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Ana Croegaert - Bosnian Refugees in Chicago

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Ana Croegaert

Bosnian Refugees in Chicago

2020

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Chapter One. Refugee Women and a Chicago Volag S. 27-42

doi.org/10.5771/9781793623072

Bernadette Nadya Jaworsky, Radka Klvanová, Alica Synek Rétiová, Ivana Rapoš Božic, Jan Kotýnek Krotký - A Critical Cultural Sociological Exploration of Attitudes Toward Migration in Czechia

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Bernadette Nadya Jaworsky, Radka Klvanová, Alica Synek Rétiová, Ivana Rapoš Božic, Jan Kotýnek Krotký

A Critical Cultural Sociological Exploration of Attitudes Toward Migration in Czechia

2023

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Foreigner, Migrant, Refugee S. 25-48

doi.org/10.5771/9781666927429

Roland Rich - The United Nations As Leviathan

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Roland Rich

The United Nations As Leviathan

2022

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One Billion Refugees S. 193-212

doi.org/10.5771/9780761873730

Henning Hochstein, Frank Schale - Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

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Henning Hochstein (ed.), Frank Schale (ed.)

Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

Series: Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammmelte Schriften

Volume 6 2021

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[8.] The Refugee Problem in Western Germany[1949] S. 426-442

„… [8.] The Refugee Problem in Western Germany* [1949] I. Introduction Definition and Approach This …” „… periods. The study is confined to the three Western Zones1 of Germany. Refugees are herein defined as …” „… refugees actually never held German citizenship before entering Western Germany and were German by descent …”

[20.] The West German Bundestag Elections of 1953[1953] S. 574-598

„… relatively greater because of population shifts involved in migrations from the refugee-swollen rural areas …” „… split their ballots to give the Chancellor a vote of confidence. Like the FDP and DP, the refugee party …” „… refugee voters throughout the Federal Republic, even though its vote totaled 1,600,000 and it moved into …”

[18.] The West German Election Campaign[1953] S. 556-567

„… , however, are not recommending any middle class or rightist parties to the voters. The refugee party, the …” „… refugee votes is somewhat counterbalanced by the fact that all other parties continue to present spokesmen …” „… of refugee interests in advantageous spots on their lists. Since officials of refugee organizations …”

[6.] Current Political Tendencies in Germany Bearing on Its Future Governmental Structure [1946] S. 350-356

„… difficult to estimate is the future political behavior of the large number of eastern refugees now settling …” „… in these zones. Because of the fact that most of these refugees are former members of the upper …” „… -1933 party organizations and their often overaged leaders. The large influx of eastern refugees, likely …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… .] 357 The Refugee Problem in Western Germany [1949] [8.] 426 Communist Strength in the Trade-Union …”

[10.] The State of East Germany 1949 – 1950[1950] S. 457-472

„… , and, in the case of the Eastern refugees, loss of their former means of livelihood. The process also …” „… them with a justification for complying if the tables should turn again. The problem of refugees, which …”

[14.] Communist Influence in Sensitive Positions in Western Europe[1952] S. 515-528

„… year. Despite strong Communist efforts, Communist influence among such groups as veterans, refugees …”

Einleitung zu diesem Band S. 7-154

[7.] A Constitution for the Fourth Republic[1947] S. 357-425

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290027

Ulrike Krause - Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

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Ulrike Krause

Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

2013

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Refugee Aid and Development S. 91-98

„… ‘refugee/returnee aid and development’ one of the durable solutions (A/48/12: 63-66). Hence, while the end of the …” „… speedily (A/34/12/Add.1: 137). At the Pan-African Conference on the Situation of Refugees in Africa held in …” „… local settlement, reasserting their commitment to the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention” (Betts 2004: 6). Yet …”

