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Christy Martin

Fighting for Survival

2022

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11 Big Fights, Ear Bites S. 133-144

„… 133C h a p t e r e l e v e nBig Fights, ear BitesEveryone faces challenges, whether or not the …” „… bit him! Twice!” I was so shocked all I kept thinking was, “Did that really happen?”It seemed like …” „… immediately the tag name for the fight went from “The Sound and the Fury” to “The Bite Fight,” and it’s stayed …”

5 “Want to Box, Girl?” S. 53-66

„… the United States.It had been sold a couple times by then and expanded quite a bit from when he first …” „… like that. Not one bit.I take things to heart, and I felt like the people in the crowd, which was …” „… stubborn and I don’t like losing. Not one bit, whether it’s in life or in boxing. I may have my doubts, but …”

7 What Kind of Proposal Was That? S. 81-92

„… think maybe I better look out for myself a little bit.When I got back in the gym, I started working …” „… bit.He tried to hit me. The others were just interested in grabbing at me and getting punched in the face …” „… pictures after the fight, trying to separate me a little bit from Jim.My next fight was back in Punta Gorda …”

Index S. 273-286

„… , 253“The Bite Fight,” Tyson-Holyfield rematch as, 143fighting for survival.indb 273 2/10/22 11:46 …” „… , 79Dutra, Diana, 179Duvergel, Alfredo, 176ear bites, by Tyson, 142, 143Eastwood, Clint, 208, 231 …” „… , 128–29; press conference with, 116, 131Tyson-Holyfield rematch, 136, 139, 141; as “The Bite Fight,” 143 …”

6 Meeting My Mentor . . . and My Menace S. 67-80

„… he was the one paying Jim to train fighters. Later Jim would bite the hand that fed him when he shot …” „… it didn’t matter. I was beginning to realize the difference between knowing a little bit about my …” „… family to me, so I felt free to be me a little bit.The funny thing was, even though Larry knew I was gay …”

3 The Thing We Carry, the Things We Hide S. 29-38

„… word. My dad’s eyes teared up a little bit when I told them, but he remained silent. So did my mom. It …” „… spring scrimmages, and he put me on the team and started to let me play a little bit.He already had a …”

13 On Boxing: It’s Not about Violence; It’s about Self-Control S. 157-168

„… bit, it ups your awareness and your concentration. It’s like a lot of situations you face when you’re …” „… slip under those ropes, you’re a little bit closer to finding out who you really are.There are rules …”

12 Chasing a Million Dollar Payday . . . and Not Getting It S. 145-156

„… after “The Bite Fight” that I realized I was alone again. It was a feeling familiar to me, something I’d …” „… forward to it, but the fight never came off, and I ended up in the ring with DeShong the night Tyson bit …”

2 Coal Miner’s Daughter S. 15-28

„… right in the lip. I think Mom bloodied her a little bit. I can be the same way, and I saw that day where …” „… cheerleader, not an athlete, but that was never my goal. If I had even a little bit to do with legitimizing …”

Preface

„… Legitimized Me and Women’s Boxing 10510 Bright Lights, Big City 11911 Big Fights, Ear Bites 13312 Chasing a …”

10 Bright Lights, Big City S. 119-0

„… initially I was overwhelmed by the public’s reaction and a little bit scared, to be honest. I was a long way …” „… there to win. He was an underdog with a sharp bite.A lot of knockouts are a result of speed more than …”

15 Down for the Count and Ashamed of How I Got There S. 185-200

„… bolstered me a little bit. The first was when one of the maids in the hotel, an older black woman, came up …” „… , my trainer, my husband could have protected me a little bit, and he didn’t.The one memory of that …”

8 Enter Don King S. 93-104

„… could sense I was in awe of the whole scene. He was so nice to me that it relaxed me a bit, but the one …”

9 The Fight That Legitimized Me and Women’s Boxing S. 105-118

„… the time, there weren’t even any women’s ratings, but I began to realize it was another bit of …”

4 How’d I Get Myself into a Toughman Contest? S. 39-52

„… for a long time. There was a little bit of just putting my head in the sand and going on. Wonder where …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538153598

