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La Toya Waha - United by Violence, Divided by Cause?

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La Toya Waha (ed.)

United by Violence, Divided by Cause?

2020

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Khuram Iqbal Trends of Contemporary Terrorism in Pakistan S. 153-176

„… Pakistan, but a swift response from Pakistani law enforcement and intelligence agencies foiled this attempt …” „… . (https://www.washingtonpost.com/new s/worldviews/wp/2014/12/24/pakistan-announces-a-national-plan-to-fight-terroris …” „… Contemporary Terrorism in Pakistan 175 Zahid, F. 2016. “The Zainabiyoun Brigade: A Pakistani Shiite Militia …”

D. Suba Chandran Radicalisation in South Asia: Left, Right and Secular S. 141-152

„… environment in Pakistan…This has become a moneymaking concern. A lot of people say if you want to go abroad …” „… been a part of Pakistan’s political scene since its inception. As the Pakistani State increasingly …” „… fanatics. Islamist groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan in particular, but also more recently the rise of …”

Rohan Gunaratna Contention, Escalation and Cycles of Vengeance: Reflections on the Global Threat Landscape S. 99-116

„… Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), the military wing of TIP trained in Pakistan-Afghanistan (Reed and …” „… Parachenar in Pakistan and some Pakistanis who claim to defend the Zeynab Holy Shrine. Contention, Escalation …” „… ), Afghanistan-Pakistan (Wilayah Khorasan), Northern Nigeria (Wilayah Gharb Afrīqiyyah), and the North Caucasus (Wilayah …”

Index S. 219-223

„… Caucasus 103 Norway 19 Pakistan 28, 51, 54, 103, 105, 109, 121, 141, 143–146, 148, 150, 155–169, 171–175 …” „… Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan 156, 157, 172 Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) 148, 156 Thailand 27, 71, 81, 83, 87, 90–92 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… , Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor Kevin McDonald is Professor of Sociology and Head at the Department of …” „… the Local Trends of Contemporary Terrorism in Pakistan Khuram Iqbal Malaysian Women and Islamic …”

La Toya Waha United by Violence, Divide by Cause? S. 15-30

„… Abdul Rahman. Khuram Iqbal will categorise the diverse streams, which fuel violence in Pakistan, in his …” „… chapter “Trends in Contemporary Terrorism in Pakistan”. Finally, Serina Abdul Rahman will give profound …”

Subrata K. Mitra Frenzied Crowds, Radical Politics and Consolidation of Democracy: The Indian Puzzle S. 51-70

„… Toya Waha for her most helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. 2 Pakistan split into two …” „… orderly rule, state failure or rise of authoritarian systems. In the South Asian region, Pakistan broke up …”

Greg Barton The Historical Context and Regional Social Network Dynamics of Radicalisation and Recruitment of Islamic State Foreign Terrorist Fighters in Indonesia and its Southeast Asian Neighbours S. 117-140

„… , they campaigned openly to recruit mujahidin to travel to Afghanistan-Pakistan and train with what was …” „… rugged Afghanistan-Pakistan border to be trained and equipped to return home and continue the jihadi …”

La Toya Waha Comparing Violence in Asia and Europe – A Contribution to Solving a Complex Problem S. 205-218

„… have been shown on the examples of India and Pakistan by Mitra and Iqbal respectively in this book. But …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748905738

Mumtaz Anwar - The Political Economy of Foreign Aid to Pakistan

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Mumtaz Anwar

The Political Economy of Foreign Aid to Pakistan

Series: HWWA Studien

Volume 79 2007

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Aid Projections for Pakistan S. 22-24

„… 2.2 Aid Projections for Pakistan Pakistan, one of the poorest countries at the time of its …” „… Pakistan’s geopolitical and strategic position, donor preferences have changed over time, Pakistan has …” „… remained among the top five recipients of foreign aid. The phenomena of aid to Pakistan started as early as …”

Determinants of Aid to Pakistan S. 34-37

„… of different IMF arrangements with Pakistan, particularly after 1988. However, Husain presents …” „… further arguments based on Pakistan’s domestic political situation. The clear message of his approach is …” „… , and that the IMF should take them into account when lending to Pakistan. Kemal (2001) and Anwar (2004 …”

