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Franz Marhold, Ulrich Becker, Eberhard Eichenhofer, Gerhard Igl, Giulio Prosperetti - Arbeits- und Sozialrecht für Europa

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Franz Marhold (ed.), Ulrich Becker (ed.), Eberhard Eichenhofer (ed.), Gerhard Igl (ed.), Giulio Prosperetti (ed.)

Arbeits- und Sozialrecht für Europa

2020

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Antonio Ojeda-Avilés Religious freedom versus company freedom: adjustment techniques S. 229-250

„… Religious freedom versus company freedom: adjustment techniques Antonio Ojeda-Avilés, Seville From …” „… situations by the principles of freedom of enterprise and/or confessionality of the entrepreneur. With this …” „… connected with the rights of freedom, while critics cling to social rights of a social nature to direct go …”

Grega Strban Social Risk S. 741-756

„… 'employed and self-employed migrant workers', although for self-employed persons freedoms of establishment …” „… perception of freedoms, directly based on human reason and conscience) and social human rights (enjoyed by a …” „… economic freedoms and the EU competition law on national social security systems. According to the CJEU …”

Gertruda Uścińska Changing Work Patterns’ Impact on Social Security in Europe S. 769-778

„… and state administration in the optimal use of opportunities offered by the freedom of movement and in …” „… and the Advisory Committee on Freedom of Movement for Workers. Establishment of the Authority is …” „… individuals, economies and societies as a whole. The freedom of movement of persons is also one of the most …”

Andrea Lassandari Trade unions’ crisis in a globalized contest: can a transnational collective interest arise? S. 125-136

„… distribution between them2. Meanwhile, trade unions, whose freedom was anywhere guaranteed – and whose activity …” „… 2000, Development as Freedom 1999). 15 Frege M. Carola and Kelly John, ‘Union Revitalization Strategies …” „… precise guarantees in terms of freedom of association, with some (more controversial) repercussions on the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Nogler Religious freedom versus company freedom: adjustment techniques 229 Antonio Ojeda-Avilés Die …”

Rob Cornelissen 60 years of European social security coordination. Achievements, controversies and challenges S. 417-434

„… them. They do not affect the freedom of Member States to determine their own systems. Member States are …” „… basis which aims to facilitate freedom of movement. 6 Cornelissen The principle of territoriality and …” „… a special one, since it comes close to membership, as the four fundamental freedoms are guaranteed …”

Massimiliano Delfino The ‘puzzle’ of workers’ mobility in Italy S. 31-46

„… labour costs. However, a provision like that infringed the directive and the freedom of services …” „… union freedom and the derived legislation concerning trade union rights (union representation bodies …” „… which are based on negotiation at company level ‘are considered as restricting the freedom to provide …”

Juan-Pablo Landa In defence of codetermination systems for implementing corporate decisions efficiently. A critical approach from the Spanish experience on workers’participation S. 113-124

„… institutionality that was then had – and still is to this day – by freedom of union (which includes collective …” „… authoritarian models of Eastern countries, this ILO model also served as reference for freedom to private …”

Kristina Koldinská Centenary ILO – few notes on recent global social issues S. 101-112

„… principles and rights of work to domestic workers with regards to freedom of association and collective …”

António Monteiro Fernandes On Crowdfunding for Strikes S. 175-186

„… autonomy and independence associated with the cult of freedom of association. In addition to the …”

Stefano Giubboni Il diritto sociale europeo alla ricerca dell’autonomia perduta S. 495-516

„… critica, Milano, Wolters Kluwer - Cedam. Giubboni, S. (2018), Freedom to Conduct a Business and EU Labour …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748909231

Gunnar Hindrichs, Axel Honneth - Freiheit

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Gunnar Hindrichs (ed.), Axel Honneth (ed.)

