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Kathrin Rucktäschel - Environmental Security and Deforestation in Indonesia

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Kathrin Rucktäschel

Environmental Security and Deforestation in Indonesia

Series: Transformation, Development, and Regionalization in Greater Asia

Volume 14 2016

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IV. Impacts and Consequences of Indonesian Deforestation – Indonesia’s Environmental Responsibility S. 197-234

„… 197 IV. Impacts and Consequences of Indonesian Deforestation – Indonesia’s Environmental …” „… , focused on the Indonesia’s responsibility towards its own nation and its citizens as well. The Indonesian …” „… deforestation on different levels of security as well as Indonesia’s responsibility and national capacity to …”

III. Indonesian Deforestation and Forest Fires – Understanding Indonesia’s Persistent Environmental Problem S. 143-196

„… 143 III. Indonesian Deforestation and Forest Fires – Understanding Indonesia’s Persistent …” „… Indonesian environmental law was rather disappointing.359 Indonesia’s current environmental legislation is …” „… Indonesia’s yearly high rate of deforestation. As this chapter is designated for analyzing the existing …”

I. Introduction S. 15-28

„… its influences on the individual, regional, and the global level. Due to Indonesia’s international …” „… Indonesia’s population is approximately 230 million, rendering it the 4th most populated country in the world …” „… for International Forestry Research’ (CIFOR) is located in Bogor, a city close to Indonesia’s capital …”

References S. 241-258

„… Indonesia’s Era of Crisis and Reform, Washington D.C.: WRI. Barr, Christopher et al. (eds.) (2006 …” „… Indonesia’s Land-Use Conundrum (Asia Security Initiative Policy Series, Working Paper No. 19), Singapore …” „… : International Spectator, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 51-65. Frings, Marc (2011). Indonesia’s Role in International …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… . Impacts and Consequences of Indonesian Deforestation – Indonesia’s Environmental Responsibility 197 …” „… ) 168 4.1 Impacts of Indonesian deforestation on different levels of security as well as Indonesia’s …” „… Indonesia’s Persistent Environmental Problem 143 III.1 Structural Framework Conditions 144 III.1.1 …”

V. Conclusion S. 235-240

„… Indonesia’s deforestation. The analysis in chapter three gave an overview over the main reasons and actors …” „… behind Indonesia’s deforestation, thereby orientated to the structure given by Jänicke’s model of how to …” „… Indonesia’s responsibility and how Indonesia is currently reacting to the given high deforestation and the …”

II. Theoretical Framework S. 29-142

„… following analysis of one of Indonesia’s most concerning environmental issues will be embedded. First, it …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249070

Ryan Shaffer - The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures

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Ryan Shaffer (ed.)

The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures

2022

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8 Indonesia: Intelligence Culture in Turbulent Times S. 103-116

„… Konfrontasi (a conflict over Indonesia’s opposition to Malaysia’s establishment from 1963 to 1966), Indonesian …” „… 1950s.2 The evolution of Indonesia’s national security and intelligence services continued apace during …” „… these turbulent times.Any writing on Indonesia’s intelligence services makes for compel-ling reading and …”

Index S. 419-450

„… Badan Rahasia Negara Indonesia (Indonesian State Secret Agency, BRANI), 105Bahagian Staf Perisikan …” „… IndonesiaBrazil, North Korea and, 245, 249BRD. See Brunei Research DepartmentBRI. See Belt and Road …” „… (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI), 104, 111–12Indonesian National Policing Agency, 108–9Indonesian State …”

27 Timor-Leste: An Intelligence Culture Developing and Overcoming Politicization S. 369-382

„… Indonesia’s history. Formally known as the Dutch East Indies, present- day Indonesia had been under Dutch rule …” „… resulted in instability and then invasion and annexation by Indonesia in 1975.6 The Indonesian government …” „… recruited and ordered to forward intelligence about their community members.”7 By the 1980s, Indonesia’s …”

21 Singapore: Developing Intelligence Power from Third World to First S. 279-292

„… dichotomy of challenge and opportunity. During the 1960s, Indonesia’s policy of confrontation represented a …” „… Indonesia. In the twenty- first century, Singapore’s investment in sophisticated defense hardware guarantees …” „… Singaporean access to Malay-sian fresh water. Across the Malacca Strait, Indonesia represents a similar …”

