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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld, Dominik Brodowski, Christoph Burchard

European Public Prosecutor's Office

2021

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 42 Judicial review S. 400-441

„… – marginal attention within the EPPO Regulation. Article 42 Judicial review 1. Procedural acts of the EPPO …” „… , respectively, with Article 14(5) and Article 16(5). 8. This Article is without prejudice to judicial review by …” „… . Member States’ obligation to provide effective judicial review . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546-550

„… a judicial remedy pursuant to Article 89. Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 31 Cross-border investigations S. 282-301

„… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 D. Judicial review of cross-border investigation measures …” „… RULES OF PROCEDURE 298 Hans-Holger Herrnfeld 34 35 D. Judicial review of cross-border investigation …” „… measures A question that is not been addressed by the EPPO Regulation is the subsequent judicial review of …”

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/1371 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 771-798

„… , 35 13 ff. – for prosecution 36 12 ff. – initiating an investigation 26 37 ff. – judicial review 36 …” „… – judicial review 42 59 f. Competence of the EPPO – attribution of 25 29 – concurrent s. Concurrent …” „… rights and the ECHR 5 15 f. Conflicts of competence 25 23 ff., 26 – judicial review 42 51 Connected …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 41 382 Judicial review …” „… . . . . . . . .Article 88 546 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor …” „… : Accountability and Judicial Review visa-vis the EU Citizen‘ (2016) 7 NJECL, 175-189 General Literature XVIII …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 26 Initiation of investigations and allocation of competences within the EPPO S. 213-234

„… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 D. Legal consequences of a decision to initiate an investigation and judicial review …” „… ), 156 (157 ff.). 13 Cf. on this question: Michiel Luchtman, ‘Forum Choice and Judicial Review Under the …” „… ). 21 Cf. on this question: Michiel Luchtman, ‘Forum Choice and Judicial Review Under the EPPO’s …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 36 Prosecution before national Courts S. 329-345

„… . Judicial review of the choice of forum by the EPPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 III …” „… 26(4) was “duly justified” (→ Article 26 mn. 14), thus in effect exercising subsequent judicial review …” „… Judicial review of the choice of forum by the EPPO The EPPO’s decision to bring the case to judgement in a …”

Christoph Burchard Article 33 Pre-trial arrest and cross-border surrender S. 303-309

„… , also with regard to judicial review, see → Article 42 mn. 24 ff. and → Article 5 mn. 14 ff. II …” „… detention imply an infringement of the right to liberty, which regularly requires judicial, rather than mere …” „… competent judicial authority the arrest or pre-trial detention of the suspected person in accordance with …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 105 Relations with Member States of the European Union which do not participate in enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the EPPO S. 635-644

„… judicial authorization or judicial review and set out further material or procedural limitations in …” „… ) Directive 2014/41/EU) and matters of judicial review have to be determined on the basis of the national law …” „… competent authority for the purpose of implementation of the applicable Union acts on judicial cooperation …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 41 Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons S. 382-400

„… linked to judicial review (Article 42), but also to the EPPO’s independence (Article 6) and its basic …” „… seeking judicial review (→ Article 42) whenever one considers his or her rights to having been breached …” „… ) No. 3 alternative 1 ECHR), and requires access to judicial review (→ Article 42). Moreover, it …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2017/1939 S. 683-771

„… to determine the rules applicable to the judicial review of procedural measures taken by the EPPO in …” „… and agencies of the Union and requires special rules regarding judicial review. (87) According to …” „… therefore be subject to judicial review by national courts, at the latest at the trial stage. Actions before …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 39 Dismissal of the case S. 356-371

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2. Procedure; judicial review …” „… dismiss the case based on Article 39(1) and (3). Procedure; judicial review A case must be dismissed …” „… , such decisions are, in principle, open to judicial review by national courts on the basis of Article …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Introduction to Chapter VIII (Articles 47 to 89) S. 456-461

„… specifically refer to the possibility for the data subject to seek judicial review against the EPPO’s decisions …” „… Regulation does not contain any general rule on the data subject’s rights to seek judicial review similar to …” „… Hans-Holger Herrnfeld 10 11 ticle 42(8)). Data subjects thus may seek judicial review in accordance with and …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 40 Simplified prosecution procedures S. 371-382

„… ; discretion; judicial review (Article 40(2)[1]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2. Specific criteria to …” „… ; discretion; judicial review (Article 40(2)[1]) The EDP handling the case sends a proposal to apply a …” „… the EDP is therefore only preliminary and EPPO-internal, the question of judicial review only arises …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 30 Investigation measures and other measures S. 268-282

„… make the final determination (but subject to judicial review ex post) on the measure. Alternatively …” „… refers to the judicial review ex post (→ Article 42 mn. 47), it would be incoherent to set out a …” „… , that proposal required judicial authorization for a set of investigation measures, and allowed Member …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 62 Exercise of rights by the data subject and verification by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 504-506

„… obligation of the EPPO to inform the data subject of the possibility to seek judicial review against the …” „… Protection Supervisor shall inform the data subject at least that all necessary verifications or a review …” „… his/her right to seek a judicial remedy in the Court of Justice against the European Data Protection …”

Christoph Burchard Article 6 Independence and accountability S. 32-37

„… ff. As to accountability provided for by judicial review, see Art. 42. The Regulation addresses the …” „… Explorations into the EPPO’s Administrative Structure and Judicial Review’ in Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W. H …” „… : Accountability and Judicial Review vis-a-vis the EU Citizen’ (2016) 7 NJECL, 175 (184). CHAPTER II …”

