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Mark Ortmann - Kostenvergleich von Altersvorsorgeprodukten

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Mark Ortmann

Kostenvergleich von Altersvorsorgeprodukten

Series: Versicherungswissenschaftliche Studien

Volume 37 2010

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Reduction in Yield S. 173-175

„… 173 2.4 Reduction in Yield In Großbritannien sind Versicherer aufsichtsrechtlich verpflichtet …” „… , die sogenannte Reduction in Yield anzugeben.407 Danach muss ein Lebensversicherer in der …” „… Reduction in Yield bezeichnet. In britischen Angeboten findet sich daher ein Satz wie „Gebühren werden die …”

Entwicklung einer Kostenkennzahl S. 178-217

„… : 8,74% p.a. Erwartete Reduction in Yield (ERY): 0,26% p.a. Die Kosten bei dieser Anlageart erscheinen …” „… 40.559,11 € Erwartete Rendite nach Kosten: 4,78% p.a. Erwartete Reduction in Yield (ERY): 0,22% p.a. 182 …” „… Kosten: 5,48% p.a. Erwartete Reduction in Yield (ERY): 3,52% p.a. Bei Betrachtung der erwarteten …”

Renditeeffekt (GDV) S. 172-173

„… Reduction in Yield In Großbritannien sind Versicherer aufsichtsrechtlich verpflichtet, die sogenannte …” „… Reduction in Yield anzugeben.407 Danach muss ein Lebensversicherer in der Produktinformation angeben, dass …” „… erwarteten Bruttorendite und der erwarteten Nettorendite nach Abzug aller Kosten wird als Reduction in Yield …”

Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen S. 225-232

„… für einen Vergleich mit anderen Altersvorsorgeprodukten eignet. - Reduction in Yield (RIY): Diese …” „… mathematischen Beratungsunternehmen berechnet werden. - Erwartete Reduction in Yield (ERY): Wegen der …” „… Unzulänglichkeiten der bestehenden Kennzahlen wurde eine neue Kennzahl entwickelt. Die Erwartete Reduction in Yield …”

Erwartete Stochastische Total Expense Ratio S. 175-177

„… 175 2.5 Erwartete Stochastische Total Expense Ratio Ein Schwachpunkt der beschriebenen Reduction …” „… impliziten, pfadabhängigen412 Garantieerzeugungskosten können von der Reduction in Yield nicht erfasst werden …”

Erforderliche Maßnahmen des Gesetzgebers S. 217-224

„… angegeben. Damit handelt es sich um explizite Kosten, die in die Erwartete Reduction in Yield einfließen. Da …” „… umfassende Kostenkennzahl, wie die Erwartete Reduction in Yield (ERY), und damit ein funktionierender Markt …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… Reduction in Yield 173 2.5 Erwartete Stochastische Total Expense Ratio 175 3. Herstellung von …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845221649

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Hans-Gerd Ridder

Case Study Research

2020

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11. Reduction and Abstraction ofData S. 189-212

„… 11. Reduction and Abstraction of Data After collecting data from interviews, observations, and …” „… “quasi-deduc- 190 11. Reduction and Abstraction of Data tive” by first starting with a framework deduced …” „… of what is happening in the case. I outline this reduction and abstraction of data in the following …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ................................................................................................................. 184 11. Reduction and Abstraction of Data …”

10. Data Collection S. 163-188

„… : Design and methods (6th ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 11. Reduction and …”

doi.org/10.978.395710/3635

Reza Nemetzade - Die wirtschaftliche Dynamik in Nahost und Nordafrika

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Reza Nemetzade

Die wirtschaftliche Dynamik in Nahost und Nordafrika

2008

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Die Poverty Reduction Strategy S. 109-114

„… Reduction and Growth Facility des IWF erhielt, welche als Instrument für besonders schwache Länder …” „… ist Nehmer des oben aufgeführten PRGF-Programms.2155.1.1 Die Poverty Reduction Strategy Um sich für …” „… of Yemen, [Poverty, 2002], Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2003-2005, Sana’a Yemen May 2002, S. 3 …”

