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Bernd Allekotte, Klara Goldbach, Jens Hammer, Steven M. Zeman, Franz-Josef Zimmer - Protecting and Enforcing Life Science Inventions in Europe

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Bernd Allekotte, Klara Goldbach, Jens Hammer, Steven M. Zeman, Franz-Josef Zimmer

Protecting and Enforcing Life Science Inventions in Europe

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Life Science Matter S. 20-21

„… for plant Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 19 09.12.2014 10:29:32 2 A. Life Science Matter protection …” „… concerning the human body and its elements. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 20 09.12.2014 10:29:32 …” „… A. Life Science Matter A.I. Summary of historical development Life science inventions are among the …”

Protectable Matter in the Life Sciences S. 90-361

„… allowable (purpose-limited product claim) (see Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 89 09.12.2014 10:29:33 72 D …” „… specific purpose. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 90 09.12.2014 10:29:33 D.I. Small Molecules and Polymers …” „… x (I) y R3JG L M W R2 R 4 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 91 09.12.2014 10:29:33 74 D. Protectable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-19

„… Europe Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 1 09.12.2014 10:29:31 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 2 09.12.2014 …” „… , completely revised and updated, 2015 C.H. Beck · Hart Nomos · Helbing Lichtenhahn Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf …” „… C.H.BECK under their address mentioned above. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 4 09.12.2014 10:29:32 Preface …”

General Aspects on Protection S. 26-89

„… the human body given in Rule 23(e)(2) Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 25 09.12.2014 10:29:32 8 C …” „… quantifying means that include a computing device […] (see Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 26 09.12.2014 …” „… Life Sciences.pdf 27 09.12.2014 10:29:32 10 C. General Aspects on Protection or morality. Indeed …”

Patent Infringement S. 362-411

„… where either no patent protection exists or Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 361 09.12.2014 10:29:39 344 …” „… Life Sciences.pdf 362 09.12.2014 10:29:39 E.I. Introduction 345 cases). Leaving minor differences …” „… ua Life Sciences.pdf 363 09.12.2014 10:29:39 346 E. Patent Infringement Patentee can enjoin …”

Index S. 462-473

„… claims 46 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 461 09.12.2014 10:29:41 444 Index Second medical use claim …” „… parts of plants 295 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 462 09.12.2014 10:29:41 Index 445 Use claims …” „… Budapest treaty 39 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 463 09.12.2014 10:29:41 446 Index Formal requirements …”

Legal Provisions S. 22-25

„… (paragraph Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 21 09.12.2014 10:29:32 4 B. Legal Provisions (a)), plant or animal …” „… Art. 164(1) EPC (see Annex 1), the “Protocol Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 22 09.12.2014 10:29:32 …” „… use. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 23 09.12.2014 10:29:32 6 B. Legal Provisions A further pediatric …”

Annex 10 Register of cited decisions S. 453-461

„… (Fusion proteins/HARVARD) [43, 146] T 261/89 (–/MERCK & CO., INC.) [224] Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 452 …” „… antibody therapy/ORTHO) [191] Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 453 09.12.2014 10:29:41 436 ANNEX 10 T 512/94 …” „… 1099/99 (Filamentous fungi/GENENCOR) [221] Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 454 09.12.2014 10:29:41 …”

Annex 8 EU and international regulations relating to plant varieties S. 440-451

„… - Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 439 09.12.2014 10:29:41 422 ANNEX 7 plication of a product, and which is …” „… concerning the same product. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 440 09.12.2014 10:29:41 ANNEX 8 EU and …” „… Life Sciences.pdf 441 09.12.2014 10:29:41 424 ANNEX 8 Article 6 Protectable varieties Community …”

Annex 3 EPC: Rules – Biological sequences S. 421-428

„… form and on paper are identical. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 420 09.12.2014 10:29:40 Rules relating …” „… concerning the filing of sequence listings (Special edi- Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 421 09.12.2014 …” „… Life Sciences.pdf 422 09.12.2014 10:29:40 Rules relating to Biotechnological Inventions …”

Annexes Annex 1 EPC: Articles S. 412-418

„… decisions of the Enlarged Board of Appeal G 3/98, G 2/99 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 412 09.12.2014 …” „… the claims. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 414 09.12.2014 10:29:40 Protocol on the Interpretation of …” „… right of priority. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 415 09.12.2014 10:29:40 398 ANNEX 1 (5) If the first …”