Preface

„… Intelligence Primer (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2019); Ken Conboy, Intel: Inside Indonesia’s …” „… Contentsvi Contents 8 Indonesia: Intelligence Culture in Turbulent Times 103 by Mark Briskey 9 Japan: The …” „… and groundbreaking books covering countries such as China, Indonesia, Japan, and Pakistan.14 These …”

4 Brunei: A Royal Intelligence Culture S. 43-54

„… , Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait …”

23 Sri Lanka: The Evolution of an Offensive Intelligence Culture S. 309-322

„… , while Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indo-nesia were influenced by the British MI5 and Secret Intelligence …”

22 South Korea: The Outsize Influence of the National Intelligence Service S. 293-308

„… and nuclear matters as well as agreements with Australia, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and …”

13 Malaysia: Between Untenable Intelligence Tradition and Unrealized Reform S. 171-184

„… (konfrontasi) with Indonesia—it was quickly resolved, and much of the intel-ligence focus was on the borders.25 …”

About the Contributors S. 451-458

„… several overseas postings. Briskey was decorated for his work by the Australian and Indonesian governments …” „… management. He has a particular emphasis on the Malaysian and Indonesian security sectors. He has consulted …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538160008

Henning Glaser - Norms, Interests, and Values

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Henning Glaser (ed.)

Norms, Interests, and Values

Series: CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance

Volume 2 2015

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Yon Machmudi The Development of Political Islam in Indonesia S. 237-248

„… , Indonesia’s success in bringing about this consolidation of democracy was not without many challenges. To what …” „… to analyze the dynamics of political Islam in Indonesia from the early days of Indonesian …” „… before Indonesian independence as organizations demanding the freedom of Indonesia from Dutch and …”

Vicente Reyes, Charlene Tan Political Values in Asia, the ASEAN Political Security Community and Confucius’ Philosophy S. 345-370

„… People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan …” „… region admittedly has strong links to Confucianism but these are not unanimous. Indonesia and Malaysia as …” „… members consisting of the representative foreign ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… , Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey as well as …” „… and Pragmatism? Li-ann Thio 197 The Development of Political Islam in Indonesia Yon Machmudi 237 The …”

Henning Glaser Crisis, Conflict and Consensus in the Constitutional Basic Order – An Introduction S. 9-22

„… , Hungary, Italy, Indonesia, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey will be …” „… order. Meanwhile, countries like India and Indonesia (see Machmudi) at least show signs of potentially …” „… major formative force of political ordering (see Machmudi for Indonesia).6 It might be concluded that …”

Li-ann Thio Constitutionalism and Religious Diversity in Singapore: A via media Between Principle and Pragmatism? S. 197-236

„… internal threat of communalism and communism and the external threat of the Indonesian Konfrontasi.6 Added …” „… . 6 The Indonesians and communists alleged that Malaysia (and later Singapore) was a stooge of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247380

Sylvia Yazid - Indonesia's Civil Society in the Age of Democratization

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Sylvia Yazid

Indonesia's Civil Society in the Age of Democratization

Series: Transformation, Development, and Regionalization in Greater Asia

Volume 11 2013

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NGOs in a Democratizing Indonesia S. 17-23

„… , Indonesia’s first law that specifically regulates labor mi- 1 Cf. Munck 2009, Piper 2009. 18 gration,2 and …” „… influenced by the dynamic of its environment, the topic is sited in the context of Indonesia’s changing …” „… scandals. Megawati, the daughter of Indonesia’s first president Soekarno, became president with strong …”

NGOs in New Order Indonesia S. 99-103

„… Indonesia’s civil society for many decades. As in many other places in the world, the initiators of these …” „… civil society, including NGOs, resulted in a shift of the political context in Indonesia. This shift and …” „… requirements of international donor institutions. Their offers to assist Indonesia after the crisis were mostly …”