Introduction Hans-Holger Herrnfeld S. 1-11

„… the admissibility of evidence, and the rules applicable to the judicial review of procedural measures …” „… safeguards (Article 41) and judicial review (Article 42). Many of these provisions go into great detail in …” „… be subject to a possible judicial review by the national courts (→ Article 36 mn. 16 ff.). While …”

Christoph Burchard Article 14 Appointment and dismissal of the European Chief Prosecutor S. 104-115

„… the qualifications required for appointment to the highest prosecutorial or judicial offices in their …” „… investigations and of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, or have served as European …” „… reconciles various conflicting (political, judicial, pragmatic15 etc.) interests, and at times also decides …”

Christoph Burchard Article 37 Evidence S. 345-352

„… question of judicial review against decisions on forum choices, the wording of Recital 87 clarifies that …” „… judicial review of the EPPO’s decision (supra → mn. 17 and Article 42 mn. 35; cf. also Article 26 mn. 37 …” „… judgment, it should be possible to expect the Member States’ courts to provide effective judicial review of …”

Christoph Burchard Article 16 Appointment and dismissal of the European Prosecutors S. 117-123

„… qualifications required for appointment to high prosecutorial or judicial office in their respective Member …” „… and of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters. 2. After having received the reasoned …” „… qualifications required for appointment to “high” prosecutorial or judicial office in his/her respective Member …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 25 Exercise of the competence of the EPPO S. 195-213

„… judicial review of a certain coercive investigation measure taken by the EPPO, question the possibility of …” „… investigation in accordance with Article 26. However, where the judicial or law enforcement authorities of a …” „… term “competent national authorities” here refers to judicial and law enforcement authorities of all …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 88 Right to lodge a complaint with the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546

„… a judicial remedy pursuant to Article 89. Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 24 Reporting, registration and verification of information S. 178-195

„… law, judicial review of the decision not to initiate an investigation. Where the EPPO decides not to …” „… Member States. However, efforts should be made, similar as in respect of issues of judicial cooperation …” „… Article 22, Article 25(2) and (3). 2. When a judicial or law enforcement authority of a Member State …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 35 Termination of the investigation S. 321-329

„… jurisdiction for the case, providing such reasoning is particularly important in view of the judicial review of …” „… justified” (→ Article 26 mn.14), thus exercising subsequent judicial review of the EPPO’s original decision …” „… subject to judicial review by national courts, at the latest at the trial stage” (→ Article 42 mn. 35 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 47 Principles relating to processing of personal data S. 461-470

„… ticle 42(8)). Data subjects thus may seek judicial review in accordance with and under the …” „… (→ Article 42 mn. 66). A different issue is the possibility for the data subject to seek judicial review …” „… some data protection related provisions outside of Chapter VIII. Aside from the provision on judicial …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 87 Cooperation between the European Data Protection Supervisor and national supervisory authorities S. 545-546

„… a judicial remedy pursuant to Article 89. Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 63 Obligations of the EPPO S. 506-508

„… by the EDPS that all necessary verifications or review by it have taken place. In order to provide a …” „… judicial remedy at the ECJ against the EDPS’s decision in accordance with Article 89. This is different …” „… , thus, from the obligation of the EPPO to inform the data subject of the possibility to seek judicial …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 84 Transfers of operational personal data to recipients established in third countries S. 535-544

„… international agreement in force between the Union and third countries in the field of judicial cooperation in …” „… , addressing several possible legal grounds for judicial cooperation between the EPPO and third countries as …” „… international organization to undertake judicial cooperation in criminal matters in cooperation i.a. with the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing S. 499-504

„… . Article 88) or to seek a judicial remedy at the CJEU against the EPPO’s decision in accordance with …” „… lodging a complaint with the European Data Protection Supervisor or of seeking a judicial remedy from the …” „… ) or to seek judicial remedy from the CJEU (cf. Article 42(8)). These proceedings may be directed …”

Christoph Burchard Article 8 Structure of the EPPO S. 41-64

„… ); Arjen Meij, ‘Some Exploration into the EPPO’s Administrative Structure and Judicial Review’ in Leendert …” „… the EPPO’s Administrative Structure and Judicial Review’ in Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W. H. Meij and …” „… Structure and Judicial Review’ in Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W. H. Meij and Marta Pawlik (eds.), The …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 117 Notifications S. 667-671

„… of the competent national judicial authorities” (Article 96(6) sentence 6). Depending on the national …” „… well as the more specific information requirements relating to “judicial or law enforcement authority …” „… not constitutive and without legal effect, but merely serves informatory purposes. Article 118 Review …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 23 Territorial and personal competence of the EPPO S. 171-178

„… , 17.7.2013, 29-41. 3 For a critical review of the original Commission proposal in this respect: Pedro Caeiro …” „… in respect of issues of judicial cooperation between the EPPO and non-participating Member States (cf …” „… judicial or law enforcement authority of a Member State initiates an investigation in respect of a criminal …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 113 General regime of liability S. 656-661

„… excludes from review not only the ECJ “acting in its judicial role”, but also any instances “where the …” „… summarized in a nutshell here: Not only administrative or judicial acts with legal relevance may provide for …” „… privilege even for judicial activities,12 it seems likely that the same standard also applies in the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 5 Basic principles of the activities S. 20-32

„… has been made that cannot be challenged by ordinary means of judicial etc. review). Just how the EPPO …” „… Eeckhout, ‘Opinion 2/13 on EU Accession to the ECHR and Judicial Dialogue: Autonomy or Autarky?’ (2015) 38 …” „… Rights Law Review, 485 (485 ff.). 14 See again Steve Peers and Sacha Prechal, in Steve Peers et al. (eds …”

