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Gerhard Robbers - The Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious Communities

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Gerhard Robbers

The Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious Communities

2021

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C. Analysis S. 13-83

„… excessive burdens, and the Law is unduly vague. Freedom of religion or belief – Article 9 ECHR 39. The …” „… European Convention on Human Rights protects freedom of religion or belief in Article 9. The provision …” „… religion or belief. 41. Religious communities enjoy the right to freedom of religion or belief.14 42. The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… The Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious Communities …” „… Gerhard Robbers Nomos Gerhard Robbers The Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal …” „… Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious Communities Gerhard Robbers …”

D. Annex S. 84-152

„… THE DRAFT LAW ON THE FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEFS AND THE LEGAL POSITION OF RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES …” „… the Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and the Legal Position of Religious Communities. The analysis of …” „… on the Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and the Legal Position of Religious Communities, pursuant to …”

A. Executive Summary S. 11

„… European Union. 1. The provisions on registration violate freedom of religion or belief (in particular …” „… the freedom of religion or belief (in particular Article 9 ECHR). a) The assertion that the property …” „… . 3. The regime of cultural heritage violates freedom of religion or belief (in particular Article 9 …”

B. General Remarks S. 12

„… General Remarks 1. This legal opinion examines the “Law on Freedom of Religion or Belief and Legal …” „… ., Montenegro Opinion on the Draft Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious …” „… Status of Religious Communities of Montenegro” (in the following referred to as “the Law”). It is an …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927082

Federal Constitutional Court - Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht - Federal Constitutional Court - Federal Republic of Germa

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Federal Constitutional Court (ed.)

Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht - Federal Constitutional Court - Federal Republic of Germa

2007

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BVerfGE 24, 236 Order of the First Senate of 16 October 1968 – 1 BvR 241/66 “Rag collector case” Guarantee of the right to organise collections for church or religious purposes and to announce them from the pulpit. Freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief for associations with not all-embracing, but only partial care for the religious or ideological life of their members (Catholic Agricultural and Rural Youth). S. 67-75

„… Law) is contained per se in the definition of freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief …” „… other limits on this freedom of action. These assertions are not manifestly untenable. … III. The …” „… (Article 4.1 of the Basic Law). Regardless of whether it is a matter of a religious belief or a …”

BVerfGE 44, 37 Order of the First Senate of 8 February 1977 – 1 BvR 329/71, 217, 2237/73 and 199, 217/74 “Church tax after resignation of church membership case” Statutory period (“consideration period”) for the effectiveness of a declaration of resignation of church membership; “subsequent taxation” of a person who has resigned church membership. S. 147-161

„… right to freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief. Article 4.1 of the Basic Law was said to …” „… freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief, Article 4.1 of the Basic Law guarantees a legal area …” „… constitutional restriction of freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief. 1. a) By means of the Prussian …”

Index S. 459-466

„… 243 association – autonomy of 267, 274-277 – freedom of 38, 218-219, 221, 223-224 – negative right of …” „… 54, 58, 60, 216 – religious freedom of 191, 221, 262, 270-273, 276, 321, 327 – associations, private …” „… – protection of status and freedom of the churches in their material basis 300, 309 church collects 49 church …”

BVerfGE 41, 29 Order of the First Senate of 17 December 1975 – 1 BvR 63/68 “Christian interdenominational school in the Baden tradition case” Christian interdenominational school according to the tradition of the Land Baden-Württemberg. S. 112-125

„… ] religious freedom is supposed to protect especially the belief (the ideology) of the minority from …” „… concerned, this subjects the state to strong restraints. Freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief …” „… reducing all beliefs to the same level, but as recognising freedom of personality. … Judges: Dr. Benda, Dr …”

BVerfGE 52, 223 Order of the First Senate of 16 October 1979 – 1 BvR 647/70 and 7/74 “School prayer in state schools case” Voluntary interdenominational school prayer in interdenominational schools outside religious instruction. S. 186-203