Aid to Overcome Gaps in Pakistan S. 24-28

„… While the studies quoted above all attempt to provide an insight into the development of Pakistan’s …” „… . In this light, a new strand of literature on aid to Pakistan emerged in the 1980s, studying and …” „… discussing the impact of foreign aid on savings, investment and taxes in Pakistan. In the following …”

The Aid and Growth Relation in Pakistan S. 28-31

„… foreign aid on taxation is presented by few studies, in general foreign aid in Pakistan is seen to …” „… the studies carried out on aid-growth relations for Pakistan, which will be reviewed in next section …” „… . 2.4 The Aid and Growth Relation in Pakistan There have been a number of studies conducted in the last …”

Sources of bilateral aid to Pakistan S. 66-70

„… , Pakistan exhibits a somewhat surprising picture of aid developments. Variations in aid volume and changes …” „… Pakistan’s need. In this light, these variations in aid flows can best be explained by examining more …” „… comprehensively the major donors’ aid portfolios to Pakistan and the role of different actors in donor countries …”

Sources of multilateral aid to Pakistan S. 70-72

„… multilateral aid to Pakistan International Financial Institutions (IFIs), along with bilateral sources, have …” „… also played a major role in providing large amounts of lending to Pakistan in the last fifty years …” „… plus other official flows), a total amount of US$ 28 billion was disbursed to Pakistan from 1960-2002 …”

Empirical Analysis of IFIs’ Lending to Pakistan over Time S. 98-106

„… dummy for the Pressler Amendment, Pakistan-US political proximity, dummy for Latin American and Asian …” „… votes. In this case, Japan and the US alone can block lending decisions. Pakistan passed through …” „… ’ lending to Pakistan depends on these variations in the bilateral economic and political relationship with …”

Empirical Analysis of US Aid to Pakistan over Time S. 80-85

„… , indicating that Pakistani lobbying positively affects aid to Pakistan while Indian lobbying has the opposite …” „… specifications, it clearly comes out that Pakistani lobby expenses have a much higher effect on aid to Pakistan …” „… Pakistan is a central objective of Pakistani lobbying, while Indian lobbying also serves various other …”

Empirical Analysis of Senate Voting on Aid to Pakistan S. 85-91

„… Empirical Analysis of Senate Voting on Aid to Pakistan Let us now adopt a different perspective and …” „… employees working in these firms. Unfortunately, data is available only for India and not for Pakistan. As …” „… the Pressler Amendment can be considered as “against Pakistan”, and a vote for the Brown Amendment can …”

Multilateral Aid and Development S. 31-34

„… discussed in this section show that foreign aid does not play a positively significant role in Pakistan´s …” „… impact on Pakistan’s economy. 2.5 Multilateral Aid and Development Although the World Bank and the …” „… Asian Development Bank (ADB) started their lending to Pakistan in the 1950s and the 1960s respectively …”

REFERENCES S. 115-126

„… Domestic Savings in Pakistan: Co-integration Techniques and Error Correction Modelling, in: Pakistan …” „… Study of Pakistan (1980-2000), in: The Lahore Journal of Economics 7, pp. 117-125. Alesina, Alberto and …” „… , Ghulam (1977): A Development Model and Foreign Aid Requirements in Pakistan, in: Pakistan Development …”

Research Outline S. 17-20

„… developing countries. Pakistan is also among the top ten recipients of World Bank lending over the …” „… period of 1960-2002. Even after September 11th in the year 2002, Pakistan became the second largest …” „… providing credits to low income countries. Second, Pakistan’s receipt of aid shows considerable shifts for …”

Foreign Aid Volume and Types S. 63-66

„… (bilateral and multilateral) was committed to Pakistan from 1966 to 2002. Total aid actually disbursed to …” „… Pakistan in this period amounted to US$ 59.94 billion, which is around 95% of total commitments.2 Once aid …” „… started coming in, ODA commitments to Pakistan rose to reach US$ 2555.01 million in 1976. However, over …”