Christoph Burchard Article 12 The European Prosecutors S. 89-98

„… denies an individual to seek judicial review of acts that in purely domestic contexts can only be …” „… judicial review against acts of handling European Delegated Prosecutors is yet to be determined. For …” „… Member State provides for the internal review of certain acts within the structure of a national …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 28 Conducting the investigation S. 246-261

„… “procedural acts of the EPPO” in terms of judicial review17 (→ Article 42 mn. 16 and 20). The reference to …” „… possibilities to request judicial review of the measure taken. Thus, national law will also determine whether …” „… European Public Prosecutor’s Office on National Judicial Systems – A French perspective’, in Petter Asp (ed …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 50 Time-limits for the storage of operational personal data S. 477-479

„… operational personal data 1. The EPPO shall review periodically the need for the storage of the operational …” „… personal data processed. At the latest, such a review shall be carried out not later than three years after …” „… referred to in paragraph 2 expires, the EPPO shall review the need for the continued storage of the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 13 The European Delegated Prosecutors S. 98-104

„… compliance with national law, he/she should ask for a review of that instruction by the European Chief …” „… appointment to the highest prosecutorial or judicial offices in their respective Member States and have …” „… judicial cooperation in criminal matters, or have served as European Prosecutors, and (d) who have …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 21 Internal rules of procedure of the EPPO S. 138-144

„… judicial review under Article 263 TFEU, though their validity and valid application (supra → mn. 9) may be …” „… judged implicitly in other judicial proceedings. Nonetheless, the internal rules of procedure must be …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 110 OLAF and the Court of Auditors S. 652-654

„… prosecutorial functions subject to judicial review, and to avoid conflicts with the institutional cooperation …” „… OLAF’s scope of review (supra→ mn. 3). Article 111 Rules on the protection of sensitive non-classified …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 112 Administrative inquiries S. 655-656

„… European Ombudsman is to inquire into “maladministration”, already Article 228(1) TFEU excludes from review …” „… not only the ECJ “acting in its judicial role”, but also any instances “where the alleged facts are or …”

Christoph Burchard Article 9 The College S. 64-74

„… ); Ante Novokmet, ‘The European public prosecutor’s office and the judicial review of criminal prosecution …” „… grant the accused the right to judicial review if the prosecutor was biased or under (the appearance of …” „… reviewed (arguably by the College itself). As a rule, the College’s decisions must be presumed strategic …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 51 Distinction between different categories of data subjects S. 479-481

„… but the respective national law provisions on time-limits and any periodic review. That should be true …” „… personal data in the areas of judicial cooperation in criminal matters and police cooperation that personal …”

Christoph Burchard Article 4 Tasks S. 18-20

„… means of judicial etc. review). Just how the EPPO and its prosecutors become active in the participating …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 7 Reporting S. 37-41

„… : Accountability and Judicial Review vis-a-vis the EU Citizen’ (2016) 7 NJECL, 175 (184). CHAPTER II …”

Christoph Burchard Article 17 Appointment and dismissal of the European Delegated Prosecutors S. 123-128

„… request the College to review the matter. 5. If a European Delegated Prosecutor resigns, if his/her …” „… give said consent, the Member State may request the College to review the matter; i.e. the College may …” „… infringe upon the independence of the EPPO. At second glance, however, the following judicial solution …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 38 Disposition of confiscated assets S. 352-356

„… extraordinary review by a constitutional court or by the ECtHR does not hinder a ruling to become final. Third …” „… referred to OLAF or to the competent national administrative or judicial authorities for recovery or other …” „… confiscation, thereby excluding administrative confiscation measures, unless they have been reviewed by a court …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 22 Material competence of the EPPO S. 144-171

„… Miglietti, ‘The First Exercise of Article 83(2) TFEU under Review: An Assessment of the Essential Need of …” „… saga’ (2018) 9 NJECL, 12; Valsamis Mitsilegas, ‘Judicial dialogue in three silences: Unpacking Taricco …” „… Lisbon Treaty in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters which cease …”

Christoph Burchard Article 18 Status of the Administrative Director S. 128-133

„… College to review the matter; i.e. the College may override the European Chief Prosecutor’s decision and …” „… , the following judicial solution comes to mind. If a Member State issues a national dismissal with the …” „… reviewable. For the purpose of concluding the contract of the Administrative Director, the EPPO will be …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 101 Relations with OLAF S. 595-611

„… recommends the taking of “disciplinary, administrative, financial and/or judicial action” (Article 11(1) OLAF …” „… Jan Inghelram, ‘Search and Seizure Measures and Their Review’ in Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W.H. Meij …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 27 Right of evocation S. 234-246

„… national judicial or law enforcement authority – in accordance with national law4 – has already initiated a …” „… plural), it can only be binding upon the national judicial and law enforcement authorities that are …” „… the national judicial authorities, once the EPPO has decided to exercise its right of evocation, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290768

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Martin Heidenhain

European State Aid Law

2010

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Scope of Judicial Review S. 798-812

„… 19.11.2009 17:51:25 3B2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm § 43. Scope of Judicial Review A. Relevant …” „… . Limitations on the Scope of Judicial Review in the Case Law. . . . . . . . . 4 1. Limited review …” „… on the Scope of Judicial Review in the Case Law 1. Limited review 4With substantive allegations, the …”

Legal Remedies for the Member State Granting Aid and other State Bodies S. 755-762

