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Hartmut Sangmeister, Heike Wagner - Die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der Zukunft

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Hartmut Sangmeister (ed.), Heike Wagner (ed.)

Die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der Zukunft

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 22 2019

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Katja Hilser China’s foreign aid – eine etwas andere Art der Entwicklungshilfe S. 175-184

„… 175 China’s Foreign Aid – eine etwas andere Art der Entwicklungshilfe Katja Hilser In den …” „… Policy, warfen China bereits im Jahr 2007 vor, das Land betreibe mit seiner Foreign Aid nichts anderes …” „… für Auslandshilfe sanken allerdings in den China’s Foreign Aid 177 70er Jahren des 20 …”

Katja Hilser, Hartmut Sangmeister Ist Entwicklungszusammenarbeit noch zeitgemäß? S. 55-64

„… Research Institute. Easterly, William (Hrsg.) (2008): Reinventing Foreign Aid. Cambridge/MA: MIT Press …” „… Dienstreise in Sachen Entwicklungshilfe“ (Erler 1985), „Does Aid Work?“ (Cassen and Associates 1986), „The …” „… Dollar Aid Business“ (Hancock 1989), „Hilft die Entwicklungshilfe langfristig?“ (Stockmann/Gaebe 1993 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… der Post-Cotonou-Debatte 159 Katja Hilser China’s foreign aid – eine etwas andere Art der …” „… , Heidelberg) stellte in ihrem Vortrag „China’s foreign aid – eine etwas andere Art von ‚Entwicklungshilfe …” „… Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging FTNS Fondation pour le …”

Günther Maihold Entwicklungszusammenarbeit am Scheideweg: strategische Weichenstellungen und institutioneller Reformbedarf S. 17-40

„… . Mawdsley, Emma (2012): „The changing geographies of foreign aid and development cooperation: Contributions …” „… . Mawdsley, Emma/Savage, Laura/Kim, Sung-Mi (2014): „A ‚post-aid world‘? Paradigm shift in foreign and …” „… proaktiv aufnehmen sollte. Der Kurzschluss, für den Beyond Aid-Bereich den Begriff der „internationalen …”

Stephan Klingebiel Rahmenbedingungen und Eckpunkte von Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in der Zukunft S. 41-54

„… . A conceptual overview. Bonn. Qian, Nancy (2015): „Making progress on foreign aid“. In: Annual …” „… von traditionellen Geber-Eigeninteressen unterscheiden). Die für viele Jahre prägende Debatte über aid …” „… for International Development, UK Aid (2015): Tackling global challenges in the national interest …”

Michael Krempin Stärken ausbauen und neue Herausforderungen meistern: Die Zukunft der Technischen Zusammenarbeit der GIZ S. 119-132

„… („Foreign Aid“) soll die Entwicklung Chinas und seiner Partnerländer zum gegenseitigen Nutzen fördern …” „… Auslandshilfe nach den Studien im Rahmen von AidData nicht vorrangig an Länder, die über wichtige Rohstoffe …” „… Krempin 132 Carter, Paddy (2016): Five ways to deliver UK aid in the national economic interest …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298054

Florian Sarges - Elite Compatibility in Foreign Aid

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Florian Sarges

Elite Compatibility in Foreign Aid

2017

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References S. 269-300

„… . and B. Weder (2002). Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid? American Economic Review 92(4 …” „… ): 1126-1137. Altincecik, C. and D. H. Bearce (2014). Why There Should Be No Political Foreign Aid Curse …” „… . World Development 64: 18-32. References 270 Alvi, E. and A. Senbeta (2012). Does Foreign Aid Reduce …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Florian Sarges Elite Compatibility in Foreign Aid An Institutional Approach for Increasing Aid …” „… Effectiveness BUT_Sarges_3720-8.indd 2 06.04.17 10:50 Florian Sarges Elite Compatibility in Foreign Aid An …” „… Foreign Aid An Institutional Approach for Increasing Aid Effectiveness Florian Sarges 351 p. Includes …”

Chapter 2: The ‘Elite Compatibility’ Concept S. 33-74

„… curious detail is that the ‘development’ term took a second turn: The starting point for foreign aid and …” „… around the effectiveness of foreign aid is led on three levels: • The macro level (country): Is aid …” „… interpreted as a means to support foreign aid’s ‘right to exist’. Additionally, it also needs to bridge the …”