„… object to the holding of the prayer; their fundamental right to negative freedom to profess a belief is …” „… right to freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief of those pupils (or their parents) who reject …” „… , the positive freedom to profess a belief is alleged to be subject to the boundaries of Article 2.1 of …”

BVerfGE 93, 1 Order of the First Senate of 16 May 1995 – 1 BvR 1087/91 “Classroom crucifix case” Freedom of faith and the affixation of crosses or crucifixes in schoolrooms. S. 300-321

„… from the affixation of crosses in the classrooms of state schools … The freedom to profess a belief of …” „… setting a jointly spoken school prayer did not encroach on the negative religious freedom of dissenters …” „… . Article 4.1 of the Basic Law protects freedom of faith. The decision for or against a faith is according …”

BVerfGE 108, 282 Judgment of the Second Senate of 24 September 2003 – 2 BvR 1436/02 “Headscarf case” Headscarf in class. S. 397-438

„… freedom to profess a belief to be taken more extensively into account was not possible in view of the …” „… accept restrictions of their positive freedom to profess a belief; these were necessary in order to …” „… refusing her petition, she submitted, violated the fundamental right of freedom of religion under Article …”

BVerfGE 42, 312 Order of the Second Senate of 21 September 1976 – 2 BvR 350/75 “Church officer as member of the Bundestag case” Granting leave of absence to ministers and church officers for the duration of a term of office as a member of parliament in the Bundestag or in the legislative bodies of a Land. S. 126-146

„… guarantees as a fundamental right, inter alia, collective freedom of belief and worship, including the …” „… church freedom to profess a belief and freedom of worship (Article 4 of the Basic Law). In the present …” „… right of freedom to profess a belief. The freedom to profess a religious belief is not only the freedom …”

BVerfGE 53, 366 Order of the Second Senate of 25 March 1980 – 2 BvR 208/76 “Hospital law and church self-determination case” Secular order on the structure and organisation of hospitals that are operated by religious societies, or institutions that are on an equal footing with them or associated with them, as a violation of the constitutional guarantee of the church’s right of self-determination (Hospital Act of the Land North-Rhine/Westphalia). S. 204-233

„… the sphere of the freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief, guaranteed by Article 4.1 of the …” „… comprises both the freedom of the individual to profess a belief in private and in public and also …” „… , necessarily, the freedom to form associations for the purpose of collective public profession of belief, and …”

BVerfGE 102, 370 Judgment of the Second Senate of 19 December 2000 – 2 BvR 1500/97 “Jehovah’s Witnesses case” S. 338-356

„… direct expression of its freedom of religion that was protected by fundamental rights, and may therefore …” „… fundamental right under Article 4 of the Basic Law. It was a part of the protection of the religious freedom …” „… . … [I.] As an association aiming to care for and further a religious creed and to proclaim the belief of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… them from the pulpit. Freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief for associations with not …” „… – Federal Constitutional Court – Federal Republic of Germany Volume 4: The Law of Freedom of Faith and …” „… therefor protection of freedom of faith (Articles 4 and 5 of the Basic Law). 1 2. BVerfGE 19, 1 Order of …”

BVerfGE 30, 415 Order of the First Senate of 31 March 1971 – 1 BvR 744/67 “Church tax liability case” Linking liability to pay church tax to baptism and place of residence. S. 76-83

„… baptism and place of residence does not violate freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief or the …” „… provision guarantees with the freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief, and with the undisturbed …” „… of faith and freedom to profess a belief. In this respect, the parents act in their parental …”

BVerfGE 83, 341 Order of the Second Senate of 5 February 1991 – 2 BvR 263/86 “Bahá’í case” Consideration of freedom of religion in interpretation and application of provisions of the Civil Code regarding associations (registration of the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís in the register of associations). S. 284-299

