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Alexander Proelß - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

Results in this title

. Protection of human life S. 1029-1036

„… Protection of human life With respect to activities in the Area, necessary measures shall be taken to ensure …” „… effective protection of human life. To this end the Authority shall adopt appropriate rules, regulations and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. Protection of human life …”

. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution S. 321-325

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS)12, provides as follows: ‘Each Contracting …” „… position at the IMO’s meeting in Kuala Lumpur in 2006. 12 International Convention for the Safety of Life …” „… costs in maintaining standard aids, such as lighthouses, buoys and life-saving services. 16 See further …”

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

„… rightly described as the first milestone in the life of the Authority and their significance cannot be …” „… 144 and the protection of the marine environment, and will accept verification by the Authority of …” „… protection of the marine environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5. Other obligations on …”

. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1296-1316

„… protection of ‘living resources and marine life’ is already envisaged in the definition of pollution of the …” „… endangered species and other forms of marine life. 57 This is treated as a problem by Sands (note 2), 239. 58 …” „… (AWZ), ZUR 14 (2003), 329–337; Detlef Czybulka, The Convention on the Protection of the Marine …”

. Protection of the marine environment S. 1008-1029

„… ‘protection and conservation of the living resources of the sea’, but also the safety of life and property …” „… marine science and technology and the protection and preservation of the marine environment.’48 This …” „… mankind as a whole.49 Article 145 Protection of the marine environment Necessary measures shall be taken …”

Index S. 2554-2619

„… governing the Area – protection of human life 146 1 et seq., see also there – protection of marine …” „… . – protection and conservation of the Area’s natural resources 145 30 et seq. – protection of human life 146 11 …” „… . Authority’s regulations issued regarding protection of human life 146 17 et seq. Index bold = Article, light …”

. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources S. 1288-1296

„… .79 The report of the informal meetings on protection and preservation of the marine environment of …” „… 1 (1)(4), includes ‘the concept of marine life’.80 The marine environment was defined by the Malta …” „… refers to pollution but also includes the protection and preservation of the marine environment as such …”

. General obligation S. 1278-1288

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART XII PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT …” „… Königreich), EurUP 1/2016, 58–73; Detlef Czybulka, The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment …” „… Protection of the Marine Environment by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, GIELR 7 …”

. Cooperation on a global or regional basis S. 1329-1334

„… international obligations ‘concerning the protection and preservation of the marine environment’, not to …” „… , Economic and Legal Imperatives (2007), 440. 45 Object of protection is actually the biodiversity as such …” „… Nordostatlantiks (2004), 55 et seq. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 197 1328 …”

. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species S. 1320-1329

„… for Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 196 1 1320 Czybulka Reemers …” „… ’; but this would not have the same reach and depth of protection than Art. 196 cl. 2 has. Here, to …” „… […] on Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment regarding the introduction of new species …”

. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation S. 1564-1567

„… interests of coastal States regarding the protection and preservation of the marine environment under Part …” „… XII.1 3 The protection and preservation of the marine environment in these straits should also be of …” „… high seas where all States enjoyed the freedom of navigation ( Art. 87). The result was the protection …”

. Creation of favourable conditions S. 1637-1640

„… Significance of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the …” „… for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, 16 February 1976, ILM 15 (1976), 285 …” „… knowledge of the sea and its role in the life of the planet.5 Cooperation, in this context, is concerned not …”

. Scientific criteria for regulations S. 1345-1347

„… rules for the protection of the marine environment when these rules are based upon widely accepted …” „… the protection of the marine environment should be based upon the identification of critical …” „… protection of the marine environment from vessel source pollution, and to this end adopts new treaties, or …”

. Marine mammals S. 851-859

„… protection and preservation of fur seals in areas beyond national jurisdiction.9 These regulations were …” „… subsequently adopted by the parties bilaterally. The 1911 Treaty for the Preservation and Protection of Fur …” „… life cycle, the costs involved in a resumption of high seas pelagic sealing were considered prohibitive …”

. Notification of imminent or actual damage S. 1334-1339

„… , including estuaries’. It also makes reference to ‘living resources and marine life’ and the ‘quality’ of sea …” „… . Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 198 1–3 1334 Stephens Reemers …” „… similar to Art. 198 is the 1995 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal …”