Introduction S. 21-22

„… 2. Foreign Aid to Pakistan: A Theoretical Account 2.1 Introduction Pakistan has been heavily …” „… the earlier studies on foreign aid to Pakistan examine the macroeconomic performance of aid and are …” „… indebtedness. This development seen in studies on aid to Pakistan is in line with the development of literature …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… StraubhaarVol. 79Mumtaz AnwarThe Political Economy of ForeignAid to PakistanNomosDie Deutsche Bibliothek …” „… development aid to Pakistan based on a political economic framework of aid allocation. While the official …” „… in-depth analysis of bi- and multilateral aid to Pakistan from 1960 to 2002. Results suggest that aid flows …”

Determinants of IFIs’ Lending Decisions: Theoretical Hypotheses S. 94-98

„… power of the Pakistani nationals at the IFIs, the higher will be the probability of Pakistan receiving …” „… need for a comprehensive econometric analysis based on major IFIs’ lending to Pakistan …” „… conclusions will be presented in section 6.4. 6.2 The Political Economy of IFIs’ Lending to Pakistan It is …”

Research Questions and Motivation S. 16-17

„… of Pakistan, instead of justifying aid on development grounds put forward by donors, is it possible …” „… to Pakistan in a political economic framework. By looking at the various actors’ interests connected …” „… to aid allocation to Pakistan, we aim to test the public choice theory, while gaining new insights …”

Incentives for Decision Making: Theoretical Hypotheses S. 75-80

„… Pakistan. 76 Hypothesis 1: US aid to Pakistan is positively related to the number of Pakistanis living in …” „… to Pakistan will tend to rise when the economic power of Pakistani firms in the US increases, while …” „… volumes. A conclusion will be presented in section 5.3. 5.2 The Political Economy of US Aid to Pakistan …”

Conclusions S. 72-73

„… Pakistan. Anecdotal evidence suggests that ethnic lobbying by Pakistani and Indian lobbies could play a …” „… with the IMF and the World Bank when the governments of Pakistan directly included high-level staff …” „… Pakistan in 1988, Moeen Qureshi, Senior Vice President of the World Bank was caretaker Prime Minister of …”

Introduction S. 62-63

„… 4. Aid Flows to Pakistan: The Evidence 4.1 Introduction Pakistan’s strategic position in the …” „… region renders the country very attractive as an aid recipient. Although Pakistan is not an extremely …” „… . Despite this, the flows of aid to Pakistan have fluctuated greatly along with changes in the international …”

CONCLUSIONS S. 111-114

„… the example of US aid to Pakistan, representing bilateral aid, and the World Bank, ADB and IMF lending …” „… to Pakistan, representing multilateral aid, this thesis provides a comprehensive empirical analysis …” „… developing countries. The results of our analysis can be summarised as follows. In the case of Pakistan, aid …”

Introduction S. 93-94

„… 6 The Political Economy of Multilateral Aid to Pakistan 6.1 Introduction Based on both …” „… economic analysis of decision making to the major multilateral financial institutions’ lending to Pakistan …” „… . As shown in chapter 4, the multilateral financial institutions most relevant for Pakistan since the …”

Conclusions S. 37

„… studies, the overall ups and downs in aid receipts by Pakistan are mainly a result of changes in …” „… requirement have clearly not become true. If aid has had any positive effect in Pakistan, this may have been …” „… developing countries. In the case of Pakistan, this area has been rarely examined, and the research that has …”

Background S. 15-16

„… of Pakistan, instead of justifying aid on development grounds put forward by donors, is it possible …” „… to Pakistan in a political economic framework. By looking at the various actors’ interests connected …” „… to aid allocation to Pakistan, we aim to test the public choice theory, while gaining new insights …”

ANNEX S. 127-141

„… business groups of Pakistan and India in the US via lobby organizations located in the US (‘000 US$ 2001 …” „… amendments jointly(=1 if he votes in favour of Pakistan, =0 if he votes against Pakistan Congressional …” „… Quarterly Inc. (1985) and US Senate (2004) Voting in favour of Pakistan is considered as a vote against the …”

