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Christian von Coelln, Karl-E. Hain - Der ZDF-Staatsvertrag vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht

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Christian von Coelln (ed.), Karl-E. Hain (ed.)

Der ZDF-Staatsvertrag vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht

Series: Studien und Materialien zur Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit

Volume 113 2015

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Karl-E. Hain Antrag der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz gemäß Art. 93 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 GG, §§ 13 Nr. 6, 76 ff BVerfGG vom 3.1.2011 S. 15-66

„… Antrag der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz gemäß Art. 93 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 GG, §§ 13 Nr. 6, 76 ff …” „… des Antrages Antragsberechtigung Die Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz ist gemäß Art. 93 Abs. 1 Nr …” „… . Zustimmungsgesetze der Länder zu zwischen diesen geschlossenen Staatsverträgen bilden gemäß Art. 93 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 GG …”

Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 25.3.2014 S. 279-332

„… Zustimmungsgesetze und -beschlüsse der Länder, die den ZDF-Staatsvertrag als Artikel 3 des Staatsvertrags über den …” „… öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten ist gemäß Art. 5 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GG am Gebot der Vielfaltsicherung auszurichten …” „… Prüfungen, 1. ob a) Art. 1 § 1 des Gesetzes zu dem Staatsvertrag über den Rundfunk im vereinten Deutschland …”

Christian von Coelln Stellungnahme der Bayerischen Staatsregierung, der Hessischen Landesregierung, der Niedersächsischen Landesregierung, der Regierung des Saarlandes, der Staatsregierung des Freistaates Sachsen und der Landesregierung Schleswig-Holstein vom 28.6.2011 S. 67-132

„… (landes‑)verfassungsrechtliche Präzisierung erfährt der Grundsatz der Staatsferne durch Art. 111 a II 3 BayVerf. Nach dieser …” „… die Gewichtung des daraus resultierenden Staatseinflusses a) 98 Die Vertreter der Länder und des …” „… Sperrminorität durch die Vertreter der Länder und des Bundes nach § 24 I lit. a, c ZDF-StV a) 128 Keine Mehrheit …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Rundfunkfreiheit (Art. 5 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GG) als auch die Grundlinien der Rundfunkordnung geprägt. Von entscheidender …” „… : Karl-Eberhard Hain als Vertreter der Antragstellerinnen, Christian von Coelln als Vertreter derjenigen Länder …” „… Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz und dem ZDF für die finanzielle Förderung der Veröffentlichung …”

Dieter Dörr Stellungnahme der Bundestagsfraktionen Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und Die Linke vom 29.3.2011 S. 133-182

„… Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz Antragstellerin Bevollmächtigter: Professor Dr. Karl-E. Hain …” „… , § 27 Abs. 2, § 28 des ZDF-Staatsvertrages (Art. 3 des Staatsvertrages über den Rundfunk im vereinten …” „… Deutschland vom 31. August 1991) und der entsprechenden Gesetze und Beschlüsse der Länder, die die Zustimmung …”

Gernot Lehr Stellungnahme des Zweiten Deutschen Fernsehens vom 28.6.2011 S. 199-236

„… Heranziehung der Verpflichtung aus Art. 5 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GG, den offenen Kommunikationsprozess zu fördern und …” „… Grundsatz der Staatsfreiheit des Rundfunks hat keinen formalisierten Selbstzweck. Art. 5 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GG …” „… Rundfunkprozess ist damit eine Kernfunktion des Art. 5 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GG. Materiell-rechtlicher Funktionsauftrag …”

Joachim Wieland Stellungnahme der in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – ARD – zusammengeschlossenen Rundfunkanstalten vom 11.7.2011 S. 237-258

„… (1 BvF 1/11) zur verfassungsrechtlichen Prüfung, ob a) Art. 1 § 1 des Gesetzes zu dem Staatsvertrag …” „… . Dezember 1991 (GVBl. Brandenburg, 580), e) Art. 1 § 1 Abs. 1 des Gesetzes zu dem Staatsvertrag über den …” „… 1991 (GBl. Bremen, 273), f) Art. 1 Abs. 1 des Gesetzes zum Staatsvertrag über den Rundfunk im vereinten …”

Karl-E. Hain Erwiderung auf die Stellungnahmen zum Antrag der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz vom 20.1.2012 S. 259-278

„… Erwiderung auf die Stellungnahmen zum Antrag der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz vom 20.1.2012 …” „… Bevollmächtigter der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz (Antragstellerin) auf die zu deren Antrag eingegangenen …” „… Stellungnahmen. Dabei konzentriert sich die Erwiderung auf die Stellungnahmen der Regierungen der Länder Bayern …”

Dieter Dörr Erste ergänzende Stellungnahme der Bundestagsfraktionen Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und Die Linke vom 3.6.2011 S. 183-192

„… Normenkontrollverfahren 1 BvF 1/11 der Regierung des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz – Antragstellerin – Bevollmächtigter …” „… Satz 1 und 2, Abs. 3 Satz 1, § 27 Abs. 2, § 28 des ZDF-Staatsvertrages (Art. 3 des Staatsvertrages über …” „… Beschlüsse der Länder, die die Zustimmung und den Anwendungsbefehl zu diesen Normen erteilen, möchte ich …”

Dieter Dörr Zweite ergänzende Stellungnahme der Bundestagsfraktionen Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und Die Linke vom 15.2.2012 S. 193-198

„… der Frage zu befassen, welche Anforderungen Art. 10 EMRK an die Ausgestaltung des …” „… Grundprinzip des Art. 10 EMRK dar.3 In diesem Zusammenhang spielen Radio und Fernsehen nach zutreffender …” „… audiovisuellen Medien erhalten.5 Daraus folgert der EGMR, dass die Meinungsfreiheit des Art. 10 EMRK den Staat …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845262499

Alexander Proelß - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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. Pollution from land-based sources S. 1379-1392

„… land-based sources Art. 207 Wacht 1379 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XII.3d from …” „… , from land-based sources’. Thus, Art. 207 constitutes the second component of the three necessary steps …” „… ). Pollution from land-based sources 3–4 Art. 207 Wacht 1381 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3 …”

. Right of land-locked States S. 544-549

„… land-locked States Art. 69 Harrison 543 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART V.3d from …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 69 serves to clarify the extent of the rights of land-locked States …” „… . A/CONF.62/RCNG/1 (1978), OR X, 88. Right of land-locked States 4–6 Art. 69 Harrison 545 Reemers …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources S. 1452-1459

„… -Based Activities.41 This programme not only addresses land-based pollution within the scope of Art. 207, but also …” „… included in this study. Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources Art. 213 König 1451 …” „… land-based sources (Art. 207 (1)) and to establish global and regional rules in this respect (Art. 207 (4 …”

. Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States S. 1708-1714

„… to in Art. 246, paragraph 3, shall give notice to the neighbouring land-locked and geographically …” „… , relevant information as specified in Art. 248 and Art. 249, paragraph 1(f). 3. The neighbouring land …” „… , 214 (Art. 7). Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States 2–4 Art. 254 …”

. Use of Terms S. 894-899

„… . Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 124 2–4 894 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… High Seas. 16 Convention on Transit Trade of Land-locked States, 8 July 1965, UNTS 597, 3. 17 Art. 1 (b …” „… . III. Elements 1. ‘land-locked State’ 9 LLS are defined by Art. 124 for the purposes of the Convention …”

. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit S. 899-912

„… Matz Lück on Art. 311. Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 125 898 Uprety/Maggio Reemers …” „… Association of American Geographers 49 (1959), 257; Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 125 3–6 …” „… land-locked StatesArt. 125 11–14 902 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART X …”

. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause S. 912-917

„… Function 1 Art. 126 serves to preserve the preferential status granted to land-locked States (LLS) under …” „… -locked States, 8 July 1965, UNTS 597, 3. Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 126 1–4 912 …” „… land-locked States’ 10 The inclusion of this phrase in Art. 126 serves to limit the application of the …”

. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area S. 1047-1053

„… during the time of UNCLOS III.27 9c) Geographically disadvantaged and land-locked States. Art. 148 has a …” „… ‘land-locked State’ is defined in the Convention as a ‘State having no sea-coast’ (Art. 124 (1)(a)), i. e. a …” „… However, only those land-locked States that also are developing States are covered by the scope of Art …”

. Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority S. 1075-1081

„… production limitation, Art. 151 intended to protect adversely affected developing land-based producers by way …” „… interfere with established land-based production.57 Notably, a certain quantity of nickel from the …” „… production ceiling should be reserved for the Enterprise for initial production (Art. 151 (5)). As part of …”

. Customs duties, taxes and other charges S. 917-921

„… access granted to land-locked States (LLS) in Art. 125 by ensuring efficiency and competitiveness in …” „… confrich#page/n9/ mode/2up. 5 Ibid. Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 127 1–2 916 Uprety/Maggio …” „… the Transit Agreement Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 127 6–9 918 Uprety/Maggio …”

. Regime of islands S. 859-882

„… ’ (used in paragraph 3). Art. 121 (1) defines the term ‘island’ as a ‘naturally formed area of land …” „… elevations, qualify as ‘insular land territory’ in terms of Art. 298 (1)(a)(i). The latter constitute land …” „… , the method of straight baselines may be employed (Art. 7 (1)).22 2. ‘area of land’ 10 An island is …”

. Cooperation in the construction and improvement of means of transport S. 925-928