Annex 6 EU-Directive 98/44/EC – Biotech Directive S. 434-437

„… ) essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 433 …” „… other biological material derived from the directly obtained biologi- Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 434 …” „… in a patent Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 435 09.12.2014 10:29:41 418 ANNEX 6 application in such a …”

Annex 4 EPC: Rules – Biological deposits S. 429-431

„… Life Sciences.pdf 428 09.12.2014 10:29:41 Rules relating to Biotechnological Inventions …” „… patent application or of the European patent. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 430 09.12.2014 10:29:41 …” „… Sciences.pdf 429 09.12.2014 10:29:41 412 ANNEX 4 pean patent has expired in all the designated States …”

Annex 5 EPC: Rules – Form of claims S. 432-433

„… … of the description”, or “as illustrated in figure … of the drawings”. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf …” „… decisions of the Enlarged Board of Appeal G 2/03, G 1/04 Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 432 09.12.2014 …”

Annex 2 EPC: Rules – Patentability S. 419-420

„… ; Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 418 09.12.2014 10:29:40 Rules relating to Biotechnological Inventions …” „… Sciences.pdf 419 09.12.2014 10:29:40 …” „… a partial sequence of a gene must be disclosed in the patent application. Zimmer ua Life …”

Annex 7 EU Regulations on SPCs (Medicinal products/Plant protection products) S. 438-439

„… may be administered to human Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf 437 09.12.2014 10:29:41 420 ANNEX 7 …” „… Life Sciences.pdf 438 09.12.2014 10:29:41 …”

Annex 9 Bolar Directives S. 452

„… rights or to supplementary protection certificates for medicinal products. Zimmer ua Life Sciences.pdf …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845262567

Patricia A. Gwozdz - Homo academicus goes Pop

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Patricia A. Gwozdz

Homo academicus goes Pop

2016

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DAS POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FELD DER ›LIFE SCIENCES‹ S. 321-614

„… TEIL III DAS POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FELD DER ›LIFE SCIENCES‹ Ein kritischer Streifzug 323 …” „… unhistorischen Objekten zu tun habe (ebd., 190f.). DAS POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FELD DER ›LIFE SCIENCES‹ 326 …” „… »evolutionary biology« erst ermöglicht wurde (ebd., 150). DAS POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FELD DER ›LIFE SCIENCES …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… der Life Sciences in Populärwissenschaft und Literatur Patricia A. Gwozdz Homo academicus goes Pop …” „… Patricia A. Gwozdz Homo academicus goes Pop Zur Kritik der Life Sciences in Populärwissenschaft und …” „… der ›life sciences‹ Atlantis 1859–1995: Imperium …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 879-908

„… Life . Writings on Science from J . B . S . Haldane. Hg. v. Krishna R. Dronamraju. New York: Oxford …” „… ): Ivan Pavlov . A Russian Life in Science . New York: Oxford University Press. Tooby, John; Cosmides …” „… Representation . Exploring the Cultural Meaning of the Natural Sciences in Contemporary Popular Science Writing …”

Internetquellen S. 909-912

„… , Robert (1994): The Moral Animal . Why we are the way we are: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology …” „… of Everyday Life . New York: Pantheon Books. Zachos, Frank (2002): »Karl POPPER und die Biologie …” „… ): Reliable knowledge . An exploration of the grounds for belief in science . Cambridge: Cambridge Univ …”

»DOWN THE RABBIT HOLE« S. 615-872

„… festgehalten werden, dass Ottmar Ettes Versuch, die Literaturwissenschaft an die Life Sciences anzuknüpfen …” „… Atlantis Zero: Revolution »I write fiction.« –Whats fiction? »Fiction is an improvement on life.« Bukowski …” „… , transareal. Sie nannten sich die ›diversificators of light and life‹. Ihre Aufgabe war es, Wissen (light) in …”

STRUKTUR UND GENESE DES POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FELDES S. 161-320

„… Historiographie von Terry Shinn und Richard Whitley (»expository science«): »Popularisierung geht hier auf in der …” „… POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FELDES 166 im Übergang zur »big science« stattgefunden habe (Schwarz ebd., 62). Komplizierte …” „… matter rather than the bush or coral structure of the changes of life favoured by Darwin« (ebd., 87f …”