Comparison among IFIs S. 106-109

„… when lending to Pakistan. However, Willett (2001) points out that while there has been an increasing …” „… bureaucracies also varies between the organisations. In the case of Pakistan, anecdotal evidence shows …” „… Pakistan throughout the 1990s even as the World Bank and IMF disengaged their lending operations due to the …”

Introduction S. 74-75

„… 5. The Political Economy of Bilateral Aid to Pakistan: The Example of US Aid 5.1 Introduction A …” „… presented in the previous chapters suggest that aid flows to Pakistan are to a large extent political …” „… comprehensive econometric analysis based on the example of US aid to Pakistan from 1980-2002. In addition, as …”

List of Tables S. 13-14

„… of ODA to Pakistan 1960-2002 67Table 5.1 Regression results for US aid to Pakistan over time 84Table …” „… Jointly 91Table 6.1 Regression results for IFIs` Lending to Pakistan 105Table 6.2 Tobit estimated …” „… statistics of variables analysed 135Table E3 Tobit regression results for IFIs’ Lending to Pakistan 135Table …”

List of Figures S. 12

„… List of Figures Figure 4.1 Total ODA disbursement to Pakistan 1966-2002 64Figure 4.2 Composition …” „… of ODA Disbursed to Pakistan: % of loans out of total ODA 65Figure 4.3 Bilateral ODA disbursement to …” „… Pakistan 1960-2002 68Figure C1 Votes against the Pressler Amendment in %, by Indian firms in the state 132 …”

Conclusions S. 109-110

„… must of course be kept in mind, that our results are based merely on lending to Pakistan. Similar …” „… Pakistan based on the example of the World Bank, the IMF and the ADB. While the objectives to respond to …” „… and ADB lending to Pakistan, this chapter provides evidence for political economic determinants of …”

Conclusions S. 91-92

„… assistance, this chapter analyses bilateral aid to Pakistan based on the example of the US under the …” „… Pakistan. 91While in case of the Pressler Amendment, the direct influence of population groups of Indian …” „… various estimation techniques and regression specifications, at the example of US aid to Pakistan, this …”

Conclusions S. 59-61

„… of determinants of aid allocation to Pakistan. In the next chapter, we will first present facts and …” „… simple evidence based on aid flows to Pakistan 60 over time before taking a more comprehensive …” „… econometric analysis of bilateral and multilateral aid to Pakistan in the subsequent two chapters. 61 …”

Introduction S. 38-39

„… some ideas about factors affecting aid allocation to Pakistan, in this chapter we refer to several …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845200026

Jonas Schneider - Amerikanische Allianzen und nukleare Nichtverbreitung

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Jonas Schneider

Amerikanische Allianzen und nukleare Nichtverbreitung

Series: Comparative Politics - Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft

Volume 7 2016

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6. Das Ausbleiben eines Nuclear Reversals in Pakistan S. 413-494

„… : Indo-Pakistan Relations: Mistaken AP Story of Pakistani Nuclear Blast in China, March 27, 1984”, S. 1, NSArch …” „… 6. Das Ausbleiben eines Nuclear Reversals in Pakistan Pakistan hat seit 1963 Kernwaffenaktivitäten …” „… . Pakistans Stellung als Allianzpartner der USA hat also augenscheinlich nicht dazu geführt, dass alle au …”

8. Literaturverzeichnis S. 541-580

„… 1917-1967. Eine Auswahl, Stuttgart: DVA, 1975, S. 484-491. Ahmed, Samina, Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Program …” „… .), Pakistan and the Bomb. Public Opinion and Nuclear Options, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998 …” „… York Times, 21.12.2013, S. A10. Arif, Khalid Mahmud, Working with Zia. Pakistan’s Power Politics …”

