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Till Blume

Framing Peace

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 179 2011

Results in this title

Methods and Peace Operations S. 79-80

„… Tracing Framing in Peace Operations: Methods and CaseSelectionMethods and Peace OperationsAs in …” „… many areas of social sciences, data for peace operations are unsystematic,complex, and difficult to …” „… peace operations, these problemsincrease due to difficult access to post-conflict areas, security …”

Peace Operations: Independent Variables S. 62-68

„… further peaceprocess. Also in stable phases, peace operations can take decisions having repercussions …” „… . Context credibility in post-conflict peaceoperations is defined as the degree to which peace operations …” „… suboptimal results for the selection of frames. But as peace operationsare responsible to DPKO, New York can …”

Framing and Peace Operations S. 34-42

„… studies on the UN peace operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina,Kosovo, and Liberia – divided into eleven …” „… information and political communication in peace operations.In Chapter 2, I review literature on framing …” „… frame selection in peace operations. Chapter 3 discusses methodological issues, includingdata and case …”

UN Peace Operations as Organizations S. 42-44

„… . The environments of UN peace operations - meaning the different levels influencing peaceoperations in …” „… conference papers that tackle framing within the context of peace agreements and negotiations (Hancock and …” „… been brought into a connection with peace operationsand organizational choices. The closest work on …”

Environments of UN Peace Operations S. 47-52

„… are different environments that influence peace operations.Environments of UN Peace OperationsThe …” „… factors that influence UN peace operations reside on different levels (compareFigure 3 below): the local …” „… level, the intra-organizational level, and the internationallevel. While peace operations as …”

The Accra Peace Agreement 2003 S. 254-256

„… multidimensional United Nations peacekeeping operation.568 In the months preceding the Accra Peace Agreement, the …” „… little funding available for media reforms and trainingfor journalists.565The Accra Peace Agreement 2003 …” „… UNMIL was deployed after the Accra Peace Agreement, which was the first of aseries of over fourteen …”

Framing Peace and Security in Liberia S. 329-330

„… Framing Peace and Security in LiberiaWhen Kofi Annan visited the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) in …” „… 2006, he stressedthat one of the main challenges of UN peace operations is the management …” „… . With regard to the impactof peace operations on local conditions, UNMIL ranges among the cases that …”

Public Information Offices (PIO) in Peace Operations S. 44-47

„… instruments of peaceoperations limiting their scope of action. From the view of the peace operation onthe …” „… almost all peace operations today, rule of law has become a mainstream concept inUN peace …” „… peace operation. UNMIL’sRule of Law Department (Figure 2) shows this clearly.Figure 2: Rule of Law …”

Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing Peace S. 339-340

„… to frame an image of a strong, potentorganization.Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing PeaceWhen …” „… study.From ‘Security First’ to Development: The Different Phases of PeaceOperationsBroadly speaking, peace …” „… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …”

The Context: Peace Operations in the Field S. 61-62

„… chosen by peace operations in different kinds of critical situations.Organizational Framing and Frame …” „… Selection in Peace Operations. Towardsa ModelThis section discusses the contexts and situations peace …” „… situation in terms of public information for peace operations in Chapter 1. In thissection, I will develop a …”

Frames as Dependent Variables – Prototypical Frames in Peace Operations S. 68-72

„… onthe general capacity of the peace operation to react. In the light of this hypothesis,I assess the …” „… security capacities of each peace operation by qualitatively assessingthe current state of security sector …” „… Variables – Prototypical Frames in Peace OperationsIn an exploratory study (for details see 3.4.2.3), I have …”

First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace Operations S. 87-91

„… step.First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace OperationsBefore starting the empirical …” „… VariablesThe ability of peace operations to design, choose and implement frames is influenced by four …” „… contextcredibility of peace operations influences the selection of frames. Context credibility relates to the general …”

From ‘Security First’ to Development: The Different Phases of Peace Operations S. 340-342

„… study.From ‘Security First’ to Development: The Different Phases of PeaceOperationsBroadly speaking, peace …” „… section show that frame selection does play an important role in peace operations’ responses in the local …” „… peace operations. However, in certain situations and under certain circumstances the cases presented …”

Summing Up: Hypotheses and Independent Variables for Frame Selection in UN Peace Operations S. 77-78

„… thatdemand more than the peace operation’s capacities can cope with, then the peaceoperation would bridge …” „… HMainb is an alternative proposition to HMain:HMainb: If situational challenges surpass the peace …” „… operation’s resources, thenthe peace operation will select frames according to bureaucratic considerations,not …”

Organizational Framing and Strategic Peacebuilding S. 27-34

„… peacebuilding.Organizational Framing and Strategic PeacebuildingPeace operations are temporary organizations deployed by an …” „… peace operations at hand, is at the coreof this book. In order to shed light on this gap in peacekeeping …” „… implementation:If situational challenges surpass the peace operation’s resources, then the peaceoperation will …”

Implications for Peacekeeping Research: Sketching an Agenda for further Research S. 347-376

„… a): Learning to Build Peace?United Nations Peacebuilding and Organizational Learning: Developing a …” „… (2007 b): Learning to Build Peace?United Nations Peacebuilding and Organizational Learning: Developing a …” „… peace operations? Did the creation of the Peacekeeping Public Affairs Unit in DPKO incoordination with …”

Personality in Peacekeeping: The Role of Leadership S. 342-343

„… influenceon bureaucratic efficiency of peace operations. Furthermore, it seems to also influence the variable …” „… credibility ofthe peace operations. A positive example is UNMIL: all SRSGs had high credibilityand showed …” „… previous section – also showed how important leadershipchange can be for the general orientation of a peace …”

The Two Main Hypotheses S. 335-338

„… minor role in implementing peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina: it was to take responsibility for police …” „… results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on Framing and Peace …” „… detail, they refer to the impact different situational factors on theability of peace operations to …”

Bureaucratic Efficiency as Alternative Main Hypothesis S. 74-77

„… peace operation’s capacities can cope with, then the peaceoperation would bridge these gaps by using …” „… introduces a further independent variable forframe selection: bureaucratic efficiency. Peace operations …” „… the internal set-up of the peace operation. Thebureaucratic processing of information and the speed of …”

Liberia: Rebuilding a Failed State S. 331-334

„… different evolutionary steps of UN peacekeeping – onthe multidimensional UN peace operations in …” „… Framing Peace. Organizational Framing in UN Peace OperationsThe research in this book was directed …” „… towards the question of whether peace operations use frames resonating with local expectations if their …”