Freiheit

Series: Geist und Geschichte

Volume 1 2013

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S. Engstrom Freedom and Nature S. 657-680

„… STEPHEN ENGSTROM, Pittsburgh Freedom and Nature The reconciliation of freedom and nature has long …” „… in the guise of an apparent contradiction between freedom of the will and natural necessity – or, in …” „… contemporary terms, between freedom and determinism. A problem of such long standing must be deeply rooted …”

M. Rosen Freedom in History S. 535-552

„… MICHAEL ROSEN, Cambridge, Mass. Freedom in History German Idealism and Its Legacy A distinctive …” „… understanding of freedom runs through German Idealism from Kant to Hegel. This continuity is all the more …” „… surprising because one of the motivations behind Kant‟s conception of freedom is the need to sustain a …”

T. Pinkard Freedom and Necessity. And Music S. 321-338

„… TERRY PINKARD, Washington, D.C. Freedom and Necessity. And Music Hegel‟s idealism holds that even …” „… , since it is a matter of great conflict as to what such “self-knowledge” Freedom and Necessity. And …” „… of freedom. 5 Hegel, G. W. F., Aesthetics: lectures on fine art, (Oxford: Oxford University Press …”

W.F. Bristow Defining Freedom as the End of Us S. 371-388

„… laws are “rational” just insofar as they are “freedom-conferring”, that is, just insofar as they …” „… personal and moral freedom of social members, they are “freedom-conferring”, and as such rational and …” „… WILLIAM F. BRISTOW, Milwaukee Defining Freedom as the End of Us 1. Introduction According to …”

A. Chitty Freedom and community in Hegel and Marx S. 567-580

„… ANDREW CHITTY, Brighton Freedom and community in Hegel und Marx For mainstream thought, freedom …” „… other. Take for example Isaiah Berlin‟s definition of freedom as „negative liberty‟: noninterference …” „… people placing constraints on each other‟s actions, and therefore reducing each other‟s freedom in this …”

F. Neuhouser Hegel on Life, Freedom, and Social Pathology S. 681-700

„… FREDERICK NEUHOUSER, New York Hegel on Life, Freedom, and Social Pathology When philosophers talk …” „… Hegel‟s philosophy, freedom. As soon as one takes seriously the idea that life serves as a model for …” „… .), The Freedom of Life. Hegelian Perspectives, Berlin: August Verlag 2012. 682 Frederick Neuhouser …”

L. Herzog Free selves in free markets? S. 407-442

„… negative liberty. He defined negative liberty as freedom from interference by others and positive liberty …” „… often seen as useful because there is a „family resemblance‟ among conceptions of freedom that belong …” „… ‟ and „freedom‟ interchangeably. 3 Cf. e.g. the famous essay by Charles Taylor, “What‟s Wrong with …”

S. Rödl Introduction S. 651-656

„… , Leipzig Introduction Freedom, so it appears, is a defining character of human action. At the same time …” „… perennial difficulty to hold together in one concept of man these two characters, his freedom and his …” „… sense of wonder (putting it positively) or mystery (putting it negatively) at the possibility of freedom …”

A. Norris Ästhetische Freiheit S. 133-140

„… , Santa Barbara Ästhetische Freiheit The idea of freedom is as central to Hegel‟s aesthetics as it is to …” „… well-known formulation of freedom as being-with-oneself-in-another make plain that this sublimation by “free …” „… rationality” is necessary to satisfy its essential need for “spiritual freedom” (A 52/32). Though the artist‟s …”

A. Nuzzo Contradiction in the Ethical World: Hegel´s Challenge for Times of Crisis S. 627-648

„… freedom above all – in a theory of objektiver Geist and in a book titled Grundlinien der Philosophie des …” „… connection between morality and the complex concept of freedom articulated therein? My suggestion in …” „… idea of freedom taking up a variant of the confrontation between Kant and Hegel. However, instead of …”

D. Brudney Befreiung S. 531-534

„… Busch, and Andrew Chitty explore changes in the concept of freedom from Hegel to Marx. Rosen provides …” „… . Michael Rosen focuses on the relation of freedom to reconciliation. Kant, Hegel and the Marxist tradition …” „… of our freedom) will make the world progressively less unjust. With Hegel, Rosen writes, the drive …”

