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Volker Stocker - Innovative Capacity Allocations for All-IP Networks

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Volker Stocker

Innovative Capacity Allocations for All-IP Networks

Series: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Volume 22 2020

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13 Implications for QoS-Based Interconnections and the Interconnection Ecosystem S. 283-296

„… QoS-differentiated interconnections—especially if different traffic service providers pursue strongly heterogeneous …” „… Implications for QoS-Based Interconnections and the Interconnection Ecosystem272 Sections 11 and 12 …” „… traffic services. Significantly, however, these are contingent on appropriately specified interconnection …”

5 TCP/IP and the Best Effort Service Model S. 107-142

„… are likely to be shaped by economic considerations resulting from the interconnection-based business …” „… ., 2008). While we will discuss interconnection agreements and the contractual relationships between …” „… network of networks, interconnection between multiple ASes becomes necessary for facilitating global …”

6 Enhancing Performance in a Best Effort Internet S. 143-160

„… local interconnection strategies, and will also explain the growing interconnection diversity …” „… incarnations of (highly) distributed server architectures, (ii) geographically distributed interconnection …” „… points and interconnection strategies, and (iii) overlay functionality. Generally speaking, there are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… (UDP) 5.6 132 Transport Layer Protocols: A Brief Summary5.7 133 The Interconnection Ecosystem5.8 135 …” „… Peering, Transit, and the Hierarchical Structure of the Traditional Interconnection Ecosystem 5.8.1 136 …” „… Innovations in Interconnection Agreements5.8.2 139 Enhancing Performance in a Best Effort Internet6 143 …”

18 Summary S. 393-398

„… Internet, its most widely deployed protocols, and the interconnection ecosystem (see Section 5). Our …” „… that have spurred multifaceted cloudification processes and led to growing interconnection diversity …” „… regulations, we extended our perspective to consider implications for the wider (interconnection) ecosystem …”

References S. 399-450

„… November 2018]. Armstrong, M. (1998). ‘Network Interconnection in Telecommunications’, Economic Journal …” „… , 108(448), 545-564. Armstrong, M. (2002). ‘The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection’, in: Cave, M …” „… Interconnection Agreements’, in: McKnight, L.W. and Bailey, J.P. (eds.), Internet Economics, Cambridge, MA: MIT …”

1 Introduction S. 33-38

„… service model and the interconnection ecosystem. We describe the workings of the basic protocols and …” „… local interconnection strategies. In Section 7, we take a closer look at innovative traffic …” „… , we derive implications for the interconnection ecosystem. In doing so, we take into account the …”

4 Network Performance and Quality of Service S. 87-106

„… interconnection points that need to be traversed vary depending on which network the communicating hosts are …” „… another network operated by ISP 2. As server 1 has an IP address of ISP 2, interconnections are necessary …” „… the geographical distance as well as the number of interconnection points data packets must traverse …”

8 Scarcity, Network Externalities, and Two-Sided Markets S. 197-212

„… interconnection between different (virtual) networks. This helps to explain the importance of global reach and …” „… interconnection ecosystem (see, for example, Katz and Shapiro, 1985, p. 424; Vanberg, 2009, p. 116). The common …” „… provides the technological basis for interconnections that enable communications between (all) hosts …”

Papers S. 23-24

„… ). ‘Interconnection and Capacity Allocation for All-IP Networks: Walled Gardens or Full Integration?’, Paper presented …”

7 Active Traffic Management and Enhanced Services on the Internet S. 161-190

„… interconnections, interoperability, and inter-provider service harmonization later in this thesis (see Section 13 …” „… , interconnections between different DiffServ domains that are operated by different and (potentially) competing …” „… ) traffic over predefined 7.3 173 See the discussion of DiffServ-based interconnections in RFC 8100 (Geib …”

3 Internet Evolution: Towards Heterogeneity S. 59-86

„… heterogeneous networks could be ensured based on interconnections via gateways (or routers). Significantly, the …” „… interconnection facilities called Network Access Points (NAPs). Significantly, the set of NAPs provided the basis …” „… for a competitive and evolving interconnection 33 For more details of this split, see Greenstein (2015 …”