. Use of terms and scope S. 18-28

„… Part XII of the Convention which deals with protection and preservation of the marine environment. The …” „… in 1982. Art. 1 (1)(4) was taken from Art. 1 of the RSNT (Part III),6 but added ‘harm to marine life …” „… ), rocks ‘which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own’ have no EEZ nor continental …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. ‘international rules and standards for the protection and preservation of the marine …” „… equal footing with coastal State control over protection and preservation of the marine environment by …” „… opening of UNCLOS III. Late in the life of the Sea-Bed Committee, for example, proposals were introduced …”

. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 831-851

„… Fisheries: UNCLOS 1982 and Beyond (1994); Robin R. Churchill, The LOSC Regime for the Protection of the …” „… Protection of the Marine Environment in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, in: David Freestone (ed.), The …” „… concerning the protection of the marine environment ( Art. 192; Art. 194; Art. 196). As observed by the …”

. Studies, research programmes and exchange of information and data S. 1342-1345

„… , which states that one of the purposes of the Convention is to promote the ‘study, protection and …” „… (Annex III, General Principles for Assessment and Control of Marine Pollution). Part XII. Protection and …” „… pollution is the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP …”

. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels S. 1545-1548

„… ships for the purpose of the exercise of States’ powers of enforcement regarding the protection and …” „… ) 1988 to the Protocol International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; Art. 5 (4) International …” „… , OJ 2009 L 131, 57–100 (EU Directive on PSC). Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine …”

. Rights of protection of the coastal State S. 223-227

„… publicity is likely to be served by some IMO involvement.’34 Article 25 Rights of protection of the coastal …” „… is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall …” „… . Rights of protection of the coastal State 1–3 Art. 25 Barnes 223 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

. Contingency plans against pollution S. 1339-1342

„… assists Mediterranean States meet their obligations under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine …” „… . http://www.amsa.gov.au/marine_environment_protection/Montara_Well_Head_Platform/media/4-Nov-09-Montara-oil-leak.pdf. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt …” „… international law relating to the protection of the environment. For instance, Principle 15 of the United …”

. Pollution from vessels S. 1420-1444

„… relation to its oceanographical and ecological conditions, as well as its utilization or the protection of …” „… Environment (3rd edn. 2009); Daniel Bodansky, Protection of the Marine Environment from Vessel-Source …” „… , NYUJILP 24 (1991), 109–159; Z. Oya Özçayir, The Use of Port State Control Part XII. Protection and …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea S. 209-214

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1914 considered this matter. However, pursuant to …” „… overtaken by developments in marine environmental protection. JOHNSON suggests that the text of Art. 22 …” „… supports the designation of sea lanes for reasons of environmental protection.15 First it must be read in …”

. Investigation of foreign vessels S. 1538-1545

„… violation of applicable laws and regulations or international rules and standards for the protection and …” „… avoidance of unnecessary physical inspection of vessels at sea. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the …” „… evidence of violation of laws, regulations, rules or standards applicable to the protection and …”

. Enforcement by flag States S. 1475-1488

„… J. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 217 1474 Bartenstein Reemers …” „… protection and preservation of the marine environment, Art. 217 details the flag State’s enforcement …” „… these obligations as they relate to the protection of the marine environment. As the discussion below …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation S. 308-314

„… ‘the safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation, and/or protection of the marine …” „… designed systems, a TSS is established to contribute to safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of …” „… navigation, and/or protection of the marine environment.3 During the UNCLOS III Conference, the initial …”

. Transfer of technology S. 1003-1008

„… Arts. 266, 267, and 273)4 and Arts. 202 of Part XII (protection and preservation of the marine …” „… and reasonable commercial terms and conditions, consistent with the effective protection of …” „… protection and preservation of the marine environment.’48 This, however, is only an obligation ‘as a general …”

. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another S. 1316-1320

„… habitats such as coral reefs and for other forms of marine life. The scope of protection of Art. 195 …” „… Assessment and Control of Marine Pollution, Principle 13). Part XII. Protection and preservation of the …” „… transferring or transforming damage or hazards. The object of protection is the marine environment, but it does …”

. Exercise of powers of enforcement S. 1532-1535

„… regulations for the protection and preservation of the marine environment, without unjustifiably interfering …” „… protection and preservation of the marine environment ( Art. 194 (4)). II. Historical Background 3 The …” „… . Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 224 2–5 1532 Becker-Weinberg Reemers Publishing …”

. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement S. 1535-1538

„… see Art. 23 (4) High Seas Convention. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine …” „… or creating any hazard to a vessel. 9 The protection of the safety of navigation is also referred to …” „… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974. 7 Rule 1 (1) COLREGs. 8 ICJ, Dispute Regarding …”

. Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage S. 314-321

„… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS)13 came into force by making ship reporting systems …” „… reporting to mandatory reporting for the sake of ‘safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation …” „… and/or protection of the marine environment’,14 which is the aim for legislation adopted under Art. 42 (1 …”

. Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution S. 1357-1365

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 14 UNEP Bali Strategic Plan (note 9). Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine …” „… of marine pollution is key to an effective protection and preservation of the marine environment, Art …” „… project analysis’) as a continuum which will operate throughout the life of a project’. 8 See further …”

. Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings S. 1548-1553

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974; Art. 5 (3) MARPOL 73/78. Suspension and …” „… and Control of Marine Pollution, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/C.3/L.24 (1975), OR IV, 210. Part XII. Protection …” „… Molenaar (note 18), 464. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 228 12–19 1550 …”

. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances S. 214-218

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended. The original version available in 1184 …” „… This includes International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974),19 and, in …” „… ; Brian Smith, Innocent Passage as a Rule of Decision: Navigation v Environmental Protection, Colum. J …”

. Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage S. 200-209

„… maritime traffic; (b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or …” „… installations; (c) the protection of cables and pipelines; (d) the conservation of the living resources of the …” „… Ottesen/Stephen Sparkes/Colin Trinder, Shipping Threats and Protection of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: The …”

. Promotion of international cooperation S. 1631-1637

„… , The International Law of the Sea (2010); Tullio Scovazzi, Mining, Protection of the Environment …” „… Convention on the Law of the Sea for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Promotion of Marine …” „… of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the …”

. Non-interference with shipping routes S. 1745-1747

„… research carried out and to the indirect protection of human life and natural habitats, as in the case of …” „… whether the safeguard of other legitimate interests, such as fishing or the protection of the marine …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 9 Recent years have seen a growing number of unauthorised …”

. Enforcement by port States S. 1488-1497

„… , Extraterritoriality, and the Protection of Global Commons, Ocean Development & International Law 47 (2016), 89–130 …” „… , Protection of Community Interests in International Law: The Case of the Law of the Sea, MPYUNL 15 (2011 …” „… Control of Marine Pollution, vol. 2 (1980); Gregorius J. Timagenis, The Protection of the Maritime …”

. Obligations under general, regional or bilateral agreements S. 1826-1831

„… settlement system under one of those treaties, the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of …” „… Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, 22 September 1992, UNTS 2354, 67. 15 ITLOS …” „… If the States Parties which are parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of …”

. Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution S. 1497-1506

„… Art. 228 MN 19–20. Part XII. Protection and preservation of the marine environmentArt. 219 1496 …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 I. Purpose and Function 1Art. 219 is found in Section 6 of Part XII, on protection and …” „… protection of the marine environment had come into focus, as demonstrated by Section 3.7 of the Paris MoU …”

. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf S. 619-629

„… Submarine Cyber Infrastructure: Legal Status and Protection of Submarine Communication Cables under …” „… Environmental Protection and Transboundary Pipeline Projects: A Case Study of the Nord Stream Pipeline …” „… importance of the internet for our everyday life, there has been little public awareness of the physical …”

Preamble S. 2-18

„… , the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine …” „… Protection of the Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, in: David Freestone (ed.), The …” „… with the present Convention’ (para. 8). There is no reference to the protection and preservation of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1007 Article 146. Protection of human life …” „… , require particular attention to be paid to the preservation and protection of the marine environment. Let …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217 Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State …”

. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency S. 705-708

„… Diplomatic Conferences on Maritime Law and included:8 the applicability of the Safety of Life at Sea …” „… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended (superseding the SOLAS Conventions of …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 4. ‘port of call’ 12 A ‘port of call’ is a port in which a ship …”

. Ratification and formal confirmation S. 1980-1984

„… (Veronica Frank, The European Community and Marine Environmental Protection in the International Law of the …” „… Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 22 March 1985, UNTS 1513, 293. 91 Shabtai Rosenne …” „… negotiating parties to the ‘package deal’10 that was envisaged and came to life in the course of UNCLOS III. 5 …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone S. 465-481