Development Assistance for Refugees S. 101-107

„… refugee-impacted areas in former host countries” (UNHCR 2003c: 60-61, 80-81). Both objectives were stressed in the …” „… the issue of excluding refugees and neglecting refugee-affected areas from poverty reduction plans and …” „… the funding North and the refugee-hosting South (UNHCR 2005c: vii; UNHCR 2003d: 8). DAR constitutes a …”

Gender-sensitive Refugee Assistance S. 58-71

„… 58 2.2. Gender-sensitive Refugee Assistance Based on UNHCR’s operational definition of gender, it …” „… . Refugees, Threats, and Gender? As already illustrated in theoretical terms, gender inequality is both …” „… influenced and shaped by social structures and has an impact on societies. Refugees flee from violent …”

Linking Refugee Aid with Development S. 204-207

„… 204 Chapter VI Summary and Conclusion 1. Linking Refugee Aid with Development Linking refugee …” „… idea. In Chapter IV, I analyzed what different concepts about the linkage of refugee assistance and …” „… sub-question of the overall research question of “how has the approach of development-oriented refugee …”

National Refugee Policy in Brief S. 147-150

„… 147 Despite initial errors, local settlements were established and refugees located. Rhino Camp was …” „… refugees with a medium-term solution through local settlements that was more than simply assistance and …” „… protection: Refugees were transferred from the transit centres to agricultural settlements with the aim of …”

Features for Development-oriented Refugee Assistance S. 207-209

„… in UNHCR’s Framework for Durable Solutions as a programming approach applied in protracted refugee …” „… situations where the state opts to provide opportunities for the gradual integration of refugees. It is based …” „… on the understanding that those refugees who are unable to repatriate and are willing to integrate …”

Significance of Development-oriented Refugee Assistance S. 82-83

„… scope became broadened to refugee-related issues worldwide. Although UNHCR already operated outside of …” „… 82 Chapter IV Development-oriented Refugee Assistance In this chapter, the focus is on the historic …” „… process towards combining refugee assistance and protection with development initiatives. After examining …”

Additional Remarks on Development-oriented Refugee Assistance S. 227-228

„… . Additional Remarks on Development-oriented Refugee Assistance Successfully implemented development-oriented …” „… refugee assistance depends on numerous factors. While Betts mainly focused on international spheres (Betts …” „… protracted refugee situations, improving the livelihoods of refugee communities in the first country of …”

Statistics and Geographical Location of Refugees S. 143-145

„… : 141-145). While it needs to be acknowledged that Uganda has caused refugees and IDPs, as well as hosted a …” „… great number of foreign refugees, the focus of this analysis is on refugees. Hence, the IDPs perspective …” „… Refugees According to UNHCR’s Statistical Online Population Database, the refugee concentration in Uganda …”

Features for Development-oriented Refugee Assistance met? S. 174-203

„… sustainable use and impact of measures. Refugee-hosting countries of first asylum should take the ownership …” „… reach nationals. This is in favor of the refugee-hosting country of Uganda and shows ownership. At the …” „… operational level, the staff structure of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme may reveal further information. The …”

Brief Distinction between Refugee Protection and Assistance S. 51-55

„… 51 particularly embrace the inclusion of development in refugee assistance which reveals the Global …” „… and Development6 in 2006. 1.2. Brief Distinction between Refugee Protection and Assistance To support …” „… refugees, UNHCR is mandated to provide them with protection and to seek permanent solutions. But what does …”

Bibliography S. 231-252

„… 231 Bibliography Annual Reports of DED DED LS/403 1997 - DED Refugee/IDP Programme. Annual Report …” „… . PROJECT: 97/AB/UGA/LS/403(a). DED LS/403 1998 - DED Refugee/IDP Programme. Annual Report. PROJECT: 98 …” „… /AB/UGA/LS/403(a). DED LS/403 1999 - DED Refugee/IDP Programme. Annual Report. PROJECT: 99/AB/UGA/LS/403(a …”