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 c) Regional government agency’s immanent concern in judicial review …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I. Is the Decision to Open a Formal Investigation Procedure exempt from Judicial Review …” „… government agency’s immanent concern in judicial review 11In contrast, a state agency has no locus standi …”

State Investments of Capital S. 119-149

„… investor to be used as a standard of comparison, and the scope of judicial review. Further, calculation of …” „… “Private Investor Test” as Standard of Review for State Investments of Capital …” „… of a debt investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 VI. Limited Judicial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-46

„… ) ....................................................... 746 § 43 Scope of Judicial Review (Soltész …” „… debt investment ............................................ 101 VI. Limited Judicial Review …” „… ..................................................................................... 73 A. The “Private Investor Test” as Standard of Review for State Investments of Capital …”

Legal Remedies for Aid Recipients S. 763-772

„… From the point of view of the aid recipient, judicial review generally provides a means of challenging …” „… , it can constitute a legal act subject to judicial review within the meaning of Article 230 EC.43 The …” „… the Court thereby barred review of the question whether the plaintiff’s guarantee of due process had …”

Legal Remedies for Competitors of the Aid Recipient S. 773-791

„… action for failure to act where the Commission has not opened a formal review procedure, or seek judicial …” „… , which is not subject to judicial review. The Court of 1 Cf e.g. CFI, T-11/95, ECR 1998, II-3235, paras …” „… opportunities to obtain judicial review of measures concerning existing aid. I. Proposal of Appropriate Measures …”

General Principles S. 197-228

„… judicial review necessarily arise where the Commission must undertake difficult economic assessments in the …” „… concrete standards for the judicial review of its decisions in the regulation of State aid. 28The European …” „… of principle, the notion of State aid is an objective notion subject to full judicial review. As an …”

General Principles S. 59-67

„… involve “complex economic appraisals,” judicial review is limited to “to determining whether the …” „… ) EC a “wide discretion” that is subject to only limited judicial review. The effective scope of …” „… assessment, carry out a comprehensive review” as to whether a measure constitutes State aid within the …”

Legal Remedies for Other Third Parties S. 792-797

„… availability of judicial review for orders issued by the Commission (Jéga- Quéré).18 The Court of Justice …” „… standpoint of the economy of judicial resources. A trade association typically files suit as an advocate for …”

General Principles S. 619-636

„… foresees a prophylactic review by the Commission. This provision requires that Member States notify new or …” „… review phases. The Commission must initiate a formal investigation procedure pursuant to Article 88(2) EC …” „… after the preliminary review only if it has doubts about the compatibility of a notified aid with the …”

Rights of Interested Parties S. 728-736

„… decision subject to judicial review. However, once the complainant has submitted those additional comments …” „… framework of the formal investigation procedure, together with the judicial remedy of an action for …” „… the complainant might still provide additional information which might oblige the Commission to review …”

Basic Outline of State Aid Law S. 47-53

„… limited judicial review.9 It has therefore been possible for the Commission to formulate a considerable …” „… Community Courts have the authority to review the Commission’s decisions on the compatibility or …” „… “principle of negative integration.” The review and monitoring of aid is said to be limited to the purpose of …”

Proceedings before National Courts S. 813-830

„… rights2. I. The Role of National Courts 2 Subject to judicial review by the Community courts, the …” „… opportunity?, Irish Journal of European Law 1997, 181; Wissel/Becker, Review of Judgment Laboratories Boiron …” „… provide effective judicial protection of individual rights in the context of an illegal State aid …”

Procedure regarding Unlawful Aid S. 674-714

„… investigation procedure regarding notified aid is not subject to judicial review. Such a decision can be …” „… investigation is subject to judicial review to the extent that it contains a qualification of a measure as …” „… judicial review of the Commission’s classification of the measure is limited to ascertaining whether or not …”

Procedure regarding Notified Aid S. 637-673

„… 240.00mm be subject to judicial review, insofar as it contains a qualification of the measure as existing …” „… 659/1999). The objective of this prophylactic review is to ensure that the Commission has sufficient time …” „… before the granting or alteration of aid to review its compatibility with Article 87 EC, in the interests …”

State Aid pursuant to Article 87(3)(c) EC – Aid to Facilitate the Development of Certain Economie Activitis or Certain Economie Areas – Horizontal Aid S. 255-359

„… not to take on the role of price leader. 84cc) Basis for review: The Commission reviews the need for …” „… Commission decided to review rescue and restructuring aids which are intended to benefit or have benefited a …” „… 22.11.2009 22:20:54 3B2 9.1.431; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm of the guidelines the Commission must review …”

The Concept of State Aid S. 68-106

„… long-standing case law of the Community Courts, is subject to only limited judicial review to the extent it …” „… , p. 65; Wissel/Becker, Review of Judgment Laboratoires Boiron, Case C-526/04, EStAL 2007, 101. A …” „… CFI held in Ryanair41 that it was necessary to review on a 34 Reduction of or exemption from taxes …”

State Aid pursuant to Article 87(3) EC – Support of Certain Economie Activities or Economie Areas – Sectoral Aid S. 360-455

„… of any over-capacities in the relevant sector.107 47 The scope of judicial review in the European …” „… interpretation of provisions of law. In comparison to judicial review in the German courts, the Community Courts …” „… 1. General principles for the review of planned aid grants. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Objectives …”

Services of General Economic Interest S. 545-594

„… compensation would never fall under the Commission’s review99. The compensation approach would confuse the …” „… Environmental Law Review, 389 ff. Chapter 7. Services of General Economic Interest 518 Klasse Reemers Publishing …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265575

Pablo Riberi, Konrad Lachmayer - Philosophical or Political Foundation of Constitutional Law?