Data S. 97-100

„… configurations needs to be carried out in a less formalized way thanpossible with fs QCA. Especially for peace …” „… peace operations isto cope with the dual deficit of little theory-building and hardly any …” „… phenomena.DataIn order to analyse frame selection processes within peace operations, I used acoding scheme for the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… BlumeFraming PeacePublic Information and Security in UN Peace OperationsNomosBUT_Blume_6873-1.indd 3 27.09.11 …” „… , and Events in UN PeaceOperations1.342UN Peace Operations as Organizations1.3.1 42Public Information …” „… : Strategy and Design2.2.3 58Organizational Framing and Frame Selection in PeaceOperations. Towards a Model …”

Theoretical Considerations: Framing Theory, Frame Selection and Organizational Framing S. 345-347

„… peace operations.Peacekeeping research will – despite recent advances – require further embedded …” „… frames.For the different peace operations, there were different frequencies of framesavailable: Most press …” „… framing of UN peace operations in their local contexts. The resultsof my research have some interesting …”

Framing and Organizational Framing S. 53-54

„… situational challenges surpass the peace operation’s resources, then the peaceoperation will select frames …” „… Organizational Framing in UN Peace Operations: Theory,Concepts, and HypothesesFraming and …” „… Organizational FramingPeace operations – as was described in the first chapter – are influenced by variousfactors …”

Kind of Period S. 338-339

„… to frame an image of a strong, potentorganization.Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing PeaceWhen …” „… planning and implementationof peace operations – the case studies in this project have shown that attempts …” „… toinclude local perspectives into the implementation of peace operations remainscarce and scattered …”

Case Selection S. 100-102

„… used on the population of all UN peace operations.First, all peace operations were categorized into …” „… traditional peace operations,transformational peace operations, integrated peace operations, and …” „… , all traditionalpeace operations were dropped. In order to cover the entire spectre of peace operations …”

What are Frames? S. 54-56

„… how peace operations attempt to maintain credibility despite thefact that they often lack critical …” „… , reads as follows:If situational challenges surpass the peace operation’s resources, then the …” „… theselection of frames as the dependent variable. Frames are chosen by peace operations according to their …”

Context Credibility S. 339

„… to frame an image of a strong, potentorganization.Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing PeaceWhen …” „… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …” „… incrisis situations seem to be an important tool of peace operations to respond to localriots and political …”

Security Policies S. 339

„… to frame an image of a strong, potentorganization.Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing PeaceWhen …” „… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …” „… incrisis situations seem to be an important tool of peace operations to respond to localriots and political …”

Organizational Framing: Strategy and Design S. 58-61

„… , peace operations – select certainframes in certain situations. I define situations by referring to the …” „… windows of opportunity(1984). The term has already been conceptualized for peace operations, with a focus …” „… researching and explainingwhich frames are chosen by peace operations in different kinds of critical …”

Independent Variables S. 261-269

„… an uneasy peace. Nevertheless, inthe days after UNMIL started a cordon and search operation in …” „… ministers of the NTGL and rioting excombatants: “if you break the peace agreement, you will be arrested and …” „… like UNMIL. They see Kleinas ‘their advocate’ and do not want warlords dictating the peace” (ICG 2004 b …”

Security Institutions in Liberia S. 249-253

„… United Nations Peace-building Support Office in Liberia (UNOL) in order to assist thenew government to …” „… consolidate the shaky peace.Peace-building efforts, however, were seriously hampered by the inability of …” „… beginning, the struggle was focused on keepingthe former warring factions to stick to the 2003 peace …”

From Deployment to DDRR: Press Briefings and Frames S. 269-274

„… committed to peace inLiberia and to the DDRR program […] The most important thing to secure peacein this …” „… and monitor theimplementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and investigate violationsof the …” „… their responsibility for taking the quest for peace andwelfare of their country. He strongly warned …”

UNMIBH’s Mandate: Monitoring and Reforming Police in BiH S. 103-107

„… entrusted with a small part of the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords(DPA)66: the monitoring and …” „… peace operation and the resulting bureaucratic efficiency – may have an impact on whatkind of frames …” „… June 2001.66 Named after the location of negotiations, the Dayton Peace Accords were officially …”

Assessing Hypotheses Across the Periods S. 328-329

„… Framing Peace and Security in LiberiaWhen Kofi Annan visited the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) in 2006, he …” „… stressedthat one of the main challenges of UN peace operations is the management ofexpectations. “And a journey …” „… impactof peace operations on local conditions, UNMIL ranges among the cases that have– despite the lack of …”

Mission Design S. 343-344

„… Mission DesignThe three peace operations under study here had different mission designs, whichalso …” „… challenges (Benner, Rotmann and Mergenthaler forthcoming2011).In line with the development of peace …” „… study.However, the effect of mission design should not be regarded without looking atthe phases of peace …”

Towards Consolidation: Frame Selection in 2006/2007 S. 312-321

„… significant disruptions to the peace process in general are dealt with firmly and resolutely and Ithink we are …” „… disruptions to theinauguration, and the peace process in general. No serious threat existed, and UN-MIL was …” „… past, our immediate priority will be toconsolidate that peace and maintain peace and security”776 …”

List of Acronyms S. 23-26

„… BriefingPBF United Nations Peacebuilding FundPIC Peace Implementation Council (Bosnia-Herzegovina)PIO Public …” „… Concept of OperationsCPA Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (Liberia)CST County Support Teams (UNMIL)DDRR …” „… SupportDPA Dayton Peace Accords (Bosnia) United Nations Department of Political Affairs (NewYork)DPI United …”

Framing Towards Transition: Press Briefings and Frames in 2004 S. 284-289

„… high context credibility was slightly lower than in 2003,as the famous “peace dividend” took longer to …” „… strongly condemned renewed attempts by various factions to derailthe peace process, and announced that the …” „… those that[…] plan actions that would undermine the NTGL and slow down the peace andreconciliation …”

Assessment of Frames and Hypotheses S. 301-305

„… general message of peace.” UNMIL PB, 11 November2005: 1.751 UNMIK PR, 12 December 2005: 1.752 UNMIL PR/245 …” „… the foundations of the CPA nor the peace and stability in theregion.302Figure 30: UNMIL Frames …” „… returns of303the peace dividend; they were also aware of the role UNMIL played in securingthe entire …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 156-161

„… becomes clearthat progress seems to be the more plausible frame for finalizing peace operationsthan …” „… efficiency had an impact on the functioningof peace operations and the definition of priorities. Frame …” „… conclusion I argue that peace operations with a difficult and low rate ofacceptance – as was the case with …”

UNMIBH’s Media Policy S. 110-111

„… sophisticated media environment ever to host a major international peace-building mission” (Thompson and De Luce …” „… CommanderRupert Smith that information management was a crucial part for the implementation of peace operations …” „… officer also workingon military information operations in peace operations, the first proper campaign4.487 …”

