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Till Zimmermann (ed.)

Korruptionsstrafrecht

Series: Beiträge zum Strafrecht - Contributions to Criminal Law

Volume 15 2023

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Oliver Landwehr Der Tatbestand der unerlaubten Bereicherung (illicit enrichment) in Art. 20 des UN Anti-Korruptions-Übereinkommens S. 57-66

„… alter the standard of proof or the appreciation of the evidence before the court but may never entail a …” „… collecting sufficient evidence of illicit enrichment satisfying the criminal standard of proof is an …” „… countries whose Constitution would allow a reversal of the burden of proof.E.plained Wealth Orders, which …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933304

Anja Hentschel, Gerrit Hornung, Silke Jandt - Mensch - Technik - Umwelt: Verantwortung für eine sozialverträgliche Zukunft

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Anja Hentschel (ed.), Gerrit Hornung (ed.), Silke Jandt (ed.)

Mensch - Technik - Umwelt: Verantwortung für eine sozialverträgliche Zukunft

2020

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Tadashi Otsuka Climate Litigation in Japanese law: The Possibility to file Suits in Japan S. 779-798

„… March 2016 (effective since April of the same year). This modification introduced an efficiency standard …” „… standard but are closely related. These are mechanisms supporting “the voluntary framework” of the power …” „… individual companies were regulated by law regarding their efficiency standard and their ratio of non-fossil …”

Paul C. Johannes Vertrauensdienste oder Bärendienste? Rechtsicherheit von Kundenportalen, Blockchain & Co durch und neben der eIDAS-VO S. 587-602

„… Vorgängerblocks und einem sogenannten Proof of Work. Eine Blockchain ist eine Art Datenbank, in 5. a) 38 …” „… Erstellung technischer Standards, die Bewertung von Algorithmen und zugehörigen Parametern sowie die …” „… Erstellung technischer Vorgaben und die Bewertung technischer Standards für den Einsatz von …”

III. Wissenschaftliche Aufsätze S. 871-928

„… ID card for the Internet – The new German ID card with „electronic proof of identity“,(zus. m …” „… für den Strahlennotstand?, Vorgänge, 85. Jg. (1987), Heft 1, 16 - 19. 29. Physical Protection of …” „… Special Nuclear Materials in the Federal Republic of Germany, in: Leventhal, P./Yonah, A. (Eds …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748910770

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… ; UNIDROIT 2.1.21 – burden of proof CISG 18 1 – by conduct CISG 18 10 et seqq. – by conduct in exceptional …” „… 3 – in case of plurality of obliges UNIDROIT 11.2.1 10 – in standard terms UNIDROIT 2.1.12 2 – New …” „… confidentiality UNIDROIT 2.1.16 2 – terminology UNIDROIT 7.1.1 2 Burden of proof CISG 44 15; CMR 2 13, 9 5; Dir …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VI. Burden of proof …” „… country. (2) The buyer has explicitly pointed out the (higher) standards in his country or the country of …” „… standards in the country of intended use and was therefore obliged to comply with them.36 Fit for a …”

Peter Csoklich Article 8 S. 918-920

„… directly lead to a liability of the carrier for breach of contract but has an effect on the onus of proof …” „… “package” and the presumption of proof under Art. 9 CMR does not stand for the content of the container …” „… , such as the core temperature.6 The standard of duty with respect to the reasonable examination shall …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 g) Does the Directive regulate burden of proof issues …” „… standards formed on the basis of the Directive. The Directive is only applicable to the extent the …” „… application and interpretation of standards can only be derived from the recitals if they have found …”

Peter Csoklich Article 18 S. 943-944

„… provides for the complimentary rule on the burden of proof. Thereby, the underlying concept of the CMR is …” „… (4) CMR. CMR does not contain any rule on the taking of evidence, the standard of evidence and the …” „… and counter-proof Although not explicitly regulated in the CMR, the burden of proof that actually a …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 14 Procedural requirements S. 1381

„… proposed that the standard of proof be “prima facie evidence of default”, but the proposal was ultimately …” „… rejected. It seems, therefore, that the intention of the drafters was that no lower standard of proof …” „… requires that the creditor adduces evidence of default. At an early stage of the drafting process, it was …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… inclusion of a direct rule on conflicting standard terms.6 Arguably, the blending of formation and content …” „… cases provide examples regarding materiality. The burden of proof of immateriality rests on the party …” „… The burden of proof in rebutting the presumption lies upon the party relying upon conclusion of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… exemption from liability;4 even clauses on changes of time limits or on a reversal of the burden of proof)5 …” „… in standard terms.8 This ‘exceptional control mechanism’9 is implicitly10 part of the core of ‘fair …” „… Contract Clauses (2006), p. 360, 366-367 (on burden of proof) and 367-368 (on limitation of time period). 6 …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… goods. V. Burden of proof After taking delivery, the buyer carries the burden of proof for the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 VI. Burden of proof …” „… of proof, notice in writing is recommended. Pursuant to → Art. 27, the risk of transmission is borne …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 72 CISG S. 327-331