P. Redding Hegel, Aristotle and the Conception of Free Ageny S. 389-404

„… philosophy “concerns the condition taken […] as necessary for […] freedom”.1 With his anti-libertarian …” „… certain sort of selfrelation and a certain sort of relation to others”.5 Thus, if freedom on the …” „… ultimately derives from Kant‟s conception of freedom as self-legislation, in Hegel it finds expression in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Menke: Hegels Theorie der Befreiung ...................................... 301 Terry Pinkard: Freedom …” „… ........................................... 341 William F. Bristow: Defining Freedom as the End of Us ........................... 371 Paul …” „… .................................................................. 531 Michael Rosen: Freedom in History ......................................................... 535 …”

R. Stern Freiheit als Selbstgesetzgebung S. 275-278

„… of freedom as self-legislation therefore takes on a different aspect once this revised reading of …” „… the existence of certain legal freedoms, all of which was seen to propose a prior moral order. The …” „… difficulty is said to lead Hegel to a view of freedom not as self-legislation, but as self-liberation. Such …”

S. Lukes Markets and Morals S. 461-476

„… , and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single …” „… , unconscionable freedom – Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions …” „… freedom; he separates his freedom from other people‟s freedoms.17 His further claim was that selling …”

R.J. Wallace Rightness and Responsibility S. 221-240

„… freedom). If this conception is accepted, it will have significant implications for the traditional debate …” „… about the relation between freedom and determinism. Skeptics have worried that there would be no room …” „… for freedom and responsibility in a world of deterministic natural processes. A deterministic …”

Th. Buchheim Freiheit und Determination S. 99-118

„… , „Libertarian Freedom and the Principle of Alternative Possibilities“, in The Philosophical Review 104 (1995 …” „… , J.E. (Hrsg.), Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom, Boston/Oxford 2000, S. 139–166 und …” „… Freedom“, in: Kane, R. (Hrsg.), The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press …”

M. Quante Hegels kognitivistischer Askriptivismus S. 589-612

„… diese Einstellungen artikulieren, die Peter F. Strawson vorgelegt hat: “Freedom and Resentment”, in …” „… „Freedom and Resentment‟, Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate 2008, S. 19–36. Diese Parallele darf selbstverständlich …” „… Sebastian Ostritsch („,Freiheit – Liberté – Freedom„. Der Internationale Hegelkongress 2011 in Stuttgart …”

S. Rödl Reason and Nature, First and Second S. 119-130

„… are held to material conditions of our existence, that freedom cannot be complete, and thus it looks …” „… freedom from any organism in which it may realize itself and by which it may allow itself to be limited …”

H.-Chr. Schmidt am Busch Personale Freiheit und freie Lebenstätigkeit S. 553-566

„… Press 1994; Neuhouser, Frederic, Foundations of Hegel‟s Social Theory. Actualizing Freedom, Cambridge …”

S. Houlgate Recht und Zutrauen in Hegels Philosophie des Rechts S. 613-626

„… Theory. Actualizing Freedom, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2000, S. 87. 622 Stephen …”

A. Honneth Von der Armut unserer Freiheit S. 13-30

„… : Neuhouser, Frederick, Foundations of Hegel‟s Social Theory. Actualizing Freedom, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard …”

L. Siep Natur und Freiheit S. 55-84

„… (Original: Logic, Causation, Freedom. Selected Papers), hrsg. von Scholz, O.R./Michel, J.G., Paderborn …”

T. Wesche Demokratische Freiheit S. 791-826

„… garantiert wird; vgl. Pettit, Philip, Republicanism. A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford: Oxford …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465138075

Tapani Turkka - The Origins of Parliamentarism

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Tapani Turkka

The Origins of Parliamentarism

Series: Studies in Political Theory

Volume 2 2007

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Freedom S. 140-145

„… these respects the programme meant different things to different bearers of power.2. FreedomAs to what …” „… in their exercise of power; their freedom and their necessities were derived from it. In both of …” „… freedom Walpole’s programme afforded to the members of the House of Commons, what was decisive was that it …”