Media Institutions in Liberia S. 253-254

„… reforms and trainingfor journalists.565The Accra Peace Agreement 2003UNMIL was deployed after the Accra …” „… Peace Agreement, which was the first of aseries of over fourteen peace agreements in Liberia to hold. In …” „… peacebuilding” (Jaye 2008: 182) in order to overcome the shortsighted nature of previous reforms in …”

Structured and Focused Comparison of Independent Variables S. 161-163

„… normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases. The increase of the local …” „… mandate frames,originally included in the set of six model frames for peace operations, did hardlyplay any …” „… question of this thesis isthat UNMIBH – as a multidimensional peace operation with little context …”

Framing towards Ownership? S. 230-235

„… Kosovopolitical leaders did the same, people must maintain calm and peace and prove thatKosovo is indeed …” „… others (Lyck, ‘International Peace Enforcers’; Wood, ’Tale of Two Worlds for Kosovo Politician’).527 One …” „… quoted in severalKosovar dailies that the prevailing peace would help achieve the goal of …”

The Role of Media in Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 108-110

„… peace-building mission” (Thompson and De Luce 2002: 205). UNPROFOR, the predecessor of international operations …” „… implementation of peace operations’ mandates, and that UNPROFOR could no longer affordto be downplayed by largely …” „… priorities. According to a military staff officer also workingon military information operations in peace …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 191-194

„… Kosovo-wide elections yield mixed results.HMain proposed that when the peace operation’s capacities are low …” „… indications that peace operations frame to-wards certain local expectations, when there is not further way of …” „… peace operations are in a crisis situation. As soon ascrisis situations normalize, counterframes are …”

Independent Variables S. 305-312

„… Liberia, especially as it started tochange from peacekeeping to peacebuilding.754 88.2 percent of the …” „… country support”.772 This initiative was a new approachwithin UN peace operations to rebuild local …” „… UNMIL“will remain on high alert and we will continue to ensure that any significant disruptions to the peace …”

The Mandate: Resolution 1244 S. 169-173

„… administrations, see Caplan2005; Chesterman 2004; Knoll 2005; 2008). What had led to the Dayton PeaceAccords in …” „… population.There was no formal peace agreement, and the positions of the warring factionswere irreconcilable …”

Independent Variables S. 293-299

„… 2005.723 The NTGL was not on track concerning the implementation of the peace agreement.724 Despite this …” „… established in the first years of peace operations to the newchallenges arising when reorienting towards …” „… overturn Johnson-Sirleaf’s victory were solved peacefully, with bothcandidates appearing together in public …”

Independent Variables S. 194-201

„… UNMIK’s presencewere taken. While it was not the first peace operation to have any kind of implementation …” „… , new peace operations. Among the municipaladministrators, many still felt that they needed to govern …” „… lead theinternational community to believe that anything serious could happen undermining this peaceful …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 321-324

„… in Liberia in 2006 and 2007 stabilized, but peace remained fragile. Therefore, HMain can be confirmed …” „… peacebuilding component of UNMIL, a peacebuilding strategy was drafted in late 2006 and 2007 inorder to prepare …” „… Liberia for an application of some projects to the UN’s new Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) in 2007. Furthermore …”

Independent Variables S. 238-240

„… plays a role especiallyin peace operations in Europe due to the close linkages with European …” „… security conditions were even more difficult, thefirst Kosovo-wide elections were peacefully held. The …”

Hypotheses S. 72-74

„… Table 5: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup FramesCounterframes Countering …” „… formulate hypotheses for the selectionof frames by peace operations. The two groups delineated in the …” „… , and normative/programmatic frames appear more likely in periods of relative stability.H1a: If peace …”

Critical Periods during UNMIL’s tenure S. 259-261

„… an uneasy peace. Nevertheless, inthe days after UNMIL started a cordon and search operation in …” „… close cooperationwith the UN Country Team and other partners – towards peacebuilding and development.581 …” „… are also a number of projects funded bythe Peacebuilding Commission, for which UNMIL had developed an …”

Framing the Elections 2006: Press Briefings and Frames S. 299-301

„… the law, and offered a general message of peace.” UNMIL PB, 11 November2005: 1.751 UNMIK PR, 12 …” „… peaceful manner.”748 At the same press briefing, UN-MIL issued strong warnings against any kind of spoilers …”

Assessing Frames 2004/2005 S. 235-238

„… responsibility of Kosovar leaders to maintain peace and stability, and that the implementation ofstandards would …” „… even more difficult, thefirst Kosovo-wide elections were peacefully held. The process of establishing …”

Fourth Step: Structured and Focused Comparison of Hypotheses and Frame Selection S. 94-97

„… below. The same is valid for the peace and progress frames.This increases the conceptual breadth for …” „… presence of the peace operation).Table 11: Merging FramesPrototypical Frames Frames in UNMIK, 2007 …” „… + MaturityCooperation CooperationMandate / International norms -Progress -+ Peace- Independence- International …”

Assessing Hypotheses for UNMIBH S. 163-168

„… indicatesthat programmatic and normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases …” „… peace operations, did hardlyplay any role in UNMIBH’s public information strategies. I therefore …” „… to the fundamental research question of this thesis isthat UNMIBH – as a multidimensional peace …”

Framing Standards in Kosovo S. 201-204

„… crimes and contributing to peace.396 SRSG Steiner, in a speech broadcasted via TV, appealed toall …” „… guaranteed the right to peacefulprotest382, several demonstrations not complying with the informal rules of …”

Kosovo S. 334-335

„… task for UN peace operations of7.1.2334running an entire country, responses to local expectations and …” „… negotiated, the UN was only given a minor role in implementing peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina: it was to take …” „… to general results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on …”

Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 335

„… minor role in implementing peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina: it was to take responsibility for police …” „… results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on Framing and Peace …” „… detail, they refer to the impact different situational factors on theability of peace operations to …”

Mixing Methods: Frame Analysis and Process Tracing S. 344-345

„… based on qualitative datain peace operations. Therefore, a more exploratory method seemed to be …” „… indicates the high value of fine-grained, qualitative data on frames.For the different peace operations …” „… book, however, I presented the value of this tool for analysingorganizational framing of UN peace …”

Tables S. 19-22

„… Table 3: Events on the Local Level 65Table 4: Frames and Expected Resonance in UN Peace Operations 69 …” „… Table 5: Groups of Frames in UN Peace Operations 72Table 6: Summary of Hypotheses 78Table 7: Independent …” „… and Dependent Variables 80Table 8: Groups of Frames in UN Peace Operations 91Table 9: Frames in UN …”