„… ). IX. Burden of proof The creditor must prove that the preconditions for a right of suspension or …” „… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 VI. Declaration of avoidance; damages; burden of proof …” „… circumstances indicating that a future breach of contract may occur. The standard of Article 25 determines …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 7 Ticket S. 1091-1092

„… ; Article 6(2) CIV UR relates only to the proof of the existence of such a contract. The ticket shall be …” „… industry to establish the form, content and language of the tickets in an industry standard. The most …” „… name of the passenger and reservation for a specific time/seat). Finally, the absence of a ticket may …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 19 Delay S. 1213-1214

„… Article 19 of the Warsaw Convention proof of all necessary measures was required, Article 19 of the …” „… Montreal Convention requires a lower standard of 1 OLG Frankfurt, 25 April 1983 – 5 U 75/ 82, TranspR 1984 …” „… Article 19 Delay The carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 74 CISG S. 339-348

„… instance of communication.46 V. Burden of proof The creditor must prove the preconditions for the remedies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VI. Prescription and limitation periods; burden of proof …” „… seller would not have left the payment idle, no special requirements of concrete proof should be …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 76 CISG S. 353-355

„… ).31 IV. Burden of proof The burden of proof for the avoidance of the contract and for the reasonable …” „… ‘reasonable’ under the standard of Article 75 and in cases where a claimant continuously deals in goods of the …” „… price. This rule prevents speculation.15 III. Consequences; burden of proof A party entitled to damages …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.4 (Foreseeability of harm) S. 681-682

„… obligee’s perspective, it is useful to provide information (with proper documentation or other proof of the …” „… Vogenauer/McKendrick Art. 7.4.4 no. 8. 23 In light of the aggrieved party’s general burden of proof: Arbitral Award 30 …” „… Article 7.4.4 (Foreseeability of harm) The non-performing party is liable only for harm which it …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… . 80.33 V. Burden of proof The buyer carries the burden of proof for the existence of a reasonable excuse …” „… CISG’s rights, obligations, and remedies system.22 The exclusion or addition of remedies in standard form …” „… Article 4(a).23 When assessing the validity of the standard form exclusion or modification of remedies in …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… of the CMR, the consignment note is a documentary proof only (similarly to the ticket under the CIV …” „… UR). It provides refutable proof of the conclusion and content of the contract of carriage and of the …” „… , standard consignment notes are drawn in the interest of the clients and for simplification of the business …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation) S. 509-510

„… suitable.14 C. Special Rule for Standard Terms Art. 2.1.11 does not cover the battle of forms between …” „… on a certain form (Art. 2.1.13). B. Burden of Proof and Test (i) The party who wishes to rely on …” „… )), the incorporation of standard terms or of a choice of court or arbitration clause is likely to be …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7.4.4 681 Proof of harm in case of replacement transaction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7.4.5 683 Proof of harm by current price …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 9.1.11 731 Adequate proof of assignment …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 III. Burden of proof …” „… in order to proof the existence of an actual damage. By these means, the broad concept of detriment …” „… damage.35 The relevant standard arises primarily from the contractual agreement of the parties.36 This …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 73 CISG S. 332-338

„… uphold the contract.31 VI. Declaration of avoidance; damages; burden of proof The creditor can avoid the …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 V. Burden of proof …” „… standard of probability required should increase in three steps: from Article 71 to Article 73(2) to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Introduction to Articles 14–24 CISG S. 55-57

„… 13, Inclusion of Standard Terms under the CISG, Rapporteur: Prof. Sieg Eiselen, (cited as “CISG …” „… “Honnold”); Ulrich Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms under the CISG’, in Camilla B …” „… , ‘Inclusion of Standard Terms in Electronic Form under the CISG’ in Ingeborg Schwenzer and Lisa Spagnolo (eds …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.6 (Interpretation and supplementation of the Principles) S. 490-491

„… reflects a modern standard of autonomous interpretation2 for international in- 1. 5 Brödermann § 6 IPR …” „… the scope of these Principles’.18 Possible examples include the burden of proof, which is within the …” „… author tends to integrate an additional clause on the basis of the German § 203 BGB (which contains such …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.1 (Intention of the parties) S. 561-563