The evolving demand for heterogeneous QoS levels is the key driver for the introduction of QoS differentiations. As described in Sections 6 and 7, a wide variety of technologically complementary traff... S. 191-196

„… 13 describes and discusses implications for QoS-based interconnections. 195 …”

List of Abbreviations S. 25-32

„… Terminator OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First OTT Over-the-top p2p peer-to-peer …”

16 Network Neutrality Regulations and Optimal Capacity Allocations for the Internet S. 337-370

„… open Internet rules to interconnection, it is stated that “commercial arrangements for the exchange of …” „… this includes lifting the burden of regulation from Internet interconnection (FCC, 2017, para. 42 at p …” „… ) IP interconnection (BEREC, 2012c). BEREC (2012d) provides an overview of these three consultations …”

2 The Internet from a Disaggregated Network Economic Perspective S. 39-58

„… entities, interconnections become relevant. That is, data packets need to travel across local and …” „… Interconnection (OSI) reference model as standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO), which is …”

15 A Sector-Specific Regulatory Framework for the Internet S. 315-336

„… end-to-end QoS levels. As the latter may possibly include interconnections and thus multiple market players …” „… interconnection between previously fragmented and competing networks, rather than on access to telecommunications …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902607

Margit Vanberg - Competition and Cooperation Among Internet Service Providers

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Margit Vanberg

Competition and Cooperation Among Internet Service Providers

Series: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Volume 14 2009

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Developments in network interconnection S. 39-42

„… the publicInternet by establishing the relevant interconnections.Universal connectivityIn the …” „… informatics conferences.253.2.2 Developments in network interconnectionThe early computer networks were at …” „… NSFNET, network interconnection therefore increased immensely.Since the NSFNET provided a convenient …”

The price for transit interconnection S. 118-119

„… that at the same time concerns regarding the possibility of anticompetitive interconnection agreements …” „… each ofthese services. With network interconnection, an ISP can avoid building out its ownnetwork to …” „… interconnection partners. The following two subsections look at the pricing of transit and peering interconnection …”

The implicit price for peered interconnection S. 119-122

„… be bought from transit givers at any available point of network interconnection. Transit fees must …” „… to offer transit servicesin addition to the interconnection fees which the transit giver pays to …” „… sent via a particular interconnection andif the amount of traffic sent over this interconnection is …”

Terms and conditions of Internet interconnection today S. 56-61

„… interconnection agreementsThe earliest computer networks, such as the ARPANET, were government-funded.Users at …” „… academics paid (Jennings et al., 1986: 946). However, interconnection (the reciprocal carrying of each …” „… offree interconnection between independent networks began to change. ISPs startedmaking free traffic …”

Internet standardization and current developments S. 55-56

„… development of interconnection agreementsThe earliest computer networks, such as the ARPANET, were …” „… of what academics paid (Jennings et al., 1986: 946). However, interconnection (the reciprocal …” „… general tradition offree interconnection between independent networks began to change. ISPs startedmaking …”

History of the Internet hierarchy S. 42-45

„… publicInternet by establishing the relevant interconnections.Universal connectivityIn the commercial era of the …” „… local networks hadno incentive to establish direct interconnections with more distant networks …” „… possible costs. Later on, when ISPs began investing intodirect interconnections between their networks in …”

The Crémer, Rey and Tirole model S. 122-125

„… 122the Internet hierarchy is only entered into with interconnection partners …” „… correctly.108The above analysis shows that a transit interconnection requires far less investments into …” „… therefore not always preferred to transit interconnection, even though itgenerally involves no monetary …”

Critique of the model by Crémer, Rey and Tirole and alternative modeling S. 125-129

„… 125are interested in a good quality interconnection because all profit equally from …” „… the quality of interconnection with both of the rivalnetworks. However, in some circumstances, it can …” „… profit from a targeted degradationstrategy, in which it refuses good quality interconnection with one of …”