UNMIL’s Mandate S. 256-259

„… – majorparts of international efforts towards bringing peace to Liberia. The UN forceshould furthermore support …” „… peace and security as well as counteringattempts, which could destabilize the situation through its …” „… thePeace Agreement in Accra. However, the factions declined this. However, the absence ofan executive …”

Frames Over Time S. 163

„… indicatesthat programmatic and normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases …” „… peace operations, did hardlyplay any role in UNMIBH’s public information strategies. I therefore …” „… to the fundamental research question of this thesis isthat UNMIBH – as a multidimensional peace …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 289-293

„… in the Monroviariots in 2004.Both incidents, however, showed how easy the peace process in Liberia …” „… promoting peace andsecurity as a main message to the Liberian population. In a way, this was also amessage …” „… towards the expectations of theLiberian population, including peace and security.HMainb: Partly confirmed …”

Second Step: Tracing Frames in the Empirical Material S. 91-92

„… typically selected by peace operations. Furthermore, I combined the frames intolarger clusters of …” „… frames as depicted in Table 8.Table 8: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup FramesCounterframes …” „… laid out in Chapter 2. An excerpt of Table 4 is shown belowin Table 9.Table 9: Frames in UN Peace …”

Independent Variables S. 278-284

„… Towards Peace? The Monrovia Riots 2004Independent VariablesKind of PeriodSince the restart of the …” „… situation as well. EspeciallyLURD660, but also MODEL and GoL forces attempted to disrupt the peace …” „… facilities and staff for intelligence operations, acommon problem in UN peace operations (UNMIL Police 2004 c …”

Four Steps S. 85-87

„… strategicframe selection by peace operations.Looking for processes is easier when a set of variables and scope …” „… material.3.485Four StepsIn order to trace framing processes in peace operations across various cases, I …” „… furtheron each step.First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace OperationsBefore starting …”

Third Step: Refining Causal Mechanisms by Iteration Between Theory and Data S. 92-94

„… below. The same is valid for the peace and progress frames.This increases the conceptual breadth for …” „… presence of the peace operation).Table 11: Merging FramesPrototypical Frames Frames in UNMIK, 2007 …” „… + MaturityCooperation CooperationMandate / International norms -Progress -+ Peace- Independence- International …”

What is Framing? S. 56-58

„… Entman 1993). Therefore, a large number of the frames namedabove will be applicable to research on peace …” „… a target audience perceivesissues, problems, and recommendations. The speaker – in our case, a peace …” „… is costly because it requires more work, for public information and perception of the peace …”

Media in Kosovo and Public Information S. 175-177

„… spokespersons from UNMIK,OSCE, the EU, and KFOR. This is different to other peace operations, in which thepolice …” „… mandate.Inevitably, the setup phase always presents a critical period for UN peace operations.304 For security, UNMIK …” „… start-up phases of peace operations are often crucial for establishing credibilityfrom the outset (as …”

Independent Variables S. 124-132

„… Licensing Commission was also discussed at the Peace Implementation Council in Bonn. Despite the fact that …” „… far fromlikely, the mutual lack of trust was a realistic threat to the peace process in Bosnia,and the …” „… do this come from meeting of the Peace Implementation Council.The powers, for instance, for …”

Planning Towards Exit: Framing in 2001 S. 148-156

„… inter-ethnic Bosnian military contingent for UN peace operations.262 Police Commissioner Coeurderoy was …” „… the question of prosecutionof UN peacekeepers before the ICC had been resolved, the mandate was …” „… concernabout the risk of ‘political prosecutions’ of its peacekeepers before the International Criminal Court …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 274-278

„… appeals to the factionsin October and November to stop skirmishes and keep peace, as well as the …” „… to be as inclusive as possible – to counter those, whoseriously sought to derail the peace …” „… /2004/430, 26 May 2004, para 17.277Towards Peace? The Monrovia Riots 2004Independent VariablesKind of …”

UNMIK between 2001 and 2005 S. 177-179

„… always presents a critical period for UN peace operations.304 For security, UNMIK largely depended on …” „… UNMIK had remained the same. Therefore, a5.2304 Although the start-up phases of peace operations are …”

Frames Over Time S. 325-328

„… (Percentages, 2003-2007)UNMIL’s framing strategy showed clearly the main phases of a peace operation:first, a …” „… percent of all frames – a valuehardly maintained in the other peace operations under study, which could be …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 136-138

„… actors made clear thatthere was no other way of continuing this peace process. There was no …” „… the Bonn powers shows that self-perception of peace operations has an influence on framing: The more …”

Assessing Frames during the March Riots 2004 S. 221-224

„… reflection of thegeneral clarity of direction and strategy of a peace operation. Therefore, whileoverall …” „… what consequences thelack of political direction for peace operations can have. UNMIK was without …”

Illustrations S. 17-18

„… Department of UNMIL (2009), A/63/734: 98. 44Figure 3: UN Peace Operations: Levels and Actors 49Figure 4: From …”

Herding Mice: Process Tracing and Qualitative Methods S. 80-81

„… methodological steps for tracing frames in critical junctures of peace operations, with thegoal of contributing …”

Generalization in Process Tracing S. 84-85

„… on the conditions that enable or disable strategicframe selection by peace operations.Looking for …”

Excursus: UNMIBH and Political Developments 1998-2001 S. 138-139

„… self-perception of peace operations has an influence on framing: The more UNMIBH couldbe sure of its robust powers …”

Setup of Police Forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 107-108

„… componentwas integrated into the UN peace operation (Williams 1998: 61). However, OHR– as will be seen in the …”

Frames Over Time S. 240-242

„… the side of the UN peace operation. Therefore, the framesemployed are always a mirror of the relations …”

Assessing Hypotheses for UNMIK 2001-2005 S. 242-244

„… difficult as soon as peace operations take over government functions, as all failure can be directly …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 121-124

„… challenge to theagreement and the peace, we will take force robustly if necessary.”134Assessment of Framing …”

UNMIK Police in 1999 S. 173-175

„… other peace operations, in which thepolice component’s press officers often play a marginal role, often …”

Epilogue: UNOSEK and the Status Proposal 2007-2008 S. 244-248

„… difficult as soon as peace operations take over government functions, as all failure can be directly …”

Inference in Process Tracing S. 81-84

„… junctures of peace operations, with thegoal of contributing to the discussion of process-tracing methods: 1 …”

Framing a Difficult Heritage: UNMIBH’s First Year S. 117-121

„… show that anything that's a challenge to theagreement and the peace, we will take force robustly if …”

Independent Variables S. 112-117

„… peace operations,such as UNMIK.Due to his determination and leadership, Peter Fitzgerald was also able …”