Development of NGO Activism in Indonesia S. 39-42

„… outside Indonesia. Certainly the changes have significantly affected Indonesian civil society, including …” „… country. 2.2 NGOs in Indonesia There are various ways of defining NGOs and categorizing them. In …” „… Indonesia, as explained by Eldridge, various terminologies have been used, whether based on the size of the …”

Post-New Order, NGOs in Reformasi Indonesia S. 103-106

„… are available for NGO activism? 5.1.2 Post-New Order, NGOs in Reformasi Indonesia The economic …” „… crisis that hit Asian countries, including Indonesia, in 1997 triggered the fall of Soeharto’s regime …” „… organizations; Antlöv described it as “the rising era of civil society in Indonesia”.21 According to Hadiwinata …”

Migration of Indonesian Women to Work Overseas S. 57-63

„… most other countries in Asia, Indonesia’s organized labor migration was triggered by changes in the …” „… 1980s. Ford considers Indonesia’s decision to liberalize its economy in the mid-1980s to have …” „… Indonesia to stop the placement of Indonesian workers in Malaysia19 16 Department of Manpower and …”

Labor Migration of Indonesian Women S. 23-27

„… contributor to Indonesia’s national income, after oil and gas. Table 1.1: Indonesian Workers’ Remittances …” „… presented in the work of Yamanaka and Piper 2005, p. 8, the number of Indonesia’s unskilled female migration …” „… push factors in sending countries like Indonesia are usually the inability of these countries to …”

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur S. 91-94

„… substance of bilateral agreements between Indonesia and receiving countries, the negotiation and …” „… overseas, and a web for migrant workers which provides important information for workers leaving Indonesia …” „… employment in foreign countries is provided by Representative Offices of the Republic of Indonesia in …”

A Change in Indonesian Regulation of Labor Migration S. 147-157

„… development in the management of Indonesia’s labor migration because the parliament and the government finally …” „… Indonesia Migrant Workers Law No. 39/2004 Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Overseas …” „… placement only to destination countries which have MoUs with Indonesia, as specified in the law, which …”

References S. 265-279

„… (May 25, 2004). Komnas Perempuan Desak Masalah PRT masuk MOU Indonesia–Malaysia. In: Jurnal Perempuan …” „… . Beittinger-Lee, Verena (2005). Civil Society in Indonesia-Concepts and Realities. In: Wessel, Ingrid (ed …” „… Migran (2011). Indonesia-Malaysia Sepakati 11 Butir Kesepakatan Penempatan TKI. www.buruhmigran.or.id …”

Background S. 197-204

„… Indonesia and Malaysia on the Recruitment and Placement of Indonesian Domestic Workers.1 Besides …” „… Hiring of Indonesian Maids between Indonesia and Malaysia; • the 1998 MoU, which was then replaced by …” „… economy depends on Indonesian labor. However, it also needs to be considered that Indonesia depends on …”

NGOs’ Activism after the Signing of the MoU S. 220-225

„… , it might help Indonesian NGOs understand the process and Indonesia’s position better, thus helping …” „… . Although she could only be an observer, she considered it as a good chance to assess Indonesia’s diplomatic …” „… moratorium was used to put pressure on Malaysia to accept Indonesia’s demand for negotiating the revision of …”

The Government’s and NGOs’ Views on the MoU S. 213-220

„… one of the weak points in Indonesia’s diplomacy and negotiation with receiving countries. Indonesian …” „… domestically. The NGOs are well aware of Indonesia’s weak bargaining position when it comes to negotiating …” „… overruled by a MoU.79 He claimed that he had to explain to the NGOs that Indonesia’s ability to protect …”

The Process of Making the MoU on Informal Workers: With or Without NGO Involvement? S. 204-213

„… Workers: With or Without NGO Involvement? Indonesia’s Law No. 24/2000 on International Agreements …” „… process of formulating the MoU in which he was involved.31 According to him, Indonesia’s request for this …” „… meetings, Indonesia suggested the need to address the problems faced by Indonesian workers by formulating a …”

Networking S. 169-174

„… Indonesia As discussed in the previous chapter, Indonesia finally adopted a law on the Placement and …” „… law was passed, partly to see whether the fact that Indonesia now has a law on migrant workers has …” „… activities are the NGOs’ responses to changes brought by the reform and democratization in Indonesia …”