Costing and pricing of Internet transport services S. 117-118

„… 1177.2 Terms of interconnection among IP-based networks in a competitive marketenvironmentThe …” „… interconnection of networks has three aspects. Firstly, a logical interconnectionof the networks needs to define …” „… interconnection between thenetwork infrastructures needs to be established. Lastly, the ISPs need to negotiatehow …”

Network effects in Internet service provision S. 115-117

„… Internet service provision. Section 7.2 reviews the terms of interconnection between ISPs in competitive …” „… interconnection markets. Section 7.3 reviewsthe literature on interconnection incentives of ISPs with a focus on …” „… for Internet interconnection by ISPs on the logical layer of Internet service provision. Still, an …”

Analysis of the cost characteristics of the network elements on the Internet applications and Internet content layers S. 80-81

„… of web-sites to lower interconnection costs and to enhance the performance of theirnetwork (download …” „… employed for network management and interconnection negotiations. The wage costs of personnel are part of …” „… Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are shared interconnection points, where carriersmeet for the purpose of …”

References S. 177-184

„… 177ReferencesArmstrong, M. (2002), The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection, in: Cave, M …” „… ; Interconnection between Local Exchange Carriers and Commercial Mobile Radio Service Providers, CC Docket Nos …” „… Sector-Specific Regulation in Competitive Telecommunications,Kyklos 50, 325-339.Knieps, G. (2000), Interconnection …”

Analyzing the cost characteristics of the logical layer of the Internet S. 81-84

„… employed for network management and interconnection negotiations. The wage costs of personnel are part of …” „… Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are shared interconnection points, where carriersmeet for the purpose of …” „… carriers can connecttheir own equipment in order to realize interconnections with other carriers. Secondary …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… transport services 373.2.1 Computer networking 373.2.2 Developments in network interconnection 393.3 History …” „… of interconnection agreements 563.5.1 Terms and conditions of Internet interconnection today 563.6 …” „… provision 1167.2 Terms of interconnection among IP-based networks in a competitivemarket environment …”

Short history of the Internet S. 34-37

„… the history of commercial interconnection agreements. Section 3.6 concludes the chapter.3.1 Short …” „… U.S.(Rogers, 1998).17 This network was open to interconnection by previously existingregional networks in …” „… private interconnections for commercial Internet backbone services at so-called Commercial Internet …”

Summary S. 167-171

„… provision deals with the question whether large Tier-1 ISPs haveless incentive for network interconnection …” „… Internet technology and Internet interconnection. The history of the Internet was reviewed with a special …” „… interconnection were explained.The introductory chapters to the analysis showed that all ISPs can be …”

Claims of market power in Internet service provision S. 76-78

„… )focused especially on Internet interconnection issues in the market for Internetbackbone services. The …” „… interconnection partnerwhether the offered reach is to direct customers of the network or to third-partycustomers …” „… the possible regulation of Internet interconnection is the fact that the Commission’s decision on …”

Index S. 185-187

„… , 161f.interconnection agreements 41, 44,56ff., 117, 126, 171Internet Exchange Point 41, 58, 78,81 …” „… , 126186Internet interconnection 19, 35, 39ff.- direct interconnection 40, 43,81- indierect …” „… interconnection 40, 44- quality of 52, 54, 124- regulation of 77IP address 47f., 83leveraging of market power …”

Collusion on the Tier-1 level S. 129-132

„… the ISP degrades interconnection with some parts of the Internet, then the owner of the website will …” „… other ISPs or raise interconnection prices in the hopes of ousting competitors from the market. The …” „… hierarchy is in focus. For instance, for Internet interconnection via peering it is true that there is no …”

Computer networking S. 37-39

„… interconnection evolve? This question istaken up in section 3.5 which deals with Internet interconnection …” „… Developments in network interconnectionThe early computer networks were at first designed and operated for …”

Conclusions S. 61

„… development of network interconnection between ISPs. The three-tier hierarchy of the Internet is explained …” „… . Furthermore, both the technical and the commercial terms for Internet interconnection are reviewed.In chapter …”