„… regard to fishing, the protection of the marine environment and the rights and duties of other States …” „… marine scientific research and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. The subject …” „… State was considered to be entitled to also take measures concerning the protection of the mineral or …”

. Right to fish on the high seas S. 792-804

„… first sought to recognise the special concerns of coastal States in ensuring protection of their …” „… depleted, threatened or endangered species and other forms of marine life found in Art. 194 (5). This …” „… the protection and preservation of the marine environment’.55 This broader environmental concern is …”

. Internal waters S. 85-97

„… ports for seagoing vessels situated on rivers. Several conventions on the protection of the marine …” „… ), 60. 22 See e. g. Art. 1 (b) of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the …” „… of the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources …”

. Duty to render assistance S. 726-731

„… Safety of Life at Sea 1948 (SOLAS 1948).13 This increasing density of treaty law may have persuaded the …” „… , operation and maintenance’ reflects the language of the International Convention on the Safety of Life at …” „… may only be disembarked in a place of safety, defined to mean a place where survivors’ ‘life is not …”

. Ice-covered areas S. 1567-1586

„… Safety of Life at Sea 1974; Art. 3 (a) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification …” „… Directive 2009/16/EC of 28 May 2009, OJ 2009 L 131, 57–100; Art. 4 (3) Convention on the Protection of the …” „… regulations shall have due regard to navigation and the protection and preservation of the marine environment …”

. Prohibition of the transport of slaves S. 731-734

„… protection of their fundamental rights in compliance with the principle of non-refoulement’.39 More generally …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm the territory of the EU Member State hosting the FRONTEX operation …” „… .38 Rescued persons may only be disembarked in a place of safety, defined to mean a place where …”

. Duties of States bordering straits S. 325-328

„… to the cause of enhancing safety, security, and environmental protection in the straits.20 The …” „… be different now that the contracting States of the International Convention for the Safety of Life …” „… of Life at Sea (SOLAS 1974), as amended. Duties of States bordering straits 2–4 Art. 44 Jia 325 …”

. The Review Conference S. 1093-1098

„… , protection of human life, rights of coastal States, the legal status of the waters superjacent to the Area …” „… in the Area, marine scientific research, transfer of technology, protection of the marine environment …” „… , producing an interim report, which serves as a basis for the further review process.15 Taking note of …”

. Immunity of warships on the high seas S. 715-717

„… flying its flag and causing loss of life or serious injury to nationals of another State or serious …” „… of navigation on the high seas’ 14 Under the first sentence of Art 94 (7), a flag State must conduct …” „… an inquiry into: ‘every marine casualty or incident of navigation on the high seas involving a ship …”

. Duties of the flag State S. 708-715

„… required to observe the applicable international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea, the …” „… navigation on the high seas involving a ship flying its flag and causing loss of life or serious injury to …” „… , ‘protection and preservation of the marine environment’ and the flag State’s duty to exercise jurisdiction ‘in …”

. Normal baseline S. 46-61

„… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 1974) requires the carriage of adequate and up-to-date charts …” „… ). 56 Reg. 27 Ch. V Annex International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as …” „… sea levels: These are coastal protection of the whole or of salient points of the coastline, and …”

. Conservation of the living resources S. 481-494

„… Convention can be ‘readily interpreted to include measures aimed at the protection of marine biodiversity’. 9 …” „… be read in light of the general obligations concerning the protection of the marine environment, rare …” „… purpose, Great Britain is not only entitled, but obliged to provide for the protection and preservation of …”

. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 394-405

„… suspend innocent passage ‘for the protection of its security’. This virtually mirrors Art. 25 (3) on the …” „… rights of protection of the coastal State.34 Before innocent passage can be suspended, there are four …” „… duration of this is left unspecified. Third, the suspension must be ‘essential for the protection of the …”

. Use of terms S. 937-944

„… , included in Part XII, on the protection and preservation of the marine environment) it is to be understood …” „… darkness and high pressure, it is the habitat of diverse forms of life associated with typical geological …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART XI THE AREA Section 1 General provisions Article 133 Use of terms …”

. Right of hot pursuit S. 773-780

„… the protection of none.40 The second holds some further jurisdictional nexus is required to justify …” „… , the pursuit may only be undertaken if there has been a violation of the rights for the protection of …” „… arrest.41 Statelessness itself may arise in one of three ways: a vessel may lack any valid claim to …”