Features S. 117-136

„… refugees but also for the local refugee-hosting communities. Integrity and solidarity of staff towards …” „… Southern regions, which are asylum countries hosting refugees. The idea of the refugee as a ’development …” „… agent’ stems from increased funding Southern countries may receive. Protracted refugee situations are …”

Main Strategies and Policies S. 166-174

„… of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme, Astrid Peter, confirmed the infrastructure’s mutual benefit for …” „… Yet, according to the annual reports of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme, several efforts appear to have …” „… Mission Report 2004/03: 3). 173 The former Programme Coordinator of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme …”

Research Subject S. 15-18

„… carried out by the DED Refugee/IDP Programme in particular. 1 The Government of Germany merged Deutscher …” „… Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ). Since the former DED implemented refugee-related …” „… operations in Rhino Camp, it will be referred to as DED or DED Refugee/IDP Programme and not GIZ throughout …”

Integrated Zonal Development Approach S. 85-89

„… operational scope to the refugee-world outside of Europe and started engage in refugee assistance in Africa …” „… refugee-hosting] areas we have been faced with a completely different problem from that which existed in Europe …” „… refugee-affected areas, the lessons of past failures and successes [of the zonal approach] should improve …”

Developments in Africa in the 1970s S. 89-91

„… now. In implementing development programs in refugee-affected areas, the lessons of past failures and …” „… refugees continue to face a long-term 90 refugee-related development burden. Their ability to cope with …” „… of becoming self-sufficient, many refugee camps and their inhabitants continued to rely on …”

Annex S. 253-267

„… Refugee/IDP Programme. The sum of the data in the table above is represented in the table 6 below with the …” „… - have an optimum use and protection of natural resources. Since budgets of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme …” „… the LS 403 program of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme enabled me to follow the programmatic progress and …”

Assistance at Rhino Camp S. 209-227

„… study was based on information drawn from annual reports with the DED Refugee/IDP Programme as the main …” „… office of the DED Refugee/IDP Programme in Arua included expert interviews, participative observations …” „… Integration (LI) and Development Assistance for Refugees-Hosting Areas (DAR). The rural local settlement …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… comments, encouragement and trust. My research profited enormously from the former DED Refugee/IDP …” „… Strategy 168 4.1.3. Local Integration 171 4.1.4. Development Assistance for Refugees-Hosting Areas …” „… Assistance for Refugees-Hosting Areas DAW Division for the Advancement of Women of the UN DAWN Development …”

Research Focus S. 26-28

„… the DED Refugee/IDP Programme. In addition, field studies with participatory observation, expert …” „… 2011. Close contact was maintained with the DED Refugee/IDP Programme personnel, especially the …” „… is on developmentoriented refugee assistance in theory and practice; i.e. I aim to understand the …”

Changing Political Conditions since the 1970s S. 83-85

„… operational scope to the refugee-world outside of Europe and started engage in refugee assistance in Africa …” „… 83 them. Protracted refugee situations without development integration may cause conflicts within …” „… refugees due to the lack of opportunities. By means of integrating development initiatives, potential …”

Operating Actors S. 160-164

„… Government of Uganda. The actual implementation of projects is done by the DED Refugee/IDP Programme which is …” „… Development Service (Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, DED), and especially the DED Refugee/IDP Programme, has …” „… and make decisions, which are implemented by DED. DED and in particular the DED Refugee/IDP Programme …”

In Retrospect: Review of Failures of Past Initiatives S. 112-115

„… Southern refugee-affected side (Betts 2009a). UNHCR’s Forum 2005 report reveals that successful results are …” „… assistance towards attaining durable solutions for refugees while addressing state interests” (UNHCR 2006b: 6 …” „… economic and social empowerment of refugees, and poverty reduction and enhanced food security among the …”