List of Abbreviations S. 13-16

„… Co-operation and DevelopmentONA Open Network ArchitectureOSI Open Systems InterconnectionPC Personal …” „… ComputerPOI Point of InterconnectionPoP Point of PresencePRNET computer network of the U.S. militaryPSTN …”

History of telecommunication regulation in the United States S. 144-148

„… were therefore guaranteed interconnection with incumbent carriers. Incumbents were furtherobliged to …” „… offer interconnection on cost-based, non-discriminatory terms.To further support the evolvement of …” „… beyondaccess by interconnection (Hausman and Sidak, 2000: 432). First, the incumbentlocal exchange carriers …”

Analyzing the cost characteristics of the physical layer of the Internet S. 84-89

„… Presence: Access point to theISPs networkPoint of Interconnection between thenetworks of the incumbent …” „… highfrequency band are handed over to the ISP at a point of interconnection (POI) between the telephone …” „… switches and routers and where network interconnection is realized. Because of the sensitivity of the …”

Conclusions S. 132-133

„… interconnection are roughly similar to both parties. Thefear that a single Tier-1 ISP could be able to abuse a …” „… interconnectrespectively from deteriorating interconnection quality with lower-level networks.In principle, some market …”

Current regulation concerns in the Internet S. 20-21

„… amount of literature discussing the role of general competition policy inInternet interconnection.7 The …” „… interconnection.Chapter 4 lays the foundation for the economic analysis of the special competition policy and regulation …”

Standard definitions of Internet service provision S. 24-26

„… network, and (b) the structure of physical networks and routers that provide the interconnection.262.2 …” „… , the realization of interconnection with other networks, network management, etc. are part of Internet …”

Differentiating Internet core and Internet periphery S. 26-28

„… software, alsoIP-address assignment, the realization of interconnection with other networks, network …” „… for this approach is the reference model of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI model) developed in 1978 …”

Essential network elements of Internet service provision S. 78-80

„… management functions- Interconnection negotiations with othernetworks- the operation of Internet Exchange …” „… of web-sites to lower interconnection costs and to enhance the performance of theirnetwork (download …”

Typical cost and demand characteristics of network industries S. 18-20

„… network service requires an exclusive point-to-point interconnection between its location and the nearest …” „… inInternet interconnection.7 The main question dealt with in this literature is whether5 Only in the case of …”

A layered model of Internet services provision S. 28-32

„… of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI model) developed in 1978 by the International Standards …” „… - network management- Interconnection with other networks- …Physical layer- local communications …”

Conclusions S. 32-33

„… - Interconnection with other networks- …Physical layer- local communications infrastructure- long-distance …”

Packet-switching research S. 45-46

„… implications of the interconnection contractsan ISP has for its hierarchical position in the Internet.3.4 …”

History of telecommunications regulation in Europe S. 152-153

„… interconnection at non-discriminatory, reasonable and transparent conditions. Theinterconnection charges of …”

Appendix S. 172-176

„… Directive in respect of Directive 97/33/EC and Directive98/10/EC (leased line interconnection) and to those …”

Overview of the thesis S. 21-23

„… interconnection.Chapter 4 lays the foundation for the economic analysis of the special competition policy and regulation …”

IP addresses, autonomous system numbers and the domain name system S. 47-49

„… network nodes and interconnection points where the networks making upthe Internet interconnect. These …”

The present regulatory framework in Europe S. 153-156

„… . Regulation initially focused on competitionby interconnection at non-discriminatory, reasonable and …”

Network neutrality regulation S. 161-165

„… the powers for NRAs toaddress access and interconnection issues could be used to prevent any …”

Routers and routing S. 49-53

„… network nodes and interconnection points where the networks making upthe Internet interconnect. These …”

Case 2: Network externalities in a contestable natural monopoly S. 99-105

„… average costs.100is a telephone network. In a world without interconnection, a user will not switch toa …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212906

Peter Kindler, Jan Lieder - European Corporate Law

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Peter Kindler (ed.), Jan Lieder (ed.)