The significance of entry into membership in a society S. 84-86

„… has been proved, with a Title to perfect Freedom (...)” (Locke, II, § 87).117 Locke (II, § 90) indeed …” „… their own will dictates.127Thirdly it is to be observed that man’s freedom ? nds new de? nition. Of …” „… man’s natural freedom Locke writes that it is the right “to be free from any Superior Power on Earth …”

Political power – what is it? S. 86-88

„… change from the individual freedom of every man to the common freedom of the members of “that society …” „… ”.130 And this, as observed, is freedom to adopt an established, permanent, and known rule for living …” „… many cases, Locke says, this places limits on man’s freedom133 in comparison to what obtained “before …”

The opposition programme S. 194-202

„… appointments’.195 In conditions of corruptive exercise of power men must be coerced into freedom.The same …” „… , 370), and this freedom Walpole’s government claimed to have furthered. With this line of argumentation …” „… personal freedom and independence, and – no less importantly – the necessary leisure which their position …”

The state of nature is the state all men are naturally in S. 72-74

„… ? nitions. Firstly, the state of nature is “a State of Perfect Freedom”.40 All men, then, exist in such a …” „… above-mentioned de? nition of it as “a State of Perfect Freedom”. As noted, Locke means by this that, all men in …” „… freedom, it is not a state of licence.47 Man has, it is true, uncontrolled freedom in that state …”

The government perspective S. 186-194

„… from the government’s standpoint the way Englishmen’s freedom was considered to have evolved. On the …” „… one hand it was held that their freedom to participate in decision-making could be traced back to …” „… manifest: Walpole’s corruptive use of power had robbed the English of their freedom (Burrow 1981, 21).In …”

Walpole’s programme S. 139-140

„… both of these respects the programme meant different things to different bearers of power.2. FreedomAs …” „… free to do in their exercise of power; their freedom and their necessities were derived from it. In …” „… to what freedom Walpole’s programme afforded to the members of the House of Commons, what was …”

Every man in the state of nature disposes of power S. 74-77

„… importance attaches to Locke’s above-mentioned de? nition of it as “a State of Perfect Freedom”. As noted …” „… state of nature is a state of freedom, it is not a state of licence.47 Man has, it is true, uncontrolled …” „… freedom in that state; nonetheless he has not the right to destroy 42 Locke, II, § 4.43 Locke, II, § 4.44 …”

The problem of viability S. 124-130

„… suspend laws without the consent of Parliament. Free elections, freedom of speech in Parliament and …” „… monarch’s freedom of action in the ? eld of foreign policy. In this respect they were also of particular …” „… , 238).48Apart from these legislative aspects the monarch’s freedom of action was also restricted at the …”

The legitimacy of the exercise of political power S. 160-164

„… , II, § 171.25 In society, we remember Locke writing (II, § 22), man’s freedom is freedom under law …” „… – freedom “to have a standing Rule to live by, common to every one of that Society, and made by the …”

The possibility of realisation of legitimacy S. 164-168

„… , we remember Locke writing (II, § 22), man’s freedom is freedom under law – freedom “to have a …”

Return to the acknowledgedly right state of affairs S. 51-57

„… freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament;By prosecutions in the Court of King’s Bench for …” „… ; 34 “All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this …” „… by law;election of members of Parliament ought to be free;the freedom of speech and debates or …”

Membership in society S. 81-84

„… Community comes 100 Locke, II, § 123.101 The state of nature, we remember, is a state of perfect freedom.102 …” „… be substantial in a 116 “Man being born, as has been proved, with a Title to perfect Freedom …”

The exercise of political power S. 93-96

„… that society would be possessed of the same freedom as he enjoyed in the state of nature.179 “(...) and …” „… freedom men seek from the insecurity and the inconveniences they encountered 188 This, Locke writes (II …”

Constraint S. 145-155

„… politics to be neglected” (Langford 1976, 105).3. ConstraintOf the freedom which those who disposed of …” „… aspect of freedom the constraints which Walpole’s programme imposed upon those in power was realised to a …” „… tutelage – their freedom to accumulate wealth and otherwise to bene? t from their membership. The same …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Subjection to Political Power 139 1. Walpole’s programme 139 2. Freedom 140 3. Constraint 145 4. The Margin …”