Independent Variables S. 209-215

„… capacity in intelligence and analysis capacities” (HRW 2004), a problem not foreignto other peace …”

Independent Variables S. 224-230

„… for peace operations can have. UNMIK was without directions on what to do; its SRSG at the time, while …”

Independent Variables S. 139-148

„… building and Inter-Police ForceCooperationThe weakest link in the regulations of the Dayton Peace Agreement …”

Independent Variables S. 179-186

„… agree with all this. Support them. Show your determination to build a peacefulKosovo and a proud member …”

Framing the Elections 2001 S. 186-191

„… agree with all this. Support them. Show your determination to build a peacefulKosovo and a proud member …” „… call upon all the people toshow restraint and a continued commitment to peaceful co-existence here. We …” „… Police and Justice Pillar wasframed as progress, contributing to “democratic values, peaceful …”

Framing Failure: The March Riots 2004 S. 215-221

„… , the Assistant Secretary-General of the UN for peacekeeping, Jean-Marie Guéhenno, visited Kosovoand …”

Structured and Focused Comparison of Independent Variables S. 324-325

„… order to push forward the peacebuilding component of UNMIL, a peacebuilding strategy was drafted in late …” „… Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) in 2007. Furthermore, the UNDAF and PRS were adoptedduring the course of 2007 and 2008 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845232652

Michel Erpelding, Burkhard Hess, Hélène Ruiz Fabri - Peace Through Law

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Michel Erpelding (ed.), Burkhard Hess (ed.), Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed.)

Peace Through Law

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 16 2019

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Michel Erpelding Introduction: Versailles and the Broadening of ‘Peace Through Law’ S. 11-28

„… Introduction: Versailles and the Broadening of ‘Peace Through Law’ Michel Erpelding* On 9 May 1919 …” „… , founded in 1870, or the French Association de la Paix par le Droit (‘Peace through Law Association …” „… awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, both for his having negotiated peace between Russia and Japan in 1905 and …”

Jennifer Balint, Neal Haslem, Kirsten Haydon Chapter 14 The Work of Peace: World War One, Justice and Translation Through Art S. 337-354

„… The Work of Peace: World War One, Justice and Translation Through Art Jennifer Balint* / Neal …” „… to do with law and the records of war? In considering the ‘peace through law’ offered by the Treaty …” „… of Versailles, the peace treaty that formally ended the First World War, alongside the records of the …”

Christian J Tams Chapter 10 Peace Through International Adjudication: The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Post-War Order S. 215-238

„… nineteenth-century faith [still strongly felt during Hague Peace conference, CJT] in the peacekeeping ability of an …” „… Part 4: The Institutionalization of International Adjudication Peace Through International …” „… * Introduction That ‘peace’ should be sought ‘through law’ is one of international law’s prominent themes. Over …”

Marta Requejo Isidro, Burkhard Hess Chapter 11 International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of 1919–1922 S. 239-276

„… with regard to the peace treaties.178 In the political tensions of 1930s, the idea of a peaceful …” „… International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of …” „… 1919–1922 Marta Requejo Isidro* / Burkhard Hess** Origins and Legal Framework Private Rights in the Peace …”

Michael D Callahan Chapter 3 Preventing a Repetition of the Great War: Responding to International Terrorism in the 1930s S. 85-98

„… threatened the peace of Europe. France supported Yugoslavia; Italy the Hungarians. In the background were …” „… peace and security.’2 These central aims were in fact accomplished in 1934, an achievement that …” „… it possible for states to adopt a unanimous resolution that preserved the peace that all sides wanted …”

León Castellanos-Jankiewicz Chapter 5 Negotiating Equality: Minority Protection in the Versailles Settlement S. 123-156

„… Fourteen Points. Speaking at the plenary of the Paris Peace Conference, he stressed that a peaceful …” „… States President Woodrow Wilson, whose democratic outlook set the tone of the 1919 Paris peace conference …” „… Nations Covenant. Wartime Mistreatment of Minorities Soon after the Versailles Peace Conference opened on …”

Guy Fiti Sinclair Chapter 6 Managing the ‘Workers Threat’: Preventing Revolution Through the International Labour Organization S. 157-182

„… , Victoria University of Wellington Faculty of Law. Thanks to the organizers of the ‘Peace Through Law: The …” „… Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After WWI’ Conference held at the Max Planck Luxembourg in …” „… member of the Commission on International Labour Legislation at the Paris Peace Conference and as the …”

Nathaniel Berman Chapter 1 Drama Through Law: The Versailles Treaty and the Casting of the Modern International Stage S. 29-64

„… of Peace-through-Law stands before the journal’s readers. From the distance of more than a century …” „… a campaign of Peace-through- Law as something that comes after war: first to disarm the warriors …” „… , law/passion, and peace/violence—do not suit the complex story of Upper Silesia after the War, as …”

Thomas D Grant Chapter 2 The League of Nations as a Universal Organization S. 65-84

„… , concerning admission of new members, does not distinguish between different types of ‘peace-loving states …” „… Part 2: The Establishment of a New International Order of Peace The League of Nations as a …” „… incorporated into each of them. The Covenant was, figuratively speaking, a long preamble to the peace itself—or …”

Herbert Kronke Chapter 7 The Role of Private International Law: UNIDROIT and the Geneva Conventions on Arbitration S. 183-192

„… universally beneficial commercial exchange. As I used to tell visitors, this historic peace-making and …” „… and, following its catastrophic outcome, the quest for peace. For many post-WWI lawyers, one of the …” „… main functions of harmonized law was to build and maintain this peace by fostering an orderly and …”

Michel Erpelding Chapter 12 Local International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia S. 277-322

„… peace and guarantee the safety of the Inter-Allied Government and Plebiscite Commission of Upper Silesia …” „… decisions of the Commission shall be taken by a majority vote.’ Treaty of Peace between the Allied and …” „… )’ in Bahlcke/Gawrecki/Kaczmarek (n 6) 290, 296–97. Michel Erpelding 280 devised at the Peace Conference …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… The Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After World War I Peace Through Law Michel …” „… _HC.indd 2 08.02.19 11:10 Michel Erpelding | Burkhard Hess Hélène Ruiz Fabri (eds.) Peace Through Law …” „… The Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After World War I Nomos BUT_Erpelding_5754-1 …”

Mamadou Hébié, Paula Baldini Miranda da Cruz Chapter 4 The Legacy of the Mandates System of the League of Nations S. 99-122

„… underlying the consecration of these two principles during the peace conferences, as well as its …” „… Nations. Except for the case of debellatio,2 where ‘[a] peace treaty [was] not needed nor customary nor …” „… conclusion of a peace treaty.4 Established as a requirement since the 1713 Utrecht Peace Treaty,5 the …”