European Corporate Law

2021

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Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 22 System of interconnection of registers S. 139

„… System of interconnection of registers 1. A European central platform (‘the platform’) shall be …” „… established. 2. The system of interconnection of registers shall be composed of: — the registers of Member …” „… shall ensure the interoperability of their registers within the system of interconnection of registers …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 23 Development and operation of the platform S. 139-140

„… System of interconnection of registers 1. A European central platform (‘the platform’) shall be …” „… established. 2. The system of interconnection of registers shall be composed of: — the registers of Member …” „… shall ensure the interoperability of their registers within the system of interconnection of registers …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 21 Language of disclosure and translation of documents and particulars to be disclosed S. 138-139

„… system of interconnection of registers, make available, without delay, the information on the opening and …” „… company. 2. The register of the branch shall, through the system of interconnection of registers, ensure …” „… System of interconnection of registers 1. A European central platform (‘the platform’) shall be …”

Tobias de Raet Article 130 Registration S. 670-672

„… accessible through the system of interconnection of registers. 3. Member States shall ensure that the …” „… the Member State of each of the merging companies, through the system of interconnection of registers …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Notification Through the System of Interconnection of Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 III …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 25 Financing S. 141-142

„… of services provided by the system of interconnection of registers; (n) the procedure and technical …” „… interconnection of registers charged to its individual users. Nothing in this paragraph shall affect fees at the …” „… increased need for cross-border access to company information, the common system of interconnection of …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 18 Availability of electronic copies of documents and particulars S. 136-137

„… system of interconnection of registers. Article 18 Availability of electronic copies of documents and …” „… publicly available through the system of interconnection of registers. Member States may also make …” „… 14 are available through the system of interconnection of registers in a standard message format and …”

Peter Kindler Article 29 Disclosure of documents and particulars relating to a branch S. 159-163

„… deliver the information regarding its closure via the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS; Art 22 …” „… notification (within the meaning of Art 28 c sentence 1) via the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS …” „… of interconnection of registers. Article 18 and Article 19(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis. 4. Member …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 24 Implementing acts S. 140-141

„… interconnection of registers; (b) the technical specification of the communication protocols; (c) the technical …” „… of information within the system of interconnection of registers; (d) the technical specification …” „… interconnection of registers as regards the distribution and exchange of in- Art 24 Implementing acts 140 …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 19 Fees chargeable for documents and information S. 137-138

„… 14 also through the system of interconnection of registers. In addition to the register (see Art 16 …” „… documents and information referred to in Article 14 through the system of interconnection of registers shall …” „… free of charge through the system of interconnection of registers: (a) the name or names and legal form …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 26 Information on letters and order forms S. 142-143

„… European Parliament and of the Council as regards the interconnection of central, commercial and …” „… portal (see Art 17 para. 2) together form the European system of interconnection of registers which also …” „… referred to as Business Registers Interconnection System (BRIS). In contrast to a centralized European …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 p Registration S. 799-801

„… interconnection of registers. 3. Member States shall ensure that the registers in the Member States of the …” „… of interconnection of registers, that the recipient companies have been registered. Member States …” „… Member States of the recipient companies, through the system of interconnection of registers, that the …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 p Registration S. 483-485

„… available and accessible through the system of interconnection of registers. 4. 9 Stelmaszcyk, ‘Die neue …” „… departure Member State, through the system of interconnection of registers, that the cross-border conversion …” „… the register in the departure Member State through the system of interconnection of registers that the …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 15 Changes in documents and particulars S. 129

„… interconnection of registers established in accordance with Article 22 (‘the system of interconnection of …” „… system of interconnection of registers established by Directive 2009/101/EC of the European Parliament …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 17 Up-to-date information on national law with regard to the rights of third parties S. 136

„… system of interconnection of registers. Article 18 Availability of electronic copies of documents and …” „… publicly available through the system of interconnection of registers. Member States may also make …” „… 14 are available through the system of interconnection of registers in a standard message format and …”

Peter Kindler, Simon Jobst Article 28 a Online registration of branches S. 150-156

„… by means of the system of interconnection of registers when registering a branch of a company …” „… the system of interconnection of registers. The Member State where the company is registered shall …” „… information is handled via the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS; Art 22 of the Directive …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 16 Disclosure in the register S. 129-135