Chapter 4 Theoretical Foundation of the ‘Elite Compatibility’ Concept: Incentives and Incentive Compatibility S. 109-158

„… decisive difference is constituted by the distortion that is exerted by the three aid-specific …” „… 2000), foreign direct investment (Borensztein, Gregoriob & Lee 1998), trade (Frankel & Romer 1999 …” „… classic ODA sectors are infrastructure-related, a substantial share of aid projects incorporate the …”

Index S. 345-351

„… , 151, 152, 155 of the aid recipient, 149, 259, 260 problems, 55, 138, 150, 152 actors in ODA …” „… , 88, 114, 115, 159 aid conditionality. see conditional aid aid curse. see curse of aid aid delivery …” „… chain, 22, 132, 138 aid dependency, 91, 148, 149, 235 aid flow, 71, 143, 149 aid optimists vs …”

Chapter 5 Background on the Empirical Material of Evaluation Reports S. 161-178

„… ): “This interpretation is a corollary of treating foreign aid as axiomatically beneficial. Once it is so …” „… used for this study is ex-post evaluation data and qualitative ex-post reports from EuropeAid. The …” „… information on EuropeAid as a donor (5.1), describes the specific processes and terms of evaluation (5.2) and …”

Chapter 7 Summary and Conclusion S. 249-268

„… Aid/Cash-on-delivery Aid More recent concepts that are summarized under the headline of resultsbased financing10 …” „… compatibility is exactly not given. The awareness of this paradox is not new in the discourse of aid provision …” „… central arguments of most aid critics. For the more radical fraction, both historical (Frankel 1952: 304 …”

Chapter 3 Elites as a Focus in Development Research S. 75-108

„… . This situation then additionally creates more dependency on aid, and thus again enhances social …” „… ; foreign top-level education has been a privilege and feature of political leadership in developing …” „… public resources by the elite, and as such, also of aid budgets. More recently, the ‘capture’ term has …”

Appendices S. 301-344

„… control enables central actors to reward supporters and punish detractors. Aid funds enable …” „… reform generate rents for the agents, aid needed as a resource. Conditionalities do not exert a …” „… "price" of aid support: 1. Meeting the donor's demand for institutional change without wholesale …”

Chapter 6 Evaluation of the Empirical Material S. 179-248

„… empirical basis for this are ex-post evaluation project data from EuropeAid: A data set of n = 457 projects …” „… . All data were obtained from the project data bank of EuropeAid, which is referred to internally as …” „… standardized report format, as used in this research, was introduced to EuropeAid evaluation practice in 2005 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280158

Mumtaz Anwar - The Political Economy of Foreign Aid to Pakistan

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Mumtaz Anwar

The Political Economy of Foreign Aid to Pakistan

Series: HWWA Studien

Volume 79 2007

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Foreign Aid Volume and Types S. 63-66

„… 4.2 Foreign Aid Volume and Types According to data provided on official development assistance …” „… concluded that foreign aid has ultimately led to higher indebtedness for Pakistan, increasing the liability …” „… Foreign Aid to Pakistan Both bilateral donors and multilateral sources disbursed a total amount of US …”

Aid to Overcome Gaps in Pakistan S. 24-28

„… results. It should be noted that in all studies except that of Rahman (1967), foreign aid is considered as …” „… a complement to the country’s own resources. However, foreign aid can also be considered as a …” „… discussing the impact of foreign aid on savings, investment and taxes in Pakistan. In the following …”

REFERENCES S. 115-126

„… Development Review 41, pp. 825-836. Ahmad, Salman (2002): Impact of Foreign Aid on Fiscal Behaviour: A Case …” „… , Ghulam (1977): A Development Model and Foreign Aid Requirements in Pakistan, in: Pakistan Development …” „… 1954-1965: A Case Study in the Politics of Foreign Aid, in: Indian Quarterly 23, pp. 127-144. Baldwin …”

The Aid and Growth Relation in Pakistan S. 28-31

„… foreign aid on taxation is presented by few studies, in general foreign aid in Pakistan is seen to …” „… weak relation between foreign aid and economic growth in Pakistan. Their empirical findings suggest …” „… explanatory power of the estimated equation is not sufficient to indicate that foreign aid contributes …”