Didier Boden Chapter 13 Resistance Through Law: Belgian Judges and the Relations Between Occupied State and Occupying Power S. 323-336

„… Part 5: Beyond ‘Peace Through Law’: The Use of Law and Its Records as Vehicles of Resistance and …” „… these consequences, war may turn law from an instrument of peace and reconciliation into an instrument …” „… Peace Treaty nor the League of Nations made much of this experience, since their priorities were to …”

Jean-Louis Halpérin Chapter 8 Article 231 of the Versailles Treaty and Reparations: The Reparation Commission as a Place for Dispute Settlement? S. 193-204

„… British Enlargement During the Peace Conference, the British proposed first to include the war costs in …” „… Frankfurt Peace Treaty.6 Nevertheless, it was decided to include into reparations the pensions paid to war …” „… Trachtenberg, ‘Reparations at the Peace Paris Conference’ (1979) 51 The Journal of Modern History 24. Chapter 8 …”

Pierre d’Argent Chapter 9 The Conversion of Reparations into Sovereign Debts (1920–1953) S. 205-214

„… a treaty that was imagined to be a founding stone of a lasting peace. However, there is only so much …” „… sort of monster that politicians and diplomats, turned legislators of peace, had invented. Indeed, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167

David Remmert - The Effects of International Peace Missions on Corruption

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David Remmert

The Effects of International Peace Missions on Corruption

Series: Schriften zur Governance-Forschung

Volume 28 2019

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5. How International Peace Missions Enable and Constrain Corruption S. 125-338

„… annotated 5. How International Peace Missions Enable and Constrain Corruption 128 Type of peace-mission …” „… missions (type ++), i.e. an enforcement and/or multidimensional peace-mission mandate, and aid dependence …” „… the corruption and peacekeeping literatures. Peace missions in this rubric provide the most intrusive …”

1. The Vicious Cycle of Conflict and Bad Governance S. 23-36

„… Security Council, prompting the proliferation of international peacekeeping. Over 120 peace missions have …” „… study, I am using the terms international peace mission, peace operation, peacekeeping, and …” „… peacebuilding synonymously. For a formal definition of international peace missions see chapter 3.2.1. 6 Cf …”

6. Summary S. 339-360

„… managed to get all conflict parties to comply with peace agreements, but peacebuilding activities in the …” „… peace-mission effectiveness, which expects higher levels of effectiveness with higher levels of coercive …” „… the effect of multiple simultaneous peace missions.468 Qualitative peacebuilding research, by contrast …”

3. Mission Intrusiveness: Towards A Theoretical Framework S. 62-95

„… of peace-mission personnel as well as its size. 103 The peacekeeping and peacebuilding literature …” „… peacekeeping, most studies do not provide a definition of what constitutes a peace mission. I will define an …” „… ”), multidimensional peacekeeping (“designed to implement a comprehensive negotiated peace agreement (…), includes a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… peacekeeping literature has produced robust findings on how international peace missions effectively prevent …” „… corruption (2014) 127 Table 5.3: Type of peace-mission mandates and aid dependence during IPM exposure 129 …” „… The Effects of International Peace Missions on Corruption David Remmert Schriften zur …”

4. Bridging The Gap: Research Methodology S. 96-124

„… peacebuilding”, expressing the notion that peace requires the establishment and strengthening of political and …” „… (“dummy”) variable for peace-mission exposure that I applied to the dataset containing all states listed …” „… ) includes peace missions as of 1978. On the prevalence of the liberal peacebuilding paradigm see Campbell et …”

2. Corruption, Conflict and Intervention Reviewed S. 37-61

„… peace missions: the view from below A second stream of literature on peacekeeping and peacebuilding …” „… multidimensional peace missions, which also engage in political peacebuilding (e.g. by facilitating elections …” „… vein, the comparative research literature on peacekeeping lacks evidence on the effects of peace …”

Annex A: References S. 361-410

„… peacekeeping leaves behind: evaluating the effects of multi-dimensional peace operations in Africa, in …” „… , David/Sabaratnam, Meera (ed.) 2011: A Liberal Peace? The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding, London: Zed Books …” „… , Håvard/Hultman, Lisa/Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv 2011: Evaluating the conflictreducing effect of UN peace-keeping …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298658

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Ignasi Torrent

Entangled Peace

2021

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4 Entangled Peace and Its Limits S. 57-78

5 Peacebuilding distories and the Ethical Quandary S. 79-94

doi.org/10.5771/9781538150771

Reiner Meyer - Reconciliation in der Post-Konfliktphase

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Reiner Meyer

Reconciliation in der Post-Konfliktphase

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 11 2007

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Inhalte des peace-building S. 23-26

„… , die systematische Zusammenführung von peace-enforcement bis hin zu peace-building in all seinen …” „… 23 3.2 Inhalte des peace-building Die thematische Bandbreite in dem oder mit dem peace-building zu …” „… arbeiten hat, ist sehr vielschichtig. So zielt peace-building sowohl auf die politischen, wirtschaftlichen …”

Reconciliation und peace-building S. 26-29

„… 26 3.3 Reconciliation und peace-building In der aktuellen Beobachtung des Irak wird des Öfteren von …” „… Fragestellungen möchte ich in dieser Arbeit weiter diskutieren. Im Zuge von peace-building und reconciliation ist …” „… erfolgreichen peace-building, welches stabile und langfristige Lösungen anstrebt. Nach Peter Batchelor und Kees …”

Peace-building versus Stabilität S. 128-132

„… 128 8.8 Peace-building versus Stabilität Eine weitere Möglichkeit wie mit diesen Fragen und …” „… Fragen des peace-building und der damit verbundenen Bereiche, immer wieder neu ausgehandelt werden müssen …” „… eigenen freien Mittel, Instrumente und Militärkräfte verfügt, um vom peace-keeping hin zum …”

Peace-building und die UN S. 20-23

„… preventive diplomacy (vorbeugende Diplomatie), peacemaking (Frieden schaffen) und peace-keeping als die …” „… 20 3. Reconciliation im Kontext von nation-, state- und peace-building Der Aspekt reconciliation …” „… hierbei besonders im Bereich der Post-Konflikt-Phase eingebaut werden kann. 3.1 Peace-building und die UN …”

Peace-building und reconciliation in der Zukunft S. 120-128

„… 120 8.7 Peace-building und reconciliation in der Zukunft Ein wichtiger Vordenker für Themen der …” „… Mißerfolg einer UN, EU oder USA Mission mit dem Ziel peace-building oder state-building nicht allein vom …” „… ergibt sich aus der bisher dargestellten Thematik des peace-building und reconciliation für die weitere …”