PROLOG. DIE FRÖHLICHE WISSENSGESELLSCHAFT S. 13-56

„… those countries to which they were designed; and especially of the sciences, arts, manufactures and …” „… Handwerkskunst (»liberal sciences«) oder zu Praktiken, die noch nicht zur Kunst ausgereift sind. Diese nennt man …” „… Wissen einen praktischen Nutzen für das Leben der Menschen hat (»practice for man’s life and knowledge …”

EIN INTERDISZIPLINÄRES ARCHIPEL S. 57-160

„… characterize how science is done, rather than theories disembodied and disengaged from their originative …” „… interessierten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich machen, lässt sich ihr Popular Science Writing als Stilübung …” „… populärwissenschaftliche Buch seiner Science Celebrities unterschiedliche Zielgruppen im globalen Maßstab erreichen kann …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845277530

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zum Studium Niedersachsens e.V. - Neues Archiv für Niedersachsen

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Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zum Studium Niedersachsens e.V. (ed.)

Neues Archiv für Niedersachsen

Series: Neues Archiv für Niedersachsen

Volume 2016(1) 2020

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Gesundheitsindustrie in Niedersachsen – Life Sciences, Medizintechnik, E-Health1 S. 128-140

„… – Life Sciences, Medizintechnik, E-Health1 Seit etwa Mitte der neunziger Jahre zeichnet sich mit Blick …” „… und Kompetenzen in innovativen Vorleistungsindustrien im Bereich Life Sciences, Medizintechnik und …” „… , Rheinland-Pfalz oder Bayern im Landesdurchschnitt eher unterrepräsentiert. Life Sciences Die Life Sciences sind …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-5

„… – Life Sciences, Medizintechnik, E-Health 141 M. Stüve Die Reedereiwirtschaft in Niedersachsen – eine …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783529096044

Christian Bachhiesl, Markus Handy, Stefan Köchel, Ursula Lagger, Peter Mauritsch - Freiheit und Wissenschaft

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Christian Bachhiesl (ed.), Markus Handy (ed.), Stefan Köchel (ed.), Ursula Lagger (ed.), Peter Mauritsch (ed.)

Freiheit und Wissenschaft

2022

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Gal Hertz Freedom and Science in Brecht’s »Life of Galileo« S. 404-412

„… 404Gal HertzFreedom and Science in Brechtʼs »Life of Galileo«»Seeing is a theory laden …” „… from science to a life of isolation under the supervision of an old monk. The play ends with Andrea’s …” „… . 1–76, 66–68.FREEDOM AND SCIENCE IN BRECHT’S »LIFE OF GALILEO«412BibliographyBertolt Brecht, Life of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… «. . . . . . . . . . . . 384Gal HertzFreedom and Science in Brecht’s »Life of Galileo« . . . . . 404Peter …”

Gabriele Koiner Nationale (Un-)Freiheit und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Archäologie Zyperns S. 244-278

„… Ces-nola (New York 1971); Anna Marangou, The Consul Luigi Palma di Ces-nola 1832–1904. Life and Deeds …” „… the Levant (London 1896); David G. Hogarth, Accidents of an Antiquary’s Life (London 1910); Pe-ter …” „… Lock, D. G. Hogarth (1862–1927): ›... A Specialist in the Science of Archaeology‹, in: The Annual of …”

Ursula M. Lagger Königliche Message Control vs. Freie Wissenszirkulation. Über den Umgang mit den Antiken von Herculaneum und Pompeji S. 175-216

„… . Life and Af-terlife of a Sculpture Collection. With Henry Lie (Los Angeles 2005), S. 65f. 1754 …” „… : Exhibition by IBM-Italia. New York City, IBM Gallery of Science and Art, 12 July–September 15, 1990 (Rome …” „… Sci-ence and Art, 12 July-September 15, 1990 (Rome 1990), S. 79–91.Irene Bragantini, Renata Centilena …”

Alois Kernbauer Freiheit der Wissenschaft. Konstitutives Element des universitären Selbstverständnisses – Wandel zum Topos S. 339-383

„… imagination for a man who thought of spending his life in basic science. Therefore, at the inter-view with Dr …” „… . Sammelwerke, Bd 5) (Hildesheim 1991); Jürgen Backhaus (Hrsg.), The economics of sci-ence policy. An analysis …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748914396

Jeanette Stohr - Evolution of Technological Profiles in the European Life Sciences Industry

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Jeanette Stohr

Evolution of Technological Profiles in the European Life Sciences Industry

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 33 2013

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Technological performance in the life sciences S. 67-70