. Marine scientific research S. 990-1003

„… Law of the Sea (2010); Tullio Scovazzi, Mining, Protection of the Environment, Scientific Research and …” „… . Tullio Scovazzi, Mining, Protection of the Environment, Scientific Research and Bioprospecting: Some …” „… Authority, the debate on the protection of biodiversity started in 2003. 41 Scovazzi (note 4), 399. 42 GA …”

. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1036-1047

„… practical relevance up until today: The obligation of States to protect human life at sea is already …” „… that protect the life of humans involved in these activities which substantially supplement the already …” „… environment’ as denoting the natural circumstances of the sea which determine the conditions for marine life …”

. Common heritage of mankind S. 950-958

„… the body specifically tasked with breathing life into the new concept of common heritage of mankind …” „… Furthermore, it is in line with the growing awareness of the significance of global environmental protection …” „… theoretical background necessary to achieve the aim of global environmental protection.42 However, in cases …”

. Safety zones S. 1741-1745

„… to the indirect protection of human life and natural habitats, as in the case of damage done to …” „… safety zone established around research installations in the EEZ and the continental shelf in case of …” „… violation of the laws and regulations applicable therein.13 7 Unlike the 1973 proposal to the Sea-Bed …”

. Anadromous stocks S. 528-537

„… right of protection or property in the fur-seals frequenting the islands of the United States in Bering …” „… e. g. 1930 Convention for the Protection, Preservation and Extension of the Sockeye Salmon Fisheries …” „… whose waters catadromous species spend the greater part of their life cycle shall have responsibility …”

. Drilling on the Continental Shelf S. 635-640

„… tied to natural resources or other economic activities or protection and preservation of the marine …” „… . Bibliography: Moira L. McConnell, The Law Applicable on the Continental Shelf, General Reports of the XVIIIth …” „… Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law (2012), 453–466; Moira L. McConnell/ Eduard Somers …”

. Marine scientific research projects undertaken by or under the auspices of international organizations S. 1665-1674

„… logic during its short life at UNCLOS III between its introduction during the summer of 1977 and its …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm a specific application of the general rule contained in Art. 240 …” „… other legitimate uses of the sea compatible with this Convention and shall be duly respected in the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258874

Jakub Urbanik, Adam Bodnar - Περιμένοντας τους Bαρβάρους. Law in a Time of Constitutional Crisis.

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Jakub Urbanik (ed.), Adam Bodnar (ed.)

Περιμένοντας τους Bαρβάρους. Law in a Time of Constitutional Crisis.

2021

Results in this title

Hinnerk Wißmann Liberty and Protection of Life – Border Issues of the Constitutional State S. 763-772

„… 763 Hinnerk Wißmann LIBERTY AND PROTECTION OF LIFE – BORDER ISSUES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL STATE …” „… Abstract The protection of life is a major challenge for constitutional states at all times. They have to …” „… ‘from themselves’. Keywords Autonomy; Liberty; Protection of life; Federal Constitutional Court …”

Stephan Breitenmoser, Oliver Schmid The Right to Abortion in the European Convention of Human Rights S. 105-118

„… child as well as they correlate the protection of the unborn child’s right to life with the child’s …” „… protection in Ireland of the right to life of the unborn was one aspect’.52 Yet, the Court held in the Open …” „… promoted on the protection of private and family life under the European Convention on Human Rights (1985 …”

Jakub Urbanik, Paweł Marcisz Juristocracy Rainbow-Tested: The Case of Poland S. 705-742

„… , health protection, or housing). Freedom of assembly in labour relations. A decade and half have passed …” „… court protection of LGBTQ+ rights, see, in part, pp. 118–125 and, idem, ‘The political origins’ (cit. n …” „… elections.’ (ibid.)10 In the European Area of Human Rights Protection (nota bene, Hirschl stresses the …”

Matthias Mahlmann Lies, Contempt, and Democracy. The Politics of Falsehood and the Destruction of Democracy’s Life-World S. 441-454

„… basis of the idea of the rule of and by law is the protection of central human goods, including life …” „… proportionality. The point of these principles is, however, the protection of substantial values, including life …” „… DESTRUCTION OF DEMOCRACY’S LIFE-WORLD Zusammenfassung The paper explores a particular thesis that seems to be …”

Marek Safjan Symmetry in Search of an Appropriate Response to the Crisis S. 605-622