Reconciliation in Verbindung mit peace, security, coexistence, relationship und trust S. 76-78

„… Spanien nach dem Tod Francos 1976 verfolgt. 5.6 Reconciliation in Verbindung mit peace, security …” „… Bereiche „peace, security, coexistence, relationship und trust“ diskutieren. Diese werden in den oben …” „… angeführten Definitionen von reconciliation des Öfteren angeführt. Unter peace, dem Frieden, wird nicht nur im …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 143-174

„… Peacebuilding, New York 2002 Jeong, Ho-Won, Expanding peacekeeping functions for peace operations, In …” „… Dilemmas of Peace-makers and Peacebuilders, United Nations member, o.O., o.J. Mass, Peter, The Way of the …” „… : Peace without Politics?, In: International Peacekeeping, Chandler, David, ed., Peace without Politics …”

Conclusio S. 137-142

„… des Themas vom klassischen peace-keeping hin zu peace-enforcement und eines peace-building untersucht …” „… nicht fähig ist, universal ein von peace-enforcement, über peacekepping hin zu peace-building angelegtes …” „… einem peace-enforcement bis hin zu einem erfolgreichen peace-building mit Hilfe der EU, der UN oder den …”

Einleitung S. 9-12

„… einfach, wenn es heißt, dass es zu peace-building und conflict transformation eine bestimmte Anzahl von „D …” „… Einsätzen (friedenserhaltende, stabilisierende), heute besonders peace-building (Friedensaufbau) und sogar …” „… reconciliation in den konkreten Rahmenbedingungen des nation-, state- und peace-building. In der Folge gilt es …”

Die historische Genese S. 106-110

„… Quo Situation absichert. Es bedurfte neuer Konzepte wie dem peace-making, oder dem peace-enforcement …” „… allgemeine Konzepte des peace-building und den daraus resultierenden Anforderungen wurden lange Jahre nicht …” „… Bekenntnis dazu, was erreicht werden soll und kann. Die in den neunziger Jahren entstandenen peace-building …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… internationalen Politik 13 3. Reconciliation im Kontext von nation-, state- und peace-building 20 3.1 …” „… Peace-building und die UN 20 3.2 Inhalte des peace-building 23 3.3 Reconciliation und peace-building 26 4 …” „… zwischen Theorie und realpolitischen Interessen 116 8.7 Peace-building und reconciliation in der Zukunft …”

Weitere reconciliation Definitionen / Konzepte S. 48-54

„… peace-building Prozesses zu verstehen und als keine eigenen Phase, Element oder extra Thematisierung. Karen …” „… notwendig um einen „stable and lasting peace“ zu gewährleisten, welcher auf einer gegenseitigen Wahrnehmung …” „… , Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University Sweden 2005, S.58 122 zitiert nach Brounés, S …”

Reconciliation im Kontext der internationalen Politik S. 13-19

„… , Wahlen etc. ganz zu schweigen. Derartiges ist in aktuellen Krisenszenarien und Fragen des peace-building …” „… die Bedeutung des Themas peace-building verdeutlicht. Darin erfolgt eine detaillierte Ausarbeitung der …” „… angesprochen, wollte sich die US Regierung mit der Thematik reconstruction und peace-building nicht ernsthaft …”

Reconciliation und die Frage der Umsetzung S. 92-94

„… Strategie der internationalen Staatenwelt für peace-buildimg oder state-building herangezogen werden kann …” „… peace-promoting effects, but more systematic research needs to be done before determining its utility. At a …” „… Wert hat, dieser aber äusserst limitiert und seine Auswirkung auf peace-building ungeklärt sei.206 6.7 …”

Jean-Paul Lederachs reconciliation Konzept S. 40-48

„… acceptable. It is a way, then, of advancing peace and, optimally, justice as well. […] be a feature of a …” „… , Pamela, Turbulent Peace, Washington D.C. 2001, S.842 41 Die zentralen Begriffe sind hier relationship …” „… dies im Psalm 85 Vers 10: „Truth and mercy have met together; peace and justice have kissed.“105 …”

Louise Kriesbergs reconciliation Konzept S. 37-40

„… advancing peace and, optimally, justice as well. […] be a feature of a peaceful and just relationship.”86 …” „… Koexistenz stehen die Begriffe „peace, justice, reconciliation und coexistence“ im Zentrum.68 Kriesberg …” „… unterscheidet unter peace (Frieden) zunächst einmal zwischen der auf Galtung basierenden Definition von …”

Human security versus energy security S. 132-136

„… , welche das in den neunziger Jahren entstandenen peace-building oder state-building durch eine UN oder der …” „… peace-building und die privaten Militär- und Sicherheitsorganisationen oder Unternehmen (PMC) beschäftigen sich …” „… Umgangs mit „failed oder weak states“, des peace-building, state-building oder des …”

Das Element der Wahrheit S. 90-92

„… insbesondere für eine Strategie der internationalen Staatenwelt für peace-buildimg oder state-building …” „… societies may have some peace-promoting effects, but more systematic research needs to be done before …” „… Wert hat, dieser aber äusserst limitiert und seine Auswirkung auf peace-building ungeklärt sei.206 6.7 …”

Die sprachliche, religiöse und kulturelle Analyse S. 80-84

„… im Kontext eines aktiven peace-building, statebuilding bzw. Gestaltung der Post-Konfliktphase noch zu …” „… unterschiedliche Bedeutungen und Vorstellungen. Will man reconciliation als Teil einer globalen peace-building …” „… auf Begrifflichkeiten in einem peace-building Konzept einigen, aber für die Probleme der detaillierten …”

Die Schwierigkeiten in der Umsetzung S. 111-113

„… Peace-building Commission, in deren Aufgabenbereich auch die Thematik reconciliation genannt wird. Von der …” „… reconciliation leicht mit Hilfe internationaler Peace-keeping Trup- 208 vgl. Galtung, Johan, After Violence …” „… reviewing the peace-building sector of development cooperation practice in a range of key Western donor …”

Reconciliation als Thema der Hilfsorganisationen S. 113-116

„… Smith’s Utstein Study (2004), in reviewing the peace-building sector of development cooperation practice …” „… verschiedenen Aktivitäten erlaubt ist. Dies setzt natürlich voraus, dass ein peace-building angestrebt wird und …” „… erfolgreichen post-conflict-peace-building Strategien und der ernsthaften Umsetzung von reconciliation. Die …”

Reconciliation und forgiveness S. 73-76

„… Tod Francos 1976 verfolgt. 5.6 Reconciliation in Verbindung mit peace, security, coexistence …” „… forgiveness, möchte ich noch die im Zusammenhang mit reconciliation immer wieder genannten Bereiche „peace …” „… Definitionen von reconciliation des Öfteren angeführt. Unter peace, dem Frieden, wird nicht nur im Sinne …”