„… Person’ Test Absent proof of the common intent26 (even with respect to a standard term → Art. 2.1.19 no …” „… ‘reasonable standard’ (another application of Art. 1.7),27 again supported by the factors set forth in Art …” „… C. Application of Art. 3.2.15 Para. 3 refers to Art. 3.2.15 on restitution,11 which includes (i …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… proof lies with the party alleging acceptance has occurred.2 Article 18 allows for various means of …” „… be taken that such standards have either satisfied the requirement of internationally recognized …” „… 1997, CISG-online 236 (accepting delivery of goods with standard terms attached was held as acceptance …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 24 Liability in case of carriage of railway vehicles as goods S. 1157

„… risks related to the railway carriage. In these cases, the burden of proof, that the loss or damage was …” „… to be open wagons, unlike in the original standard in Article 17, para. 4 (a) of the CMR. With regard …” „… e) irregular, incorrect or incomplete description or numbering of packages; f) carriage of live …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 8 Payment and refund of the carriage charge S. 1093

„… the important evidentiary function of the ticket (proof of the contract of carriage), e-tickets and …” „… The ticket may be established in the form of electronic data registration, which can be transformed …” „… into legible written symbols. The procedure used for the registration and treatment of data must be …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.18 (Modification in a particular form) S. 519

„… contract conclusion. Such protection of the ‘integrity of the writing’1 is standard in international …” „… documentation which is particularly important in cross-cultural contexts (where proof by witnesses in case of a …” „… parties have spent on negotiating a merger clause, the less there is a risk of such an argument.12 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… reference to an international standard of good faith and fair dealof Michael Joachim Bonell, to celebrate …” „… making of a contract, formation (including contracting under standard terms, Arts. 2.1.19 et seq.) and …” „… . Brödermann 18 19 UNIDROIT Principles provide the better set of rules for working with standard terms and …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 39 CISG S. 205-211

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 VI. Burden of proof …” „… agree on the form of the notice of non-conformity (→ Art. 11, 7(2)). However, for reasons of proof it is …” „… . → Art. 38 no. 6), the standard total timeframe for notification of a defect is six weeks.33 A longer …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… buyer B7 Notices to the seller A8 Delivery document B8 Proof of delivery A9 Checking, packaging, marking …” „… seller has no obligation to the buyer. B8 – Proof of delivery. The buyer must provide the seller with …” „… documents and proof of delivery only. Note that the sale of goods may require the transfer of further …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 75 CISG S. 349-352

„… issues of loss and causation.79 This is different for the burden of proof for the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 IV. Burden of proof …” „… (un)foreseeability of the loss, which is on the other side.80 Article 75 CISG If the contract is avoided and if, in a …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 30 Compensation for loss S. 1162-1163

„… intentionally chose to have higher standards of compensation in comparison to other modes, as they largely …” „… Article 29 Presumption of loss of the goods The person entitled may, without being required to …” „… furnish further proof, consider the goods as lost when they have not been delivered to the consignee or …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… . Burden of proof The creditor must prove the preconditions for a claim (particularly the existence of a …” „… officio (as in Germany), no burden of proof exists.56 Section IV Exemptions Article 79 CISG (1) A party is …” „… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 V. Burden of proof …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.3 (Relevant circumstances) S. 564-565

„… takes effect (or earlier),3 trumps an interpretation pursuant to the standard of a ‘reasonable person of …” „… proven by all means including proof by witnesses10 – including the linguistic skills of the persons …” „… Article 4.2 (Interpretation of statements and other conduct) (1) The statements and other conduct …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.10 (Notice to the obligor) S. 729-730

„… principally given early prior to the assignment, even in the standard terms6 [Arts. 2.1.19 et seq.] of the …” „… (→ Art. 9.1.12 for the issue of proof). To be effective, the notice needs to be written in a language …” „… sum. As para. 2 protects the obligor, the assignor and the assignee cannot opt out of this rule …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.1 (Definitions) S. 715-717

„… , right or obligation (the assignee or the new obligor), measured by the standard of a reasonable …” „… ), 9.1.11 (successive assignments), 9.1.12 (proof of assignment). Otherwise,1 third party rights affected by …” „… interests (while the obligor seeks stability of the relationship, the market needs flexible solutions,4 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… international trade” which e contrario implies that merely national standards of good faith, Treu and Glauben …” „… without any specific request needed; duty to pay interest on sums of money due; the burden of proof is on …” „… the CISG is not applicable ipso iure, be it by virtue of Art. 1, 2, or Art. 3 CISG.20 Whether and to …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… contractual term is unfair only if it is a term forming part of standard terms supplied by one party (II …” „… individual facts of a case, can be open to proof of the contrary. On the third level, the general clause in …” „… agreement deviates from the statutory interest rate or the standard maximum payment term of 30 days (and to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV. Incorporation of standard terms …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. Addressee awareness of standard terms …” „… an intention to be bound and that a proposal is sufficiently definite.2 The burden of proof …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 17 Death and Injury of Passengers – Damage to Baggage S. 1198-1205