„… conditions and the quality of life in general have improved considerably. The subjective belief of being …” „… system, the presumption that each Member State meets the requirements of sufficient protection of …” „… członkowskich w prawie Unii Europejskiej: Studium przebudzenia narodowego (Mechanism for the Protection of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Folgenverantwortung von Verfassungsgerichten 755 Hinnerk Wißmann Liberty and Protection of Life – Border Issues of …” „… Falsehood and the Destruction of Democracy’s Life-World ............... 441 Bartosz Makowicz …” „… involved in social and public life. In the years 1988–1990, he headed the Department of Constitutional …”

Menachem Mautner Democratic Backsliding in Israel S. 473-484

„… . 12 The Editors, ‘The law for the protection of El-Or Azaria’, Haaretz 27 May 2018 …” „… staged a play based on the life of a Palestinian terrorist. Minister of Education Naftali Bennet ordered …” „… already part of the life of Israel. In the 1980s, in press reports, opinion columns and the Hebrew …”

Matej Avbelj The Future of Europe beyond the Constitutional Crisis S. 23-34

„… issues. Issues that pertain and guarantee the fairness of political life in a given community. However …” „… notwithstanding.15 The protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms consequently became one of the …” „… . Weiler, ‘Methods of Protection: Towards a Second and Third Generation of Protection’, [in:] C. Cassese …”

Koen Lenaerts The Autonomy of the EU Legal Order S. 387-402

„… of fundamental rights protection provided for by the Charter,8 the substantive law of the EU that …” „… sincere cooperation,10 and the EU system of judicial protection of which the preliminary reference …” „… that avoids gaps in the EU system of judicial protection. In Part 6, it is submitted that the Treaties …”

Jerzy Zajadło Aesthetics of Law: Old Wine in a New Bottle S. 787-796

„… intervention of law in aesthetics of everyday life); law as aesthetics (law as the bearer of aesthetic values …” „… spirit of times live in a natural feud.3 Regarding the progressive aestheticization of everyday life …” „… tioned instrument of contemporary pragmatic aesthetics, then the law, be ing an element of everyday life …”

Adam Ploszka Efficiency of the European Court of Human Rights Priority Policy. The Case of Applications Related to the Polish Rule of Law Crisis S. 539-554

„… domestic safeguards of the rule of law, as well as those related to human rights protection, have been …” „… branch of power which plays a crucial role in the protection of rule of law and human rights, especially …” „… community. As part of this response, several cases related to the protection of rule of law and …”

Jiří Zemánek Facing Decline of Democracy: The View of the Czech Constitutional Court S. 797-802

„… good friend. I admire his consistent mental life position. All good wishes of personal satisfaction …” „… the entire order of fundamental rights in constitutional democracy. Their protection by the …” „… competence of the Parliament, could be established only hand-in-hand with the protection of the substantive …”

Adam Bodnar The Role of the Commissioner of Human Rights of the Republic of Poland in the Fight for Rule of Law in Poland S. 93-104

„… administration had to learn basics of constitutional protection of rights and freedoms. In 1997 the position of …” „… defending the rule of law, which is a basic guarantee of human rights’ protection in any democratic country …” „… its involvement in the protection of judges and courts, did not take into account the real operation …”

András Sajó Demons Exposed: Freedom of Expression Justifications Challenged by the Internet S. 623-638

„… protection that is not accorded to other forms of conduct? Why are resulting harms, that would otherwise be …” „… ) justifications yield different levels of protection and the scope of free speech varies depending on the theory …” „… . This, however, does not add much extra weight to the protection of speech as a liberty because as an …”

Gábor Halmai From ‘Illiberal Democracy’ to Autocracy. How Covid-19 Helped to Destroy the Remnants of Democracy in Hungary S. 227-240

„… to human dignity, right to life, freedom of movement, right to education, freedom of information and …” „… violation of EU law. Decree 47/2020 obliterated worker protections in the Labour Code. During the emergency …” „… THE REMNANTS OF DEMOCRACY IN HUNGARY Abstract The main aim of this paper is to describes how the illiberal …”

Ben Smulders Some Reflections about the Role of the Rule of Law in a Democratic System in which the European Union Operates S. 665-678

„… leaving Europe behind, for hating Brussels. In an insecure daily life “a national and cultural sense of …” „… (2020) 580 final, p. 1. See also the definition of what for the purposes of the protection of the EU’s …” „… of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget (O.J. 2020, L 4331, pp. 1–10). The …”