„… residence. II.6.2 Technological performance in the life sciences In the following the evolution of the …” „… technological profiles in the life sciences industry is investigated. For this purpose, a large patent data set …” „… , comprising the worldwide patent applications in the life sciences as well as the patent applications of …”

Technological performance in the life sciences industry S. 114-117

„… . III.6 Technological diversification patterns of European life sciences companies The following …” „… empirical analyses provide an overview of the breadth and depth of the technology bases in the life sciences …” „… technological profiles of the life sciences companies is assessed at the national and sectoral level. At the …”

Patterns of technological specialisation in the life sciences S. 90-94

„… specialisation in the life sciences The aim of this sub-section is to illustrate the patterns of technological …” „… specialisation in the life sciences at the country level. The absolute numbers of patents provide only a rough …” „… technological advantages in the life sciences technologies measured by RTAh-values. All countries have specific …”

Summary and conclusions S. 169-178

„… changes which have taken place in the European life sciences industry during the period 1986-2005. The …” „… companies is shaped by the technological, sectoral and national environment. The life sciences industry …” „… represents a suitable research object because this industry is strongly science-based. Furthermore, the life …”

Database and sample S. 63-67

„… 63 II.6 National technological trajectories in the life sciences ‘Life sciences encompass different …” „… technology, nutritional service, environmental technology. Life sciences advances, for example in …” „… and environment.’ (WIPO, 2011) During the last years the life sciences have faced some remarkable …”

Objective of the thesis S. 27-30

„… innovation approach. It investigates the evolution of the technological profiles in the life sciences …” „… the patent profiles of 114 life sciences companies and six European nations. First, this thesis …” „… analyses the evolution of new technological paradigms and trajectories in the European life sciences …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… the European Life Sciences IndustryNomosBUT_Stohr_0998-4.indd 3 15.11.13 09:501. Edition 2013 …” „… the evolution of technological profiles in the life sciences industry. Due to its R&D-intensity and …” „… technological profiles are produced for six European countries and 114 life science companies. Using a …”

Selection of the firm sample S. 110-113

„… – comprises those firms which have accounted for the highest level of life sciences patents during the period …” „… three digit-level. Thus, in order to extract the relevant sample of life sciences companies an adequate …” „… life sciences industry introduced in Chapter II.6.1 an ICB sector-based definition of the life sciences …”

Figures S. 15-16

„… : WIPO IPC Technology Concordance Table 62 Figure 13: Technology classes defining the life sciences …” „… industry 66 Figure 14: Development of patent output in the life sciences industry 68 Figure 15 …” „… : Development of patent output in specific life sciences technologies 68 Figure 16: Patent output in …”

Data extraction and processing S. 113-114

„… . company data set Top applicantscompany has its main economic activity in one of the life sciences sectors …” „… of the sample countriescompany has its main economic activity in one of the life sciences …” „… patterns of European life sciences companies The following empirical analyses provide an overview of …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter II S. 94-96

„… ProducersFigure 28: Overview of the technological specialisation patterns in the life sciences industry Source …” „… in the life sciences were investigated. The knowledge bases of six European countries were mapped …” „… dominating countries in the life sciences. During the period of investigation these nations have continuously …”

Patterns of technological specialisation S. 117-125

„… that the life sciences sectors are characterised by distinct, path dependent technological profiles …” „… . Additionally, biotechnology represents the platform technology of the life sciences sectors which is applied in …” „… technological class Biotechnology for nearly all life sciences sectors has been shown. This indicates that the …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter IV S. 166-168

„… influence of sectoral innovation processes on the technological scope of life sciences companies. Table 19 …” „… clusters in the life sciences industry Source: own compilation During the whole period of investigation …” „… assumed that the technology profile of firms operating in the life sciences industry is mainly shaped by …”

Patterns of technological diversification S. 125-136

„… increasing importance of the technological class Biotechnology for nearly all life sciences sectors has been …” „… the life sciences industry. III.6.3 Patterns of technological diversification The technological …” „… technological diversification is reversed in the new millennium. The life sciences companies have begun to …”

Technology classification scheme S. 61-63

„… technological trajectories in the life sciences ‘Life sciences encompass different scientific fields such as …” „… service, environmental technology. Life sciences advances, for example in the field of …” „… ) During the last years the life sciences have faced some remarkable changes due to the evolution of …”

