, Zeno Reichenbecher

Rewriting a Constitution: Georgia's shift towards Europe

2012

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Firmer Regime Legitimacy S. 54-55

„… oppositional stance vis-à-vis the president,as it did during much of the 1990s.Firmer Regime LegitimacyIn …” „… illustrates the potentially legitimacy-preserving influence of a puissant parliament. In late 2002, Rolandas …” „… democratic regime. When the president reigns and other actorshave little clout, the legitimacy of the regime …”

Impending Challenges S. 55-60

„… “democracy.”Lithuania’s experience also illustrates the potentially legitimacy-preserving influence of a puissant …” „… commitment todemocracy. In Lithuania, no one person is capable of endangering the legitimacy ofthe political …” „… order to be durable.If the reforms are to retain their legitimacy they must, above all, be …”

The long journey to success for the State Constitutional Commission S. 62-64

„… commencementalleged to merely be a prolonged arm of the Government.The lack of legitimacyThe SCC lacked legitimacy …” „… : it lacked legitimacy and lackeda competent draft for a reform Constitution. Its final success is much …” „… communication.The missing element of reformThe SCC also lacked legitimacy as no reformist draft was available for a …”

Introduction S. 61-62

„… a prolonged arm of the Government.The lack of legitimacyThe SCC lacked legitimacy because its …” „… legitimacy and lackeda competent draft for a reform Constitution. Its final success is much owed to …”

Tighter Constraints on the Executive S. 52-54

„… s.Firmer Regime LegitimacyIn addition to checking presidential imperiousness, a strong legislature can …” „… clout, the legitimacy of the regime itself may become bound up with thepresident alone. When the …” „… , the legitimacy of the regime may decline alongwith the popularity of the leader. Writing on the eve of …”

Reasons for the establishment and role of the SCC S. 77-80

„… legitimacy of the SCC.III.1.39 Some authors even question the terminology of a semi-presidential system …” „… greatest possible legitimacy of the next local, parliamentary and presidentialelections.Our biggest …” „… on the freedom of media,43 the SCC is under considerable pressure to demonstrate its legitimacy to …”

The role of the opposition S. 64-65

„… of Georgia. The Parliament was dominated by allies of Saakashvili alone.The legitimacy of decisions …” „… adviceDemetrashvili did what he previously did in 1995: He asserted legitimacy and credibility to the work of the SCC …”

Public Constitutional Commission – Comprehensive Concept of the Revised Constitution of Georgia of 09.04.2010 S. 173-215

„… were not counted. As aresult we can get the parliament with the high-grade legitimacy (which members …” „… institutional character is devoted to protectthe constitutional legitimacy, shall have the right to suspend …” „… constitutional legitimacy, shall preside the council of justice of Georgia and take partin the appointment of …”

The quest for international advice S. 65-66

„… 1995: He asserted legitimacy and credibility to the work of the SCC by engaging international experts …”

The changes to the Constitution in 2004 S. 75-77

„… occasions, raisesthe question of the purpose and legitimacy of the SCC.III.1.39 Some authors even question …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Firmer Regime Legitimacy2. 54Impending ChallengesIV. 55Lessons from Georgia: A role model for …”

Article 81 S. 136-140

„… legitimacy and thereforehis participation and his role within this procedure was justified. Ms Natia …”

The Berlin Conference S. 67-72

„… lacked the legitimacy to conductopinion polls because other decision makers had remained in Tbilisi …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238333

Bodo P. Bützler - Lex Digitalis Intermedia

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Bodo P. Bützler

Lex Digitalis Intermedia

2024

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Part B. Transnational law and legal legitimacy S. 137-336

„… Part B.Transnational law and legal legitimacy1391. Framing the question of legal legitimacyAs we …” „… includes giving due consideration to legitimacy’s dualistic nature. By legitimacy’s dualistic nature I mean …” „… recognize le-gitimacy’s action-guiding quality, one thereby reduces the concept of le-gitimacy to …”