„… interconnection of registers established in accordance with Article 22 (‘the system of interconnection of …” „… system of interconnection of registers established by Directive 2009/101/EC of the European Parliament …” „… European unique identifier (EUID) has to be seen in context of the system of interconnection of registers …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 n Transmission of the pre-division certificate S. 796-797

„… shared with the authorities referred to in Article 160o(1) through the system of interconnection of …” „… of interconnection of registers. 2. Access to the pre-division certificate shall be free of charge …” „… with Article 160 o. Member States are required to utilize the system of interconnection of registers …”

Tobias de Raet Article 129 Date on which the cross-border merger takes effect S. 669-670

„… the system of interconnection of registers. 3. Member States shall ensure that the register in the …” „… State of each of the merging companies, through the system of interconnection of registers, that the …” „… . Notification Through the System of Interconnection of Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 III. Deletion of the …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 a Transmission of the pre-merger certificate S. 665-666

„… interconnection of registers. Member States shall also ensure that the pre-merger certificate is available through …” „… the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Access to the pre-merger certificate shall be free of …” „… certificate is available through the system of interconnection of registers pursuant to Article 22 and (ii …”

Peter Kindler Article 28 c Closure of branches S. 158-159

„… , by means of the system of interconnection of registers, the register of the Member State where the …” „… deliver the information regarding its closure via the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS; Art 22 …” „… notification (within the meaning of Art 28 c sentence 1) via the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 n Transmission of the pre-conversion certificate S. 478-479

„… the system of interconnection of registers. Member States shall also ensure that the pre-conversion …” „… certificate is available through the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Access to the pre-conversion …” „… interconnection of registers for purposes of transmitting and granting public access to the pre-conversion …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 16 a Access to disclosed information S. 135-136

„… entitled establish further access points to the system of interconnection of registers. Article 18 …” „… interconnection of registers. Member States may also make available documents and information referred to in …” „… interconnection of registers in a standard message format and accessible by electronic means. Member States shall …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 o Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border division S. 797-799

„… subparagraph publicly available and accessible through the system of interconnection of registers. 3. Member …” „… register in the Member State of the company being divided, through the system of interconnection of …” „… companies, through the system of interconnection of registers, that the cross‐border division has taken …”

Tobias de Raet Article 123 Disclosure S. 618-625

„… this paragraph shall also be accessible through the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Member …” „… interconnection of registers. Member States shall further ensure that any fees charged to the company by the …” „… public free of charge through the system of interconnection of registers and that any fees charged to the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 g Disclosure S. 766-769

„… through the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Member States may exempt a company being divided …” „… the system of interconnection of registers. Member States shall further ensure that any fees charged …” „… make the documentation accessible through the system of interconnection of registers (Article 160g(6 …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 20 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and on striking-off of a company from the register S. 138

„… system of interconnection of registers, make available, without delay, the information on the opening and …” „… company. 2. The register of the branch shall, through the system of interconnection of registers, ensure …”

Peter Kindler Article 30 a Changes to documents and information of the company S. 171-174

„… is registered shall notify, by means of the system of interconnection of registers, without delay …” „… , by means of the system of interconnection of registers, acknowledge receipt of such notification and …” „… of interconnection of registers (BRIS, Art 22). The notification is performed without delay by the …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 14 Documents and particulars to be disclosed by companies S. 125-129

„… through the system of interconnection of registers established in accordance with Article 22 (‘the system …” „… of interconnection of registers’). 5. 6. 1 Recital No. 33 of the directive 2019/1151/EU. (1 …” „… procedures required for the system of interconnection of registers established by Directive 2009/101/EC of …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 g Disclosure S. 425-429

„… accessible through the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Member States may exempt a company from the …” „… paragraph 3 is accessible to the public free of charge through the system of interconnection of registers …” „… Interconnection System (BRIS)3 (Article 86 h (6)). The disclosure requirements imposed under Article 86 e do not …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 t Validity S. 489-490