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Pablo Riberi (ed.), Konrad Lachmayer (ed.)

Philosophical or Political Foundation of Constitutional Law?

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Vergleichenden Öffentlichen Recht

Volume 24 2014

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Judicial Review of Social Policy S. 157-178

„… Judicial Review of Social Policy Lucas S. Grosman I. Introduction Constitutions impose …” „… might wonder whether, or to what extent, those decisions are subject to judicial review. Can a judge …” „… of deciding how public resources should be used. 158 Judicial Review of Social Policy This reason …”

Political branches v. judicial activism S. 141-156

„… legitimacy of judicial review of legislation3, is likely to be sustained irrespective of whether courts adopt …” „… Judicial Review’ (2006) The Yale Law Journal 1360. 4 M. Elliott, The Constitutional Foundations of …” „… Judicial Review (Hart 2001) 107, 108. Cesare Pinelli 145 ing their own subsequent decisions. Finally …”

The right to judicial protection as an “oblique” political right? S. 127-140

„… rights through judicial review. Couso and Hilbink argue that in recent years Chilean judges have …” „… point out that the court mandatorily reviews legislation in a priori constitutional review, and also, at …” „… The right to judicial protection as an “oblique” political right? Judicialization, political …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… vexing challenges such as the proper latitude of judicial review, the threatening phenomena of untamed …” „… Lucas S. Grosman Judicial review of social policy …” „… Venthur The right to judicial protection as an “oblique” political right? Judicialization, political …”

How far should International Courts of Human Rights go? S. 331-352

„… from the American judicial review – which has a diffuse character – in decisive aspects, since it …” „… and constitutional jurisdiction regarding the phenomena of judicialization and judicial activism …” „… “judicial activism” then appear recurrently. In the same sense, more recently also the International Courts …”

State Courts and the “Rule of Law” S. 179-184

„… referendum on their retention of office blurs the boundaries between judicial and legislative office. These …” „… boundaries are further blurred by the scope of permissible judicial activity. Take Pennsylvania as an example …” „… ) 100. 2 American Judicature Society, Methods of Judicial Selection, 51–52, www.judicial selection.us …”

Constitutional emergencies in Argentina: the romans (not the judges) have the solution S. 185-224

„… Part II, I will review the Argentinian judicial record to show that, at least in Argentina, judges …” „… judicial review. In addition, one will encounter great difficulty reconciling law’s aim with the idea of …” „… Part III, I will try to explain this judicial record to show that certain attributes of the judiciary …”

The Possibility of International Constitutional Law S. 283-310

„… of constitutional rules and judicial review).22 3. Constitutional Pluralism Constitutional …” „… . __________ 60 See e.g. Mark Tushnet, Weak Courts, Strong Rights. Judicial Review and Social Welfare Rights in …” „… Law 735 (2004). 70 See Mark Tushnet, Weak Courts, Strong Rights. Judicial Review and Social Welfare …”

Positivism, totalitarianism and constitutionalism S. 225-262

„… ; and __________ 18 Juan Antonio García Amado, ¿Existe discrecionalidad en la decisión judicial …” „… judicial discretion, according to which, in every legal system there will always be unforeseen cases and …” „… constitutional review by constitutional courts, which for Europe meant its entry into modern constitutionalism …”

Is a “trans-national” constitutional law possible? S. 311-330

„… . The European parliamentarism has been centred on parliamentary control and judicial review alike.47 …” „… Constitución 25ff. 2 B. Ackerman, ‘The Rise of World Constitutionalism’ (1997) 83 Virginia Law Review 771ff …” „… Amsterdam: European Constitution-Making Revisited?’ (1999) 36 Common Market Law Review 703ff; ‘Multilevel …”

Five theses about the foundations of constitutional law S. 13-32

„… that this judicial organ, prevailing itself of the existence of such entities, quashes a norm …” „… appear as a distribution of competencies between a parliamentary and a judicial law-maker or between a …” „… the constitution, than there is by judicial fiat something above the constitution. Whereas more …”

Latin American constitutionalism and the “engine room” of the Constitution S. 97-112

„… 6 years in the presidential term (1994); changes in the modes of judicial appointments (1997 …” „… . __________ 7 B. Ackerman, ‘The New Separation of Powers’ (2000) 113 Harvard Law Review 634–42; Linz …” „… Menem.11 Similarly, one could mention the many different initiatives for judicial reform promoted by …”

Transnational republicanism: a challenge too far? S. 263-282

„… such as judicial review bodies. Lavdas and Chryssochoou put it this way: A ‘balanced constitution’ is …” „… legislative, administrative, and judicial levels, seek to minimize arbitrary interference through inclusivity …”

An uncertain dilemma: philosophical or political foundations for the Constitution? S. 33-76

„… the subtleties of judicial reasoning. See Waldron, Jeremy, Law and Disagreement, p. 24, Oxford …” „… are devoted to provide constitutional grounds to the so called “judicial activism”. There is a clear …” „… , the judicial task seems to be called on to contain, complete and eventually take the place of former …”

Principles and Compromises in the Process of Constitutional Designs S. 77-96

„… other things, of “judicial review” and, therefore, the practical power of courts. It is entirely …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930686

Cornelia Glinz - Verwaltungsrecht und Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Namibia