Introduction: Intermediation on the internet S. 11-20

„… poten-tial legal legitimacy.INTRODUCTION: INTERMEDIATION ON THE INTERNETThe mountain held the town as in a …” „… applying the concept of legal legitimacy onto lex digitalis inter-media. I have taken the dialectical …” „… . Transnational law and legal legitimacy In chapter B.1., I will frame the investigative direction of Part B …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… IntermediaTransnational Law and Legal LegitimacyBodo P. Bützler Lex Digitalis IntermediaBodo P. Bützler Lex Digitalis …” „… IntermediaTransnational Law and Legal LegitimacyVELBRÜCKWISSENSCHAFTTo My ParentsErste Auflage 2024© Velbrück Wissenschaft …” „… legitimacy1. Framing the question of legal legitimacy . . . . . . . . . 139 1.1 The three …”

Epilogue S. 337-341

„… tried to ground the concept of legitimacy.However, the three practical standards of transparency …” „… of legal legitimacy I have proposed in this book. The three practical standards of legitimacy (i.e …” „… traditional legitimacy standards similar to the way in which a mycorrhi-zal network enables the exchange of …”

Bibliography S. 344-368

„… Technology, vol. 59 iss. 9 (2008): 1493–1512.Bassok, O.: »The Supreme Court’s New Source of Legitimacy …” „… (2000).Benhabib, S.: »Deliberative Rationality and Models of Democratic Legiti-macy«, Constellations …” „… , J. H.: »The Culture of Arbitration and the Defence of Arbitral Le-gitimacy«, in: D. D. Caron, S. W …”

Part A. An emerging lex digitalis intermedia S. 21-136

„… will return to this issue when discussing practical legit-imacy standards for lex digitalis intermedia …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748916727

Alexandra Kemmerer, Christoph Möllers, Maximilian Steinbeis, Gerhard Wagner - Choice Architecture in Democracies

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Alexandra Kemmerer (ed.), Christoph Möllers (ed.), Maximilian Steinbeis (ed.), Gerhard Wagner (ed.)

Choice Architecture in Democracies

Series: Recht im Kontext

Volume 6 2016

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Sabino Cassese Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging S. 241-246

„… 241 Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging Sabino Cassese I. Framing the Issue of )udging The …” „… topic of this paper is not nudging, but rather the legitimacy of it. However, much of the discussion on …” „… its legitimacy. In the first part I shall address five questions: where does nudging come from and …”

Robert Neumann The Devil is in the Details – Four Remarks on the Legitimacy of Choice Architecture S. 197-218

„… 197 The Devil is in the Details – Four Remarks on the Legitimacy of Choice Architecture Robert …” „… of the legitimacy of choice architecture as perceived by individuals. The third point deals with …” „… Assessing the legitimacy of behaviorally informed rules together with its welfare implications either …”

Johanna Wolff ‘Partner Months’ and the Fundamental Rights of Parents – Considerations on the Legitimacy of Nudges and ‘Nudgy Legislation’ S. 255-266

„… 255 ‘Partner Months’ and the Fundamental Rights of Parents – Considerations on the Legitimacy of …” „… rights and at the same time develop some ideas on the legitimacy of nudges in general (C.). I will finish …” „… with Fundamental Rights – and some Ideas on the Legitimacy of )udges in General From a constitutional …”

Georgios Dimitropoulos From Choosing to Learning: Path Dependencies of Nudging, and How to Overcome Them S. 339-342

„… Dimitropoulos* Friday, 17 April 2015 In a thought-provoking comment on the legitimacy of nudging, Emanuel …” „… legitimacy has to be judged case by case. Responding partly to Towfigh and Traxler and partly to the broader …” „… issue of the legitimacy of nudging, I want to distinguish between two aspects that are raised in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Legitimacy of Nudging Nomos Recht im Kontext 6 Recht im Kontext edited by Prof. em. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult …” „… Architecture in Democracies Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging Nomos BUT_Kemmerer_2288-4_HC.indd 3 …” „… , Maximilian / Wagner, Gerhard Choice Architecture in Democracies Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging …”

Oren Bar-Gill Information and Paternalism S. 267-270

„… . Legitimacy concerns might be raised with respect to other Nudge-type interventions (specifically, the setting …” „… ) Effective disclosure is necessarily selective, and the selection process raises paternalism/legitimacy …”

Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff Constitutional Limits to Health-Related Nudging – a Matter of Balancing S. 247-254

„… the legitimacy of governmental interference with merely selfdamaging behavior4. I will make no effort …” „… century (1889/91), and its legitimacy, as a matter of principle, is unchallenged. To German ears …”