Karl Ömer Rösch - Intraeuropäisches Investitionsrecht

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Karl Ömer Rösch

Intraeuropäisches Investitionsrecht

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 40 2017

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Wirksamkeit von Intra-EU BITs und deren Bestimmungen S. 41-166

„… 41 Zweites Kapitel: Wirksamkeit von Intra-EU BITs und deren Bestimmungen …” „… BITs enthalten - im Gegensatz zum anwendbaren materiellen Recht bei der Begründetheitsprüfung - nur …” „… Schiedsklausel.68 Die Schiedsklausel ist Bestandteil eines völkerrechtlichen Abkommens, also des Intra-EU BITs …”

Materiell-rechtliche Kollision von Intra-EU BITs mit dem Europarecht S. 201-288

„… 201 Viertes Kapitel: Materiell-rechtliche Kollision von Intra-EU BITs mit dem Europarecht Im …” „… zweiten Kapitel wurde dargelegt, dass eine Unvereinbarkeit von Intra- EU BITs mit dem Unionsrecht sowohl …” „… Annahme nahe, dass eine reibungslose parallele Anwendung des Unionsrechts und der Intra-EU BITs möglich …”

Einleitung S. 25-40

„… , BIT)1 mit osteuropäischen Staaten und mit Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion abzuschließen.2 Die …” „… kurzen Überblick über den Begriff der BITs verschafft Dolzer/Schreuer, Principles of International …” „… BITs) eine Ausnahme.7 Die zwei bekannten Beispiele waren die deutschen BITs mit Griechenland (1961)8 …”

Schlussbetrachtung S. 289-292

„… EU-Mitgliedschaft beider Vertragsstaaten sind Intra-EU BITs nach den Kollisionsregeln der WVK weiterhin wirksam und …” „… Investitionsschiedsverfahren auf Grundlage von Intra-EU BITs oder vom ECT weder völkerrechtliche, noch unionsrechtliche …” „… Unwirksamkeit von Intra-EU BITs und die Unzulässigkeit von intraeuropäischen Investitionsschiedsverfahren auf …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… : Wirksamkeit von Intra-EU BITs und deren Bestimmungen 41 A. Völkerrechtliche Perspektive 42 …” „… von Intra-EU BITs durch den EU-Beitritt 58 1. Benachrichtigung der anderen …” „… Vertragsparteien, den Gegenstand von Intra-EU BITs durch das Unionsrecht zu regeln oder …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 307-318

„… Union and the Unloved BITs of its Member States, in: Klausegger/Klein/et al. (Hrsg.), AYIA, 2014, S …” „… dismantle intra-EU BITs also shows signs of broadening, IA Reporter Bericht vom 10.9.2015, online abrufbar …” „… : https://www.iareporter.com/articles/ecs-infringement-arguments-come-into-focus-as-the-push-to-dismantle-intra-eu-bits-also-shows-signs-of-broadening/. Dahm, Georg/ Delbrück, Jost/ Wolfrum, Rüdiger: Völkerrecht, Berlin 2002. Dashwood, Alan …”

Anwendbarkeit des Vertrags über die Energiecharta für intraeuropäische Investitionsschiedsverfahren S. 167-200

„… Investitionsschiedsverfahren Neben Intra-EU BITs ist der ECT eine weitere wichtige Grundlage für Schiedsverfahren zwischen …” „… den Investitionsschutz einen ähnlichen Inhalt wie Intra-EU BITs hat. Die EU Kommission äußerte …” „… dem ECT auch auf die jeweiligen Intra-EU BITs, um die Zuständigkeit des angerufenen und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845285795

Cordula A. Meckenstock - Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation

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Cordula A. Meckenstock

Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation

Series: Leipziger Schriften zum Völkerrecht, Europarecht und ausländischen öffentlichen Recht

Volume 17 2010

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In Detail: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) S. 27-29

„… of this area of law.3.4 In Detail: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)The most important element in …” „… the international legal order for the protection of FDIare Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs).39 …” „… . BITs are the successors of the36 Kläger (as in n. 3), p. 971; Krajewski (as in n. 3), p. 173.37 The …”