Taking up the Issue and Organizing Themselves S. 106-110

„… Ulama, and the Organization of Indonesian Catholic Women (Wanita Katolik Republik Indonesia …” „… changes that have occurred in Indonesia during the Reformasi Era in relation to the activism of NGOs. As …” „… Taking up the Issue and Organizing Themselves In Indonesia, NGOs began to adopt the subject of labor …”

Pre-Recruitment S. 63-66

„… women from rural areas to work as domestic workers in Indonesia’s urban areas. 28 As a comparison, in …” „… 63 tribute to the increased significance of the flow of women out of Indonesia to work as domestic …” „… occurred in Indonesia at the end of the 1990s – the end of the New Order Era and the financial crisis …”

Structure of the Book S. 33-36

„… in Indonesia. The first part of the chapter briefly compares the roles and positions of Indonesian …” „… domestic policy: Indonesia’s first law on migrant workers, Law No. 39/2004 on the Placement and Protection …” „… determine how the NGOs continue their work in the new context of Indonesia’s labor migration system …”

Networking S. 227-235

„… within Indonesia’s national borders, this chapter examines Indonesian NGOs’ work overseas on this issue …” „… consolidation between Indonesian NGOs and better coordination and relations between NGOs in Indonesia and …” „… activities of the NGOs since Indonesia signed MoUs with Malaysia both on workers in formal (2004) and …”

Glossary of Terms S. 13-16

„… Kerja Indonesia, Indonesian Workers Service Companies’ Association ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian …” „… Indonesia, National Authority for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Overseas Workers Buruh migran …” „… Kopbumi Konsorsium Pembela Buruh Migran Indonesia, The Consortium for the Defense of Indonesian Migrant …”

Summary of the Chapters S. 245-248

„… Indonesian NGOs on the issue of women migrant workers, particularly since Reformasi occurred in Indonesia in …” „… workers, including Indonesia’s. Accepting their argument that the policies do not provide enough …” „… passed Indonesia’s first law on labor migration, Law No. 39/2004 on the Placement and Protection of …”

NGOs’ Activism after the Law Was Passed S. 161-167

„… review also highlighted the complex nature of Indonesia’s labor migration. The law set minimum age and …” „… most of the articles above contradicted Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 27 on the …” „… parliament from PKB, Hidayah repeatedly put emphasis on how difficult it is for Indonesia’s delegation to …”

Conclusion S. 260-264

„… measurable proofs to a claim that the recent changes in Indonesia’s government policies on migrant workers …” „… , such as the passing of Indonesia’s first law on labor migration and the signing of MoUs with receiving …” „… involves negotiations and adjustments on both sides. With Indonesia’s current stage of democratization the …”

NGOs and the Policy-Making Process S. 43-45

„… Indonesian Workers Overseas, and the 2006 MoU between the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia. For the …” „… Indonesian government policies requires an examination of how policies are made in Indonesia and who are the …” „… is negotiated in a democratizing Indonesia. With the changes brought by the Reformasi, Indonesian …”

Responding to Democratization S. 248-254

„… among Indonesia’s political parties, a number of parties, particularly PDI-P and PKB, have shown their …” „… further progress in Indonesia’s democratization process. The NGOs have also tried to improve their …” „… that the NGOs had to respond to was Indonesia’s decentralization policy which transferred considerable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Indonesia 103 5.2 Indonesian NGOs and the Issue of Women Migrant Workers 106 5.2.1 Taking up the Issue and …” „… Perempuan and Migrant CARE 111 5.3 Conclusion 128 6. Influencing Domestic Policy 130 6.1 Making Indonesia’s …” „… NGO-Responses on the Issue of Labor MigrationIndonesia’s Civil Society in the Age of …”

Labor Migration in Asia S. 37-39

„… on the NGOs’ efforts to influence government policies on labor migration in Indonesia as a sending …” „… Indonesia, particularly looking at the development of NGO activism in this country and the NGOs …” „… migration policies within a democratizing sending country like Indonesia. As stated earlier in the …”