„… , including freedom to profess a belief, freedom of private and public practice of religion (freedom of …” „… , insofar as it is rooted in the area of freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief that are …” „… community may not justify for it and its members the invocation of the guarantee of freedom contained in …”

BVerfGE 35, 366 Order of the First Senate of 17 July 1973 – 1 BvR 308/69 “Cross in the courtroom case” Placing crosses in the courtroom. S. 106-111

„… the freedom of faith, of conscience and freedom to profess a belief, of human dignity or of the …” „… freedom to profess a belief (Article 4.1 of the Basic Law), of the principle of equality (Articles 3.1 and …” „… complainants challenge that there has been a violation of their freedom of faith and of conscience and their …”

BVerfGE 44, 59 Order of the First Senate of 8 February 1977 – 1 BvL 7/71 “Church tax after resignation of church membership case” (in supplement to BVerfGE 44, 37) Levying church tax on a person who resigned church membership until expiry of the calendar month following the declaration of resignation of church membership. S. 162-169

„… freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief and its impact on the enforcement of taxation must be …” „… impairment of freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief linked to the levying of church tax for a …” „… to free development of the personality, as well as to freedom of faith and of conscience and freedom …”

BVerfGE 46, 73 Order of the Second Senate of 11 October 1977 – 2 BvR 209/76 “Church institution and works constitution law case” Works council in a charitable Catholic hospital. S. 170-185

„… constitution, citizens of the town could be admitted regardless of their belief “in return for a fair payment …” „… people regardless of their status, their race and their religious belief and that the foundation directly …” „… general freedom of action (Article 2.1 of the Basic Law) in conjunction with Article 140 of the Basic Law …”

BVerfGE 32, 98 Order of the First Senate of 19 October 1971 – 1 BvR 387/65 “Freedom of faith and failure to lend assistance case” Extended application of the fundamental right to freedom of faith to punishment for failure to lend assistance. S. 84-91

„… right to freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief (Article 4.1 of the Basic Law) in an …” „… declares the freedom of faith, of conscience and freedom to profess a belief to be inalienable (see BVerfGE …” „… 62 No. 8 BVerfGE 32, 98 of 19 October 1971 – 1 BvR 387/65 – “Freedom of faith and failure to lend …”

BVerfGE 12, 1 Order of the First Senate of 8 November 1960 – 1 BvR 59/56 “Solicitation for resignation of church membership case” Anyone promising tobacco to fellow inmates in order to induce them to resign church membership does not enjoy therefor protection of freedom of faith (Articles 4 and 5 of the Basic Law). S. 23-26

„… membership case” HEADNOTES: 1. The fundamental right of freedom of faith permits one to express and also to …” „… remain silent concerning whether and what one believes or does not believe. 2. Freedom of faith also …” „… not enjoy therefor protection of freedom of faith. Order of the First Senate of 8 November 1960 – 1 …”

BVerfGE 70, 138 Order of the Second Senate of 4 June 1985 – 2 BvR 1703, 718/83 and 856/84 “Labour law in church hospital case” The effectiveness of notices of termination of employment given by church institutions to employees in their service for the violation of ecclesiastical obligations of loyalty. S. 248-268

„… Church with educational tasks, can rely on the fundamental right of freedom of religion. The courts in …” „… religious belief. They may file constitutional complaints to defend their fundamental right of undisturbed …” „… , including churches, the freedom to organise and administer their affairs independently within the limits of …”

BVerfGE 33, 23 Order of the Second Senate of 11 April 1972 – 2 BvR 75/71 “Oath refusal case” Protection of the religious conviction which refuses to take the oath of a witness even without invoking God. S. 92-105

„… the fundamental right to freedom of faith under Article 4.1 of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz – GG) can …” „… right to freedom of faith and of conscience, he refused to take the oath of a witness because according …” „… his fundamental right to freedom of faith and of conscience protected in Article 4.1 of the Basic Law …”