Eine Beurteilung der Poverty Reduction Strategy S. 114-115

„… Reduction Strategy Mit einer Bewertung in Form eines Joint Staff Assessment antworteten die IFIs schließlich …” „… . Republic of Yemen, [Poverty, 2002], Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2003-2005, Sana’a Yemen May 2002, S …” „… . 54ff. 221 Vgl. IMF/ IDA, [Staff, 2002], Joint Staff Assessment of the Poverty Reduction Strategy …”

Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen S. 11-14

„… Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper IRIPBO Islamic Republic of Iran Plan and Budget OrganizationIT …” „… Project Performance Assessment Report PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-7

„… Die Poverty Reduction Strategy 112 5.1.2 Eine Beurteilung der Poverty Reduction Strategy 114 5.2 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 225-252

„… ], Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2003-2005, Sanaa Yemen May 2002. Robalino, David A., [Pensions, 2005 …” „… Poverty Reduction, Health and Education. A Country Assistance Evaluation, World Bank Operations Evaluation …” „… , Washington D.C. 2004, S. 72-92. Republic of Yemen, [Poverty, 2000], The Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy …”

Geleitwort S. 15-18

„… erfolgreich waren. Dies gilt auch für die einigermaßen positiv bewertete Poverty Reduction Strategy des IWF …”

Armutsbekämpfung und soziale Standards S. 103-106

„… Poverty Reduction, Health and Education. A Country Assistance Evaluation, World Bank Operations Evaluation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207629

Reiner Schulze - Common European Sales Law (CESL)

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Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Common European Sales Law (CESL)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2012

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Article 163 Reduction of loss S. 686-688

„… application of art 162 results in a reduction in the amount of damages. The court has to apportion the damages …” „… its effects. Article 163 Reduction of loss 1. The debtor is not liable for loss suffered by the …”

Article 120 Right to reduce price S. 563-565

„… Price reduction Article 120 Right to reduce price 1. A buyer who accepts a performance not conforming to …” „… the contract may reduce the price. The reduction is to be proportionate to the decrease in the value …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I. Price reduction as the competence of the buyer …”

Article 119 Loss of right to terminate S. 561-563

„… ]), and therefore cannot be regarded as the case of the entire non-performance. Section 6 Price reduction …” „… reduce the price. The reduction is to be proportionate to the decrease in the value of what was received …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I. Price reduction as the competence of the buyer …”

Article 109 Cure by the seller S. 532-540

„… non-performance, in particular the termination of the contract and price reduction. The CESL (P) provides the …” „… same rule should apply also to the price reduction in the meaning of art 120(1). The effects of the …” „… exercise of the right to price reduction cannot emerge within the time left for the cure. Therefore, this …”

Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance S. 670-672

„… save by not having to perform. The facts necessary for the reduction of the price must be proven by the …” „… reduction of the price can also apply if there was no separate price for the sold goods or digital content …” „… calculated and from the starting point for the reduction in the meaning of art 155. Paragraph 3 determines …”

Article 160 General measure of damages S. 676-682

„… foreseeability (art 161) and other principles (contribution of the creditor under art 162, reduction of loss …” „… ‘economic loss’ includes loss of income or profit, burdens incurred and a reduction in the value of property …” „… supposed to change. In general, economic loss refers to a reduction in the value of the creditor’s property …”

Article 106 Overview of buyer’s remedies S. 527-529

„… performance from the seller, withholding performance, termination of the contract, price reduction and …” „… (cf arts 164 and 165). Furthermore, price reduction is inconsistent with the right to termination. Art …” „… reduction may be combined with damages, but all, that has been compensated by the price reduction, must be …”

Article 162 Loss attributable to creditor S. 684-686

„… for the non-performance, increased the loss.2 The effect of art 162 is a reduction in damages. B …” „… appliance on, and damaged it.4 III. Legal consequence The application of art 162 results in a reduction in …” „… must prove that the creditor contributed to the non-performance or its effects. Article 163 Reduction …”