NGOs and the Issue of Migrant Workers S. 45-47

„… their rights during the process of working abroad.32 As for Indonesia, there is still ample room for …” „… Indonesia as a sending country. Works on NGOs and labor migration can be categorized based on the area or …” „… Yamanaka and Piper have discussed the Philippines, the focus of this book is Indonesia. It highlights the …”

The Rise of Labor Migration within the Region S. 55-57

„… countries in Asia, Indonesia’s organized labor migration was triggered by changes in the 1980s. Ford …” „… considers Indonesia’s decision to liberalize its economy in the mid-1980s to have significantly affected …” „… . Detailed discussion of the problems faced by women migrant workers, including those from Indonesia, can be …”

Responding to Globalization S. 254-257

„… the argument that the passing of such a law will give legitimacy for Indonesia’s demand that the …” „… receiving countries protect its domestic workers. To date, Indonesia’s requests for minimum wage and rest …” „… migrant workers. This recent development signifies the urgency of close cooperation between Indonesia’s …”

Putting the Issue of Migrant Workers on the Policy Agenda S. 130-135

„… to secure a significant role in Indonesia’s policy process, these chapters assess the ability of NGOs …” „… have made to influence the process. This chapter focuses on Indonesia’s first law on migrant workers …” „… Department of Manpower and Transmigration3 6.1 Making Indonesia’s First Law on Migrant Workers 6.1.1 …”

UN Bodies S. 237-240

„… certain protocols prevent the ILO from meddling in Indonesia’s policy process. However, the NGOs can …” „… only regional organization in which both sending and receiving countries, particularly Indonesia and …” „… . The cooperation between the government of Indonesia and the ILO is confirmed by the explanation given …”

Government Involvement in the Migration Process S. 80-84

„… Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Overseas and the 2006 MoU between Indonesia and Malaysia …” „… Indonesia has not always been involved in the migration of its citizens to work abroad. As observed by Hugo …” „… from Indonesia.3 Other authors, however, argue that the government only began to get involved in the …”

Recruitment S. 66-67

„… recruitment or labor agencies, also known as Perusahaan Jasa Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (PJTKI) or Pelaksana …” „… Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS). These recruiters usually receive commission from labor …” „… that there were at least four hundred licensed labor agencies in Indonesia, not including those …”

NGOs’ Criticisms of the Bill S. 157-161

„… is still an issue. Regarding this, Tina Suprihatin said that Indonesia should take as a model the …” „… Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesia Overseas Workers; Ministerial Regulation No. PER-19 …” „… while they are in Indonesia, during recruitment and when they re-enter Indonesia after their employment …”

Conclusion S. 52-54

„… . 38-39. 53 sia. By concentrating on Indonesia, it intends to augment the limited number of works on …” „… negotiated in a democratizing Indonesia. With the opportunities brought by the Reformasi in Indonesia, there …” „… . Most literature on Indonesia post-New Order has praised NGOs as one of the driving forces of reform and …”

Introduction to Solidaritas Perempuan and Migrant CARE S. 111-128

„… a general description of how they operate within Indonesia’s changing context. 5.2.3 Introduction …” „… , protecting, and fulfilling the rights of migrant workers; (6) strengthening Indonesia’s bargaining power with …” „… . Migrant CARE As an organization, Perhimpunan Indonesia untuk Buruh Migran Berdaulat or Indonesian …”

Non-Cooperative Relations with Labor Agencies and SBMI S. 185-187

„… Agencies and SBMI Among the stakeholders of labor migration from Indonesia there are two significant …” „… . Migrant workers have tried to organize themselves, whether in Indonesia or in the receiving countries, in …” „… migrant worker unions in Indonesia or abroad could not yet be considered as unions because they still …”

The Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration S. 84-89

„… setting up protection mechanisms.22 Indonesia’s relationship with receiving countries has also been a …” „… from Indonesia mainly rests with the MoMT, the complexity of the issue has required involvement of …” „… the actual spending for each year. 16 Departemen Keuangan Republik Indonesia 2010. 86 grams.17 It is …”