Avenues for Future Research S. 228-230

„… discernible: research on local communities and services in the former refugee-hosting region in Uganda, and …” „… 228 Rhino Camp proved that cooperation was fundamental to implement development-oriented refugee …” „… assistance. On a very basic level, if the Government of Uganda had not allocated the land for refugee …”

Beneficiaries: Gender Structures and Relations S. 155-160

„… . The actual implementation of projects is done by the DED Refugee/IDP Programme which is part of DED …” „… 155 Figure 9. Number of refugees by ethnic group and settlement, 2002. 3.4. Beneficiaries: Gender …” „… Structures and Relations Female and male refugees were settled and lived throughout Rhino Camp. The …”

Location a3.2. Structure and Capacity S. 150-153

„… is of ratheallowing it tovities througintained. UNHlements in wce, refugees hy of Rhino C regional …” „… marfor refugee s to allow refugele to the refugavailable for seng in many arealso be noted th000: 18 …” „… first refugee settlement in the region. It has an estimated carrying capacity of 32,000 refugees …”

Operational Comments S. 111-112

„… ‘win-win’ situations for both sides the Northern donor side and the Southern refugee-affected side (Betts …” „… : states of origin, former refugee hosting countries, and donor states (Betts 2004: 3). However …” „… for refugees while addressing state interests” (UNHCR 2006b: 6). Betts notes that TDA can produce …”

Current State of Research S. 18-23

„… 18 2. Current State of Research Development-oriented refugee assistance has hardly been the center …” „… inequality were highlighted in the causation of conflict a decade ago […], so they [the refugees] are now …” „… global incidences had far reaching impacts on the international perception of displaced persons, refugees …”

Historical Developments within UNHCR S. 45-51

„… 45 Chapter III Refugee Aid, Gender and Development This chapter introduces key aspects with …” „… historical and current trends of refugee protection and assistance, refugees and gender as well as …” „… development aid. 1. International Refugee Regime and UNHCR’s Scope of Operations 1.1. Historical …”

Research Relevance and Interest S. 23-26

„… was not found. Few regional-specific studies were conducted on refugees in Uganda or especially South …” „… Sudanese refugees in Rhino Camp in the West Nile region. Although literature has been published on refugees …” „… and refugee aid in Uganda, only few publications took into account the development aspect in general …”

West Nile Region S. 145-147

„… refugees. Movements of displaced persons have been taking placing since the 1960s (Merkx 2000: 13-16). The …” „… first rather small group of South Sudanese refugees arrived in the West Nile region in 1986 along with …” „… returning Ugandan refugees. Ugandan refugees fled Uganda after Idi Amin was defeated and conditions became …”

Operational Sectors S. 164-166

„… refugees. Reproductive and maternal health is to be provided and aims to reduce mortality rates of mothers …” „… and children. Sufficient food ratios according to international standards are to be handed to refugees …” „… : Primary education for refugee children is a basic need that is to be met. Therefore, refugee children and …”

Development through Local Integration S. 107-109

„… highlighted in the Framework for Durable Solutions, UNHCR finds The tendency to think of refugees as a burden …” „… refugees become progressively less reliant on State aid or humanitarian assistance, attaining a growing …” „… . As examples proved, “refugees have contributed to the local economy, retained the rights to free …”

Brief Recapitulation of Goals S. 116-117

„… entire society consists of both men and women. If refugee assistance attempts to link protection …” „… efficient in terms of performing activities in a resource-friendly mode to reach maximum results. If refugee …” „… imperative in the context of development-oriented refugee assistance: adequate refugee assistance would …”

Displacement in Uganda: A Brief Introduction S. 142-143

„… 142 2. Refugees in Uganda 2.1. Displacement in Uganda: A Brief Introduction The Great Lakes region …” „… refugee waves. Uganda faced several waves, originating from the DRC, South Sudan, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and …” „… Somalia, and smaller numbers of refugees from, among others, Burundi, Eritrea, and Kenya (UNHCR 2003c: 214 …”