Political responsibility in the exercise of power S. 159-160

„… Locke, II, § 171; see also Locke, II, §§ 87, 88.2 “Freedom of Men under Government, is,” we remember …”

The formation of political power S. 88-93

„… that each and every member in that society would be possessed of the same freedom as he enjoyed in the …”

A condition on Locke’s doctrine S. 64-72

„… as his freedom, his equality, his power to execute the law of nature, can become the subject of his …”

The constitution of political power S. 130-138

„… freedom of action of the monarch, and to strengthen the position of parliament in its relations with the …”

Bibliography S. 222-236

„… ): The Anxiety of Freedom. Imagination and Individuality in Locke’s Political Thought. Ithaca and London …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201818

Constanze Semmelmann - Social Policy Goals in the Interpretation of Article 81 EC

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Constanze Semmelmann

Social Policy Goals in the Interpretation of Article 81 EC

2008

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Freedom of competition/economic freedom S. 55-57

„… limitation of its scope. 5. Freedom of competition/economic freedom The value of the economic freedom of …” „… restriction of the economic freedom of the parties or of other market participants. Article 81 (3) EC reflects …” „… , 39 Common Market Law Review (2002), 1057-1099, at 1061. 58authors linked the freedom of the market …”

Freedom as a value in itself S. 32-36

„… particular the freedom of contract, are limited by liberties for others. In liberal market economies, the …” „… compatibility with other goals is a matter of contention. In addition, economic freedom and the protection of …” „… . Freedom as a value in itself According to the Freiburg School and related scholars, the main goal of …”

Arguments derived from the “constitutionalisation” of private law S. 173-176

„… the fundamental freedoms,747 it is not (yet) firmly established either in doctrine or in the case law …” „… , C-36/02, 2004 ECR I-09609 Omega.748 Cherednychenko, EU Fundamental Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms …” „… further references. 750 Cherednychenko, EU Fundamental Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms and Private Law, 1 …”

The free movement provisions, social policy, and their application to private parties S. 162-173

„… Giesen, Posting: Social Protection of Workers vs. Fundamental Freedoms, 40 Common Market Law Review (2003 …” „… judiciary or executive power) duties to find a basis for applying fundamental freedoms read in conjunction …” „… question. In other words, obstacles result from the private sphere, and the restriction of freedom follows …”

Compatibility of and harmonisation among the several goals S. 41-44

„… similar difficulties of measurement of a certain conduct regarding the freedom-standard and the …” „… world whether economic freedom, efficiency related to prices or producer benefits or rather (political …” „… on rights, freedom, and process on the other, the key question is whether constitutional values are …”

Social policy and fundamental rights S. 68-70

„… relevant articles in the present context include Article 12 freedom of association, amongst other things in …” „… trade union matters. Article 15 freedom to choose an occupation and the right to engage in work …” „… . Article 16 freedom to conduct a business. Article 21 general non-discrimination clause; Article 20 …”

Small and medium sized enterprises S. 54-55

„… range of goals is being limited and directed towards consumer welfare (and away from economic freedom …” „… limitation of its scope. 5. Freedom of competition/economic freedom The value of the economic freedom of …” „… restriction of the economic freedom of the parties or of other market participants. Article 81 (3) EC reflects …”

Economic efficiency S. 36-39

„… 38antitrust law.83 Likewise, the relationship between political and economic freedom and the need …” „… the trade-off between 83 Leary, Freedom as the Core Value of Antitrust in the new Millennium, 68 …” „… economic freedom, cited in Odudu, The Boundaries of EC Competition Law. The Scope of Article 81, Oxford …”

Positive and negative integration and in between S. 61-68

„… economic freedom and has consequently produced deregulation at the national level.238 In particular, due to …” „… the broad scope of the economic freedoms and the wide notion of what constitutes a restriction under …” „… ), 645-670, at 646. 234 Giubboni, Social Rights and Market Freedoms in the European Constitution. A Labour …”