BVerfGE 19, 1 Order of the First Senate of 28 April 1965 – 1 BvR 346/61 “Exemption from fees for religious communities case” Exemption of the New Apostolic Church from fees in accordance with § 8.1 no. 4 of the Prussian Court Costs Act. S. 27-36

„… interest of all citizens’ freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief. However, the Basic Law does not …” „… prejudice to the freedom of religion guaranteed in Article 12”. That legal position prevailed until the …” „… 5No. 2 BVerfGE 19, 1 of 28 April 1965 – 1 BvR 346/61 – “Exemption from fees for religious …”

BVerfGE 105, 279 Order of the First Senate of 26 June 2002 – 1 BvR 670/91 “Sect warning case” Fundamental right of the freedom of religion and ideology (Article 4.1 and 4.2 of the Basic Law as a barrier to the information activity of the Federal Government – Osho Movement). S. 377-396

„… fundamental right of the freedom to profess a non-religious belief and of the state’s duty of neutrality, it …” „… fundamental right to freedom of religion and ideology under Article 4.1 and 4.2 of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz …” „… at the abovenamed conference on the topic of “New youth religions – Protecting the freedom of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205540

Hans G. Kippenberg - Regulierungen der Religionsfreiheit

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Hans G. Kippenberg

Regulierungen der Religionsfreiheit

2019

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Quellenanhang S. 137-178

„… which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been …” „… shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either …” „… freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice. (3) Freedom to manifest one's religion or …”

4. Die Erweiterung der Rechte religiöser Gemeinschaften und das Problem der Intoleranz S. 58-79

„… and Discrimination, 41-43. 133 Donna J. Sullivan, „Advancing the Freedom of Religion or Belief through …” „… , „Advancing the Freedom of Religion or Belief through the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Religious …” „… , Ghanea, Wiener, Freedom of Religion and Belief, 323f. 4.1 „Erklärung der VN über die Beseitigung von …”

Bibliographie S. 179-190

„… , Heiner, Freedom of Religion or Belief; Thematic Reports of the UN Special Rapporteur 2010-2016. Bonn …” „… / Sheen, Juliet, Freedom of Religion and Belief. A World Report, London/ New York:: Routledge 1997 …” „… Dealing with Turkey and the Human Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief: An Assessment of Leyla Sahin v …”

1. Ein unveräußerliches Recht aller Menschen: Freiheit der Religion und Überzeugung (belief) in der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte S. 22-40

„… Autonomie. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp 1986, 54‑70. 29 Christian Walter, „Religion or Belief, Freedom of …” „… Ghanea, Michael Wiener, Freedom of Religion and Belief. An International Law Commentary, Oxford: UP …” „… Sheen, Juliet, Freedom of Religion and Belief. A World Report, London/ New York: Routledge 1997, 5-7 43 …”

3. Arcot Krishnaswami’s Studie zur Diskriminierung von Manifestationen von Religion und seine Ermittlung von religiösen Rechten S. 46-57

„… 25.6.18); zu Krishnaswami: Bahiyyih G. Tahzib, Freedom of Religion or Belief: Ensuring Effective …” „… religion or belief, there is discrimination.”112 111 Krishnaswami, Study of Discrimination42-45. B. Freedom …” „… Erklärung gegen religiöse Dis- 113 Bielefeldt/Ghanea/Wiener, Freedom of Religion and Belief., 323-324 …”

9. Die Reichweite der Religionsfreiheit und des Rechts auf ihren Schutz im Europäischen Menschenrecht S. 107-129

„… Dealing with Turkey and the Human Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief: An Assessment of Leyla Sahin v …” „… einer Forschungsabteilung des EGMR: Overview of the Court’s case-law on freedom of religion.254Er …” „… Religionsfreiheit (scope of the right to freedom of religion) und Reichweite des Schutzes von Religionsfreiheit …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… (formally European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (dt. Europäische …” „… : Harvard UP 1994. 4 The Impossibility of Religious Freedom (2004). Princeton: UP 20182. Vorwort 14 …” „… Freiheit auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene wirksam werden. (Krishnaswami, Study of Discrimination …”