Aid Projections for Pakistan S. 22-24

„… remained among the top five recipients of foreign aid. The phenomena of aid to Pakistan started as early as …” „… marginal savings ratio. It is concluded that 1985 would mark the end of the necessity for foreign aid in …” „… assumption by further imposing two conditions: (1) foreign aid must be terminated in a given year prior to …”

Introduction S. 21-22

„… 2. Foreign Aid to Pakistan: A Theoretical Account 2.1 Introduction Pakistan has been heavily …” „… relying on foreign aid since its independence from British rule in 1947. Thus it is among those developing …” „… countries that have frequently been used as a case study for discussion in the foreign aid debate. Most of …”

Role of Interest Groups in Aid Allocation S. 50-57

„… influences drive political support for foreign aid. First, there is the direct benefit and the cost from the …” „… support foreign aid for altruistic reasons, such as poverty and illiteracy in developing countries. The …” „… associated with an increase in exports of goods amounting to 133% of the aid. Thus, a donor country’s foreign …”

Incentives for Decision Making: Theoretical Hypotheses S. 75-80

„… foreign aid to Pakistan, the Pressler Amendment in 1985 and the Brown Amendment in 1995. 5.2.1 …” „… impact of such foreign lobbies is significant. Assuming a similar relationship in the case of aid, we can …” „… investment possibilities (Schneider and Frey 1985). For this purpose they strive for more foreign aid to …”

Empirical Analysis of US Aid to Pakistan over Time S. 80-85

„… for our analysis. Overall, we retain the influence of domestic and foreign ethnic groups, the …” „… making on US aid to Pakistan. 5.2.2 Empirical Analysis of US Aid to Pakistan over Time In order to …” „… empirically test the above hypotheses, this section provides an initial analysis of the determinants of aid …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… StraubhaarVol. 79Mumtaz AnwarThe Political Economy of ForeignAid to PakistanNomosDie Deutsche Bibliothek …” „… rational for foreign aid is that richer nations should support economic growth and development in poor …” „… and Motivation 16 1.3 Research Outline 172. FOREIGN AID TO PAKISTAN: A Theoretical Account 21 2.1 …”

Politicians’ Interest in Aid Related Decision Making S. 46-49

„… poverty and hunger in developing countries. This can be called the “moral appeal” of foreign aid …” „… , providing foreign aid has become to some extent less of an individualistic and more of a social process …” „… that aid is motivated by foreign policy concerns of the donor countries. These bilateral and …”

Background S. 15-16

„… 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The declared objectives behind foreign aid allocation have long …” „… been discussed in the literature on foreign aid. Foreign aid flows to developing countries began to …” „… savings and foreign exchange, and that the foreign aid inflows provide the missing link for development …”

Determinants of Aid to Pakistan S. 34-37

„… previous sections that most of the academic literature on foreign aid to Pakistan has focused on estimating …” „… the foreign policy motives of US aid to Pakistan during the cold war years. In discussing the …” „… the failure of foreign aid in developing human resources in Pakistan reveals the fact that to some …”

Introduction S. 38-39

„… 3. Political Economic Determinants of Foreign Aid Allocation 3.1 Introduction In order to form …” „… the declared objective of foreign aid; that is, to promote economic development in less developed …” „… some ideas about factors affecting aid allocation to Pakistan, in this chapter we refer to several …”

The Voters’ Utility Maximising Role in Aid Allocation S. 49-50

„… suppose that consumers will want less of that good even if its price rises. This explains why foreign aid …” „… two types of influences drive political support for foreign aid. First, there is the direct benefit …” „… seal of approval for their foreign policy, and hence appear as a better government which can more …”

Conclusions S. 72-73

„… actors within these institutions. 4.4 Conclusions Empirical evidence suggests that foreign aid flows to …” „… based on the following observations: evidence indicates that the disbursement of foreign aid flows to …” „… the political economy of foreign aid flows to Pakistan in an econometric setting. In the next chapter …”

Research Outline S. 17-20

„… we provide a detailed account of foreign aid volume, types of aid and a brief overview of its …” „… foreign aid to Pakistan and donors’ behaviour in lending to Pakistan over time. It appears that the US is …” „… the theoretical model of Lahiri and Raimondos-Møller (2000), which asserts that foreign aid allocation …”

Factors Determining Bilateral and Multilateral Aid to Developing Countries S. 39-46