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Cornelia Glinz

Verwaltungsrecht und Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Namibia

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 24 2013

Results in this title

Gerichtliche Kontrolle von Verwaltungshandeln durch judicial review S. 301-359

„… Verwaltungshandeln durch judicial reviewArt. 18 NV bestimmt mit Bezug auf das Recht, gegen behördliche Entscheidungen …” „… ordentlichen Gerichten,1063 sondernim Wege des besonderen gerichtlichen Verfahrens der judicial review vordem …” „… hervorgeht, kommen hierbei die Common-Law-Grundsätze der judicial review zur Anwendung. Entsprechend der …”

Gesamtbewertung der Reichweite des Verwaltungsrechtsschutzes S. 385-387

„… VerwaltungsrechtsschutzesVerwaltungsrechtsschutz in Namibia erfolgt im Wesentlichen auf drei Ebenen: (1) der judicial review vor dem High Court, (2 …” „… review zum High Court prinzipiellergänzen sollen. Die judicial review ist trotz der mittlerweile …” „… demgemäß inhärenten Befugnis des High Court zur judicial review widersprechen. Zumindest mussauf die …”

Handeln der Verwaltung durch administrative action S. 230-244

„… von Verwaltungshandeln, die judicial review, auf alle Arten von Verwaltungsentscheidungen Anwendung …” „… verwaltungsrechtliche Standards231richtliche Kontrolle im Rahmen der judicial review grundsätzlich ein weitesSpektrum …” „… Ärztevereinigung mit der judicial review neben Verwaltungsentscheidungengegen einzelne ihrer Mitglieder auch gegen …”

Die Rolle von Verwaltungstribunalen und der Rechtsbehelf der administrative appeal S. 359-380

„… sich demnach von der judicial review folgendermaßenabgrenzen: Während die judicial review auf einer …” „… dieappeal teilweise als verwaltungsinterner Schutzmechanismus angesehen, imGegensatz zur judicial review …” „… dessen Reformbedarf364FazitNeben der judicial review, die in erster Linie eine Rechtsprüfung der …”

Gerichtliche Zuständigkeit in öffentlich-rechtlichen Streitigkeiten S. 217-218

„… judicial review, also die Kontrolle von Verwaltungshandeln, obliegt dem High Court. Dies ergab sich aus …” „… die inhärente Common-Law-Befugnis der judicial review inne (bzw. damals der South West Africa Supreme …” „… des High Court zur Befassungmit Verfahren der judicial review verneint worden war. In dem Fall ging …”

Grundprinzipien: principle of legality und ultra-vires-Doktrin S. 225-226

„… in dem Verfahren der judicial review darüber befindet, ob die Verwaltung ihren rechtlichen …” „… auch als grounds of review bezeichnet, da dies imUmkehrschluss die Gründe sind, auf welche die judicial …” „… review gestütztwerden kann.VerwaltungsbehördenAdministrative bodies and officials gemäß Art. 18 NVLaut C …”

Bibliographie S. 445-460

„… ). Lange, Claudia, Unreasonableness as a Ground of Judicial Review in South Africa(Baden-Baden, 2002).Legal …” „… constitution of the Republic of Namibia: a constitutional protection of judicial review and tribunal …” „… Reform in Changing Times', (1980) 96 Law Quarterly Review,S. 515.Kießwetter, Antje, Die …”

Ausübung und Kontrolle von Ermessensentscheidungen S. 278-291

„… Ermessensfehlgebrauch:1001 Vgl. Claudia Lange, Unreasonableness as a Ground of Judicial Review in SouthAfrica (2002), S …” „… ausdrücklich klargestellt, dass das Prinzip der reasonableness im Verfahren der judicial review Anwendung …” „… Anwendungsbereich der judicial review ausgedehnt und erweiterthat und die Gerichte berechtigt sind, die …”

Verhältnis zur Zuständigkeit des Labour Court S. 218-221

„… Inkrafttreten der Verfassung die inhärente Common-Law-Befugnis der judicial review inne (bzw …” „… die Kompetenz des High Court zur Befassungmit Verfahren der judicial review verneint worden war. In …” „… judicial review in arbeitsrechtlichen Fragen und demgemäß die Anwendung der damit einhergehenden …”

Das australische Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) S. 411-417

„… inSüdafrika oder Namibia: die Komplexität und Formalität der judicial review zu überwinden, die diverse …” „… ) derAdministrative Decisions (Judicial Review Act) 59 of 1977, der eine Kodifizierung und Reformierung des Verfahrens …” „… der judicial review darstellt,insbesondere die Gründe für die Ausübung der gerichtlichen Kontrolle …”

Hauptdefizite des namibischen Verwaltungsrechtssystems S. 391-392

„… Vergleich zur judicial review zum HighCourt weniger förmlichen Prozess, der auch ohne anwaltliche …” „… Sinne für die Schaffung eines ganzheitlichen Systems, in dem die judicial review weiter ihre …” „… in der appeal zu den Tribunalen, diegestärkt werden müssten, um ergänzend zur review wirken zu können …”

Verhältnis des Art. 18 NV zum Common Law S. 213-217

„… der Verfassung umfasst und insofern sie für die judicial review ihre Relevanz behalten mögen, leiten …” „… judicial review, also die Kontrolle von Verwaltungshandeln, obliegt dem High Court. Dies ergab sich aus …” „… Common-Law-Prinzipien, die zuvor die Grundlage der juidicial review gegen die öffentliche Gewaltbildeten, wurden nun von …”