2. Die Verrechtlichung der öffentlichen Bekundungen von Religion im „Internationalen Pakt über bürgerliche und politische Rechte“ (1966/1976) S. 41-45

„… Bielefeldt, Ghanea, Wiener, Freedom of Religion and Belief, XV-XVII. 84 https://www.humanrights.ch/de/service …” „… „Sozialpakt“) sowie zwei Protokollen die sogenannte International Bill of Human Rights.77 Vertragsparteien …” „… Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev. 1), The International Bill of Human Rights herausgegeben vom Amt des …”

8. Die Europäisierung des allgemeinen Menschenrechts mittels der Urteile des Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte in Straßburg S. 100-106

„… Religion und Überzeugung vor: Guidelines for Review of Legislation pertaining to Religion and Belief. Die …” „… westeuropäischer Staaten, hatte 1950 eine Menschenrechtskonvention verabschiedet: Convention for the Protection of …” „… Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Europäische Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297422

Meinrad Handstanger, Benedikt Harzl, Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay, Emma Lantschner, Elmar Pichl, Jürgen Pirker, Klaus Poier, Günther Rautz, Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Hedwig Unger - Law and Politics

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Meinrad Handstanger (ed.), Benedikt Harzl (ed.), Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay (ed.), Emma Lantschner (ed.), Elmar Pichl (ed.), Jürgen Pirker (ed.), Klaus Poier (ed.), Günther Rautz (ed.), Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

Law and Politics

2022

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Aistė Mickonytė The Law and Politics of the Freedom of Religion: The Achbita Case of the European Court of Justice S. 757-770

„… religious beliefs in ascertaining the meaning and scope of the religious freedom under EU law entails …” „… than others in a similar situation for manifesting their religious beliefs. Freedom of religion is …” „… Freedom of Religion or Belief: The 25 Years since Kokkinakis (2019), 57–81, at 61–62.66 Marko …”

Maximilian Lakitsch Human Security and its Discontents: Facing the Pitfalls of a Depoliticization of Peace S. 851-868

„… fear and the freedom from want. On the one hand, by avoiding any clear definition of this relationship …” „… assumes that an additive understanding of the relation between the freedoms from fear and from want …” „… relationship of the concept’s freedoms.Additive Relationships between the Freedoms …”

Kerstin Wonisch Religious Minorities in the Middle East: Caught between remnants of Islamic Law and Sectarian Politics S. 789-814

„… , and to the right of freedom of religion and belief as such, are the order of the day in Muslim …” „… Since 2014, 2019..Kerstin Wonisch802tion.91 Article 64 guarantees freedom of belief, but only for the …” „… before the law95, as well as for freedom of belief96, for the right to practice religious rituals, and to …”

Leonidas Makris, Zoran Ilievski Mill’s Perfectionism: A Concrete Political and Moral Vision for Happiness and the Good S. 79-102

„… how the ideal aspect of Millian reasoning blends smoothly with his defence of freedom comprising an …” „… his freedom’s ‘rigidity‘, fitting it thus more suitably with the rest of his perfectionist ethic. The …” „… the underpinning of its basic concepts, namely happiness and freedom, comprises where needed the …”

Mikhail Antonov Russian conservatism and human rights in Europe S. 869-888

„… value of freedom. By way of example one can cite the scandalous statement of the Russian Constitutional …” „… , “Balancing Religious Freedoms: Some Examples from the Practice of the RF Constitutional Court”, in Piotr …” „… State (2019), 152–183.31 Arcady Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia: The Journey from Gorbachev's Freedom …”

Roberta Medda-Windischer Changing Perspectives in Minority Studies: A Human Rights Model of Diversity Governance for Old and New Minorities S. 483-510