Limitations on the scope of competition law: Implicit derogations on the basis of the allocation of powers S. 88-89

„… identified in several fields of law: In the context of the fundamental freedoms and labour market related …” „… the Member States from compliance with the fundamental freedoms: ‘In that respect it is sufficient to …” „… fundamental freedoms in the areas of social security law,346 EU-citizenship read in conjunction with the …”

The “European rule of reason” S. 97-112

„… Commission was characterised by a virtual equation of the restriction of economic freedom with the …” „… every agreement between undertakings or every decision of undertakings which restricts the freedom of …” „… of cases next to the ancillary restraints cases, associated with the fundamental freedoms, where …”

Bibliography S. 217-232

„… Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms and Private Law, European Review of Private Law (2006), 23-61. Clark, J.M …” „… Journal (2004), 766-786. Giesen, Richard, Posting: Social Protection of Workers vs. Fundamental Freedoms …” „… Administration Review (1998), 247-258. Giubboni, Stefano, Social Rights and Market Freedoms in the European …”

The role of social policy in the interpretation of Article 81 EC as a part of the EC economic constitution S. 28-30

„… restriction of these economic rights such as the restriction of the contractual freedom, e.g., by the …” „… frequently perceived as a threat to political and economic freedom, the present work strives to examine …” „… _employmentrightsfreemovementundertheectreatyandtheservicesdirective.pdf., Giubboni, Social Rights and Market Freedoms in the European Constitution. A Labour Law …”

Conclusion: The goals of EC competition law S. 57-59

„… against the goal of economic freedom as such. The equation of a restriction on the economic freedom with …” „… The mere protection of freedom of action as the (only) goal of EC competition law is hardly tenable …” „… contrary to the protection of the economic freedom of the market participants or the protection of the …”

Competitive process S. 39

„… final goals of the process, and it does not oppose freedom to compete as a goal. The competitive process …” „… freedoms.104 Thus, for some the competitive process is viewed as the preferred governor of the market …” „… economic freedom and assigned rather a long term value, especially in the context of nascent technology …”

The debate “social policy versus the market” as a part of the “economic constitution” S. 21-24

„… structural and regulating principles and the goal of protecting the individual economic freedom in particular …” „… ” framework,22 essential to guarantee individual freedom and safeguard the economic process.23 Ordoliberals …” „… protect political freedom.24 The ordoliberals set out to create a tolerant and humane society, which would …”

The embeddedness of the ordoliberal concept of the “economic constitution” in its historical circumstances S. 24-25

„… assigned a political dimension, intended to safeguard democracy and to protect political freedom.24 The …” „… freedom.25 In light of an increasing number of cooperative arrangements and the scepticism of the …” „… ordo-liberal concept is not reflected in the EC economic freedoms to the same degree.30 In other founding …”

Protecting competitors and fair competition S. 39-40

„… final goals of the process, and it does not oppose freedom to compete as a goal. The competitive process …” „… freedoms.104 Thus, for some the competitive process is viewed as the preferred governor of the market …” „… economic freedom and assigned rather a long term value, especially in the context of nascent technology …”

The free movement provisions, their application vis-à-vis state actors and social policy S. 160-162

„… context of the fundamental freedoms, both, in the classic constellation invoked against the states, and …” „… justification of the restriction of the fundamental freedoms is possible where the contributions payable in the …” „… Giesen, Posting: Social Protection of Workers vs. Fundamental Freedoms, 40 Common Market Law Review (2003 …”

Reconciliation of goals S. 81-83

„… life of decision makers. The formal categorisation of rights, norms, principles, freedoms etc. does not …” „… often paradoxical, as … individual freedom and social justice”.326 The actors face several statements …” „… balance between the protection of the youth and artistic freedom. 334 Hesse, K., Grundzüge des …”

Comments on the term and concept of “social market economy” S. 149-151

„… proposals for how to reconcile economic freedom and the needs of others were rarely advanced. Against this …” „… ordoliberal freedom approach to competition.648 Many legal scholars opine that the general mechanisms to …” „… would call into question the (according to him the prevailing) goal of economic freedom, at 173 …”