Andrzej Drzemczewski The Erosion of the Rule of Law and of Judicial Independence in Poland since 2015: the Council of Europe’s Reaction – too Little, too Late? S. 149-168

„… , https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/erosion-of-ruleof-law-threatens-human-rights-protection-in-poland (which included a summary in Polish). See also his letter to the Prime Minister, dated 6 February …” „… !): http://www.assembly.coe.int/LifeRay/MON/Pdf/DocsAndDecs/2017/AS-MON-2017-14-EN.pdf. 67 Resolution 2316 (2020) of 28 January 2020 (cit. n. 26). For an …” „… : https://assembly.coe.int/LifeRay/MON/Pdf/DocsAndDecs/OverviewMON-EN.pdf. 68 See Synopsis of Meeting in Paris, doc.AS/Pol (2016) CB 02 …”

Lech Garlicki Polish Judicial Crisis and the European Court of Human Rights (a few Observations on the Ástráðsson Case) S. 169-182

„… real life, however, it may have adverse effect on the domestic implementation of the Ástráðsson …” „… in the intent to secure a proper balance between protection of legal certainty and protection of the …” „… protection of arrangements required by Article 6 of the Convention. As it was noted in the joint separate …”

Zdeněk Kühn The Rise and Fall of Central Eastern European Constitutional Courts S. 373-386

„… protection of basic human rights’, Osgoode Hall Law Journal 11.2 (1973), pp. 275–284. In Poland, the …” „… granted level of protection of fundamental rights should be lowered where this is necessary for …” „… 373 Zdeněk Kühn THE RISE AND FALL OF CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS* Abstract …”

Wojciech Sadurski Judicial Duty of (Public) Reason-Giving S. 595-604

„… hinge upon the substance of the message, and in particular protection must be provided regardless of …” „… principles to govern our own life. 16 E. H. Wolgast, ‘The demands of public reason’, Columbia Law Review 94 …” „… 595 Wojciech Sadurski JUDICIAL DUTY OF (PUBLIC) REASON-GIVING Abstract In this short essay offered …”

Martin Krygier The Spirit of Constitutionalism S. 357-372

„… law, human rights and the respect for and protection of minorities.’7 Notwithstanding the implausible …” „… everyday life. There’s nothing special here. So the spirit of constitutionalism will never be the …” „… power. This is a fundamental and perennial problem of social and political life, that is accurately …”

Jiří Přibáň Constitutional Theory and the Imaginary of Human Rights S. 555-566

„… responsible for the protection of human rights and make them intrinsic part of their legislation …” „… , effectively rules out the ideal of justice as the unity of virtuous political life and laws. The ideal of …” „… concept of polycontexturality, see, especially, G. Günther, ‘Life as poly-contexturality’, [in:] Beiträge …”

Uwe Kischel Step Forward for Europe – the German Constitutional Court’s Decision on PSPP S. 301-322

„… also be structurally significant, since the principle of conferral and its protection of the division …” „… Abstract The sometimes pointed criticism of the German Constitutional Court’s PSPP judgement is not …” „… character of EU law with respect to the national approval laws and national constitutions. Apart from that …”

Tomasz Tadeusz Koncewicz The Constitutional Adjudication on the Frontier S. 337-356

„… order to convince its counterparts to their vision of protection of fundamental rights and …” „… respect. ‘We’ peoples of Europe agreed to respect others way of life, provided their lives and decisions …” „… Tribunal apprehends the meaning of state sovereignty through the lens of the essence of constitutional …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748931232

Eric Hilgendorf, Jan C. Joerden, Natalia Petrillo, Felix Thiele - Menschenwürde in der Medizin: Quo vadis?

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Eric Hilgendorf (ed.), Jan C. Joerden (ed.), Natalia Petrillo (ed.), Felix Thiele (ed.)

Menschenwürde in der Medizin: Quo vadis?