„… needs, while the donor interest model assumes that allocation of aid reflects the foreign policy motives …” „… differences exist among donors. Some general conclusions, however, show that the granting of foreign aid is …” „… institutions allocating multilateral foreign aid (Weck-Hannemann and Schneider 1991). Frey and Schneider (1986 …”

Multilateral Aid and Development S. 31-34

„… reliable resources rather than on foreign aid. Although the main results are broadly in line with …” „… discussed in this section show that foreign aid does not play a positively significant role in Pakistan´s …” „… Pakistan We have seen in previous sections that most of the academic literature on foreign aid to Pakistan …”

Introduction S. 62-63

„… poor country, it is nevertheless among the top 5 major recipients of foreign aid. Donor countries and …” „… analysis of bilateral and multilateral aid allocation to Pakistan is necessary. 62 4.2 Foreign Aid …” „… 4. Aid Flows to Pakistan: The Evidence 4.1 Introduction Pakistan’s strategic position in the …”

Sources of multilateral aid to Pakistan S. 70-72

„… Empirical evidence suggests that foreign aid flows to Pakistan are driven, to a large extent, by political …” „… indicates that the disbursement of foreign aid flows to Pakistan changes over time in line with the …” „… multilateral aid to Pakistan International Financial Institutions (IFIs), along with bilateral sources, have …”

Sources of bilateral aid to Pakistan S. 66-70

„… donors to Pakistan. 4.3 Sources of Foreign Aid to Pakistan Both bilateral donors and multilateral …” „… relevance of officially stated political motives for foreign aid. In the following chapter, US-Pakistan aid …” „… halt of US aid to Pakistan, actively sought to use his position on aid-related amendments for Pakistan …”

Introduction S. 74-75

„… idea, presented in Lahiri and Raimondos-Møller (2000), that foreign aid allocation between competing …” „… countries. However, the in-depth analysis of aid-related political decision-making processes of a donor …” „… 5. The Political Economy of Bilateral Aid to Pakistan: The Example of US Aid 5.1 Introduction A …”

CONCLUSIONS S. 111-114

„… corresponding special interests in decision making processes regarding aid allocation to developing countries …” „… . Although a large number of studies on the determinants of aid suggest that political, commercial and …” „… the example of US aid to Pakistan, representing bilateral aid, and the World Bank, ADB and IMF lending …”

Determinants of IFIs’ Lending Decisions: Theoretical Hypotheses S. 94-98

„… situations and throughout the 1970s and the late 1990s, the country was clearly in need of foreign resources …” „… hypotheses we adopt the Tobit econometric estimation method, used recently in most aid allocation studies …” „… official flows from IFIs to Pakistan over time. This method estimates the aid flows in one step and is …”

Empirical Analysis of Senate Voting on Aid to Pakistan S. 85-91

„… Empirical Analysis of Senate Voting on Aid to Pakistan Let us now adopt a different perspective and …” „… Soviet-Afghan war, aid flows to Pakistan had been a major issue of discussion. Therefore, as opposed to the time …” „… reported by the Foreign Trade Division of the US Census Bureau and the Global Trade Information Services …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845200026

Rainer Öhlschläger, Hartmut Sangmeister - Aktuelle Fragen der Entwicklungspolitik

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Rainer Öhlschläger (ed.), Hartmut Sangmeister (ed.)

Aktuelle Fragen der Entwicklungspolitik

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 13 2014

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Ghose Udoy M. Promoting Domestic Economic Development by Giving Development Aid to Foreign Countries: An Indian Example S. 69-80

„… 69Udoy M. Ghose Promoting Domestic Economic Development by Giving Development Aid to Foreign …” „… to foreign countries. These motives explain the development aid which India donates as well, although …” „… experiences of its own colonial past, mutual benefit was the main target of India’s foreign development aid …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… by Giving Development Aid to Foreign Countries: An Indian Example 69 Detlef W. Schreiber Auf dem …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845252926

Layla Bahmad - Non-Governmental Organisations in Palestine

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Layla Bahmad

Non-Governmental Organisations in Palestine

2008

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What is Aid? S. 194-195

„… . Givers and receivers, at least in their public utterances, applaud foreign aid as a good thing that …” „… foreign aid dominates pride and ambition have given way to dependence and deference. 496The foreign aid …” „… business started at the beginning of the 1940s. From his point of view foreign aid has a rather destroying …”