Reconciliation und justice S. 56-61

„… peace-building, aber es ist nicht allein für reconciliation verantwortlich und es ist auch nicht als Synonym für …” „… “ als eine der vier Säulen des peace-building. Leebaw führt dazu an, dass Methoden und Interessen von …” „… stage of peace building and therefore it is very difficult to be reached.“140 Die Thematisierung von …”

Reconciliation zwischen Theorie und realpolitischen Interessen S. 116-120

„… Kongo Wahl 2006 - praktizierte Vorgehensweise eines peace-building, indem man zuerst nationale Wahlen …” „… : International Herald Tribune, July 23, 2003, S.5 120 8.7 Peace-building und reconciliation in der Zukunft Ein …” „… Mißerfolg einer UN, EU oder USA Mission mit dem Ziel peace-building oder state-building nicht allein vom …”

Liberia S. 101-102

„… , ohne Seitenangabe „While the peace agreement provides for a truth and reconciliation commission, the …” „… oder Jakarta nicht kooperiere.“ Thakur, Ramesh, East Timor. When peace and justice collide, In …” „… . peacekeeping mission in Congo says] Election should be a time of national unity and reconciliation.” 7.9 …”

Reconciliation als Thema der neunziger Jahre S. 110-111

„… bezeichnet wurde.210 Ebenso verfährt die neu geschaffene UN Peace-building Commission, in deren …” „… internationaler Peace-keeping Trup- 208 vgl. Galtung, Johan, After Violence, Reconstruction, Reconciliation, and …”

Johann Galtungs reconciliation Konzept S. 34-37

„… liegt hier nun „the road to peace“55, aber ohne Musterlösung und als ein sehr komplexes Schema. Für …” „… bad relation. The process prepares the parties for relations with justice and peace. “66 Nach Galtung …” „… Konzept zu reconciliation und Koexistenz stehen die Begriffe „peace, justice, reconciliation und …”

Kolumbien S. 101

„… , ohne Seitenangabe „While the peace agreement provides for a truth and reconciliation commission, the …” „… . peacekeeping mission in Congo says] Election should be a time of national unity and reconciliation.” 7.9 …”

Kongo S. 101

„… , ohne Seitenangabe „While the peace agreement provides for a truth and reconciliation commission, the …” „… . peacekeeping mission in Congo says] Election should be a time of national unity and reconciliation.” 7.9 …”

Thailand S. 103-104

„… 103 7.12 Papua Blair, Dennis C. & Phillips, David L., Peace in Papua. Autonomy will keep Indonesia …” „… Finds Ugandans Favor Peace With Justice, http://www. istc.org vom 25/07/2005 „Survey respondents …” „… .” Blue, Laura, Warding off the evils of civil war, In: Time, September 11, 2006, S.19 „And now that peace …”

Uganda S. 104

„… 104 7.15 Uganda Grego, Suzana, New Study Finds Ugandans Favor Peace With Justice, http://www …” „… , September 11, 2006, S.19 „And now that peace is slowly returning to the region, traditional Acholi beliefs …”

Quintessenz S. 104

„… 104 7.15 Uganda Grego, Suzana, New Study Finds Ugandans Favor Peace With Justice, http://www …” „… , September 11, 2006, S.19 „And now that peace is slowly returning to the region, traditional Acholi beliefs …”

Gespräche, e-mail Austausch und Konferenzteilnahmen S. 175

„… Wien Brounés, Dr. Karen, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala Univ., Telefonat am …” „… & Peace in memory of Arieh Zvi Frankenthal, Jerusalem, am 23/05/2005 in Wien Kelman, Dr. Herbert, Richard …”

Irak S. 99-101

„… : International Herald Tribune, February 6, 2004, ohne Seitenangabe „While the peace agreement provides for a …” „… in Africa and head of the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Congo says] Election should be a time of …”

Osttimor S. 102-103

„… oder Jakarta nicht kooperiere.“ Thakur, Ramesh, East Timor. When peace and justice collide, In …” „… , David L., Peace in Papua. Autonomy will keep Indonesia together, In: International Herald Tribune, May …”

Allgemeine Anmerkungen S. 55-56

„… Verbindung von reconciliation werden immer wieder die Aspekte peace, justice, und truth angeführt. Daneben …” „… believe that reconciliation is the highest stage of peace building and therefore it is very difficult to …”

Sprachliche Annäherung S. 30-34

„… Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia 1995-2004, Department of Peace and Conflict …” „… Reconciliation, Cambridge/Massachusetts 2003 34 vgl. Jakobsson Hatay, Ann-Sofie, Peacebuilding and …”

Afghanistan S. 95-98

„… 95 7. Beispiele der Konfliktberichterstattung im Zusammenhang mit reconciliation, peace- und …” „… head of Afghanistan’s peace and reconciliation commission offered amnesty for all rebel fighting U.S …”

Papua S. 103

„… 103 7.12 Papua Blair, Dennis C. & Phillips, David L., Peace in Papua. Autonomy will keep Indonesia …”

Sierra Leone S. 103

„… 103 7.12 Papua Blair, Dennis C. & Phillips, David L., Peace in Papua. Autonomy will keep Indonesia …”

Nigeria S. 102

„… oder Jakarta nicht kooperiere.“ Thakur, Ramesh, East Timor. When peace and justice collide, In …”

Der Begriff und Inhalt von reconciliation S. 105-106

„… Kontext von Konflikten steht, wie es sich mit der Thematik peace-, state- oder nation-building verhält und …”

Analyse des Aspektes justice S. 84-85

„… anyone who seeks to build sustainable peace.”193 Auch unter der Annahme, dass es einen …”

Das Modell der Wahrheitskommission S. 61-71

„… Peacebuilding: Curb the Enthusiasm?, In: International Studies Review, Vol.6, No.3, September 2004, S.359 …”

Reconciliation und truth S. 71-73

„… Peacebuilding: Curb the Enthusiasm?, In: International Studies Review, Vol.6, No.3, September 2004, S.359 72 …”

Analyse des psychologischen Aspektes S. 85-88

„… , Peacebuilding and Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia 1995-2004, S.55f 197 Eindrücke …” „… Erfahrungen des letzten Jahrzehntes und dem permanenten 198 vgl. Jakobsson Hatay, Ann-Sofie, Peacebuilding …”

Die Analyse der Akteure S. 88-90

„… Erfahrungen des letzten Jahrzehntes und dem permanenten 198 vgl. Jakobsson Hatay, Ann-Sofie, Peacebuilding …”

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