Customary International Law S. 26-27

„… Treaties (BITs)The most important element in the international legal order for the protection of FDIare …” „… intense activity in bilateral treaty-making. The first bilateral investment treaty(BIT) dates back to 1959 …” „… . It was concluded between West Germany and Pakistan. Nowadays there are more than 2500 BITs in place …”

Jurisdiction S. 27

„… of this area of law.3.4 In Detail: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)The most important element in …” „… the international legal order for the protection of FDIare Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs).39 …” „… . BITs are the successors of the36 Kläger (as in n. 3), p. 971; Krajewski (as in n. 3), p. 173.37 The …”

Model Clauses S. 130-133

„… development. In 2005 and 2006 the IISD has developed a progressive ModelBIT for multi- or bilateral use after …” „… representatives.345 Among manyother progressive provisions, the IISD Model BIT contains also a provision which …” „… found at http://www.iisd.org/.345 The process the Model BIT has undergone during its different stadiums …”

International Law S. 102-110

„… . International treaty law in the form of BITs or regionaltreaties has only recently developed some solutions for …” „… accordingBIT and is therefore compensable. But it can also stay below the threshold of indirectexpropriation …” „… regulation violates the fair and equitable treatment standardthat is contained in nearly all BITs nowadays. A …”

„… controversy about the validity of stabilizationclauses has cooled down a bit, but is still going on. Although …” „… international obligation because of the “umbrella clause” mechanism contained in nearly all BITs that have been …” „… hoststates who are parties to a BIT with the foreign investor’s home state. That BIT makes an alleged …”

Conclusions S. 88-90

„… states canbe treated that way. This dispute has been mitigated a bit through the adoption of the …” „… formula” although a Westernindustrialized state is frequently one of the parties to it. BITs on the other …” „… from the very tightnet of BITs, spanning almost the whole globe. Most foreign investors are thus …”

Ex Ante Tools S. 139-146

„… with a modelescape clause for BITs- a drafting proposal for an “ex ante escape clause” is presented …” „… stabilization clauses in State Contracts can be designedsimilar to the one proposed above for BITs regarding …” „… FDI and given it an importantplace in its modern, but abandoned Model BIT from 2007. Its Preamble says …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… . Customary International Law 263.3. Jurisdiction 273.4. In Detail: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) 273.5 …” „… Convention of Human Rights 10316.1.2. NAFTA 10416.1.3. COMESA 10516.1.4. The Widely Used Canadian Model BIT …” „… 13018.2. Model Clauses 13018.2.1. International Institute for Sustainable Development Model BIT 13018.2.2 …”

Expropriations S. 75-82

„… international arbitration199 and has made its way into most of the BITs that span a tight net in …” „… internationalinvestment relations around the globe. The compensation standard in most BITs is accordingly providing for a …” „… into aBIT. The developing countries’ motivation is usually the attraction and promotion of FDI.In order …”

In Detail: State Contracts S. 29-32

„… typical provisions in “Model BITs”46 are• the definition of “investment” and “investor”,• the principle of …” „… legalcertainty, though.3.5 In Detail: State ContractsThe counterparts of BITs on the domestic law level are …” „… concluded in addition to BITs to provide a more detailedand tailored regulation of the rights and duties of …”

Categorization of Drafting Ideas S. 125-130

„… development. In 2005 and 2006 the IISD has developed a progressive ModelBIT for multi- or bilateral use after …” „… representatives.345 Among manyother progressive provisions, the IISD Model BIT contains also a provision which …” „… found at http://www.iisd.org/.345 The process the Model BIT has undergone during its different stadiums …”

Measures below the expropriating Threshold S. 87-88

„… mitigated a bit through the adoption of the “appropriate compensation” standard in the UN General Assembly …” „… parties to it. BITs on the other hand provide fora “ Hull formula compensation” although usually one of …” „… investors profit from the very tightnet of BITs, spanning almost the whole globe. Most foreign investors are …”