The various donors S. 183-194

„… NGOs.”468 “Almost all foreign aid to PNGOs is now threatened or already has been stopped because …” „… work in the Israeli-run Civil Administration, which was financed through foreign aid, Israeli or …” „… also asserted that the foreign aid assistance would continue on the basis of developmental and …”

Final remarks S. 258-263

„… agreed to pay 263 Iran’s Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki indicated and warned that “if the aid is …” „… is that the investigation revealed the apperception of the Palestinian people (aid recipients), who …” „… political point of view this sort of aid, which is considered as “assistance” is a decisive factor, which …”

Concluding remarks S. 263-268

„… 263 Iran’s Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki indicated and warned that “if the aid is cut and if …” „… statement given by the Iranian Foreign Minister was an indicator that the international actors with their …” „… for 3,000 Palestinian fishermen.” 665 BBC News (2006): Iran pledges $50m aid at http://news.bbc.co. uk …”

“NGO”: A changeable term S. 117-123

„… the fall of 1993 in order to ensure that foreign aid gets channelled to the new developing “government …” „… Authority have tried to get foreign aid channelled the right way. And even those that have been created by …” „… – foreign donors – changes them into an instrument that is being used to achieve certain interests. The idea …”

How does International Aid influence NGOs, particularly Palestinian organisations? S. 195-196

„… suffered form a weakened popularity in a way that foreign aid enlarged the gap between them and their aid …” „… 195 duties or not. Keating emphasizes that Arafat used financial aid and the public resources of …” „… knew that the agreements concerning aid were anything but reasonable since income from monopolies and …”

NGO-law and the lack of legal structures S. 157-167

„… aid recipients on the ground. This leads to the thought that the financial dependency on foreign …” „… operating in North Africa and the Middle East for many years. Different foreign sponsors have supported …” „… one hand there are the Arab governments, which are trying to keep control over the foreign funds that …”

NGO & Donor Relationship S. 177-183

„… about, and particularly local NGOs. Of course there are some that are dependent on foreign aid, but it …” „… for the PA. The rule before Oslo was that all the money went to the NGOs.”468 “Almost all foreign aid …” „… . The foreign assistance these NGOs received was limited and only for certain programs and projects. The …”

REFERENCES S. 275-291

„… , Rex (2000): A Very Political Economy – Peace building and Foreign Aid in the West Bank and Gaza …” „… , (Leipzig) p.48. Sogge, David (2002): Give and Take – What is the Matter with Foreign Aid? (London) p.7 …” „… (Tübingen) BBC News (2006): Iran pledges $50m aid at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_ east/4914334.stm …”

Research problem S. 13-23

„… already existing quasi-state structures of the PA. Particularly, the foreign aid provided to the local …” „… Hegel, Marx, Gramsci have coined the term decisively. This also entails a debate on the aid system in …” „… regime which was in addition an obstacle. Then, the donors that fund the NGOs and in that way provide aid …”

The Role of NGOs during the Second Intifada S. 145-155

„… contrast other organisations have started to develop contacts to foreign or better European Donor NGO …” „… , professional and skilled and above all foreign-funded and development-oriented centres. Not only these centres …” „… autonomous institutions. Foreign funding played a major role, but it was not the most important pillar in the …”

Major problems S. 30-38

„… aid recipients. Interestingly, both parties place value on their neutrality, which is not always easy …” „… “project” is financed. The donors for the German CIMIC branch range from the Foreign and Development …” „… for aid projects.”35 Thus, sustainable development is not within sight though there have been serious …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Layla BahmadNon-Governmental Organisationsin PalestineLast Resort of Humanitarian Aid or Stooges of …” „… Foreign Interests?NomosDie Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen …” „… international aid. This aid is organized through NGOs. What looks at first glance as a gigantic effort of …”

Projects S. 240-242

„… for an INGO are affiliated with the foreign organisation. The more reputation the organisation had …” „… finances come from institutional donors including the different aid departments of governments, the EU and …” „… the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that in the event of unexpected irregularities in …”

Conditionality for Funds S. 203-214

„… the aid recipients. Their success also depends on the satisfaction of the donors who can determine for …” „… with regard to the aid recipients that the NGOs are not able to match the obligations on the ground …” „… Foreign Affairs, Oslo ), (September 27, 2005) 520 Interview with Tarek Abdel Ghany Kotob (Country program …”