Series: Interdisziplinäre Studien zu Recht und Staat

Volume 52 2012

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Bielefeld Memorandum The Importance of Human Dignity in the Field of Medicine S. 477-484

„… prerequisites of the thesis mentioned before on the beginning of the protection of the right to life—it may be …” „… Law the protection of life is subject to legal proviso, i.e. it may be restricted, which does not …” „… such as the protection of unborn life in the womb arise, if the opinion is maintained that even unborn …”

Ole Döring Dignity: a Philosophical Perspective on the Bioethical Debate and a Case Example of China S. 241-260

„… which we can relate? Associating dignity and a certain state of life seems to reverse the logical …” „… harm’s damage occurs even beyond the individual’s actual life. In the words of Andreas Gryphius, it …” „… morality and ethics, it would exclude the expression of different forms of dignified life. The point is …”

Altan Heper Human Dignity in an Intercultural Context S. 227-240

„… morals that influence the daily life and business of a society. But culture influences more than just …” „… and origin of life, eschatology, illness and health play an important role in daily life. For example …” „… that on prenatal life. Although there is much literature about the compatibility of Islam and human …”

Ulrich H. J. Körtner Human Dignity and Medical Ethics from a Christian Theological Perspective S. 211-226

„… though the protection of human dignity and of human rights is supported by everyone. Even in a country …” „… open debate on the question of when the existence of human beings begins and how long human life has …” „… to be protected as life of a human person. Indeed the idea of human dignity cannot be exclusively …”

Thomas Schramme Paternalism, Coercion and Manipulation in Psychiatry S. 147-162

„… , which is concerned with the “protection of persons who have a mental disorder,” states that “[s]ubject …” „… ). Second, although psychiatric patients might often be incompetent in certain areas of running their life …” „… , they are very rarely, if ever, incompetent in assessing what their idea of a good life consists in …”

Susanne Beck Free Will: Necessary Base for Human Dignity, Responsibility, and Criminal Law? S. 261-280

„… the insecurity about “Free Will” is of basic importance for the concept and the protection of …” „… and less responsibility for one’s own life. For now I want to proceed and start with the concepts of …” „… force of criminal law against is citizens can only be accepted by its usage for protection of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845237947

Julia Druschel, Nikolaus Goldbach, Franziska Paulmann, Carolina Vestena - Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf Soziale Menschenrechte

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Julia Druschel (ed.), Nikolaus Goldbach (ed.), Franziska Paulmann (ed.), Carolina Vestena (ed.)

Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf Soziale Menschenrechte

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 160 2020

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Riccardo Montaldo The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation – their multi-level Protection and Implementation in International, European and National Law S. 199-230

„… .); the right to life (article 2, para. 2 GG); the right to health (article 32 Cost.); the protection of …” „… , European and National Law”. It regards an analysis of the current state of protection and implementation of …” „… the multi-level protection of human rights, understanding how these human rights are recognised and …”

Effrosyni Bakirtzi European economic crisis and governance and employment related social human rights: some thoughts from their interactions in Greece S. 311-340

„… policy in the EU and the pluralistic character of social rights protection in Europe and beyond. In the …” „… of a person, either the active or passive professional life cycle phase. During the active phase of …” „… the professional life, a person is entitled to a number of labour rights (both individual rights, such …”

Anna Weber Big Pharma und der Zugang zu Arzneimitteln. Perspektiven und Grenzen der imperialen Lebens- und Produktionsweise S. 361-388

„… im so genannten Life-Style-Breich (Roemer-Mahler, 2015; Taylor, 2016: 21). Im Rahmen inkrementeller …” „… Produktionsweise Big Pharma and access to medicines. Perspectives and limits of the imperial mode of living and …” „… technologies is part of the human right to health. However, its implementation is in crisis around the world …”

Anna-Mara Schön Self-Reliance in Refugee Camps – an Analysis of Influential Factors and Power Dimensions S. 99-116

„… and hosts as well as refugees and field workers, etc.. Power struggles are also part of community life …” „… Self-Reliance in Refugee Camps – an Analysis of Influential Factors and Power Dimensions …” „… Anna-Mara Schön Abstract: This article presents a range of findings of the doctoral thesis “Assessing the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748905912

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europa ethnica

Browse Volumes: europa ethnica

europa ethnica Volume 69 (2012) Issue 1-2 ISSN Online: 0014-2492

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Gaetano Pentassuglia The Strasbourg Court and Minority Groups: Shooting in the Dark or a new Interpretive Ethos? S. 2-13

„… Declaration of Human Rights, the ECHR embraces the universalistic thrust of human rights protection and does …” „… as the impact of the Court on the wider system of international minority protection . 2 The Pillars …” „… Commission on Human Rights first paved the way for accepting claims relating to the way of life of a …”

doi.org/10.24989/0014-2492-2012-12

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