„… the Council as regards the interconnection of central, commercial and company registers (BRIS …” „… technical specifications and procedures required for the system of interconnection of registers established …”

Peter Kindler, Simon Jobst Article 28 b Online filing of documents and information for branches S. 156-158

„… the branch can be verified by means of the system of interconnection of registers (BRIS; Art 22 of the …” „… branch of a company is registered informs, by means of the system of interconnection of registers, the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 m Pre-division certificate S. 790-796

„… the system of interconnection of registers. Member States shall also ensure that the pre-division …” „… certificate is available through the system of interconnection of registers. 2. Access to the pre-division …” „… interconnection of registers for purposes of transmitting and granting public access to the pre-division …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 Pre-merger certificate S. 658-665

„… referred to in Article 128(1) through the system of interconnection of registers. Member States shall also …” „… ensure that the pre-merger certificate is available through the system of interconnection of registers. 2 …” „… interconnection of registers pursuant to Article 22 and (ii) the information is accessible free of charge. When …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 m Pre-conversion certificate S. 467-478

„… disclosure and interconnection of central, commercial and companies registers. c) 13 See → Art 86 n. 14 See …” „… shared with the authorities referred to in Article 86 o (1) through the system of interconnection of …” „… system of interconnection of registers. 2. Access to the pre-conversion certificate shall be free of …”

Peter Kindler Article 34 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and on striking-off of the company from the register S. 179-182

„… /EEC on branches as amended by Directive 2012/17/EU of 13 June 2012 as regards the interconnection of …” „… June 2012 as regards the interconnection of central, commercial and companies registers. It was …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 o Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border conversion by the destination Member State S. 479-483

„… through the system of interconnection of registers (Article 86 n). Unlike the competent authority in the …” „… interconnection of registers. 4. 9 Stelmaszcyk, ‘Die neue Umwandlungsrichtlinie – harmonisierte Verfahren für …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Foreword to Arts 7-12 S. 87-92

„… Articles 7–12. The second part is the first section “Disclosure and interconnection of central, commercial …” „… Europe-wide access and use of the register, this section now also contains articles on the interconnection of …”

Index S. 1029-1055

„… III 1 14, 6 14 Business Registers Interconnection System Intro 156, 25 2, 28c 5, 36 3 – cross-border …” „… scrutiny 85a-86u 16 European private company Intro 173 European system of interconnection of registers 25 …” „… – interconnection 25 1 – interoperation 25 1 – of origin 29 1 – of shareholders III 5 11, 7 5 – system of …”

Peter Kindler Article 30 Documents and particulars to be disclosed S. 163-171

„… notify, by means of the system of interconnection of registers, without delay, the Member State where a …” „… interconnection of registers, acknowledge receipt of such notification and shall ensure that the documents and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 21 138 System of interconnection of registers …” „… Interconnection System BRRD Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (2014/59/EU) BT-Drs. Bundestags-Drucksache CDE …”

Peter Kindler Article 33 Disclosure in cases of multiple branches in a Member State S. 177-179

„… /EEC on branches as amended by Directive 2012/17/EU of 13 June 2012 as regards the interconnection of …”

Peter Kindler Article 36 Disclosure of documents and particulars relating to a branch S. 183-186

„… provide for the use of the system of interconnection of registers within the disclosure requirements …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 h Approval by the general meeting S. 769-773

„… make the documentation accessible through the system of interconnection of registers (Article 160g(6 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 87 General provisions S. 494-501

„… the Council as regards the interconnection of central, commercial and company registers (BRIS …” „… technical specifications and procedures required for the system of interconnection of registers established …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Article 7 General provisions and joint and several liability S. 92-96

„… and use of the register, this section now also contains articles on the interconnection of the …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 13 g Online formation of companies S. 116-121

„… under the right of representation in foreign companies.19 The interconnection of the registers did not …”

Tobias de Raet Article 131 Consequences of a cross-border merger S. 672-677

„… tainty.8 The system of interconnection of registers, in particular, enhances communication between …”