Alberto Alemanno Nudge and the European Union S. 271-284

„… a surprise. If nudging raises a number of significant concerns – be they about its legitimacy …” „… typically do not require the participation of citizens. Yet given the dual democratic legitimacy of the EU …”

Gunnar Folke Schuppert Nudging: Neither a Novelty, nor a Promising Lead – Unless in Context S. 333-338

„… obedience and compliance of others. Legitimacy, power and so on may oblige and incline others to obey but …”

Uwe Volkmann Nudging, Education, Paternalism: A Philosophical Perspective from the Old Europe S. 141-160

„… deliberation which contains a legitimacy of its own (and which, by the way, in China or Iran might still be a …” „… the principal legitimacy of goals but on the ensuing levels of scrutiny: like general suitability …”

Gebhard Kirchgässner Justification and Possibilities of Soft Paternalism S. 229-240

„… »Choice Architecture in Democracies: Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging«, Humboldt University of Berlin …”

Anne van Aaken Constitutional Limits to Paternalistic Nudging: A Proportionality Assessment S. 161-196

„… Architecture in Democracies: Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging« for very helpful critique and comments. 1 …” „… this harm to the individual which indirectly leads to costs for society, the legitimacy of the aim is …”

Bibliography S. 357-378

„… the Verfassungsblog Conference »Choice Architecture in Democracies: Exploring the Legitimacy of …”

Cass R. Sunstein The Ethics of Choice Architecture S. 19-74

„… Part I Choice Architecture in Democracies. Exploring the Legitimacy of udging 21 The …” „… what makes their lives good. »Perfectionist«86 approaches emphasize the importance and legitimacy of …”

Morag Goodwin Architecture, Choice Architecture and Dignity S. 285-308

„… 285 Architecture, Choice Architecture and Dignity Morag Goodwin* The legitimacy of code …”

Christopher McCrudden, Jeff King The Dark Side of Nudging: The Ethics, Political Economy, and Law of Libertarian Paternalism S. 75-140

doi.org/10.5771/9783845263939

Stephan Wollbrink - A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a "Threat to the Peace" under the UN Charter

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Stephan Wollbrink

A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a "Threat to the Peace" under the UN Charter

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 840 2014

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Enhancing morality and legitimacy S. 126-136

„… and legitimacyIn order to strengthen morality and legitimacy, a setting should be createdthat allows …” „… , it constitutes soft law.Conclusion from enhancing morality and legitimacyIt has been shown that the …” „… SecurityCouncil will have to increase the legitimacy and the perceived morality ofits decisions. Both of those …”

Criteria for compliance with legal obligations S. 118-126

„… legitimacyAnother compliance theory considers compliance most likely if and whenthe respective addressee regards the …” „… legitimacyDue to the lack of effective means of enforcement in the Chapter VII context,it is crucial that the …” „… and legitimacyThere are strong indications that in the context of Chapter VII, the aspectsof morality …”

Conclusion regarding criteria for compliance with legal obligations S. 126

„… and legitimacyIn order to strengthen morality and legitimacy, a setting should be createdthat allows …” „… SecurityCouncil will have to increase the legitimacy and the perceived morality ofits decisions. Both of those …”

Conclusion regarding the maximization of effectiveness S. 136-137

„… peace and legitimacy of the Security Council.Conclusion regarding the maximization of effectivenessThis …” „… peace"136to safeguard morality and legitimacy, Chapter VII therefore needs to be as“hardened” as …”

Vorwort S. 5-17

„… Enhancing morality and legitimacyIV. 126General aspects of lawmaking in international law1. 127Dimensions of …” „… Deterrencea) 121Morality and legitimacyb) 122Moralityaa) 122Legitimacybb) 123Conclusion regarding morality and …” „… Classification of Chapter VII3. 132Conclusion from enhancing morality and legitimacy4. 133Conclusion regarding …”

Summary and final remarks S. 196-202

„… challenge the legitimacy of the SecurityCouncil.There are situations, however, in which a strict application …”

Anticipatory self-defense and state of necessity S. 137-158

„… to safeguard morality and legitimacy, Chapter VII therefore needs to be as“hardened” as possible …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845252285

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