Working with Religious Organizations S. 184-185

„… environment which allows views different from that of the state to grow.78 In Indonesia, religious bodies have …” „… Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), one of the main Moslem organizations in Indonesia and also in the involvement of …” „… organizations such as Muslimat and Wanita Katolik Republik Indonesia in GPPBM. The move to collaborate with …”

Democratization, Globalization, and NGOs’ Transnational Activism S. 47-52

„… Indonesia’s case, although initially Indonesians migrated to work in the Middle East and many are still …” „… Indonesia.40 Ford has also listed some important decrees and regulations.41 It is her view that Indonesian …” „… borders and to emphasize the wide scope of labor migration, which, in Indonesia’s case, can reach areas …”

Carving out an Influential Role S. 257-260

„… to carve out a distinctive role within Indonesia’s labor migration system, this research highlights …” „… view. The more democratic environment in Indonesia’s Reform Era has allowed greater opportunities for …” „… not possible to present measurable proofs to a claim that the recent changes in Indonesia’s government …”

The State and the Management of Labor Migration S. 27-29

„… government were still in the process of revising Indonesia’s first law on labor migration. However, it was …” „… management of labor migration in Indonesia. 1.3.1 The State and the Management of Labor Migration One of …” „… undocumented migrant workers. These workers entered Indonesia through Nunukan, a border town in East Kalimantan …”

Employing Existing International Instruments S. 240-242

„… expatriates in Indonesia, who are already well off.51 On September 22, 2004, the Indonesian government …” „… Employing Existing International Instruments In terms of complying with international agreements, Indonesia …” „… Racial Discrimination (CEAFRD). However, Indonesia has yet to ratify the ICRMW, which could be considered …”

Learning from the Philippines S. 110-111

„… the two NGOs researched and give a general description of how they operate within Indonesia’s changing …” „… Act (RA 8042).59 As for Indonesia, it only became a signatory in 2004 and ratified the convention in …” „… associations, while in Indonesia, a struggle for independence was followed by a strong state, which …”

Pre-Departure S. 67-72

„… accommodated at the shelter in Indonesia’s Embassy in Kuala Lumpur in 2007, many of them only knew the first …” „… required for migrating to work overseas from Indonesia are passport, working visa, fiscal waiver,61 tickets …” „… . ibid., p. 25. 61 Since 2011, this document is no longer needed because the government of Indonesia …”

Regional and International Instruments S. 29-31

„… process of revising Indonesia’s first law on labor migration. However, it was the view of migrant workers …” „… and translate its principles into national laws on labor migration. Until 2004, when Indonesia passed …” „… . 45 Cf. Piper and Iredale 2003, p. 5. 46 Cf. ibid., p. 16. Although Indonesia has ratified the ICRMW …”

Labor Unions and Migrant Workers’ Organizations S. 31-33

„… society organizations, including NGOs, one of which in Indonesia’s case was the first civil society …” „… Confederation of All Indonesian Trade Unions or Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (KSPSI), which …” „… further legitimacy for NGO activism on the issue, which in Indonesia began in the 1990s with activities …”

ASEAN S. 235-237

„… urging the government of Indonesia to build coalitions with other sending countries and create bilateral …” „… this as a tool for Indonesia to push receiving countries in ASEAN, particularly Malaysia. Although she …” „… countries, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, are members, has made it the most rational channel for the …”

Working with Ex-NGO Members in Other Institutions S. 182-184

„… and mechanisms and could contribute to the migrant workers’ movement in Indonesia so that it could …” „… from that of the state to grow.78 In Indonesia, religious bodies have become more involved in public …” „… the main Moslem organizations in Indonesia and also in the involvement of organizations such as …”

Conclusion S. 128-129

„… Indonesia’s migration system. Thus, the examination will be continued in the next part, which is divided into …” „… before and after 1998, a historical transition point for Indonesia as a nation when the New Order Era …” „… Indonesia. Chapter 6 examines the involvement of these NGOs in the making of a domestic policy concerning …”

Arrival S. 72-73

„… culture and language to Indonesia. Hence, it is assumed that it will be easier for Indonesian women …” „… transit process from Indonesia to Malaysia is also loaded with problems. As mentioned before, after being …” „… proclaimed healthy in Indonesia, received the opposite result in the destination countries, indicating …”