„… land-locked StatesArt. 129 1–2 924 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART X.3d …” „… ., 20. Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 129 6–9 926 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing …” „… nature to Art. 130 was contained in the 1965 Convention on Transit Trade of Land-Locked States1 (New York …”

. Equal treatment in maritime ports S. 930-934

„… Preliminary Conference of Land-Locked States). Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 131 1–3 930 …” „… of access of land-locked StatesArt. 131 7–11 932 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… undue burden on them. Article 131 Equal treatment in maritime ports Ships flying the flag of land …”

. Free zones and other customs facilities S. 921-925

„… access of land-locked StatesArt. 128 1–2 920 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… Trade of Land-locked States, 8 July 1965, UNTS 597, 3. 9 Art. 8 New York Transit Convention. 10 See …” „… neighbouring transit States, Part X. Right of access of land-locked StatesArt. 128 7–11 922 Uprety/Maggio …”

. Archipelagic baselines S. 353-375

„… Water-To-Land Ratio under Art. 47 (7 …” „… complied with the water to land ratio test: ibid., para 73. Part IV. Archipelagic statesArt. 47 11–12 358 …” „… Art. 47, because its water-to-land ratio (1:1.03) is insufficient.75 Most States, though, appear to …”

. Pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1444-1452

„… applicable to land-based atmospheric pollution (which is not covered by Art. 207)31 as well as marine- and …” „… In contrast to the issue of land-based pollution of the marine environment covered in Art. 207, it …” „… land-based pollution within the scope of Art. 207, but also encompasses land-based atmospheric pollution of …”

. Measures to avoid or eliminate delays or other difficulties of a technical nature in traffic in transit S. 928-930

„… nature to Art. 130 was contained in the 1965 Convention on Transit Trade of Land-Locked States1 (New York …” „… States and land-locked States concerned may co-operate.’12 6 The measures referred to in Art. 130 are not …” „… land-locked StatesArt. 130 4–6 928 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART X.3d …”

. Production policies S. 1067-1075

„… seabed mining would remain a mere supplement to land-based mining instead of competing with it.1 Art. 151 …” „… only developing land-producer States, as it is envisaged by Art. 150 (h). Contrary to the abandoned …” „… period. 56 See Annex III, Art. 13 UNCLOS. 57 See 1994 Agreement, Annex, S. 8, paras. 2, 1. Notably, S. 8 …”

. Bays S. 106-120

„… land/water ratio in archipelagic waters in Art. 47 (7) where certain waters are treated as land, see further …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 I. Purpose and Function 1 This article – which largely follows the provisions set out in Art. 7 …” „… Article 19a) ‘This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State’. Art. 10 (1 …”

. Ports S. 120-129

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm I. Purpose and Function 1 This article – in similar fashion to Art …” „… silent on the issue of artificial baselines not connected with harbors: such as use of reclaimed land for …” „… ), 13. For a recent discussion of coastal protective works, land reclamation and artificial extensions …”

. Policies relating to activities in the Area S. 1059-1067

„… even more the relationship between seabed and land-based mining and resource policy. Art. 150 …” „… mineral prices and exports, Art. 150 (h) strives after the protection of land-based developing producer …” „… ensure its supplementary position alongside land-based mining.47 However, whilst Art. 151 still envisages …”

. Grant of greater transit facilities S. 934-937

„… land-locked StatesArt. 132 1–4 934 Uprety/Maggio Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART X.3d …” „… , Art. 124 (1)(a) gives the definition of ‘land locked State’). Other definitions ‘for the purposes of …” „… (Annex 6 Commentary to Article 3). 34 Lagoni (note 31), para. 3. 35 See Art. 94. 36 Lagoni (note 31 …”

. Provisional measures S. 1867-1879

„… character,5 in actual practice, Art. 289 has never been utilized. In cases before the Tribunal the parties …” „… the qualification of an expert summoned as witness by the other party. In the Land Reclamation Case an …” „… parties, a technical expert to assist them in their work, without sitting with the tribunal. 13 Under Art …”

. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil S. 28-35

„… and subsoil 1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 2 defines the status of the territorial sea, including the airspace …” „… 1930 Hague Codification Conference1 and since then it has been generally accepted by States. Art. 2 has …”

. Use of terms S. 335-353

„… conditions laid down in Art. 47 are met.16 For example, while the water to land minimum ratio of 1 to 1 …” „… baselines in accordance with Art. 47, i. e. none of them meets the required water-land ratio, Rothwell …” „… submerged areas have been included into Art. 47 for the purpose of determining the land-water ratio under …”

. Definition of the continental shelf S. 588-601

„… International Seabed Authority. Art. 76 is one of the articles in the Convention for which a significant amount …” „… in its 2006 report ‘Article 76(1) of the Convention refers to the natural prolongation of the land …” „… edge” (Article 76.1) i. e. “the submerged prolongation of the land mass…” (Article 76.3); ii. The outer …”

. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 S. 1920-1934

„… article, all paragraphs but one survived in some form. Paragraph 1 is an early version of what became Art …” „… insular land territory shall be excluded from such submission; (ii) after the conciliation commission has …” „… . Spain), Provisional Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 Art. 298 Serdy 1919 Reemers …”

. Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas S. 887-894

„… Ocean relate to the tasks suggested in Art. 123. Article 123 Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or …” „… this article’ . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 123 builds upon the geographical …” „… regard to both their rights and duties under the Convention. In fact, Art. 123 is the only article which …”

. Right of navigation S. 691-693

„… land-locked States enjoy the same rights in the high seas as coastal States’ including navigation ( Art. 87 …” „… for consistency with the term land-locked States as defined elsewhere in the Convention ( Art. 124).9 …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 I. Purpose and Function 1 Alongside other articles in the Convention, Art. 90 ‘emphasises […] that …”

. Normal baseline S. 46-61

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 I. Purpose and Function 1The baseline defined by Art 5. determines where the land ends and the sea …” „… history of Art. 5.72 36a) Coastal Defense and Land reclamation. While there may be overlap with Art. 1173 …” „… UNCLOS, with the notable exception of Part VI. 2While Art. 5 defines the norm, other articles provide …”

. Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70 S. 553-555

„… Sea: Documents, vol. IV (1982), 215 (Art. 9). Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70 2–5 Art. 71 …” „… the same subregion or region’ 7 Art. 70 (5) limits the rights of developed geographically …” „… communities. The objective of this provision would seem to be the same as Art. 69 (4), which limits the rights …”

. Sedentary species S. 541-544

„… land-locked States Art. 69 Harrison 543 …” „… : http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1429. 8 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 3), 45 (Art. 68). 9 Young (note 6 …” „… jurisdiction19 which clearly includes the continental shelf. Article 69 Right of land-locked States 1 …”

. Assessment of potential effects of activities S. 1370-1379

„… confirmed e. g. in the MOX Plant and the Land Reclamation cases,52 Art. 206 establishes an enforceable …” „… 240.00mm versity and Art. 1 of the ILC Draft Articles on Transboundary Harm,27 which all refer to a …” „… marine environment Article 207 Pollution from land-based sources 1. States shall adopt laws and …”

. Restrictions on transfer of rights S. 555-557

„… conferred on land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States under Arts. 69 and 70 of the Convention …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm of Art. 71 is to go one step further and to completely exclude the …” „… rights of land-locked and geographically dependent States in the EEZ where coastal states are …”

. Payments and contributions with respect to the exploitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles S. 640-652

„… to the text of Art. 82. 35 United States: Article 69 (note 24). 36 Group of Land-Locked and …” „… from artificial islands, installations or structures,44 but Art. 211 may govern where the pollution …” „… under each article, for detail see Proelss on Art. 60, Maggio on Art. 80 and on Art. 85; see also supra …”

. Benefit of mankind S. 977-983

„… for by Art. 141 is the inclusion of all States, be they coastal or land-locked, signatory or …” „… this article’ 21 As provided for by Art. 139 (3), States Parties that are members of international …” „… liability under Art. 139 if the measures it has taken cannot be deemed reasonably appropriate. Article 140 …”

. Freedom of the high seas S. 679-683

„… land-locked’. 2Coupled with Art. 89, Art. 87 expresses the legal nature of the high seas.2 The idea, as …” „… in a separate article ( Art. 89). Additions to the non-exhaustive list of freedoms included …” „… improvement is open to question. 9 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 6), 24 (Art. 27). 10 …”

. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 150-168

„… territorial sea in two separate articles – draft Arts. 12 and 14 – reflecting the abovementioned format …” „… ), 134. 19 Ibid., 135; ILC Law of the Sea Articles (note 4), 5 (Art. 12); the ILC saw the three elements …” „… ignored the first sentence of Art. 15 by employing a ‘hybrid line’, ‘based on artificial coastal control …”

. Right of geographically disadvantaged States S. 549-553

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 14 Art. 69 (4) underlines the objective of Art. 69 as more of a means to …” „… Art. 69 assume that a LLS will negotiate access to the living resources of another coastal State on a …” „… bilateral basis. Art. 69 (5), however, permits the formation of plurilateral arrangements within a subregion …”

. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1036-1047

„… ), Art. 16. 18 Alfred H. A. Soons, Artificial Islands and Installations in International Law (1974), 7–13 …” „… wording of Art 147 (2) does not explicitly include ‘artificial islands’, it could be questioned whether …” „… artificial islands (if their erection in the deep sea is technically possible at all) is governed by Art. 147 …”