7. Schlussfolgerungen S. 495-540

„… Kapitel 6 wurde schließlich das Ausbleiben eines Nuclear Reversals in Pakistan untersucht. Der hierbei …” „… . Schlussfolgerungen 497 glieder von Ayubs Regierung auf ein pakistanisches Kernwaffenprogramm drängten, stellt die …” „… pakistanischen Entscheidungsträgern voneinander unterschied, war ihre Vorstellung vom Status ihrer Nation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Ausbleiben eines Nuclear Reversals in Pakistan 413 Die Kernwaffenaktivitäten Pakistans6.1. 414 …” „… der Hypothesentests zu Pakistan 491 Tabelle 7.1.: Zusammenfassung der fallübergreifenden …” „… Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission PArch Parlamentsarchiv des Deutschen Bundestags, Berlin PA/AA Politisches …”

1. Einleitung: Amerikanische Allianzen und Nuclear Reversal S. 17-48

„… verweigert haben: Großbritannien und Pakistan. Trotz dieser Unterschiede im Proliferationsverhalten der …” „… . Kapitel 6 untersucht das Ausbleiben eines Nuclear Reversals in Pakistan. In der Literatur wird dieser …” „… oder Pakistan den verlässlichen Schutz eines formalen Beistandsvertrags vorenthalten hätten. Diese …”

2. Intra-Alliance Status Theory: Die Vorstellung vom Status der eigenen Nation gegenüber den USA und Nuclear Reversal S. 49-109

„… gegen vier Alliierte (Israel, Südkorea, Pakistan, Taiwan) von den USA materieller Druck eingesetzt. Was …”

5. Der Nuclear Reversal von Südkorea S. 323-412

„… vermeiden. Bedingt durch den selbst im Vergleich mit den britischen und pakistanischen Fallbeispielen …” „… Pakistan vgl. Kapitel 6.2.1. 880 „Note for Brzezinski by Gregg: Up-date on Korea, May 21, 1980”, a.a.O., S …”

3. Der Nuclear Reversal der Bundesrepublik Deutschland S. 110-269

„… Entscheidungsträger zahlenmäßig größer. Denn anders als in Großbritannien, Südkorea und Pakistan waren in der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845270685

Verena Brenner, Janet Kursawe - Konfliktfaktor Religion?

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Verena Brenner (ed.), Janet Kursawe (ed.)

Konfliktfaktor Religion?

Series: Religion - Konflikt - Frieden

Volume 6 2013

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Janet Kursawe#Kristin Bleyder Mobilisierung, Rekrutierung, Radikalisierung: Wachsender gewaltbereiter Islamismus in Pakistan S. 97-130

„… taktisches Hinterland im pakistanischindischen Konflikt. Eine Pakistan nahestehende islamische Regierung in …” „… pakistani- 78 Wilkens 2010: 9. 79 Valentine 2009: 3, Green 2012. 80 Auf Deutsch: Pakistans Armee der …” „… , http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/01/03/obama-2013-pakistan-dronestrikes/ (Abrufdatum: 22. April 2013). Chopra …”

Thomas K. Gugler Angriff auf die Ambiguitätstoleranz: Pakistans Barelwiyat zwischen Prophetenliebe und Sufislamismus S. 131-152

„… http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/pakistan-news/Regional/Karachi/01- Apr2011/Convert-or-go-to-hell-tablighis-tell--nonMuslim-patients-at-govt-hospitals …” „… http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html [31.03.2011]. 137 295-A. Deliberate and malicious acts intended to …” „… 131 Angriff auf die Ambiguitätstoleranz: Pakistans Barelwiyat zwischen Prophetenliebe und …”

Janet Kursawe#Verena Brenner Die Wirkungsmacht von Religionen in den Konflikten Südasiens S. 9-28

„… : Wachsender gewaltbereiter Islamismus in Pakistan“ untersuchen die Autorinnen Janet Kursawe und Kristin …” „… gewaltbereitem Islamismus. Seit 2001 sehen sich die wechselnden pakistanischen Regierungen sehr …” „… nötig auch militärisch entgegenzutreten. Der von Seiten der US-Regierung auf die pakistanische …”

Kristin Bleyder Religion in Spannungsfeld politischer Konflikte in Bangladesch S. 207-236