Beneficiaries: Number and Origin S. 153-155

„… refugees and nationals. Refugees and nationals were allowed to access medical and education services in the …” „… table shows the refugee population statistics in Rhino Camp. Table 4. Annual refugee population …” „… refugees at Rhino Camp and granted them blanket prima facie status. Most refugees at Rhino Camp originated …”

Efficiency S. 33-37

„… pillar for the analyses in order to examine how the inputs or activities of development-oriented refugee …” „… assistance contribute to reaching the best or optimal results of refugee protection while integrating local …” „… the context of development-oriented refugee assistance. Economic efficiency is often divided in three …”

Returnee Aid and Development and Quick Impact Projects S. 98-101

„… 98 2.4. Returnee Aid and Development and Quick Impact Projects The succeeding model to refugee aid …” „… 2006b: 130). Owing to the shifting focus from refugees to returnees and from host countries to …” „… refugees in countries of asylum” (Crisp 2003). The idea behind the change was “the underlying assumption …”

Regarding the Pillars S. 115-116

„… 115 4.2. Regarding the Pillars In the refugee context, several factors come together. Refugee …” „… waves cannot be foreseen, and occur spontaneously for multiple reasons. Refugees often flee from violent …” „… conflicts or natural disasters to seek security and to ensure their survival. Refugees have often suffered …”

Structure S. 28

„… three sections of refugee assistance and protection, refugees and gender, as well as development …” „… assistance in broader terms. Refugee assistance and protection is the main subject of the research. Therefore …” „… mandates and goals UNHCR has, and how it is realized. Refugee assistance and gender is screened to see how …”

Gender sensitivity S. 37-44

„… gender-sensitive methods in activities of refugee projects, discrimination and inequality are attempted to be …” „… opportunities in the distinct refugee context and to achieve progress in the development context. 1 …” „… . Gender-sensitive operations are understood to be crucial to use the transformation opportunities in the refugee …”

The 4Rs S. 109-111

„… 109 be significantly enhanced” (A/58/12: 4). Hence, not only refugees but also the host population …” „… perceive refugees as “agents for development” instead of a “burden” (EC/57/SC/CRP.19: 11). Nevertheless …” „… to the 1951 […] Convention, restoring refugees to dignity and ensuring the provision of human rights …”

Gender from the Angle of the UN and UNHCR S. 55-58

„… 55 2. Gender Sensitivity in the Context of the Refugee Regime 2.1. Gender from the Angle of the UN …” „… precise definition that focuses on the refugee context. The Executive Committee stresses that “it should …” „… internal coherence. 56 In UNHCR’s guidelines on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees …”

Country Profile S. 140-142

„… because the region has been hosting refugees and remains at risk for violence due to the close location to …” „… ) 160 (1990) 137 Population (millions) 22 (1996) 29.9 142 2. Refugees in Uganda 2.1. Displacement in …” „… countries is particularly feasible through refugee waves. Uganda faced several waves, originating from the …”

Brief historical Overview S. 137-140

„… 137 Chapter V Development-oriented Refugee Assistance on the Case Study of Rhino Camp In this …” „… about Uganda, the refugee situation and operations at Rhino Camp are analyzed. Figure 2. Map of Uganda …” „… refugees” (Otunnu 1992: 31). Museveni “wage[d] a guerrilla war against the UPC government led by Obote …”

Sustainability S. 31-33

„… development-oriented refugee assistance contribute to reaching the best or optimal results of refugee protection while …” „… to be applied in the context of development-oriented refugee assistance. Economic efficiency is often …”

Development S. 29-31

„… 29 Chapter II Definitions and Correlations Development-oriented refugee assistance is understood as …” „… development-oriented refugee assistance is based on three pillars: sustainability, efficiency and gender sensitivity …”

Historical Developments S. 71-80

„… 71 3. Development of Development Aid 3.1. Historical Developments If refugee assistance is to be …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246154

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