. Cooperation with international organizations and the Authority S. 1797-1798

„… Art. 272. An obligation to accord specific considerations to land-locked and geographically …” „… III, 253 (Art. 2). 4 Third Committee UNCLOS III, Iraq: Revised Draft Articles on Transfer of …” „… States, particularly land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States’ 5 Although the reference to …”

. Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes S. 983-987

„… for by Art. 141 is the inclusion of all States, be they coastal or land-locked, signatory or …” „… land-locked, without discrimination’ 9While Art. 140 provides for the non-discriminatory sharing of the …” „… same content as the present Art. 141,4 but went further by envisaging another article that specifically …”

. Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high seas S. 688-691

„… as land territory. 8The term ‘sovereign rights’ used elsewhere in the Convention ( Art. 56; Art. 77 …” „… , International Law (2007), 138. 30 Ibid., 139. See in Art. 125 on transit through land territory by landlocked …” „… land-locked States enjoy the same rights in the high seas as coastal States’ including navigation ( Art. 87 …”

. Coordination of international programmes S. 1794-1797

„… III, 253 (Art. 2). 4 Third Committee UNCLOS III, Iraq: Revised Draft Articles on Transfer of …” „… States (see Art. 266 (2)), the Criteria and Guidelines refer to the benefits of all States, providing …” „… ‘fair and reasonable terms and conditions’ (Art. 266 (1)) or ‘equitable and reasonable conditions’ (Art …”

. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone S. 438-445

„… . IV (1983), 290, 291 (Art. 46): ‘General reservation on 200 miles […] provided rights of land …” „… (Art. I (2)); Algeria et al.: Draft Articles (note 16), 87 (Art. I); Sea-Bed Committee, Uganda and …” „… (1974), OR III, 81, 82 (Art. 13); UNCLOS III, Nigeria: Revised Draft Articles on the Exclusive Economic …”

. Mouths of rivers S. 97-106

„… Art. 32).91 The port State may impose special regulations regarding privately owned pleasure or racing …” „… Art. 8 (2) are by definition internal waters in which a right of innocent passage applies. CRAWFORD …” „… internal waters under Art. 8 (2). The coastal State may not regulate access to those waters; consequently …”

. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources S. 1288-1296

„… coastal zone but also on land. The wording of Art. 193 limits the right of States to the exploitation of …” „… regulated by the articles on ‘the Area’50. 45 See for further details, supra MN 11–12. 46 See Art. 65 and …” „… genetic level. Through the wording of Art 1 (1)(4), it is clarified that estuaries are spatially included …”

. Low-tide elevations S. 132-148

„… in the definition of an island in Art. 121 (1). As, in essence, ‘land’ in such instances means that …” „… with ‘rocks’ under Art. 121 (3), LTEs being less visible areas of land, even where they are ‘proximate …” „… established under its proclamation of 28 August 2000 under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act, 1973.27 Article …”

. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 652-667

„… ; Chircop, Operationalizing Article 82 (note 46), 395–412. Delimitation of the continental shelf Art. 83 …” „… preserved by other articles of this Convention’. This provision is thought to be applied to Art. 6 of the …” „… shelf.64 Under Art 76 (10), ‘[t]he provisions of this article are without prejudice to the question of …”

. Use of terms and scope S. 18-28

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 1 is the only article contained in Part I, titled ‘Introduction …” „… ’. The purpose of Art. 1 is twofold: To clarify the meaning of some of the terms used in the Convention …” „… purposes of this Convention, the scope of ‘State Part I. IntroductionArt. 1 1 18 Tanaka Reemers Publishing …”

. Right of innocent passage S. 177-182

„… : Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea, UN Doc. A/3159 (1956), GAOR 11th Sess. Suppl. 9, 4, 5–6 (Art. 15 …” „… (1974), OR III, 183, 184 (Art. 14); Second Committee UNCLOS III, Malaysia et al.: Draft Articles on …” „… violate the right of innocent passage is dealt with under Art. 30. Article 18 Meaning of passage 1 …”

. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties S. 1821-1826

„… explicitly in respective agreements.’23 12 Art. 281 was also invoked by Singapore in the Land Reclamation …” „… the Art. 280 power.16 Article 281 Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties 1. If …” „… referred to in this phrase should be understood as having the same meaning as in Art. 279, supplemented by …”

. Access S. 1879-1882

„… observed in the commentary to Art. 288, this is not the only possible interpretation.12 Article 292 Prompt …” „… provisional measures prescribed by ITLOS, especially in cases under Art. 290 (5) have on some occasions …” „… Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases and in the Land Reclamation Case. In the first of these cases, the Annex VII …”

. Straight baselines S. 66-85

„… , Art. 7 (3) does not require the same strong connection as ‘land-locked waters’ in Art. 10 (2). But, in …” „… sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters. 4. Straight …” „… Straight baselines Art. 7 Trümpler 65 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART II.3d from …”

. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 445-459

„… Art. 2 as ‘the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty …” „… proposal to the Seabed Committee concerning ‘Draft articles on exclusive economic zone concept’, Art. III …” „… -III), 19, 20 (Arts. 9 and 10); see also Sea-Bed Committee, Argentina: Draft Articles, UN Doc. A/AC.138 …”

. Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means S. 1814-1818

„… Separate Opinion in the Land Reclamation case, Judge JESUS said that Art. 279 did not create an obligation …” „… appear. Several of them are elaborated on by, or have elements in common with, subsequent articles: Art …” „… , ICJ Reports (1994), 6; ITLOS, Land Reclamation in and around the Straits of Johor (Malaysia v …”

. Utilization of the living resources S. 494-507

„… , the rights of land-locked and geographically disadvantages States ( Art. 69; Art. 70), the …” „… therein’. Arts. 69 and 70 deal with the rights of land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States in …” „… /WP.8/PART II (1975), OR IV, 152, 160 (Article 51). Part V. Exclusive economic zoneArt. 62 3–4 496 …”

. Right to conduct marine scientific research S. 1606-1615

„… they are coastal States, land-locked or geographically disadvantaged States. Neither does Art. 238 …” „… in addition to the freedom of coastal and land-locked States under Art. 87 (1)(f) serve to clarify …” „… in the International Law Commission Commentary on Art. 27 of the Articles on the Law of the Sea: ILC …”

. Obligation to exchange views S. 1831-1839

„… statements by Judge CHANDRASEKHARA RAO in his Separate Opinion in the Land Reclamation Case that Art. 283 was …” „… Federation), Provisional Measures, Order of 22 November 2013, ITLOS Reports (2013), 230; ITLOS, Land …” „… invocation by a party to a dispute of the compulsory procedures under Arts. 286 and 287, and is a condition …”

Preamble S. 2-18

„… ‘irrespective of the geographical location of States’ ( Art. 140), which means: also for land-locked or …” „… coastal or land-locked, Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 …” „… .1 (1992), ILM 31, 874. Cases: ITLOS, Case Concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and around the …”

. Cooperation on a global or regional basis S. 1329-1334

„… sense of Art. 1 (1)(4). Section 2 Global and regional cooperation Article 197 Cooperation on a global or …” „… that there are no such caveats incorporated in the articles relating to pollution of the Area ( Art …” „… (Article 7). 6 See Nordquist/Rosenne/Yankov (note 3), 81. 7 See Cybulka on Art. 194. 8 See Wacht on Art …”

. Scope of this Part S. 944-947

„… (Article 6). 5 Cf. Tanaka on Art. 84 MN 11–14. The duty to give due publicity can be found in several …” „… with States,9 […] 6 For further information on how the article functions, see generally Parson on Art …” „… position of States which are parties to a land or maritime dispute’.10 Article 135 Legal status of the …”

. Application of procedures under this section S. 1845-1850

„… rights over continental or insular land territory’ in Art. 298 (1)(a)(i).17 In non-delimitation ‘mixed …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 286 is the opening provision of Section 2 of Part XV, entitled …” „… jurisdiction under Art. 287.1 No agreement of the other party is required. By becoming parties 1 See Treves on …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone S. 465-481

„… contrario can be deduced from Art. 121 (1) which defines ‘island’ as ‘a naturally formed area of land …” „… .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone Art. 60 Proelss …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 60 deals with artificial islands …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1522-1528

„… originate from land-based sources, the scope of Art. 222 must be distinguished from that of Art. 213, which …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm ‘material damage’ or ‘imminent threat of material damage.’ Art …” „… initially caused by a wave that damaged the rudder. 22Finally, it is interesting to note that Art. 221 …”

. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1296-1316

„… are: (a) Pollution from land-based sources ( Art. 207, Art. 213), through the atmosphere ( Arts. 212 …” „… pollution in Art. (1)(1)(4) reveals the broad scope of application of this article.34 Furthermore, the …” „… )) are defined by the first article of the Convention and are used here in the same sense. Art. 1 (1)(4 …”

. Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the parties S. 1818-1821

„… elaborated on by, or have elements in common with, subsequent articles: Art. 284 (on conciliation), Annex VI …” „… agreement between the parties,15 was described by Ghana as an exercise of the Art. 280 power.16 Article 281 …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 12In his Separate Opinion in the Land Reclamation case, Judge JESUS said …”

. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 667-671

„… the land.’ At the UNCLOS III, a similar provision was drafted as Art. 70 (5) of the Informal Single …” „… should be made to fixed permanent identifiable points on the land.’ 1 Thus, see also Tanaka on Art. 75. 2 …” „… ’ 25 Art. 83 (4) is lex specialis in relation to Art. 311.106 The meaning of this provision is clear …”