„… der Mudschahidin Bangladesch. 3 Die HuJI ist in Pakistan, Indien und Kaschmir aktiv. 208 von …” „… Bangladesch im Jahr 1971 unabhängig wurde, war es Teil von Pakistan, auch wenn Ost- und West-Pakistan räumlich …” „… Pakistans, nämlich einen Staat für alle Muslime Südasiens zu schaffen, gescheitert. Direkt nach seiner …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… : Wachsender gewaltbereiter Islamismus in Pakistan Janet Kursawe & Kristin Bleyder 97 Angriff auf die …” „… Ambiguitätstoleranz: Pakistans Barelwiyat zwischen Prophetenliebe und Sufislamismus Thomas K. Gugler 131 Der …”

Pierre Gottschlich Die indische Diaspora in den USA und ihre Rolle im Religionskonflikt in Indien S. 53-74

„… [gemeint ist der Ram-Janmabhumi-Tempel in Ayodhya; P.G.]. Die Muslime haben ihr Pakistan bekommen. Sogar …” „… Pakistan zugeschlagen wurden; P.G.]. Ein Indien, wo uns bei unseren Festen immer mehr Einschränkungen …” „… Kaschmir waren die Hindus in der Minderheit und wurden aus dem Tal gejagt. Sprüche wie ‚Lang lebe Pakistan …”

Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren S. 237-238

„… "Postislamismus in Pakistan" und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Orientalistik der Universität …”

Anne-Katrin Henseler#Andreas Zick Religiosität und Vorurteile: Welche Rolle spielt die Orientierungslosigkeit? S. 29-52

„… Janet Kursawe und Kristin Bleyder zu religiöser Radikalisierung in Pakistan geschildert, welche …” „… Bedeutung Verunsicherung und Orientierungslosigkeit in der pakistanischen Bevölkerung für die Akzeptanz …” „… sufistische Bewegung der Barlewi in Pakistan über eine Verstärkung islamistischer Überzeugungen in Reaktion …”

Raphael Susewind Muslimische Friedensaktivisten in Gujarat, Indien S. 75-96

„… pakistanische Frömmigkeitsbewegung Da'wat-e Islami. In: Reetz, Dietrich (Hrsg.): Islam in Europa. Religiöses …” „… Muslims in India and Pakistan. Oxford: Univ. Press, S. 265-284. Nandy, Ashis, Trivedy, Shikha/Mayaram …”

Christoph Trinn Der Sieger und der Sonnengott: Der Tamilen-Singhalesen-Konflikt in Sri Lanka und die Religion S. 153-182

„… , Sebastian/Dehn, Rüdiger von (Hrsg.): Indien und Pakistan. Atommächte im Spannungsfeld regionaler und globaler …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238807

Yahya R. Kamalipour - Global Media Perceptions of the United States

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Yahya R. Kamalipour (ed.)

Global Media Perceptions of the United States

2021

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PAKISTAN—17. Pakistani Perceptions of Trump’s America: A Troubled Relationship with Pakistan and Islam S. 227-242

„… material support to Pakistan.Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the Role of PakistanDuring the height of …” „… 227PAKISTAN17Pakistani Perceptions of Trump’s AmericaA Troubled Relationship with Pakistan and …” „… rather are a continuation of manipulative and violent foreign policy in and around Pakistan.In order to …”

Index S. 293-304

„… ; Pakistan-US relations tied to, 227, 228, 237–38; refugees in Pakistan, 233; resistance to foreign occupation …” „… 293IndexAfghanistan: Greek media on US invasion of, 149–50; Pakistan relations with, 232–33 …” „… , xii; historical treatment of, xi; Iranian media on Trump, 167–68; Pakistan on US, 228; Trump …”

Preface

„… Peremobowei Akoje, University of BeninPAKISTAN17 Pakistani Perceptions of Trump’s America: A Troubled …” „… Relationship with Pakistan and Islam 227Ejaz Akram, Southwestern University of Politics & Law, Chongqing, and …”

About the Editor and Contributors S. 305-312

„… in Pakistan, North America, China, South Asia, and the Middle East.Rasha Allam (DBA, Maastricht …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538142431

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