Article 107 Limitation of remedies for digital content not supplied in exchange for a price S. 529-531

„… , price reduction is inconsistent with the right to termination. Art 8(2) contains another rule governing …” „… damages which has become due prior to the non-performance. The price reduction may be combined with …” „… damages, but all, that has been compensated by the price reduction, must be deducted from the amount of …”

Article 112 Return of replaced item S. 548-551

„… effect after the lapse of the period for the cure (with respect to price reduction cf art 109 nos 14, 27 …” „… claim damages for diminished value or declare the price reduction concerning the value that could not be …” „… non-performance, such as damages or even price reduction, which would mean reducing of the number of goods that …”

Article 159 Right to damages S. 672-676

„… pre-contractual) duty, only arts III.–3:704 (Loss attributable to creditor) and III.–3:705 DCFR (Reduction of loss …” „… underlying its provision, without recourse to national law. However, although a reduction in the agreed …” „… remedies of repair and replacement, price reduction and termination mandatory, but leaves the remedy of …”

Article 110 Requiring performance of seller’s obligations S. 540-544

„… not mention price reduction as an available remedy, the application for this remedy must not be …” „… reduction instead of claiming damages (with this same economical result). Section 3 Requiring performance …” „… consumer cases, to assess whether the remedies of damages or price reduction (which are not in a hierarchy …”

Appendix 2 Model withdrawal form S. 784-786

„… ) repaired. 4) Ask for a price reduction. 5) You can cancel the contract, return the product and get a refund …” „… you get the related service supplied correctly, 3) requesting a price reduction or 4) claiming damages …”

Article 111 Consumer’s choice between repair and replacement S. 544-548

„… reduction (which are not in a hierarchy and the consumer has a free choice between them) are not more …” „… effect after the lapse of the period for the cure (with respect to price reduction cf art 109 nos 14, 27 …” „… claim damages for diminished value or declare the price reduction concerning the value that could not be …”

ANNEX II STANDARD INFORMATION NOTICE Standard Information Notice S. 786-788

„… ) having the product delivered 2) replaced or 3) repaired. 4) Ask for a price reduction. 5) You can cancel …” „… correctly, 3) requesting a price reduction or 4) claiming damages. 5) You can also cancel the contract and …”

Article 147 Application of certain general rules on sales contracts Zoll/Watson S. 653-655

„… effects of different remedies. It does not answer the question whether the price reduction concerning the …” „… the services. The question must also be answered of whether the reduction of the obligations of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 119 524 Section 6 Price reduction Right to reduce price …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 162 647 Reduction of loss …”

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum S. 788-817

„… – non-economic loss 160 6 et seq – obligation to prevent 149 1 et seqq – price reduction 120 6 – reliance …” „… – reasonable price 73 10, 74 10 et seq – reduction of 120 1 et seqq – related service contract 153 1 et seqq …” „… – right to withhold performance 113 5 et seqq – usually charged 73 9, 74 9 price reduction 120 1 et …”

Article 161 Foreseeability of loss S. 682-684

„… (P) would cause a reduction in the level of consumer protection. This will certainly not contribute …”

Introduction to arts 13–29 Howells/Watson S. 162-164

„… to a reduction in the information the consumer has about the transaction, the product and the seller …”

Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance S. 433-445

„… conformity with the contract. Only in this latter case may the remedy of the price reduction be applied. III …” „… some reservations) price reduction, which are purely contractual remedies. The remedy of the right of …”

Article 9 Mixed-purpose contracts Schulte-Nölke S. 147-151

„… enforcing performance, withholding (counter-) performance, repair and replacement, reduction of price …”

Article 176 Equitable modification S. 751-756

„… ) It is not entirely clear what is meant by the expression ‘modified’. Certainly, the reduction of an …”

Article 132 Requiring performance of buyer’s obligations S. 614-619

„… so could result in a deduction on a damages award in accordance with art 163 (reduction of loss). VII …”