. Composition, procedure and voting S. 1149-1158

„… 2017 to 2020 in Accordance with Article 161, Paragraph 3 of the Convention – Part XI. The AreaArt. 161 …” „… matter not specifically entrusted to a particular organ […]’. Pursuant to Art. 160 (2)(n), the Assembly …” „… been specifically entrusted by UNCLOS to a particular organ, the Assembly can, pursuant to Art. 160 (2 …”

. Good faith and abuse of rights S. 1938-1944

„… 20 December 1974, ICJ Reports (1974), 253; ICJ, Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 300 of the Convention represents a specific allusion to the …” „… speaking, in any Convention where good faith is referred to in the manner in which Art. 300 employs this …”

. Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities S. 1701-1708

„… ), 579 (MN 253.13(e)). Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States Art …” „… the implicit consent of the coastal State as stipulated in Art. 252. Moreover, the article should be …” „… a reasonable period of time (interpretation in contrario of Art. 253 (3)), the article provides …”

. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights and freedoms of other States S. 615-619

„… Art. 77, they appear to fit under the definition provided in the article. A further problem arises …” „… natural resources and artificial islands for all purposes (Art. 80), and authorisation and regulation of …” „… 9 See Arts. 57 and 76. 10 Second Committee UNCLOS III, United States of America: Draft Articles for …”

. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 584-588

„… to identify the user’s position at sea. Art. 75 is intended to make the information on the outer …” „… matter: ibid., 72 (para. 198 (3)). Charts and lists of geographical coordinates 1 Art. 75 Tanaka 583 …” „… size: 160.00mm 240.00mm international community. Specifically Art. 74 provides a dual obligation of …”

. Internal waters S. 85-97

„… ”.’4 Draft Art. 26 was the first article in Part II, ‘High Seas’; it was located in Section I ‘General …” „… ), GAOR 11th Sess. Suppl. 9, 4, 7 (Art. 26 (2)). 5 Ibid., 7. 6 See ILC, Reference Guide to the Articles …” „… base lines constitute internal waters. Art. 1 and the articles contained in the chapter on the …”

. Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority S. 1108-1116

„… . 59 Ibid., 353 (MN 157.1). 60 See Schatz on Art. 158 MN 13. 61 Robert Kolb, Article 2, in: Bruno …” „… ( Art. 187). Article 158 Organs of the Authority 1. There are hereby established, as the principal …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm contract with private entities follows from ( Art. 176).102 The …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities S. 1459-1464

„… enforcement of regional rules and standards against marine pollution from land-based sources. Article 214 …” „… and regulations adopted in accordance with article 208’ 6 Art. 214 obliges States to enforce their …” „… , deals with seabed activities, the scope of application of Art. 60 concerning such artifices in the EEZ …”

. Duties of the coastal State S. 218-223

„… warships and other government vessels is subject to the limitations noted in Arts. 30 and 32.22 Article 24 …” „… present Convention’ was designed to help reconcile the draft article with draft Art. 18 which expressly …” „… of Art. 23 11A vessel which fails to comply with Art. 23 cannot be considered to enjoy the right of …”

. Pollution by dumping S. 1408-1420

„… ‘dumping’. Hence, disposal via land-based pipelines is exclusively covered by Art. 207.29 3. ‘States shall …” „… separately regulates land-based sources, including pipeline, and dumping. The same issue is explained in Art …” „… dumping in its draft articles on the law of the sea (1956). According to Art. 48 (2) (Pollution of the …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf S. 629-635

„… contained in Art. 121 as ‘naturally formed area[s] of land, surrounded by water, which [are] above water at …” „… artificial islands, installations and structures (Art. 60 (1)) on the continental shelf. In relation to …” „… )), and for other economic purposes (Art. 60 (1)(b)). In regards to artificial islands (Art. 60 (1)(a …”

. Reefs S. 61-66

„… disappearance of whole sections of the coastline, or even the inundation of the land itself. Article 6 Reefs In …” „… articles of the Convention. Also, further analysis of Art. 47 (7) reveals that its first part is likely a …” „… ’ baselines legally and not physically is more controversial. In the context of Art. 5, this would only be …”

ANNEX VI STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA S. 2335-2466

„… given in Art. 3 (2) Annex VI.8 Article 3 Membership 1. No two members of the Tribunal may be nationals …” „… particular case. II. Historical Background 2 Article 8 (1) and 8 (4) already appeared in Art. 8 (2) and 8 (3 …” „… concerning its interpretation or application ( Art. 287 (1)).1 One of those means entails bringing the …”

ANNEX VII ARBITRATION S. 2466-2492

„… to the maximum possible extent (Art. 3 (h)). 2Also of note is the fact that the article aims to …” „… account the limitations and exception contained in Arts. 297 and 298. The article has not yet been …” „… VII, Art. 11, but it may also be seen to impinge on article 12. Another delegation suggested replacing …”

. Legal status of the Area and its resources S. 958-965

„… Land and Mineral Resources Ownership (2008), 62 et seq. 32 Cf. e. g. Art. 17 Universal Declaration of …” „… . 21 (A/8421), 67, 74– 75 (Art. 26). 14 First Committee UNCLOS III, Draft Articles Considered by the …” „… . The article refers to the detailed provisions concerned with mining, a pivotal example being Art. 153 …”

. Application of the provisions of this Part S. 676-679

„… (Article 75, RSNT II); Nordquist/Nandan/Rosenne (note 1), 67–69. Part VII. High seasArt. 86 2–3 676 …” „… Art. 86 instead stipulates the spatial application of the ‘provisions of this Part’. This approach was …” „… minor modifications) the present Art. 86 was proposed by the Castan~eda Group in 1977.10 2 This section …”

. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space S. 947-950

„… which are parties to a land or maritime dispute’.10 Article 135 Legal status of the superjacent waters …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm (a) In cases where a land or maritime dispute exists, the Commission …” „… I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 135 is a disclaimer provision (or non-prejudice provision) that could …”

. Protection of human life S. 1029-1036

„… articles of the second section of Part XI (“Principles Governing the Area”), the essence of Art. 146 was …” „… minerals to a point on land.25 Hence, the article primarily protects workers immediately involved in seabed …” „… regard, the actual scope of the article may be wider than its wording implies. Art. 146 generally …”

. Delimitation of internal waters S. 380-383

„… waters may possibly also qualify as ‘land’ for the water/land ratio test, see further Symmons on Art. 47 …” „… such passage ( Art. 53 (1)), and impliedly also to control the other ‘foreign-State-granted rights’ of …” „… waters are under their sovereignty, often repeating the very wording of Art. 49 (1).18 The wording of Art …”

. Creation of favourable conditions S. 1637-1640

„… the reference to other ‘rights and duties’ under the Convention (e. g. Arts. 61 (5); 119 (2); 198; 200 …” „… and 248), which safeguards the latter and renders Art. 242 (2) a residual provision.39 Furthermore …” „… , the duty enshrined in Art. 242 (2) has now to be read in conjunction with other rules and principles …”

. Powers and functions S. 1133-1149

„… ‘model’ for Art. 160 (2)(j), see Carl-August Fleischhauer/Bruno Simma, Article 30, in: Bruno …” „… pursuant to article 185 […]’. Art. 160 (2)(m) confers upon the Assembly a power to suspend the exercise of …” „… rendered. Thus, if Art. 159 (10) is taken literally, a proposal before the Assembly may be blocked not only …”

. Prohibition of the transport of slaves S. 731-734

„… regarding piracy under Art. 105). By virtue of Art. 58 (2) the present article has effect in the exclusive …” „… Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea, UN Doc. A/3159 (1956), GAOR 11th Sess. Suppl. 9, 12, 27 (Art. 37 …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 5 Art. 37 of the ILC Articles concerning the Law of the Sea …”

. Innocent passage S. 328-335

„… from the text of two articles that were relevant in this regard: Art. 24 and Art. 17 of the …” „… and Fisheries, UN Doc. A/AC.138/SC.II/L.4 (1971), 2 (Article II (1)). 19 See further, Jia on Art. 37 …” „… the obligation of the coastal State not to suspend transit passage pursuant to Art. 44 cl. 2 bolsters …”

. Outer limit of the territorial sea S. 42-46

„… specifies in Art. 16 that baselines ‘be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their …” „… normal baseline (Art. 5), the baseline on certain fringing reefs (Art. 6), straight baselines (Art. 7 …” „… ), straight baselines or historically ‘closing lines’53 across rivers (Art. 9) and certain bays (Art. 10), as …”

. Roadsteads S. 129-132

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 I. Purpose and Function 1 The purpose of this article, which corresponds with Art. 9 Convention on …” „… publicity obligation is now contained in Art. 16: (‘lines of delimitation in accordance with articl[e] 12 …” „… ; see also ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 7), 16 (Art. 9), which stated that a …”

. Ratification and formal confirmation S. 1980-1984

„… article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d) and (e)’ 4The first element of Art. 306 prescribes that the …” „… UNCLOS. 35e) Evaluation. By allowing non-State entities to sign UNCLOS, Art. 305 has certainly ‘opened …” „… international law, such as Art. 305, are piecemeal and can, even if successful, give rise to intricate legal …”

. Breadth of the territorial sea S. 35-42

„… , Colombia: Proposal (Articles 1, 2, Part II. Territorial sea and contiguous zoneArt. 3 12–13 40 Trümpler …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 22 Art. 2 (3) clearly states that the exercise of sovereignty is limited …” „… territorial sea are no greater than those possessed over land domain.42 This was reiterated by the ILC during …”