Conclusions about the Legal Effects of Classic Stabilization Clauses S. 60-62

„… concluded between host states that are parties to a BIT and foreign investors whose homestates are parties …” „… to the BIT as well. The BIT usually offers dispute resolution with an internationalarbitral tribunal …”

The “Selective Regulation” S. 100-102

„… noncompensable domestic regulation. International treaty law in the form of BITs or regionaltreaties has only …” „… to indirect expropriation under the accordingBIT and is therefore compensable. But it can also stay …” „… standardthat is contained in nearly all BITs nowadays. A violation of the fair and equitable treatment standard …”

Indirect Expropriations S. 82-86

„… of the already wide spanningnet of BITs.203 Through them foreign investors are protected in case of …” „… of the BIT, leading again to a compensationequalling the Hull standard.12.2 Indirect …” „… expropriation” are oftenused as well.205 In BITs and State Contracts the term “measures tantamount to …”

Treaty Law S. 24-26

„… bilateral treaty-making. The first bilateral investment treaty(BIT) dates back to 1959. It was concluded …” „… between West Germany and Pakistan. Nowadays there are more than 2500 BITs in place, all quite similar in …” „… Since BITs are besides the so-called State Contracts the most important tool in international …”

Ex Post-Tools S. 136-139

„… international law doctrine of regulatory takings that is reflectedin closely all BITs.359In the following …” „… proposals—especially those in connection with a modelescape clause for BITs- a drafting proposal for an “ex ante escape …” „… above for BITs regarding regulatory takings.372As basic prerequisites, the domestic regulation that is …”

Classic Stabilization Clauses as Choice of Time Clauses S. 57-60

„… parties to a BIT and foreign investors whose homestates are parties to the BIT as well. The BIT usually …”

International Law S. 118

„… according BITs. The imminent regulatory chill effect of a stabilization clause istherefore greater.320 So …” „… thefollowing tasks:320 This difference between the legal effect of stabilization clauses and BITs as to the …”

Conclusions S. 146-148

„… not been fully apprised of all the possible consequences ofBITs,” including for human rights. The case …” „… forgotten, however. This is a significant difference with respect to escape clauses in BITs. Those escape …”

International Literature S. 118-121

„… according BITs. The imminent regulatory chill effect of a stabilization clause istherefore greater.320 So …” „… thefollowing tasks:320 This difference between the legal effect of stabilization clauses and BITs as to the …”

Case Law S. 111-118

„… regulatory takings that is reflectedin the according BITs. The imminent regulatory chill effect of a …” „… legal effect of stabilization clauses and BITs as to the financial burdenand the following regulatory …”

What is Foreign Investment exactly? S. 20

„… bilateral investment treaties (BITs), i.e. state-to-state-agreements protectingforeign investment, usually …”

Conclusion S. 122-124

„… provisions in customary international lawaimed at regulatory takings that are reflected in closely all BITs …”

Why Foreign Investment? S. 17-20

„… define “investment” in the sense of the lattertwo, while bilateral investment treaties (BITs), i.e …”

Short History of Foreign Investment S. 20-21

„… bilateral investment treaties (BITs), i.e. state-to-state-agreements protectingforeign investment, usually …”

Volume of Foreign Direct Investment S. 21-22

„… astonishing decadeof 1990-2000 worldwide FDI inflows had cooled down quite a bit, but had risen again in2006 …”

Pros and Cons of Foreign Direct Investment S. 22-24

„… inflows had cooled down quite a bit, but had risen again in2006 to reach their historic peak in 2007. Due …”

Conclusions and Drafting Proposal S. 133-136

„… BITs.359In the following chapters, different tools are presented that are supposed to help avoid …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226996

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch, Christian Tietje - EU and Investment Agreements

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.), Christian Tietje (ed.)