Tracing technological trajectories using knowledge base indicators S. 70-90

„… knowledge base indicators In this section the evolution of the knowledge base in the life sciences is …” „… introduced. II.6.3.1 Evolution of the knowledge base in the life sciences As already pointed out in Chapter …” „… illustrates the worldwide technology co-occurrences in the life sciences industry. The whole time period …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter III S. 136-140

„… specialisation and diversification patterns of large MTCs in the life sciences. The analyses distinguish between …” „… five different life sciences sectors and comprise 114 companies from six European countries. The …” „… analysis of the technological specialisation patterns showed that the different life sciences sector are …”

References S. 179-188

„… : The Life-Science Revolution, Harvard Business Review, 78 (2), pp. 94-104 European Commission (2009 …” „… . 413-432 Hinze, S., Gaisser, S. (2003): Nanotechnologie und Life Sciences, Studie im Rahmen des …” „… WIPO (2011): Intellectual Property and Life Sciences, http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/ en/lifesciences …”

Combining the multi-level framework and the systems of innovation approach S. 50-55

„… (TIS)Complementary TISCompeting TIS55 vestigates the evolution of technological profiles in the life sciences …” „… concerning the patentability of medical procedures can affect the innovative activities in sectors (e.g. life …” „… sciences) and technologies (e.g. biotechnology). Additionally, the cross-national and global dimension of …”

Assignment to the clusters – sectoral perspective S. 155-166

„… technological classes (the seven life sciences technologies and the class Organic fine chemistry which also …” „… accounts for relatively high patent shares in the life sciences) is put under investigation. The …” „… technological scope of life sciences companies. Table 19 summarises the observed sectoral clusters during the …”

Technology – a conceptualisation S. 31-33

„… national technological trajectories in the life sciences industry is investigated. The theoretical …” „… indicators the empirical analyses investigate the technological changes in the European life sciences …” „… ). ? Codification vs. tacitness: Technologies are characterised by links to science and high degrees of …”

Phenomenon of technological diversification S. 23-26

„… (see among others Malerba/Orsenigo, 2002, p. 668 f.). The life science revolution had an impact on …” „… technological level and the micro level of the firm (Archibugi/ Howells/Michie, 1999). In this context, the life …” „… sciences seem to be a quite intriguing object of research because this sector is strongly science?based and …”

Research theses S. 55-56

„… 55 vestigates the evolution of technological profiles in the life sciences industry from a …” „… corporate technological competences. The evolution of the national technological trajectories in the life …” „… sciences is explored in Chapter II.6. Aim is to show the path dependent development of the technological …”

Indicators of technological innovation S. 56-61

„… competences. The evolution of the national technological trajectories in the life sciences is explored in …” „… assumption that staff with higher education in engineering and science is the main carrier of technological …” „… neglect up to 40% of the technological efforts made by small firms or firms acting outside science …”

Data set and proceeding S. 151-153

„… diversification patterns in the life sciences industry In the following the k-means clustering is applied to the …” „… statistical software tool and stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The analyses are …”

Assignment to the clusters – national perspective S. 153-155

„… unevenly distributed across the different life sciences sectors. Here, nearly 60% of the sample firms are …” „… . 41 SPSS is a statistical software tool and stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences …”

Tables S. 17-18

„… Table 19: Sectoral clusters in the life sciences industry 166 …”

Annex S. 189-215

„… : This list contains all IPCs which define the life sciences. Not relevant IPCs of the classes ‘Basic …” „… 189 Annex Annex I: WIPO IPC Technology Concordance Table 190 Annex II: IPCs defining the life …” „… sciences 192 Annex III: Matrices of technology co-occurrences - CH 193 Annex IV: Matrices of technology …”

Research theses S. 109-110

„… highest level of life sciences patents during the period 1986-2005. Chapter III Chapter III …”

Comparison of the innovation system approaches S. 46-48

„… technological environment and the firm specific development patterns in the life sciences technologies …”

Technological trajectories and paradigms – the search for technological solutions S. 33-37

„… .; Breschi/Lissoni/Malerba, 1998, p. 3). ? Codification vs. tacitness: Technologies are characterised by links to science and …” „… .2.2 Technology life cycles – the evolution of new technologies Dosi’s concept of the technological …”

Example – Proceeding of k-means algorithm S. 145-151

„… and technological diversification patterns in the life sciences industry In the …”

Determinants of technological diversification S. 97-104

„… trends of European life sciences companies are analysed in depth. III.1 Increasing technological …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251356

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