. Pollution from vessels S. 1420-1444

„… ) to (6), Art. 211 (2), like the first paragraph of the provision, articulates a prescriptive …” „… requirements. 8. ‘without prejudice to article 25, paragraph 2’ 26 Art. 211 (3) cl. 4 preserves the …” „… . 211 (4) articulates a right, coastal States are under the general obligation, set forth in Arts. 192 …”

. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes S. 683-688

„… relation to Art. 88 (reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes). 7. ‘coastal and land …” „… submarine cables and pipelines ( Art. 79)26; construct artificial islands and other installations ( Art …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm activities ( Art. 110), regarding piracy ( Art. 100), the slave …”

. Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology S. 1765-1775

„… key factor of economic development. According to Art. 124, a State without a seacoast is land …” „… compromise between industrialized and developing States. This compromise was eventually articulated in Art …” „… Lanka submitted a single draft article, the first draft of what evolved into Art. 266.17 Like the …”

. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 564-584

„… ship itself.’40 Indeed, Art. 292 confirms that an application for prompt release of the vessel or its …” „… on behalf of its nationals.42 Indeed, States have a right under Art. 36 of the Vienna Convention on …” „… or is detained in any other manner’.43 This duty thus supplements the duty under Art. 73 (4) to …”

. Definition S. 882-887

„… implemented by the Arctic Council in the Arctic Ocean relate to the tasks suggested in Art. 123. Article 123 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 122 of the Convention is a definition, as the title explicitly …” „… ’ (see Arts. 29; 76; 101). Art. 122 defines what the term ‘enclosed and semi-enclosed sea’ means ‘for …”

. Powers and functions S. 1158-1170

„… functions Art. 162 van Doorn 1157 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XI.3d from …” „… . Part XI. The AreaArt. 162 1158 van Doorn Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XI.3d …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Powers and functions Art. 162 van Doorn 1159 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3 …”

. Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone S. 1726-1732

„… organization). The article is declaratory in nature, as it picks up on Art. 87 (1)(f) which guarantees the …” „… would only be of a declaratory nature.2 Since Art. 257 is one of the two articles in Part XIII …” „… article provides the right not only to coastal States, but also to landlocked States ( Art. 124 (1)(a …”

. Use of terms S. 937-944

„… , Art. 124 (1)(a) gives the definition of ‘land locked State’). Other definitions ‘for the purposes of …” „… Doc. A/CONF.62/WP.8/PART I (1975), OR IV, 137–138 (Article 1). Use of terms 3–6 Art. 133 Scovazzi 937 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 133 is the first provision of Section 1 of Part XI (The Area …”

ANNEX IV STATUTE OF THE ENTERPRISE S. 2276-2312

„… in order to protect land-based economies. Art. 6 (e) Annex IV relates to the production …” „… exploitation of the area’.12 That approach was followed in Art. XXXVIII (2) of the draft articles on the …” „… limited in terms of Art. 3 Annex IV, without prejudice to Art. 11 (3) Annex IV.36 Article 3 Limitation of …”

. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables S. 383-390

„… prohibition of the transfer of rights by land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States under Art. 72.41 …” „… (RSNT).14 When the article appeared in the RSNT it was substantively identical to present Art. 51. It …” „… changes pending its final adoption.15 III. Elements 1. ‘Without prejudice to article 49’ 6Art. 51 starts …”

. Marine mammals S. 851-859

„… , new entrants should not be excluded from a share of the TAC. However, pursuant to Art. 118 and as …” „… confirmed by Art. 8 UNFSA, where conservation measures already exist, new entrants should exercise their …” „… although Art. 119 (3) provides no guidance on the consequences of a failure to do so either by non-member …”

. Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf S. 601-615

„… article 76.’ It would seem that this clause is one which potentially replaces certain provisions of Art …” „… Law of the Sea Articles (note 27), 11 (Art. 68). 33 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries …” „… used in two other articles of the Convention: Art. 245 in relation to MSR in the territorial sea and …”

. Declarations and Statements S. 2002-2010

„… in complying with the ambitious scheme underlying Arts. 309 and 310. Article 310 Declarations and …” „… reservations. The purpose of Art. 310 – indicated by the opening words ‘Article 309 does not preclude […]’ – is …” „… ’. For details see Tams on Art. 309 MN 8–11. 6 UNCLOS III, Turkey: Amendment to Article 309, UN Doc …”

. Marine mammals S. 520-528

„… treaty bodies can operate as ‘appropriate international organizations’ for the purposes of Art. 64. The …” „… domestic and foreign vessels that catch and land sharks in areas under the jurisdiction of Belize, Costa …” „… . Marine mammals Art. 65 Harrison/Morgera 519 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART V.3d …”

. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship S. 230-238

„… following cases: 13 Ibid., 177. 14 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 5), 20 (Art. 18). 15 …” „… of Art. 7 of the Hague Codification Draft and the attached observations highlight that in appropriate …” „… Art. 21, leads NGANTCHA to conclude that payment of charges (for services rendered) and the exercise …”

. Accession S. 1984-1986

„… in article 305’ 3 The first element of Art. 307 prescribes that the Convention ‘shall remain open …” „… Art. 319. Art. 306 itself is silent on the critical date as of which contractual relations with the …” „… other States and entities are established, but Art. 308 (1) rules that the Convention ‘shall enter into …”

. Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied S. 745-747

„… language of Art 101(c), it is silent as to the question of geographic scope of the provision. Article 102 …” „… relation to the elements of the present article, below.6 III. Elements 1. ‘crew has mutinied’ 4Under Art …” „… Art. 100 MN 6. 3 ILC, Report of the International Law Commission: Commentaries to the Articles …”

. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf S. 375-377

„… by an archipelagic State shall, as in the case of any other baseline (e. g., Arts. 5–11 and 13 …” „… (as is implicit in Art. 3 in its reference to ‘baselines’ generally ‘determined in accordance with …” „… the Philippines in 1958 (albeit then in terms of territorial sea generation). Art. 48 had been …”

. Liability for seizure without adequate grounds S. 754-756

„… ), 325–326; Art. 9 (2) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the …” „… for injuries to foreign nationals. 2By virtue of Art. 58 (2), the present article applies in the …” „… inconsistencies between the present article and Art. 110 (3) and Art. 111 (8), which deal with similar issues …”

. Guidelines, criteria and standards S. 1792-1794

„… Function 1Art. 271 provides for one of the ‘ways and means of international cooperation’ referred to in Art …” „… relevant States need not establish a framework of cooperation from scratch. Art. 271 does not provide that …” „… Single Negotiating Text (Part III), UN Doc. A/CONF. 62/WP.8/PART III (1975), OR IV, 171. 180 (Art. 6 …”

. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 168-177

„… standardised publicity requirements attached in their respective articles.3 Secondly, Art. 16 (1) adds a …” „… in the UNCLOS relative to the other limits articles where publicity is required, e. g., Arts. 75 (1 …” „… , has now added further clarity to the delimitation principles under Art. 15, and shows clearly that …”

. Meaning of innocent passage S. 187-197

„… domestic case-law.29 6. Relationship with other Articles 13 Art. 18 considers navigation to or from …” „… Articles and with other rules of international law’. Art. 14 (5) CTSCZ continued to provide that the …” „… , 98 (Art. 14), was replaced by UNCLOS III, Fiji: Draft Articles Relating to Passage through the …”

. Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil S. 377-380

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 I. Purpose and Function 1 It has been commented that Art. 49 (1) – which describes archipelagic …” „… : Archipelagic and other Maritime Claims, Limits in the Seas No. 142 (2014), 5. Part IV. Archipelagic statesArt …” „… 17:50:30 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm coast.1 Art. 49 (2) confirms that this sovereignty …”

. Interim measures S. 1762-1765

„… Art. 265 is closely connected to the evolution of Art. 264. This article was proposed by the …” „… (note 6), 659. Art. 266 read: ‘Pending settlement of a dispute in accordance with article 265, the State …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 265 builds on Art. 264 and regulates the authorisation of marine …”

. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone S. 409-419

„… . A/CONF.62/33 (1974), OR III, 63. 36 Kenya: Draft Articles (note 34), Art. III; Declaration of the …” „… 38), para. 2.2. 40 Kenya: Draft Articles (note 34), Art. II; Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela: Draft …” „… Articles (note 37), Art. 4. 41 Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela: Draft Articles (note 37), Art. 5. 42 Iceland …”

. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels S. 1545-1548

„… innocent passage13 or regarding ships flying the flag of land-locked States ( Art. 131). This principle is …” „… seaworthiness and safety at sea ( Art. 94 (3); Art. 219). 6. ‘unnecessary physical inspection’ 25 Interference …” „… with the freedom of navigation and flag State pre-emption should be limited to a minimum. Art. 226 (2 …”

. Experts S. 1864-1867

„… the ICJ as far as they are compatible with Art. 289. Arbitral tribunals under Article VII may provide …” „… , in which parties diverged as to jurisdiction, ITLOS considered it ‘relevant’ to refer to Art. 288 …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 289 considers disputes ‘involving scientific or technical matters …”

. Objectives of the Authority S. 1798-1802

„… ‘equitable geographical distribution’ (in addition to the present article, Art. 160 (2)(d) on the composition …” „… of marine technology were supposed to be governed by Arts. 144, 273, 274 and Annex III, Art. 5, of …” „… Art. 144 of the Convention and made Art. 5 of Annex III inapplicable.9 Although Art. 273 has not been …”

. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure S. 1934-1938

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 299 (1) serves a twofold purpose. On the one hand it clarifies the …” „… privative effect on jurisdiction of Arts. 297 and 298 by underlining that the classes of dispute excluded …” „… under Art. 297 from the dispute settlement procedures specified in Art. 287 or excepted from them by an …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… thus was covered by Art. 297 (1)(a);53 the relevance of the remainder of the article to the Russian …” „… (ed.), Handbuch des Seerechts (2006), 461–489 Limitations on applicability of section 2 Art. 297 Serdy …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 I. Purpose and Function 1 Art. 297 introduces certain automatic limitations on the applicability …”

. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances S. 214-218

„… ), OR III, 196, 197 (Art. 6 (2)); Second Committee UNCLOS III, Malaysia et al.: Draft Articles on …” „… al.: Draft Articles on the Territorial Sea, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/ C.2/L.26 (1974), OR III, 203 (Art. 17 …” „… to the limitations noted in Arts. 30 and 32.22 Article 24 Duties of the coastal State 1. The coastal …”

. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another S. 1316-1320

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 195 needs to be read in correlation with the other articles of Part …” „… of the obligations contained in this article and other general provisions7 of Part XII that Art. 235 …” „… the other articles of Part XII and of the Convention, above all in the context of Art. 194. ‘Measures …”

. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 238-242

„… land/property law. Art. 28 seeks to limit the grounds upon which a coastal State may interfere with ships in the …” „… ships in an arbitrary fashion, for reasons that do not relate to Art. 27, or in such a way that …” „… the ship entered the territorial sea’ 21Art. 27 (5) places a mandatory prohibition (‘may not’) on the …”

. Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize on account of piracy S. 756-760

„… ), 325–326; Art. 9 (2) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the …” „… that effect’ (cf. Art. 110 (5)). II. Historical Background 2 Unlike most of the other UNCLOS articles …” „… Res. 56/83 of 12 December 2001, Annex (Art. 5). 18 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note …”

. Measures to achieve the basic objectives S. 1784-1789

„… also Bartenstein on Art. 266 MN 3–11. 2 Third Committee UNCLOS III, Nigeria: Draft Articles on the …” „… Articles (note 5). 15 RSNT (note 10). 16 See Bartenstein on Art. 268 MN 4. 17 RSNT (note 10). 18 I.e. Food …” „… practical training and education. 6. ‘international cooperation at all levels’ 20Art. 268 (e) puts forward …”

. Tunnelling S. 671-676

„… due to the fact that Art. 67 of the Draft Articles defined the continental shelf ‘as referring to the …” „… (note 2), 42 (Art. 67, para. 11). 6 ILC Law of the Sea Articles (note 4), 11 (Art. 67). Tunnelling 1–2 …” „… firma,12 before being adopted by the Committee13 and then included in the CSC as Art. 7. The article …”

. Measures to facilitate marine scientific research and assist research vessels S. 1714-1718

„… (1975), OR IV, 214 (Art. 8); Third Committee UNCLOS III, Colombia et al.: Draft Articles on Marine …” „… assistance […]’ 14Art. 254 (4) requires researching States and competent international organizations to …” „… provide information and assistance provided in Art. 249 (1)(d), to neighbouring LL/GDS at their request …”

. Basic objectives S. 1779-1784

„… also abandoned the ‘inter alia’ clause. 15 Brazil et al. Draft Articles (note 3). 16 Ibid., 253 (Art. 1 …” „… . 22 Brazil et al. Draft Articles (note 3), 253 (Art. 1 (2)(b)); G77 Revised Draft (note 4), 198 (Art …” „… West Africa, ODIL 20 (1989), 623. 25 See also Bartenstein on Art. 266. 26 Brazil et al. Draft Articles …”

. Cooperation among international organizations Article 278. Cooperation among international organizations S. 1808-1814

„… form, eventually became Art. 278.11 The absence of much debate on the text of this article, unlike …” „… at least some of the activities listed in Art. 277. Details of the activities conducted by each …” „… centre or programme are explained in respective websites.7 See commentary on Art. 276. Section 4 …”

. Drilling on the Continental Shelf S. 635-640

„… and regulate drilling on the continental Shelf. The article is complementary to Art. 77, which sets …” „… governing provision when carried out from artificial islands, installations or structures,44 but Art. 211 …” „… . 50 The precise rights of the coastal State vary under each article, for detail see Proelss on Art. 60 …”

. Obligations under general, regional or bilateral agreements S. 1826-1831

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 282 combines and reconciles the default nature of Part XV as a whole …” „… themselves under Art. 280 has failed, only a compulsory procedure of some kind remains open to them.2 1 See e …” „… or bilateral agreements 1–2 Art. 282 Serdy 1825 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3 …”

. Meaning of passage S. 182-187

„… violate the right of innocent passage is dealt with under Art. 30. Article 18 Meaning of passage 1 …” „… the extent of this in four articles.5 Art. 6 of the International Law Association draft articles of …” „… domestic case-law.29 6. Relationship with other Articles 13 Art. 18 considers navigation to or from …”

. Duty to provide information to the coastal State S. 1674-1680

„… sponsoring institution.7 In contrast to these proposals, draft articles sponsored by 17 land-locked and …” „… conceived differently as 5 USA Draft Articles (note 3), Art. 7 (a). 6 Third Committee UNCLOS III, Trinidad …” „… , 252 (Art. 4 (b)). 7 Third Committee UNCLOS III, Colombia: Draft Articles on Marine Scientific Research …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 540 Article 69. Right of land-locked States …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 886 PART X RIGHT OF ACCESS OF LAND-LOCKED STATES TO AND FROM THE SEA AND FREEDOM OF TRANSIT Article …” „… of the marine environment Article 207. Pollution from land-based sources …”

. The Enterprise S. 1211-1217

„… 75. Part XI. The AreaArt. 170 1210 Ferrara Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 170 of the Convention introduces the nature, personality, purpose …” „… International Seabed Authority (ISA) (Art. 158 (2) and Art. 170 (1)),2 without pointing out if it is either …”

. Highly migratory species S. 514-520

„… Bangert, Fisheries Agreements, MPEPIL, available at: http://www.mpepil.com. 54 Arts. 9–10 UNFSA. 55 See e …” „… 218. Highly migratory species Art. 64 Harrison/Morgera 513 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… ) fisheries as their conservation and management is ‘difficult without international agreement’.1 Thus, Art …”

. Archaeological and historical objects S. 1053-1059

„… principle, equal treatment is lawful as Art. 148 has to be interpreted in line with that principle …” „… protection of the common heritage of mankind.’50 14 In the end, it is true that the normative content of Art …” „… provisions of Part XI that must not be violated. Hence, Art. 140 is not a loophole for a dynamic or …”

. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone S. 459-465

„… . A/CONF.62/WP.8/PART II (1975), OR IV, 152, 159 (Art. 47 (3)). 9 UNCLOS III, Singapore: Articles 45–60 …” „… States: Articles 44–47 (RSNT II) (1976), reproduced in: Platzöder (note 6), 410, 411 (Art. 47). The …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Part V. Exclusive economic zoneArt. 59 458 Proelss Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims S. 1625-1631

„… (1) (b)) and regulations for MSR in the EEZ ( Art. 56 (1) (b) (ii)).34 Article 241 Non-recognition …” „… through territorial waters ( Art. 21 (1) (g)), to regulations on maritime traffic for ships in transit …” „… passage through straits ( Art. 42 (1) (a)) and to the prevention of pollution by such vessels ( Art. 42 …”

. Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage S. 314-321

„… transit in this article. These competencies are legislative in nature.10 Art. 42 (1)(a) and (b) are …” „… suggested that Art. 233 is separate from Art. 234, because the two articles were aimed by the delegations at …” „… that this article represents customary law.44 Under Art. 234, the coastal State can surely enforce …”

. Definition of piracy S. 738-745

„… 5), 310–314. 31 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 4), 282 (Art. 39). 32 …” „… of states under other relevant articles in Part VII, including the Art. 100 duty to cooperate, Art …” „… . 105 powers of seizure and the Art. 110 right of visit. By virtue of Art. 58 (2) the present article …”

. Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage S. 200-209

„… (1974), OR III, 183, 184 (Art. 18). 9 Second Committee UNCLOS III, Fiji: Draft Articles Relating to …” „… coastal States laws against warships is limited under Art. 30. Article 22 Sea lanes and traffic separation …” „… submerged passage renders the passage non-innocent, and, hence, a breach of Art. 17.12 The other view is …”

. Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage S. 969-977

„… ), 67, 72 (Art. 16). 11 Cf. First Committee UNCLOS III, Draft Articles Considered by the Committee at …” „… against their will.30 Thus, Art. 138 cannot be understood as effectively extending the effect of Part XI …” „… , 36, on a similar provision in Art. 33 (1) of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement. Part XI. The AreaArt. 139 …”

. Common heritage of mankind S. 950-958

„… broader perspective, Art. 136 and the following articles may also be seen as counterbalancing the freedom …” „… development of draft articles for the Second Session of UNCLOS III.28 Art. 2 provided that ‘The Area and its …” „… design of the articles succeeding and specifying Art. 136 gave rise to dissent by numerous developed …”