Conclusion S. 243-244

„… networks and forums has not resulted in significant influence in Indonesia.60 She said that the benefit was …” „… the MoU between Indonesia and Malaysia, the fact that it took Indonesia quite a while to ratify the …” „… implementation is still questionable, in the meeting with the CEDAW committee, the Indonesian government …”

Conclusion S. 167-168

„… Indonesia’s first law on migrant workers, all involved stakeholders, including the government, the parliament …” „… , the MoU between Indonesia and Malaysia, which was conducted in a slightly different context and …” „… since the law was passed, putting it within the context of democratization in Indonesia. …”

Learning and Self-Evaluating S. 242-243

„… regional and international networks and forums has not resulted in significant influence in Indonesia.60 …” „… ’ disappointment with the content of the MoU between Indonesia and Malaysia, the fact that it took Indonesia quite …” „… 242 gional and international pressures to influence Indonesian domestic policies and rarely …”

Involvement of NGOs in the Law-Making Process S. 140-147

„… months before the deliberation process for a law on migrant workers. Thus, given Indonesia’s notorious …” „… No. 39/2004 is a significant development in the management of Indonesia’s labor migration because the …” „… has occurred in the legislative process in Indonesia. During the New Order, law-making was exclusive …”

Cooperation with State Institutions S. 174-182

„… migrant workers. Responding to Indonesia’s decentralization of power to the local level since 2000, NGOs …” „… democratizing Indonesia. Safitri did not want to use the term “lobbying” to describe SP’s interaction with the …” „… focusing on women workers, covering those working both inside and outside Indonesia. Safruddin Setiabudi …”

„… unofficial fees for the service they are providing. Since 1998, Indonesia’s House of Representatives, the …” „… transit and origin areas of migrant workers. Moreover, with the launching of Indonesia’s decentralization …” „… Indonesia. For their travel, migrant workers are assisted by transport providers which are regulated by the …”

Use of the Media to Influence Policy S. 188-190

„… Influence Policy One of the features of democratizing Indonesia is freedom of the press. The more open …” „… responses to the crisis, focusing on the relationship between central and regional governments in Indonesia …” „… of a democratization process occurring in Indonesia, with the two entities which tended to be …”

Returning S. 76-79

„… enter Indonesia through any arrival terminals with other passengers. Cf. Tempo Interaktif, January 26 …” „… Indonesia. In most cases, problems at home eventually lead to bigger problems during employment abroad …” „… by the government of Indonesia to address these problems. …”

Conclusion S. 79

„… acknowledged that 80 percent of the problems occur even before the migrant workers leave Indonesia. In most …” „… government of Indonesia to address these problems. …” „… 79 3.3 Conclusion Large scale migration of Indonesian men and women to seek employment abroad …”

Departure/Transit S. 72

„… transit process from Indonesia to Malaysia is also loaded with problems. As mentioned before, after being …” „… proclaimed healthy in Indonesia, received the opposite result in the destination countries, indicating …” „… is that, after being prepared by Indonesian labor agencies, prospective migrant workers are selected …”

NGOs’ Relationships with Other Actors S. 42-43

„… Indonesia, a part of this book examines the efforts made by Indonesian NGOs in shaping their political space …” „… management of labor migration in Indonesia. Analyses of the context in which NGOs operate and interact with …” „… the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development (INFID) as an example of network-building …”

Conclusion S. 225-226

„… their limitation as local NGOs, which cannot operate beyond Indonesia’s territory, had pushed them to …” „… workers, as instanced by the 2006 MoU between Indonesia and Malaysia on the Recruitment and Placement of …” „… committee established by both countries; • Direct recruitment has to be done in accordance with Indonesian …”

Working at the Local/Grassroots Level S. 187-188

„… . 7.3 Use of the Media to Influence Policy One of the features of democratizing Indonesia is freedom of …” „… regional governments in Indonesia. See Ford 2006a. 96 Interview with Puspasari, Riana on December 11, 2008. …” „… and Indonesian government’s responses to the crisis, focusing on the relationship between central and …”