The case law of the US Supreme Court on the non-competition goals under Section 1 of the Sherman Act S. 155-157

„… statement that antitrust is rooted in a preference for pluralism, freedom of trade, access to markets and …” „… freedom of choice, summarized under the commitment to the maintenance of the competitive process whereas …” „… treat all fundamental freedoms the same way, similarly, Mortelmans, Towards Convergence in the …”

Content S. 9-16

„… competition theory 34121. Freedom as a value in itself 352. Economic efficiency 38a. General 38b. The Chicago …” „… further ends 493. Economic efficiency 514. Small and medium sized enterprises 565. Freedom of …” „… competition/economic freedom 576. Conclusion: The goals of EC competition law 59V. Non-competition goals 61Chapter 3 …”

Economic efficiency S. 49-54

„… of the economic freedom of market participants to a restriction of competition with a more …” „… freedom and the efficiency goal in the context of Article 81 EC see Lovdahl Gormsen, The conflict between …” „… economic freedom and consumer welfare in the modernisation of Article 82 EC, 3 European Competition Journal …”

The concept of the “economic constitution” as an analytical tool S. 25-28

„… ordo-liberal concept is not reflected in the EC economic freedoms to the same degree.30 In other founding …” „… legal order and are intended to provide guidance about the relationship between freedom and (public and …” „… freedom, e.g., by the competition rules is as fundamental as the granting of those rights. From the …”

Balance between market and non-market goals under the EC Treaty S. 31-32

„… fundamental freedoms, it is widely recognised that a number of non-market goals such as environmental …” „… ” marks the unavoidable starting point. Liberties, and in particular the freedom of contract, are limited …”

Written derogations: Limitations on the scope of competition law S. 87-88

„… fundamental freedoms and labour market related issues such as the right to strike, the Court recently stressed …” „… that Article 137 (5) EC did not exempt the Member States from compliance with the fundamental freedoms …”

Socio-political issues S. 40-41

„… economic freedom, efficiency related to prices or producer benefits or rather (political) values such as …” „… efficiency-based approaches being on the one end of the spectrum and constitutional law, based on rights, freedom …”

Limitations on the scope of competition law: Implicit derogations on the basis of fundamental rights S. 89-90

„… 91The same was stated earlier with respect to the application of the fundamental freedoms in the …” „… , from the scope of the fundamental freedoms, drawing the line along the (absence of) economic activity …”

The impact of social policy by virtue of the cross-sectional clauses S. 151-153

„… ordoliberal freedom approach to competition.648 Many legal scholars opine that the general mechanisms to …” „… would call into question the (according to him the prevailing) goal of economic freedom, at 173 …”

Competition law theory S. 75-77

„… justifications and reasons.313economic freedom, a conflict between individual freedom and collective benefits for …”

Market Integration S. 44-47

„… include market integration, economic efficiency/allocation of resources, and freedom of competition (in …” „… , and has at times recognised the freedom of action of economic operators. 136 Maher, Competition Law …”

The US “rule of reason” S. 94-97

„… competition. It is thus of utmost importance to determine to what extent any restriction of economic freedom …” „… equation of the restriction of economic freedom with the restriction of competition.397 In contrast, the …”

Competition law and the state action doctrine S. 176-180

„… interest. As a matter of principle, state measures are assessed in the light of the fundamental freedoms …” „… state action doctrine serves as leges speciales to the fundamental freedoms. Severing the private …”

Approaching the non-competition goals in the interpretation of Article 81 EC S. 32

„… particular the freedom of contract, are limited by liberties for others. In liberal market economies, the …”

The rationale of the public-private-distinction in light of ongoing changes in governance structures S. 159-160

„… the impact of social policy in the context of the fundamental freedoms, both, in the classic …”

Non-competition goals S. 59-60

„… 61contrary to the protection of the economic freedom of the market participants or the protection …”

The competition rules and the free movement rules: The complementary character of the early days S. 157-158