„… was external to the passenger and was an unusual and unexpected event in light of industry standards …” „… , provided the carrier is not able to discharge the burden of proof imposed by → Art. 20 (contributory …” „… Warsaw Convention, declaring that nothing in the Convention prevented the issuance of a negotiable air …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 77 CISG S. 356-359

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 IV. Consequences; burden of proof …” „… additional losses due to an increase in the market price after the time of contract avoidance. For such cases …” „… , however, the Convention allocates the risk of market changes to the claimant; hence, there is no …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… calculate, without the burden of actual substantiation and proof of certain and foreseeable harm (as long as …” „… law,77 the exclusion of set-off in standard terms may be ‘surprising’ (i.e. be of such a character …” „… tance of partial performance) and the other circumstances.35 If the parties have agreed otherwise …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… (2) Where the decision of a court for performance of a non-monetary obligation cannot be enforced …” „… . 7.1.5 and in particular Art. 7.1.5(3) and (ii) the principle of good faith and fair dealing (Art. 1.7 …” „… period of time2 (the length of which depends on the difficulties of performance)3 performance of a …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 71 CISG S. 319-326

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 IX. Burden of proof …” „… Chapter V Provisions common to the obligations of the seller and of the buyer Section I …” „… Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts Article 71 CISG (1) A party may suspend the performance of his …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein, Mario Monti, Bo Vesterdorf, Jay Westbrook, Luzius Wildhaber - Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

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Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein (ed.), Mario Monti (ed.), Bo Vesterdorf (ed.), Jay Westbrook (ed.), Luzius Wildhaber (ed.)

Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

2007

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Barry E. Hawk Conduct Element in Abuse of Dominant Position S. 393-404

„… competitive effects (harms and/or benefits). For example, Vitamins appears to require proof of anticompetitive …” „… excessive market power.»16 This has led to quasi ‹per se› condemnation of fidelity rebates without any proof …” „… 82 EC: In search of clearer and more coherent standards for anti-competitive abuses, 42 CMLRev …”

Pieter Kalbfleisch The Assessment of Interests in Competition Law: A Balancing Act S. 455-474

„… consumers. Proponents of the so-called total welfare standard tell us that it is only the size of the whole …” „… which a total welfare standard and a consumer welfare standard diverge as a result of a high degree of …” „… economic research has shown that concerns are real.24 An advantage of a consumer welfare standard may …”

Christa Tobler Going Global in Sex Equality Law The Case of Gender Representation Rules for Company Boards S. 891-916

„… L 180/22. Going Global in Sex Equality Law 893 burden of proof in discrimination cases to employers …” „… standards; these measures shall be discontinued when the objectives of equality of opportunity and treatment …” „… Treatment Directive,37 on the self-employed; • The Burden of Proof Directive;38 30 Compare Brigitta …”

Mark A. Lemley, David O’Brien, Ryan M. Kent, Ashok Ramani, Robert Van Nest Divided Infringement Claims S. 475-488

„… Inducement of Infringement – District Court Holds That Inducement Liability Requires Proof of Intent to …” „… parties. Courts require proof of a sufficient connection between the coordinator and the entity performing …” „… 481 1. The Territorial Nature of Patent Law 481 2. Liability under 35 U.S.C. §§ 271(f) and (g) 482 3 …”

Jay Lawrence Westbrook National Regulation of Multinational Default S. 777-792

„… incorporation is the center of its main interests, unless proof to the contrary is offered. A proceeding in a …” „… 777 JAY LAWRENCE WESTBROOK1 National Regulation of Multinational Default Jay Lawrence Westbrook …” „… National Regulation of Multinational Default I. Introduction 777 II. Background 778 III. A Solitary Nonmain …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204918

Dieter Krimphove - Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit

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Dieter Krimphove (ed.)

Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit

2022

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Kapitel VI S. 191-210

„… berücksichtigt.VI. Beweiswürdigung und Beweismaß (standard of proof)Ist der Beweis im Schiedsverfahren erst einmal …” „… (standard of proof).Auch bei diesem Thema setzen sich die Unterschiede des Civil-law und des Common-law fort …” „… der internatio-nalen Wirtschaftsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, RIW 1994, 12; Bond, The Standard of Proof in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 VI. Beweiswürdigung und Beweismaß (standard of proof). . . . . . 207 VII. Beweisvereitelung und …” „… of proof) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 IV. Das anzuwendende …” „… . Salvatore Patti; Prof. Dr. Burghard Piltz; Prof. Dr. Hanns-Christian Salger, LL.M. (University of Illinois …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783800595143

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