Article 55 Damages for loss S. 330-334

„… 17). In particular, art 162 on loss attributable to the creditor and art 163 on reduction of loss …”

Article 12 Unilateral statements or conduct S. 157-162

„… of such sales modes should not lead to a reduction in the information the consumer has about the …”

Article 166 Interest on late payments S. 692-698

„… , as a consequence of the reduction, the seller must pay back the excess payment and delays in doing so …”

Article 102 Third party rights or claims S. 516-523

„… may be found for such reduction. Rather the Roman law argumentum lege non dinstinguente applies. 1. 2 …”

Article 88 Excused non-performance S. 445-452

„… 161), loss attributable to the creditor (art 162), reduction of loss (art 163), are applicable. Arts …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265469

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Stephen Eide

Homelessness in America

2022

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5. Harm Reduction and Ending Homelessness S. 49-64

„… 495Harm Reduction and Ending HomelessnessThe homeless population, a subset of the poor population …” „… improvement districts. Harm Reduction and Ending Homelessness 51Reliance on charities is and has always been …” „… “break the cycle of homelessness,” for many, work Harm Reduction and Ending Homelessness 53was critical …”

7. Homelessness and Social Integration S. 77-92

„… harm reduction reflects a deep pessimism in government’s powers, social integration reflects a buoyant …” „… . Governments regularly claim victory for homelessness reductions of less than 5 to 10 percent. Whenever trying …” „… on their belief in harm reduction and housing as a human right. If peers with lived experience are …”

11. Housing, Housing, Housing S. 131-148

„… to say that any subsidy-induced reduction will be only temporary and fade into a neutral effect over …” „… , or from a high-crime neighborhood to a low-crime one, experience a reduction of stress in their lives …” „… universal: finding willing landlords, finding units outside troubled neighborhoods, and avoiding reductions …”

3. The Skid Row Era: Great Depression to 1970s S. 19-36

„… declining since 1955, the rate of reduction, before Medic-aid’s passage, had been only a couple percentage …” „… points a year. After Medicaid’s passage, the annual rate of reduction picked up and had hit double digits …” „… .101 In light of the extraordinary magnitude of the 1970s-era patient census reductions, it is thus …”

1. “Homelessness”: An Elusive Concept S. 1-8

„… home-lessness. Major cities have not even seen much of a reduction. During the 2010s, homelessness rose 30 …” „… families back into society, and to minimize harm. Harm reduction, compassion, and integration: these ideas …”

4. The Modern Era: 1980 to Present S. 37-48

„… purposes of partisan debate, the more important number is the reduction in budget authority, because it …” „… will devote a chapter each to these three ideas of harm reduction, compassion, and social integration. …”

Preface

„… : 1980 to Present 37 5 Harm Reduction and Ending Homelessness 49 6 Compassion, Con and Pro 65 7 …”

10. Police Work and Social Work S. 117-130

„… street. A reduction in low-level enforcement in New York City over the last decade did not contribute to …” „… any meaningful reduction in single adult homelessness.12 (Not that the preceding era’s increase in …”

Index S. 237-244

„… , 141home mortgage tax deduction, 134Hard Times, 20“Hard Travelin’,” 12, 32harm reduction, 7, 47, 53, 55 …”

8. All Our Kin: The Challenge of Homeless Families S. 93-104

„… net reduction in government spending, it did enact the only restructuring of a major federal safety …”

9. You Can’t Catch Schizophrenia from the Streets S. 105-116

„… . Of that total reduction, about 45 percent, a drop of about 230,000 patients, happened in the 1970s.5 …”

Notes S. 153-204

„… , https://nlihc.org/resource/president-biden-signs-american-rescue-plan -act-nearly-50-billion-housing-and-homelessness.Chapter 5. Harm Reduction and Ending Homelessness1 …” „… First, Consumer Choice, and Harm Reduction for Homeless Individuals with a Dual Diagnosis,” American …”

Bibliography S. 205-236

„… . “Housing First, Consumer Choice, and Harm Reduction for Homeless Individuals with a Dual Diagnosis …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538159583

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