„… differing economic situations and the freedom of movement that growing economic integration within Europe …” „… person belonging to a national minority to freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom of association, freedom …” „… of expression, and freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Article 8 FCNM refers to the right …”

Andrea Carlà The Politics of Events: Twenty Years of 9/11 S. 681-708

„… in July 2002, was that terrorist networks “take advantage of our freedom and openness by secretly …” „… The Politics of Events: Twenty Years of 9/11Andrea Carlà2020 will be remembered in history books as …” „… the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. With its death toll and the restrictive measures taken by …”

Gerhard Jandl In Verantwortung der Menschenrechte: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Europarats S. 817-850

„… . „The impact of the sanitary crisis on freedom of expression and media freedom“. SG/Inf(2020)19 vom …” „… threats to Freedom of Expression: interference with the coverage of public events, broadcasting bans and …” „… , volume XXI, 759 – 772.Malik K. (2018): None of us should enjoy the right to have our beliefs shielded …”

Verena Wisthaler Wanted and unwanted migrants in South Tyrol. Constructing the collective identity through ‘othering’ S. 631-654

„… “have to 1.631de-construct the belief in ‘identity’ as intrinsic ‘property’ of individuals or …” „… resembles the populist right-wing tradition of the Austrian Freedom party, which has always had a strong …” „… ‘othering’Verena WisthalerWe do not have to make Tyroleans out of immigrants – we should not even make Tyroleans …”

Roberto Toniatti The Recognition of a New Minority by Judicial Ruling: the Case of the LGBTI Community in Nepal S. 737-754

„… Nepali society: for instance, protection of civil and political rights (art. 17, Right to Freedom: of …” „… The Recognition of a New Minority by Judicial Ruling: the Case of the LGBTI Community in …” „… NepalRoberto ToniattiIntroduction: the experience of transformative constitutionalism in the recent transition …”

Alexandra Tomaselli The Intertwinement of History, Law and Politics in the case of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Latin America S. 709-736

„… the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Mr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen …” „… The Intertwinement of History, Law and Politics in the case of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Latin …” „… AmericaAlexandra TomaselliIntroductionOn 10 August 1809, at the call of the notorious “grito de independencia …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933113

Kerstin von der Decken, Angelika Günzel - Staat – Religion – Recht

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Kerstin von der Decken (ed.), Angelika Günzel (ed.)

Staat – Religion – Recht

2020

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Merilin Kiviorg Religious Freedom and Security in Eastern Europe and Central Asia S. 393-410

„… Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Heiner Bielefeldt – Addendum – Mission to Kazakhstan …” „… on human rights generally and for freedom of religion or belief specifically when used in identity …” „… of freedom of religion or belief in the former USSR with examples from selected countries (primarily …”

Michael Wiener From “Religions versus Human Rights” to “Faith for Rights” S. 319-332

„… for the whole range of human rights. Indeed, freedom of religion or belief has been part and parcel of …” „… the enjoyment of freedom of religion or belief, and healthy dialogue and debate about religion.”17 In …” „… Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Heiner Bielefeldt, 29 December 2014, UN Doc. A/HRC …”

Mark Hill Limitations on Freedom of Religion: Assessing the Reach of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights S. 815-830

„… et al. (eds), The European Court of Human Rights and the Freedom of Religion or Belief, Leiden 2019 …” „… Limitations on Freedom of Religion: Assessing the Reach of Article 9 of the European Convention on …” „… Rights (1948) has particular relevance in that it provides: “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought …”

Lina Papadopoulou Prohibitions of Religiously Loaded Speech. (How) Can Advocacy for Allowing Blasphemy be Reconciled with Supporting the Prohibition of Hate Speech? S. 847-864

„… Freedom of Religion or Belief in Germany, Emory International Law Review 19 (2005), 841, 848. 32 …” „… Bielefeldt, Misperceptions of Freedom of Religion or Belief, Human Rights Quarterly 35 (2013), 33, 42. 33 …” „… facie – restriction of the freedom of speech as a special form of expression. As such, they deserve to …”