Hintergrund der Heranziehung des australischen Modells S. 409-411

„… AdministrativeDecisions (Judicial Review Act) 59 of 1977. Letzterer hat schließlich an vielen Stellen die Ausgestaltung …” „… folgende Reformziele wie inSüdafrika oder Namibia: die Komplexität und Formalität der judicial review zu …” „… des PAJA beeinflusst.1360III.1.1357 Vgl. Cheryl Saunders, 'Appeal or Review: The Experience of …”

Verwaltungsbehörden S. 226-230

„… die Gründe sind, auf welche die judicial review gestütztwerden kann.VerwaltungsbehördenAdministrative …” „… Privater nach sich.809Diese Aspekte werden auch als grounds of review bezeichnet, da dies imUmkehrschluss …” „… of the Supreme Court or High Courtor, in so far as a complaint concerns the performance of a judicial …”

Defizite der Umsetzung in der Praxis S. 299-301

„… Vorgaben der Verfassung (VII.4.).Gerichtliche Kontrolle von Verwaltungshandeln durch judicial reviewArt. 18 …” „… besonderen gerichtlichen Verfahrens der judicial review vordem High Court (VII.1.). Die Ursprünge aus dem …”

Rechtslage S. 393-407

„… erlassen werden, näher konkretisiert. Die Rules of Procedure for Judicial Review of Administrative Action …” „… die Entscheidung mit der judicial review vorgehen. Dies gilt gemäß § 6 (1) Rulesof Procedure sowohl …” „… südafrikanische Beispiel403chend, muss er direkt die judicial review gegen die Entscheidung an sicherheben.1351 …”

Ergebnis für die Notwendigkeit der Reform durch Kodifikation S. 387-390

„… Komplementärfunktion von judicial review und appeal eine konsequente zweigleisige Verwaltungskontrolle ebenso in …” „… der judicial review, jedoch regeltdiese das Verfahren vor dem High Court nur ansatzweise. Außerdem …”

Grundzüge des englischen Verwaltungsrechts als Wurzel des namibischen Verwaltungsrechts S. 208-211

„… Überprüfung behördlicher Entscheidungen, die application of judicial review. Diese zog die„konzeptionelle …” „… Auswirkungen des Europarechts bemerkbar.Das Inkrafttreten des Human Rights Act hat insbesondere die judicial …” „… review (gerichtliche Überprüfung) zugunsten einer verstärkten Rechteorientierung beeinflusst.746Einer der …”

Das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Verfahrensrechten und Verwaltungseffizienz S. 433-435

„… Umstand verständlich, dass im Common Law die judicial review imZentrum des Verwaltungsrechts steht und …” „… Verwaltungsrecht, S. 1139 f.; vgl. Siedentopf u. a., Implementation of Administrative Law and Judicial Control by …”

Verwaltungsverfahrensrechtliche Anforderungen S. 244-278

„… verankerten Recht auf judicial review.Bemerkenswerterweise bestimmte das Gericht die Begründungspflicht …” „… judicial-review-Verfahren auf die Klageerhebung hin gebenkann, wenn er dies wünscht, oder dazu verpflichtet ist, falls dies …” „… Verlaufe desVerfahrens der judicial review abgegeben werden müsse.980Laut des Urteils des Supreme Court in …”

Das Mandat des Ombudsmanns zur Kontrolle der Verwaltung S. 380-385

„… VerwaltungsrechtsschutzesVerwaltungsrechtsschutz in Namibia erfolgt im Wesentlichen auf drei Ebenen: (1) der judicial review vor dem High Court, (2 …” „… jeglichem Bürger zur Verfügung steht, um effektive Abhilfe zu erlangen.Die primären Probleme der judicial …” „… review liegen in rechtlicher Hinsichtaus dem Blickwinkel des klagenden Bürgers in der Förmlichkeit des …”

Vorwort S. 5-20

„… Klagebegehren(1) 303Judicial review im engen Sinne(a) 304Weitere Klagebegehren(b) 304Feststellung des …” „… Rechtsschutz(3)358Bewertung der judicial reviewc) 358Die Rolle von Verwaltungstribunalen und der …” „… . 301Gerichtliche Kontrolle von Verwaltungshandeln durchjudicial review1.301Prozessrechta) 303 …”

Stellungnahme S. 408-409

„… (Judicial Review Act) 59 of 1977. Letzterer hat schließlich an vielen Stellen die Ausgestaltung des PAJA …” „… beeinflusst.1360III.1.1357 Vgl. Cheryl Saunders, 'Appeal or Review: The Experience of Administrative Appeals …”

Reformansätze mittels Rechtstransfer: Auswahl der ausländischen Lösungsmodelle S. 392-393

„… , in dem die judicial review weiter ihre hergebrachte Rolle spielt, aber durchzusätzliche Verfahren …” „… Tribunalen, diegestärkt werden müssten, um ergänzend zur review wirken zu können.1324Dementsprechend wird …”

Die Rolle des Europarats bei der Entwicklung allgemeiner verwaltungsrechtlicher Standards S. 168-174

„… . 2003); Recommendation Rec(2004)20 on judicial review of administrative acts (verabschiedet am 15. 12 …” „… execution of administrative and judicial decisions in the field of administrativelaw (verabschiedet am 9. 9 …”

Stellungnahme S. 422-425

„… , dass gegeneine Entscheidung dessen die judicial review zum High Court zugelassenist.Vor dem Hintergrund …” „… Access to Justice', S. 73 f.1412 Vgl. Saunders, 'Appeal or Review: The Experience of Administrative …”

Einschluss versus separate Regelung des Verwaltungsprozessrechts S. 435-436

„… Umstand verständlich, dass im Common Law die judicial review imZentrum des Verwaltungsrechts steht und …”