Employment S. 73-76

„… proximity to home and the similar culture and language to Indonesia. Hence, it is assumed that it will be …” „… to report harassment and abuse are immediately sent back to Indonesia, some without receiving their …” „… . Unfortunately, this is not always the case for Indonesian women migrant workers. Generally, semi- or unskilled …”

Learning and Self-Evaluating S. 190-195

„… democratization process occurring in Indonesia, with the two entities which tended to be silenced during the New …” „… between the governments of Indonesia and Singapore. 118 Interview with Susilo, Wahyu on November 7, 2008 …” „… the publicity the government – Indonesian representatives overseas and particularly her office – would …”

Legislative Process S. 135-140

„… Indonesia’s legislative system, law-making involves the DPR as the legislative branch and the government as …” „… Ziegenhain analyzed the changes and continuities in Indonesia’s parliament during the transition period …” „… for comparison. The initiative for the law on Indonesian workers overseas came from the parliament. A …”

The Ministry of Social Affairs S. 95-96

„… Indonesia. For their travel, migrant workers are assisted by transport providers which are regulated by the …” „… came quite late, considering that Indonesian women have migrated to work abroad since the 1970s, and …” „… address the issue of Indonesian migrant workers. 4.2.5 The Ministry of Social Affairs As reflected by …”

The State Ministry of Women’s Empowerment S. 94-95

„… Interview with Setiabudi, Safruddin on June 19, 2007. 55 In the last cabinet, Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II …” „… 94 needed by Indonesian citizens. One factor that determined the above improvements was the …” „… implementation of a corporate culture at the embassy, which entails taking the side (berpihak) of Indonesian …”

The BNP2TKI S. 89-91

„… Indonesia and receiving countries, the negotiation and establishment of agreements are handled by the MoFA …” „… 89 form Policy of Placement and Protection System of Indonesian Workers Overseas, mandated the …” „… authority over the Office of Indonesian Workers Overseas Placement and Protection Service or Balai Pelayanan …”

List of Figures and Tables S. 11-12

„… 11 List of Figures and Tables FIGURES Figure 3.1 Stages of Working in Malaysia for Indonesian …” „… Decision-making Mechanism at the Community Level (2004-2007) 116 TABLES Table 1.1 Indonesian Workers …” „… ’ Remittances 25 Table 3.1 Placement of Indonesian Workers Overseas (1994-2012) 58 Table 3.2 Placement of …”

Conclusion S. 98

„… government’s policies and efforts to regulate and manage Indonesian labor migration and to improve the labor …” „… at reform. This chapter has shown that the Indonesian government’s policies and actions on the issue …” „… pressures require the government to continue facilitating the sending of Indonesians to work abroad and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249087

Detlef Czybulka - Marine Nature Conservation and Management at the borders of the European Union

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Detlef Czybulka (ed.)

Marine Nature Conservation and Management at the borders of the European Union

Series: Beiträge zum Landwirtschaftsrecht und zur Biodiversität

Volume 7 2012

Results in this title

CLAUDIA WEICHEL-PASTEWSKI Specifics of existing approaches to marine resource management in Indonesia and the link to regional sustainable development S. 159-168

„… exist in the Indonesian coastal waters.21 However, the marine biodiversity of Indonesia’s waters is …” „… Indonesian mangrove forests cover a total of 4.2 million ha. Indonesia, therefore, possesses 76 % of the …” „… are the penaeid shrimps.19 Seagrass beds also cover a very wide area of Indonesia’s coastal waters …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… management in Indonesia and the link to regional sustainable development 159 Notes on Contributors 169 …”

DETLEF CZYBULKA Legal reflections on pressing marine nature conservation issues and sustainable management at the borders of the European Union S. 13-22

„… existing traditional approaches to marine resource management in Indonesia (Claudia Weichel-Pastewski, p …” „… the Indonesian Seas. Some of these regions are ‘neglected regions.’ Also looked at is the ‘external …”

Notes on Contributors S. 169-172

„… Czybulka, University of Rostock. Previously she worked for the German-Indonesian Chamber of Industry and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845237060

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