Tobias de Raet Article 118 General provisions S. 576-594

„… requirements.55 The Business Registers Interconnection System (BRIS) Directive 2012/17/EU56 amended Article 13 …” „… the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the interconnection of central, commercial and …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 a Scope S. 731-744

„… registers with public notice of European interconnection of registers and, where appropriate, the Official …”

Tobias de Raet Article 122 Common draft terms of cross-border mergers S. 605-618

„… of interconnection of registers. 2. Member States may exempt merging companies from the disclosure …”

Jan P. Brosius Foreword to Arts 44-85 S. 204-223

„… processes regarding the disclosure and interconnection of central, commercial and companies registers of …”

Peter Kindler Introduction S. 1-65

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Frank Vollmer

Poverty Revisited

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 12 2013

Results in this title

Interconnections and complementarity of instrumental freedoms S. 82-84

„… Interconnections and complementarity of instrumental freedomsThe five instrumental freedoms are …” „… . That is, because they interconnect and complement each other. While certain interconnections and …” „… complementarities are easier to understand and are also more widelyaccepted, such as the interconnection between …”

Freedom – Constitutive and Instrumental Roles S. 78-82

„… Interconnections and complementarity of instrumental freedomsThe five instrumental freedoms are important on their …” „… , because they interconnect and complement each other. While certain interconnections and complementarities …” „… are easier to understand and are also more widelyaccepted, such as the interconnection between …”

Categorisations S. 50-51

„… interconnections to the notion of power- imbalances also conceptualised in other disciplinary fields, such as in IR …”

Further concept: Adverse incorporation S. 51-52

„… strong interconnections to the notion of power- imbalances also conceptualised in other disciplinary …”

In a nutshell S. 68-69

„… understanding of the various interconnections of instruments for the overall advancement of human development …”

Locating the CA into a school of thought S. 67-68

„… understanding of the various interconnections of instruments for the overall advancement of human development …”

Contents S. 9-14

„… 77Freedom – Constitutive and Instrumental Roles3.4.3 78Interconnections and complementarity of …”

What kind of Capabilities? S. 84-87

„… various interconnections, empirically andcausal observed rather than theoretically presented, that Sen …”

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Gordian N. Hasselblatt - Community Design Regulation

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Gordian N. Hasselblatt (ed.)

Community Design Regulation

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

Results in this title

Designs dictated by their technical function and designs of interconnections S. 148-169

„… their technical function and designs of interconnections 1. A Community design shall not subsist in …” „… causative test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 B. Designs of interconnections …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2. The mechanical nature of interconnection …”

Index S. 1022-1041

„… . – designs of interconnections see there – historical background 8 4 et seq. – modular system see Designs of …” „… Design of interconnections 8 1 et seq., 49 et seq., 25 47 – grounds for declaration of invalidity 53 13 …” „… shape of the product 8 58 – interconnection in relation to functioning 8 59 – mechanical nature of …”

Annex 5 GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION IN THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) ON REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS S. 964-993

„… . Alternative shapes 5.4. Designs of interconnections 5.5. Lack of novelty and individual character 5.5.1 …” „… grounds of Article 8(1) and (2) CDR (functionality and designs of interconnections), and the ground of …” „… consisting of other shapes. 5.4. Designs of interconnections Features of a Community design are excluded from …”

Scope of protection S. 174-176

„… . 4 (2)), or features which are dictated by their technical function or form interconnections (Art. 8 …”

Annex 1 Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs (Design Harmonisation Directive) S. 866-873

„… and designs of interconnections 1. A design right shall not subsist in features of appearance of a …”

Disclosure S. 140-148

„… their technical function and designs of interconnections 1. A Community design shall not subsist in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-23

„… ................................................................................................................. 117 Article 8 Designs dictated by their technical function and designs of interconnections …”

Examination of the application S. 400-413

„… entitlement, (iii) technical function, (iv) designs of interconnections, (v) lack of novelty and individual …”

Grounds for invalidity S. 244-259

„… disclaimed features are dictated by a function or by interconnection purposes (Article 8 (1) and (2) CDR, or …”

Annex 4 GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION IN THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) ON REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS S. 912-964

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