Gang der Untersuchung S. 188-190

„… dieKlage der judicial review vor dem High Court im Zentrum, wobei das mögliche Klagebegehren, das …”

Anwendungsbereich S. 223-225

„… in dem Verfahren der judicial review darüber befindet, ob die Verwaltung ihren rechtlichen …”

Einbettung des Art. 18 NV in das Verfassungsgefüge S. 211-213

„… bisherige Common-Law-Recht des Individuums auf Überprüfung von Verwaltungsentscheidungen durch judicial …” „… review vor den Gerichten oder durch ein Tribunal nunmit Verfassungsrang ausgestattet ist. Zudem sind …”

Fazit zu den relevanten Rechtsquellen S. 204-208

„… theRepublic of Namibia: a constitutional protection of judicial review and tribunaladjudication under …”

Zusammenfassung und Bewertung der verwaltungsrechtlichen Standards S. 291-299

„… Judicial Review in South Africa, S. 34 ff., 66 ff.1051 Vgl. Forsyth, 'Reconciling the protection of human …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845248776

Sascha Kneip - Verfassungsgerichte als demokratische Akteure

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Sascha Kneip

Verfassungsgerichte als demokratische Akteure

Series: Politik und Recht

Volume 2009

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Demokratie-Inkompatibilität von Judicial Review S. 95-102

„… überprüfen, wenn also das geschieht, was im engeren Sinne als „judicial review“ bezeichnet wird: die …” „… Notwendigkeit von judicial review denkbar sind und wie diese Begründungen hinsichtlich ihrer …” „… Demokratiekompatibilität zu bewerten sind. Zum anderen können empirische Erklärungsansätze für judicial review betrachtet …”

Demokratie-Kompatibilität von Judicial Review S. 102-108

„… 102 3.1.2 Demokratie-Kompatibilität von Judicial Review Überzeugender muten da schon die Positionen …” „… 1998: 254). Auch Bickel rechtfertigt judicial review daher vor allem funktionalistisch: „The search …” „… judicial review ausschließlich auf Fragen des politischen Prozesses birgt aus Sicht dieses …”

Literatur S. 357-375

„… Judicial Review, in: European Political Science 7: 1, 9-20. Bellamy, Richard/Castiglione, Dario (Hrsg …” „… , 356-376. Cappelletti, Mauro/Adams, John Clarke, 1966, Judicial Review of Legislation: European Antecedents …” „… , The Politics of Judicial Review, in: Texas Law Review 84: 2, 257-337. Garlicki, Leszek Lech, 2001, Das …”

Fragestellung(en) und methodisches Vorgehen S. 32-37

„… judicial review und richterlicher Kontrolltätigkeit betrachten. Dort werden zunächst normative Modelle …” „… empirische Erklärungsansätze für judicial review analysiert, die in Mikro- und Makroansätze unterschieden …” „… Ursachen dafür sind, ob sich „judicial activism“ nach Policy-Feldern unterscheidet und – falls ja – wie …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… 95 3.1 Normative Modelle 96 3.1.1 Demokratie-Inkompatibilität von Judicial Review 98 3.1.2 …” „… Demokratie-Kompatibilität von Judicial Review 102 3.2 Empirische Erklärungsansätze 108 3.2.1 Mikrotheoretische Faktoren 109 …”

Verfassungsgerichte und Gesetzgeber S. 13-26

„… 1990). Die Anfänge des judicial review – des Rechts also, Gesetzesakte des Parlamentes und Handlungen …” „… Ironischerweise ist die erste Ausübung von judicial review ausgerechnet in England aktenkundig geworden, das sich …” „… waren bereits früh Züge von judicial review erkennbar: Fast alle lateinamerikanischen Staaten – mit …”

Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit und Embedded Democracy: Funktionales und dysfunktionales Agieren S. 80-88

„… unterschiedlicher Organe und Akteure zu entscheiden haben. Mehr noch: Judicial review selbst ist ein zentrales …” „… Intervention Demokratietheoretisch dysfunktionale Intervention Judicial Review Nein Demokratietheoretisch …”

Abbildungsverzeichnis S. 9-12

„… von Verfassungsgerichten in Demokratien 86 Abbildung 3.1: Normative Modelle von Judicial Review 97 …”

Rechtsstaat und Rechtsstaatstypen S. 38-55

„… Streitigkeiten). Die richterliche Kontrolle von Gesetzesakten der Legislative durch judicial review verletzt nach …” „… durch Gewaltenteilung, weit reichende Unabhängigkeit und Kontrollbefugnisse der Justiz („judicial review …” „… unabhängigen und unparteiischen Judikative voraussetzen: „Independence of the ‚judicial department‘ may indeed …”

Makrotheoretische Faktoren S. 124-138

„… Democracy“ für 36 Länder unter anderem den Zusammenhang von judicial review und der Rigidität der Verfassung …” „… eine Reihe unabhängiger Variablen zur Untersuchung des Ausmaßes von judicial review in Demokratien …”

Kompetenzen und Aktivierungsmöglichkeiten S. 181-191

„… kann; wäre dies der Fall, stellte sich die Frage nach der Legitimation des judicial review noch sehr …”

Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in Europa S. 148-165

„… Institutionalisierung eines Verfassungsgerichts geführt hat. Allerdings üben auch britische Gerichte judicial review von …”

Mikrotheoretische Faktoren S. 108-124

„… Demokratiekompatibilität von judicial review ausgehen. Zwar sind alle drei betrachteten Ansätze mit je spezifischen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217963

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