ANNEX II COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF S. 2068-2114

„… name, as is evident from the more straightforward wording of Art. 76 (8). Article 2 1. The Commission …” „… accordance with article 62 [which became Art. 76]; (b) to provide technical advice through its members, if …” „… whole under Art. 3 (1)(b), although some overlap of the concepts is not excluded. Article 5 Unless the …”

. Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction S. 1392-1401

„… harmonization obligation can also be found in Art. 207 (3) with respect to land-based marine pollution. This …” „… Commission’s (ILC) draft articles on the 1 While Art. 194 (1)–(3), as the first component, lays down a set of …” „… national jurisdiction. Art. 21 of Kenya’s draft articles referred to a State’s obligation to establish …”

. Marine scientific research in the Area S. 1718-1726

„… Art. 256 is one of the two articles in Part XIII concerning the freedom of MSR in areas beyond …” „… the two articles are phrased differently. Art. 256 provides that the right to conduct MSR in the Area …” „… 1 Articles concerning MSR in the other maritime areas in Part XIII are Art. 245 (MSR in the …”

. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties S. 1513-1522

„… could not be based on Art. 220. Article 221 Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties …” „… the purposes of this article’ limits the scope of the definition to Art. 221, although the term is …” „… Japanese laws and regulations on marine environment will apply in Japan’s EEZ (Art. 3 (1)). The Act also …”

. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species S. 1320-1329

„… ecosystem-oriented approach that has been at least partly anticipated in Art. 195. Article 196 Use of technologies or …” „… roughly 10 % to 15 % are estimated to be invasive.4 4Art. 196 (2) regulates the relation of this article …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm as is the general obligation in Art. 192,24 applicable in all …”

. Relation to other conventions and international agreements S. 2010-2020

„… expressly permitted or preserved by other articles of this Convention’ 18Art. 311 (5) acknowledges the fact …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Relation to other conventions and international agreements Art. 311 Matz-Lück 2009 Reemers …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 I. Purpose and Function 1 The general purpose and function of Art. 311 is to establish the …”

. System of exploration and exploitation S. 1081-1090

„… , article 3, be in the form of a contract.’ 11 As provided by Art. 153 (3) and Art. 3 (5) Annex III, the …” „… , paragraph 4, and Annex III, article 4, paragraph 4. 3. […]’ and also is closely linked to Annex III, Art. 4 …” „… economic assistance to developing States that are as ‘land-based producer States’ seriously adversely …”

. Enforcement by port States S. 1488-1497

„… part of the land territory and the internal waters of a State. Off-shore terminals are ‘artificial …” „… State, set forth in Art. 217 (7) cl. 2, to make the information available to all States. The flag …” „… discourage violations wherever they occur’ 31Art. 217 (8) addresses the severity of domestic penalties …”

. Right to fish on the high seas S. 792-804

„… (1995), 1–18. 37 The modalities for participation by land-locked States are set out in Art. 69. See …” „… articulated in Art. 61 and requires achievement of qualified maximum sustainable yield and conservation of …” „… content of the obligations in Arts. 117–120. Article 117 Duty of States to adopt with respect to their …”

. Conservation of the living resources S. 481-494

„… and Implementation Challenges 90 For references see Symmons on Art. 15 MN 13–14, 27–34 and Tanaka on …” „… Art. 74 MN 24. Part V. Exclusive economic zoneArt. 61 480 Harrison/Morgera Reemers Publishing Services …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Conservation of the living resources Art. 61 Harrison/Morgera 481 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

„… vary according to the type of mineral resources in question; Art. 1 is one of the articles in Annex III …” „… article in two paragraphs. Art. 2 (1) includes three subparagraphs ((a)–(c)). Art. 2 (1)(a) places an …” „… and Function 1Art. 3 is one of the articles in Annex III which is not specific to polymetallic nodules …”

. Contiguous zone S. 255-273

„… . Territorial sea and contiguous zoneArt. 33 254 Khan Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Contiguous zone Art. 33 Khan 255 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART II.3d …” „… nature of these prerogatives and for which purpose(s) and to what outer limits may they be exercised? Art …”

. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 419-438

„… respectively, is subject to debate. Art. 80 prescribes that ‘Article 60 applies mutatis mutandis to artificial …” „… . 33). 5 See Proelss on Art. 55 MN 5–13. 6 Sea-Bed Committee, Kenya: Draft Articles on Exclusive …” „… ), 160 (Art. 44). 19 UNCLOS III, United States, Article 45 (ISNT II) (1976, mimeo), reproduced in …”

. Protection of the marine environment S. 1008-1029

„… ). 49 Graf Vitzthum (note 10), paras. 23, 25. Protection of the marine environment Art. 145 Vöneky/Beck …” „… of International Environmental Law, GYIL 33 (1990), 308–330 Part XI. The AreaArt. 145 1008 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Protection of the marine environment Art. 145 Vöneky/Beck 1009 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

Index S. 2554-2619

„… waters in calculation the water-to-land ratio 47 48 et seq. – purpose and function 47 1 et seq. – rocks …” „… 47 26 – straight archipelagic baseline 47 10 – under-water banks 47 17 – water-to-land test 47 12 et …” „… Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts 198 11 et seq. Artificial …”

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Rudolf Moegele, Friedrich Erlbacher

Single Common Market Organisation

2011

Results in this title

Transfers of quotas together with land S. 268-275

„… this requirement was applicable to the tenant who takes over the land according to Art. 74, then it had …” „… to be fulfilled also by the lessor when he receives back the land with the quota. 6Art. 65(c) defines …” „… them by transferring only that quota, without the land of the holding to 15 Current Art. 74(2 …”

Special transfer measures S. 275-278

„… without land with the aim of improving the environment. 11 Art. 75(1)(e) authorizes Member States to …” „… transferred in accordance with Articles 74 and 75 with or without the corresponding land by means of rural …” „… producers, etc. 2By contrast to Art. 76(1) the second paragraph of that Article covers the cases of …”

Temporary transfers S. 266-268

„… transfer without land was linked to the condition that the quota receiver was a milk producer.2 Thus, Art …” „… B2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 74 Transfers of quotas together with land 1 …” „… determine which cases may be qualified as falling under the force majeure clause in Art. 72(3). In order to …”

Retention of quotas S. 278-279

„… transferred in accordance with Articles 74 and 75 with or without the corresponding land by means of rural …” „… producers, etc. 2By contrast to Art. 76(1) the second paragraph of that Article covers the cases of …” „… transferred land to the national reserve.2 Article 77 Aid for the acquisition of quotas No financial …”

Animal diseases S. 128-155

„… , the Federal Government had to refund to the La¨nder the expenditure they had spent. 26Pursuant to Art …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 III. Interpretation of Art. 44 in detail …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1. Art. 44(1 …”

Cases of inactivity S. 264-266

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I. Withdrawal of individual quota 1 Art. 72, allowing Member States to break the link between land …” „… to objective criteria under Arts 71 and 68. As part of the reform of the quota system in 1992, the …” „… without land. The national reserve also includes the individual quota of inactive producers who have …”

Definitions S. 240-244

„… Subsect. I General provisions Art. 65 Gospodinova 239 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …” „… Regulation which have taken place during that twelve-month period. Case law: Case 44/79 Hauer v. Land …” „… [2003] ECR I-4353. Implementing provisions: Art. 23 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 595/2004. 1 …”

h New planting rights S. 310-311

„… subsequent Articles. There are New Planting Rights (Art. 85h), Replanting Rights (Art. 85i) and Planting …” „… Rights disbursable from a Member States’ (regional) reserve (Art. 85k). Article 85h1 New planting rights …” „… 2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 1Paras 1 and 2 of Art. 85g stipulate that planting and …”

National reserve S. 263-264

„… between producer groups, without a transfer of the corresponding land or the transfers take place in the …” „… context of programs to improve the production structure as indicated in Art. 75 of the sCMO Regulation. In …” „… Art. 65(b) of Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 must be established. These are calculated as follows …”

z Cross-compliance S. 404-406

„… comments on the procedure to be followed, see Art. 195 sCMO1. Section V Community Tobacco Fund Article 1041 …” „… 2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Implementing provisions: Arts 32–34 of Commission …” „… , pursuant to Art. 33(1) of Regulation No 555/2008, Member States may modulate the amount by region or wine …”

Individual quotas S. 247-258

„… allocation to the national reserve as provided for in Article 71. Implementing provisions: Arts 3, 5, 25 of …” „… the basis of objective criteria to be notified to the Commission. See Gospodinova, Art. 71. Article 69 …” „… expiry of the regime if the situation on the dairy market so required. In this respect Art. 184(6 …”

Commentary on Arts 180–182a S. 799-820

„… according to Art. 107(1) TFEU. 36 In Air France/Commission77, the CFI stated that “Article [107(1) TFEU …” „… , the 2nd para. of Art. 180 as well as parallel derogation Articles included in various pieces of …” „… . Commentary on Arts 180–182a Contents: I. Application of State aid rules in the agricultural sector (Art. 180 …”

Quota systems and production potential S. 204-216

„… a, points 4–7. 9 Art. 79 sCMO. 10 According to these Articles, the excess production may be used to …” „… production used. Art. 54 allows the Commission to take implementing measures for the functioning of the …” „… . Recitals: Recital 30 of Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007; recital 15 of Regulation (EC) No 72/20091. 1 [Art. 55 …”

g Transitional prohibition on planting vines S. 309-310

„… ’ (regional) reserve (Art. 85k). Article 85h1 New planting rights 1. Member States may grant new planting …” „… . This gives the regime, which would otherwise have expired on 31 July 2010 (see Art. 2(1) of Regulation …” „… (EC) No 1493/1999), a lease of life of more than five additional years. Pursuant to Art. 85g(5) sCMO …”