EU and Investment Agreements

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 7 2013

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Wenhua Shan, Sheng Zhang The Potential EU-China BIT: Issues and Implications S. 87-120

„… The Potential EU-China BIT: Issues and Implications Wenhua Shan and Sheng Zhang* Introduction As …” „… absence of a global investment treaty, bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are the most important …” „… instrument for investment protection8. Yet there is no BIT between China and the EU itself, but 26 BITs …”

Frank Hoffmeister, Güneş Ünüvar From BITS and Pieces towards European Investment Agreements S. 55-86

„… Current EU Investment Agreement Developments From BITS and Pieces towards European Investment …” „… Relations (Sweet & Maxwell, 2000) 279-286. 6 On the Nice reform see Marise Cremona, ‘A Policy of Bits and …” „… third country on the other hand, came into existence with no EU involvement whatsoever8. These BITs …”

Céline Lévesque The Challenges of ‘Marrying’ Investment Liberalisation and Protection in the Canada-EU CETA S. 121-144

„… treaties (BITs), including obligations related to the fair and equitable treatment, transfers …” „… decades of BIT practice, which emphasises protection, and recent experiences with investorstate …” „… investment protection standards and ISDS10. The EU Member States have, of course, a long experience with BITs …”

Angelos Dimopoulos Foreign Investment Insurance and EU Law S. 169-192

„… , as well as under a number of bilateral investment treaties (BITs)3. A closer look to the risks that …” „… the US Model BIT of 2012 which provides that ‘“investment” means every asset that an investor owns or …” „… facilitating their function, most BITs include subrogation clauses, which enable the home state or its …”

Nikos Lavranos The Remaining Decisive Role of Member States in Negotiating and Concluding EU Investment Agreements S. 165-168

„… direct investment (FDI). Let me be absolutely clear that FDI cannot be simply equated with BITs or …” „… that are included in FTAs as well as stand-alone BITs. 3 See the seminal work on mixity by: Joni …” „… common best practice of BITs, which has served European investors very well in the past 50 years5. In …”

Colin Brown, Ilmārs Naglis Dispute Settlement in Future EU Investment Agreements S. 15-36

„… Treaty entered into force The Member States The first bilateral investment treaty (BIT) signed in the …” „… modern era by an EU Member State (Germany-Pakistan BIT)7 followed shortly after the signing of the Treaty …” „… (Kluwer Law International, 2010) 493. Germany-Pakistan BIT signed on 25 November 1959. 8 Treaty …”

Joachim Steffens Investment Insurance Systems – Still a Member State Business: Current Developments with regard to Investment Insurance Systems S. 193-200

„… politic questions, like the maintenance of the existing BITs, the inclusion of investor-state dispute …” „… legal protection in the host country. Therefore the existence of bilateral investment treaties (BITs …” „… . The German BITs currently in force with 131 countries worldwide represent the most closely meshed …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch, Christian Tietje Preface S. 5-10

„… .................................................... 37 Stephan W. Schill Current EU Investment Agreement Developments From BITS and Pieces towards …” „… BIT: Issues and Implications ........................... 87 Wenhua Shan and Sheng Zhang The …”

Stephan W. Schill Luxembourg Limits: Conditions for Investor-State Dispute Settlement under Future EU Investment Agreements S. 37-54

„… Member States’ bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to EU international investment agreements (IIAs)3 …” „… State BITs should be maintained under future EU IIAs. In fact, the Council’s negotiating mandates for …” „… , ‘Private Enforcement of International Investment Law: Why We Need Investor Standing in BIT Dispute …”

Armand de Mestral The Role of Canadian Provinces in the Negotiation of the CETA: Canadian and European Perspectives S. 145-164

„… bilateral investment treaty (BIT) represent a body of law distinct and separate from EU law61. The CJEU may …” „… Commission rely on the tried and true, but much terser, precedents set by close to 1,000 Member State BITs …” „… since the negotiation of the first modern BIT between Germany and Pakistan65. One can only speculate but …”

Contributors S. 11-14

„… Nikos Lavranos is Senior Trade Policy Advisor responsible for all Dutch BITs at the Dutch Ministry of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246130

Jacob M. Held - Roald Dahl and Philosophy

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Jacob M. Held (ed.)