„… convergence as sufficient to treat all fundamental freedoms the same way, similarly, Mortelmans, Towards …”

Plurality of goals S. 83-84

„… balance between the protection of the youth and artistic freedom. 334 Hesse, K., Grundzüge des …”

Comment S. 93-94

„… is thus of utmost importance to determine to what extent any restriction of economic freedom is …”

Preface S. 5-8

„… scholarship and taken up in large parts by the European Commission, individual economic freedom and the …”

The transnational dimension of labour S. 78-80

„… judgment in the context of the freedom of establishment, the Court balanced the economic rights against the …”

The concept of “social market economy”: the original concept and its significance in practice S. 146-148

„… combine the principle of market freedom with the principle of social balance.622 According to …”

Competition as a means to further ends S. 47-49

„… the freedom of competition approach, it could be argued that this change may downgrade the value of …”

A proposal on the role of social policy goals in the interpretation of Article 81 EC and concluding remarks S. 211-216

„… utmost importance to use, in the first place, the fundamental freedoms, and Article 81 read in …”

Summary and conclusion on the status quo of non-competition goals under Article 81 EC, in particular of the social policy goals S. 132-140

„… Fundamental Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms and Private Law, 1 European Review of Private Law ( 2006), 23-61 …”

Assessment of the reform S. 200-208

„… European Contract Law between Freedom of Contract, Social Justice and Market Rationality, European Review …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210797

Jürgen Busch, Hedwig Unger - Rechtsfragen des Europäischen Hochschulraumes

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Jürgen Busch (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

Rechtsfragen des Europäischen Hochschulraumes

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Vergleichenden Öffentlichen Recht

Volume 7 2009

Results in this title

Freedom of Research and Academic Freedom as a Multi-Level-Issue – More than Freedom of Expression? S. 105-118

„… Freedom of Research and Academic Freedom as a Multi-Level-Issue – More than Freedom of Expression …” „… ?∗ Stefan Huber I. Introduction: Academic Freedom as a Fundamental Right “[…] Science can prosper only if …” „… it is free; and it is free if there is not only external freedom, that is, independence from …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Internationalize Higher Education? And Why Bother?“ ...... 89 Stefan Huber Freedom of Research and Academic …” „… Freedom as a Multi-Level-Issue – More than Freedom of Expression? .............. 105 Christian Ruhs …”

Zur Konvergenz des Europäischen Forschungs- und Hochschulraumes – Welche Zukunft für Bologna? S. 41-60

„… - __________ 28 Vgl. dazu noch Huber, Freedom of Research, in diesem Band. 29 Europäische Kommission, Grünbuch …” „… EU-Bereich, zfhr 7 (2008), 6. Huber, Freedom of Research and Academic Freedom as a Multi-Level-Issue – More …” „… than Freedom of Expression?, in diesem Band. Kasparovsky, Akademische Grade und Berufsbezeichnungen im …”

Sachregister/Index S. 231-237

„… Technologiepolitik –, europäische 47 ff. Forschungsrahmenprogramm 22, 49 Forschungsquote 50 f. freedom 105 ff …” „… School of 194 Naturrecht 194 necessity test s. freedom Niederlassungs- und Aufenthaltsgesetz (NAG …”

European Legal Education: Between the Needs of the Nation State and a More Unified European Union S. 187-226

„… , in Lachmayer/Bauer (eds.), Praxiswörterbuch Europarecht, 2008, 129. See also Huber, Freedom of …” „… ”, “Procedures before the Constitutional Court”, “Institutions of Legal Remedy”, “The EU’s Area of Freedom …” „… we witness it today, real freedom in such a system of pure capitalism and liberal market economy …”

Europäischer Hochschulraum und Fremdenrecht – ein Problemaufriss S. 145-162

„… national legislators and authorities a wide freedom of scope and cannot achieve all __________ 49 Art …”

Future Scenarios of Cooperation and Competition among Institutions of Higher Education in Europe S. 61-88

„… freedom. See Stifterverband [Qualität], 2002, p. 24 f. 68 Future Scenarios of Cooperation and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930549

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