Financing S. 158-166

„… 186 et seq. to sectors not covered by Art. 45.18 Article 461 Financing 1. For exceptional measures …” „… ECJ; Denmark 2 See Busse Article 38 TFEU, points 41 et seq.; Mo¨gele, Art. 190 point 14. 3 Council …” „… Art. 45 to other animal products. Since the sCMO was meant to reflect only legal status quo the …”

t Cross-compliance S. 321

„… premiums are laid down in Art. 188a(3). Article 85t1 Cross-compliance Where farmers are found not to have …” „… ) and aims to ensure that farmers who receive EU payments look after the respective land in an …” „… [Art. 85t] Inserted by Council Regulation (EC) No 491/2009 of 25 May 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No …”

Aid for the acquisition of quotas S. 279-280

„… revert quota belonging to a transferred land to the national reserve.2 Article 77 Aid for the acquisition …” „… Spain v Commission of the European Communities Case C-173/02 [2004] ECR I-09735. 1 The purpose of Art …” „… support linked directly to the acquisition of quotas. The provision is a copy-paste of Art. 20 of …”

s Procedure and budget S. 320-321

„… grubbing up premiums are laid down in Art. 188a(3). Article 85t1 Cross-compliance Where farmers are found …” „… 2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Art. 69 of Regulation (EC) No 555/2008). The scales …” „… [Art. 85s] Inserted by Council Regulation (EC) No 491/2009 of 25 May 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No …”

d Specific provisions for the marketing of wine S. 438-440

„… effect within the framework of Art. 101(1) TFEU4. 5Para. 2 of the Article provides for the requisite …” „… and decisions of Member States pursuant to Art. 113(c). Article 113d1 Specific provisions for the …” „… accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 195(4). 3 Art. 42 TFEU provides the EU legislator with …”

i Replanting rights S. 311-313

„… due to land consolidation, experimental purposes, graft nurseries and household consumption. While …” „… , Art. 60(6) of Regulation (EC) No 555/2008 exempts such consumption under certain conditions (holding …” „… Introduction to Sect. IVa and Subsect. II. 1 [Art. 85i] Inserted by Council Regulation (EC) No 491/2009 of 25 …”

u Exemptions S. 321-323

„… premiums are laid down in Art. 188a(3). Article 85t1 Cross-compliance Where farmers are found not to have …” „… ) and aims to ensure that farmers who receive EU payments look after the respective land in an …” „… [Art. 85t] Inserted by Council Regulation (EC) No 491/2009 of 25 May 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No …”

Fat content S. 260-263

„… by the Commission. Implementing provisions: Arts 7, 10, 12 of Commission Regulation (EC) 595/2004 …” „… . For this purpose, the average fat content Sect. III Subsect. II Quota allocation and management Art …” „… possible consequences. 1 Art. 10 Regulation (EC) No 595/2004. 2 Regulation (EEC) No 856/84, OJ 1984 L 90, p …”

u Investments S. 396-399

„… . Implementing provisions: Arts 17–20 of Regulation (EC) No 555/20082. 1 This Article builds on Art. 28 of …” „… promotion measures on third markets under Art. 103p.8 Article 103v By-product distillation 1. Support may be …” „… harvest insurance shall not distort competition in the insurance market. Implementing provisions: Art. 16 …”

Introduction to Section III S. 235-240

„… , a surplus levy will be levied according to Art. 64 sCMO. The objective of this levy is to prevent …” „… than their quota allows. Art. 3 of Regulation (EC) No 967/2006 stipulates that the levy is E 500 per …” „… produced in excess of the quota but put to use according to Art. 61 lit.a, b, c or d sCMO, or destroyed or …”

Production charge S. 190-197

„… Art. 51 provides for a production charge that should contribute to the financing of the expenditure …” „… current form, this charge has been set up by Art. 16 of Regulation (EC) No 318/2006 before being …” „… Art. 51 Rossi 189 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Moegele_Erlbacher/3d/Teil_2.3d from …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ............................................................................................. 266 Article 74 Transfers of quotas together with land …” „… Common Market Organisation – Article-by-Article Commentary of the Legal Framework for Agricultural …” „… frameworks of the CAP. Article-by-article, this commentary explains the purpose and objective of each …”

Exceptions S. 783-791

„… pursuant to Art. 267 TFEU. Article 176a1 Agreements and concerted practices in the fruit and vegetables …” „… competition. For both interpretations, contrary to Arts 176 to 177, Arts 113c, 122 to 126 and 178 do not …” „… what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the different rules foreseen in Arts 50, 113c, 122 to …”

Financial provisions S. 844-858

„… ’ expenditure under the sCMO Regulation is covered by Regulation (EC) No 1290/20052, Art. 190 specifies the …” „… expenditure (transparency). However, this latter Regulation together with its legal basis (Arts 42(8b) and 44a …” „… of Council Regulation (EC) 1 See Art. 3(1) Regulation (EC) No 1290/2005 and Art. 53b of the Financial …”

General introduction S. 24-44

„… the Commission, see Art.Art. 1(2) of the text of the draft of the sCMO Regulation as proposed by the …” „… Commission (COM(2006) 822 final). 51 See its Art.Art. 1 points (i), (j) and (l). 52 See the original wording …” „… of Art.Art. 1(2) which has in the meantime been repealed due to the full incorporation of these …”

Index S. 1038-1045

„… – surplus levy 78, 80 – temporary transfer 73 – termination of lease 73 20 et seq. – transfer with land 74 …” „… – application of Art. 87–89 TFEU 180 – assessment of compatibility 180–182a 16 et seq. – derogation from State …” „… 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Index (Numbers in bold face refer to articles, numbers in thin …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 1234/2007: Recitals, list of amendments S. 2-24

„… the purchaser, tenant or heir together with the relevant land, while the exceptions to the principle …” „… ) Demarcation between paras 2 and 3 of Art. 43 TFEU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 b) Alignment of the powers …” „… particular Articles 36 and 37 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to …”

ANNEX XIb CATEGORIES OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTS S. 946-952

„… the exception of the commune of Chapareillan), Landes, Loire, Haute-Loire, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne …” „… or authorities responsible for official checks performed to verify the application of Article 113b …” „… with the provisions of Article 113b and this Annex. 4. The Commission’s experts shall carry out, where …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266466

RiA Recht in Afrika | Law in Africa | Droit en Afrique

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RiA Volume 23 (2020) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2363-6270

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Aimé-Parfait Niyonkuru Commission Nationale des Terres Biens et Cour Spéciale des Terres et autres Biens du Burundi : un Etat sinistré ou une compétence au fondement légal contestable? S. 56-79

„… ] independence” (see art.2, below). Compared to its predecessor, the 2019 Law on the National Commission on Land …” „… des Sinistrés. 18 Article 2. 19 Art. 2. 62 Recht in Afrika – Law in Africa – Droit en Afrique 23 (2020 …” „… un article sur le mandat de la Commis‐ sion (art. 4 dans les lois de 2006, 2009 et 2001 et art.5 dans …”

Ludwig Gramlich Zukunftsfähiger internationaler Rechtsrahmen für Investitionen in Afrika S. 3-40

„… , aber speziell prozessualer Art) sollen in einem späteren Beitrag erfolgen. Multilaterale Regelungen mit …” „… Übernahme in Verordnungen oder Richtlinien nach Art. 288 Abs. 2, 3 des Vertrags über die Arbeitsweise der …” „… internationalen Wirtschaftsverkehrs allenfalls in den Zielen (Art. I), belässt aber die Liberalisierung sowohl von …”

Ursil Lelo Di Makungu, Blaise Iyamba Valentin, Augustin Bedidjo Ular, Daddy Bogole Bolimia, Juvénal Madigo Ntekenge, Richard Mandandi Akemane, Martin Amisa Zogi, Nadyne-Clémence Chalachala, Didier Okoto Lofongola, Ibrahim Tshimpanga Hydrocarbon Governance and Environmental Protection in the Democratic Republic of Congo S. 103-119

„… Leopoldian decree on land occupation; the 1937 colonial law on general legislation on min‐ ing; the 1959 …” „… Catholic Committee against Hunger and Development – Land in Solidarity (CCFD), Oil in Muan‐ da: Justice on …” „… include: water resources and wet‐ lands, energy (renewable and non-renewable resources), forest resources …”

Harald Sippel Jakob Zollmann: Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law. A Study in (Post-)Colonial Border Regimes and Interstate Arbitration. S. 120-122

„… Kriegseintritt Portu‐ gals eingetreten waren, also zu einer Zeit, als dem Land ein Neutralitätsstatus zukam, er …” „… von Versailles. Es regelte in § 4 der Anlage zu den Artikeln 297 und 298, dass solcherlei …”

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Sébastien Vitali - La protection internationale des indications géographiques

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Sébastien Vitali

La protection internationale des indications géographiques

Series: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Volume 11 2007

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Annexe VI S. 123-128

„… protégées selon les art. 2, 3 et 5, al. 2. [Article 10: Commission mixte] [Article 11: Land Berlin …” „… dispositions du présent article ne s’appliquent pas aux produits ou marchandises en transit. Art. 5 (1) Les …” „… : Art. 1 Chacun des Etats contractants s’engage à prendre toutes mesures nécessaires pour protéger …”

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