Miguel Rodríguez Blanco Public Funding of Religions in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights S. 595-614

„… of the curriculum, it is not just funding freedom of religion, but effectively safeguarding the right …” „… necessarily follow that the public authorities are promoting freedom of religion as such if they grant …” „… ) have a common basis: recognising and protecting the fundamental right of freedom of religion. The …”

Silvio Ferrari Religious Minorities and Legal Pluralism in Europe S. 353-368

„… - 20 See Bielefeldt/Ghanea/Wiener, Freedom of Religion or Belief. An International Law Commentary …” „… Minorities and Legal Pluralism in Europe 365 Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion and Belief. In …” „… civil marriage: “The Special Rapporteur would like to emphasize that freedom of religion or belief also …”

Javier Martínez-Torrón Freedom of Expression and Abusive Speech: Some Thoughts in the Light of Recent Strasbourg Judgments S. 831-846

„… constitutes an integral part of the freedom of religion or belief guaranteed by art. 9 ECHR. Much could be …” „… Freedom of Expression and Abusive Speech: Some Thoughts in the Light of Recent Strasbourg Judgments …” „… Javier Martínez-Torrón* A Recurrent Issue Freedom of expression, recognized by art. 10 of the European …”

Michał Rynkowski The Case of Dr JQ – Dr Rommelfanger’s Case of the 21st Century? S. 521-538

„… , otherwise than under a contract of employment Michał Rynkowski 524 spective of the freedoms of the Internal …” „… as the staff of public authorities, which is excluded from the freedoms of the Internal Market. This …” „… discussion is of limited importance as long as the Member States do not limit the freedom of movement of the …”

Iván C. Ibán The Religious Factor and Civil Society in Spain: One Generation Later S. 457-474

„… past. And, clearly, it will have no connection with possible problems of religious freedom, or any …” „… until the Constitution of 1978 that the bases were set that enabled the move toward complete freedom of …” „… advantages that were recognised were those that were specified in the aforementioned Law of Religious Freedom …”

Sima Avramović The Shaping of the Law on Religion in Serbia, Gerhard Robbers, and Legal Transplants S. 493-508

„… , Leuven 2005, 19-32; Robbers, Permissible Scope of Legal Limitations on the Freedom of Religion or Belief …” „… draft the new Law on Religious Freedom (which was the first title of the expected law). I was nominated …” „… Religious Freedom and sent it to the then bicameral Parliament (which was a remnant of the ex-Yugoslav …”

Verzeichnis der Publikationen von Gerhard Robbers S. 1127-1168

„… Freedom of Religion and Belief in a Democratic Society: Searching for Ways to Combat Terrorism and …” „… 9.7.2006. 31. The Permissible Scope of Legal Limitations on the Freedom of Religion or Belief in Germany …” „… , Jr./Silvio Ferrari/Cristiana Cianitto/Donlu Thayer (Hrsg.), Law, Religion, Constitution. Freedom of Religion …”

Balázs Schanda The Constitutional Protection of Hungary’s Christian Culture S. 1023-1036

„… freedom of religion includes the freedom of individuals, religious communities, and leaders to formulate …” „… quite important. In both cases, the freedom of criticism is protected by the right of free speech and …” „… principle of neutrality stems (freedom of conscience and religion, the prohibition of negative …”

Kerstin von der Decken, Angelika Günzel Das wissenschaftliche, gesellschaftliche und kirchliche Wirken von Gerhard Robbers S. 17-22

„… . Besonders hervorzuheben ist sein Engagement als Mitglied des „OSCE Advisory Council for Freedom of Religion …” „… „Encyclopedia of World Constitutions“. Im Bereich des Religionsverfassungsrechts hat Gerhard Robbers durch die …” „… Präsident des „European Consortium of Church and State Research“ in den Jahren 2003 bis 2004. An der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748909873

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