Roald Dahl and Philosophy

2014

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7 “He Will Be Altered Quite a Bit” S. 81-92

„… 7“HE WILL BE ALTERED QUITE A BIT”Discipline and Punishment in Willy Wonka’s FactoryMarc …” „… punishment, highlighting both the grotesque exhibitionand the physical pain:“HE WILL BE ALTERED QUITE A BIT …” „… QUITE A BIT” 85WILLY WONKA: PUNITIVE SOVEREIGN ORDISCIPLINARY SOCIETAL REP?To justify my claim that the …”

2 On Getting Our Just Desserts S. 19-32

„… cultivated sense of what is and is not unjust aswell as a better sense of how to fix the world to make a bit …” „… to hunger or illness. We all still suffer so long as welive. And the afterlife is a bit of a gamble …” „… not even “the smallest bit of fun” to anyone, due to his greed, willbring joy as delicious fudge. “For …”

14 Charlie and the Nightmare Factory S. 173-190

„… giant centipede from James and the GiantPeach, and yes, to get a little bit scared by those cruel …” „… was with Greek tragic theater, an art form every bit asbleak as it sounds. However, the arguments he …” „… the information out bit by bit?The Humean answer would be that through his skill as a writer …”

12 George’s Marvelous Medicine, or, What Should We Do about Global Hunger? S. 149-160

„… comfortablelives, instead of sacrificing, even a little bit of that comfort, for theirneeds. But just ask yourself …” „… , really. Shewas a bit of a nuisance around the house, wasn’t she?”20 The suffering ofthose outside our …” „… . Kranky a bit more harshly. So whatPogge takes issue with is that wealthy nations currently profit from …”

Introduction S. 1-6

„… Charlie, through a bit ofluck but also through his own moral uprightness, who perseveres in theface of …” „… . It’s not what he’d prefer, and surely his grandmother is less thanpleased. The reader may even be a bit …”

Notes S. 217-238

„… volume, “‘HeWill Be Altered Quite a Bit’: Discipline and Punishment in Willy Wonka’sFactory.”3. This is …” „… ALTERED QUITE A BIT”1. Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (New York: Knopf,1964), 149.2. Roald …” „… ), 308.14. For a detailed discussion of this point, see Marc Napolitano’s “‘He WillBe Altered Quite a Bit …”

1 Epicurus and the Chocolate Factory S. 7-18

„… . Then, at last, when hecould stand it no longer, he would peel back a tiny bit of the paperwrapping at …” „… one corner to expose a tiny bit of chocolate, and then hewould take a tiny nibble—just enough to allow …”

15 Brimful of Buzzburgers S. 191-204

„… everyday of most fairy tales is medievalEurope. The worlds Roald Dahl created are a little bit magical …” „… , encouraging,and a little bit frightening at the same time. Perhaps most important is thatit gives the smart reader …”

13 Crodswoggle, Flushbunking, and All Things Friendship in The BFG S. 161-172

„… . Forinstance, the BFG is a bit too relaxed in front of the Queen, which isdemonstrated by his free use of …” „… whizzpoppers. However, Sophie, whilecertainly not boorish (i.e., lacking self-expression), tends to be a bit …”

Preface

„… UneasyPredicament 73Cam Cobbvi ivi i i CONTENTS7 “He Will Be Altered Quite a Bit”: Discipline and Punishmentin Willy …”

Twits, Witches, and Dirty Beasts: Author Biographies S. 245-249

„… bit crodswoggle! He enjoystraveling and cooking, although he tends to avoid giant country. Hespends …”

10 The Fantastically Just Mr. Fox S. 121-136

„… cidercellar, Mr. Badger expresses doubts. He asks, “Doesn’t this worry youjust a tiny bit, Foxy? . . . All …” „… , Boggis, Bunce, and Bean want to kill them, and all they want isa bit of food. At least they are not …”

6 “Who Is This Crazy Man?” S. 73-80

„… from thepark.”19 Partly in awe, and perhaps a bit in fear, Grandpa Joe whispers tohis grandson, “Don’t …”

8 Matilda and the Philosophy of Education S. 93-106

„… bits of broken glass sticking out all over, so you can’t lean againstthem. You have to stand more or …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442222533

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