Facts on the Palestinian Terrain S. 245-254

„… will be discussed what perception the Palestinian communities have had of the aid providing …” „… been claimed that their services are available for anyone. Nevertheless, I consider the aid recipients …” „… way the donors respectively the NGOs decide upon the aid recipients and the projects and services they …”

Conclusion S. 53-56

„… . and the maintenance of the dependency on foreign aid which again postpone any step towards …” „… financing and supporting an occupation. The large amounts of financial aid which flew towards the Occupied …” „… economy and ‘foreign policy issues’ and less important sectors as for instance education, health and …”

Beginning and Change of the NGOs work S. 219-223

„… determined the rules and at the same time sought their foreign policy interests. “Even in a crisis situation …” „… Foreign Affairs, Oslo) (September 27, 2005). (A detailed chart could be found on page 250). According to …” „… Hanafi and Tabar since the 1990’s, one of the Scandinavian embassies had one person responsible for aid …”

Conclusion S. 196-197

„… , area of interest, activism but also in size and financial contribution to the asking NGOs. Foreign aid …” „… has had an extensive influence on Palestinian NGOs due to the growing demands by the aid recipients …”

The Creation of the Ministry of NGO Affairs S. 167-174

„… where the minister of justice “denounced publicly NGOs as a bunch of thieves, fat cats and foreign …” „… agents.”424 Further he considered human rights organisations as “being stooges of foreign backers and …” „… . Then the following consortia, short-listed the Welfare Association, the British Council, Charity’s Aid …”

What does a failed state imply? S. 46-49

„… dysfunction of the state apparatus such as it is present, but also the repercussions of foreign rule where no …” „… and foreign policy approach of the western democratic states, which reshaped their foreign policies …” „… whereas they distinguish between “better” and “worse”. As per the Foreign Policy journal “Failing states …”

Budgets vs. Agenda-setting S. 238-239

„… financial aid from international donors and it also supports the ongoing occupation. Further, it limits any …” „… aid and the ongoing occupation. In 1993 before the Declaration of Principles was signed, the …” „… to be beneficial for the Palestinians. The French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner stated that “The …”

The Role of NGOs after Oslo (1994) S. 141-145

„… transparent economic institutions with the consequence of a shortening of foreign assistance from the …” „… international donor aid agencies, which have had the task of supporting the efforts of the peace process …” „… organisations have started to develop contacts to foreign or better European Donor NGO organisations. But the …”

Summing-up S. 268-274

„… dedication found great popularity among the needy and the aid recipients in general. In view of Fatah a large …” „… their aid system is closely related with the tradition of the waqf structure as discussed earlier. The …” „… and into the NGO scene. The prediction made earlier by Iran’s Foreign Minister Mottaki was also …”

Self-Image S. 223-226

„… its own private fundraising. Notwithstanding foreign aid policies have not been rooted in the needs …” „… Ingrid Schøyen (Desk Officer Middle East at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo ) (September …”

Corporatism & Rent-seeking S. 235-238

„… form of rent and this form of revenue strengthens the dependency on financial aid from international …” „… in order to secure its survival which perpetuates the maintenance of external aid and the ongoing …” „… Palestinians. The French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner stated that “The real winner today is the …”

NGOs and the Israeli Government – the Occupying Regime and its restrictions S. 174-177

„… struck.445 This has had an impact on their projects and at the same time it has had an affect on the aid …” „… financial cut on the part of the Western governments and other aid agencies not only hit the PA but also the …” „… the Oslo Accords in order to cooperate and deal with the foreign donor agencies and governments. These …”

Funds - Clienteleism S. 229-235

„… regard to nation- and state-building, international aid is also given in the form of financial means with …” „… NGOs on the ground in Palestine also depend on financial aid in order to provide the services needed …” „… Hanafi and Linda Tabar “there are approximately 130 foreign donors assisting Palestinian NGOs today …”

The Aid System in Islam in the Past up to the Present S. 91-108

„… them fear to be dependent on foreign aid in order to continue their mission. But the decisive factor is …” „… , not universal. In: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 6, p.32. 222 Huntington, Samuel P. (1996), op. cit. p …” „… foreign traditions and values. She is positive about the bridge over of the existing barriers between the …”

Development of original NGO definition with regard to the Palestinian context S. 123-126

„… and others run a branch or department in their foreign ministries that response to development …” „… aid such USAID and others. Of course this does not affect that much, if at all. Though, a USAID …”

The historical roots of the term Civil Society S. 83-91

„… in the form of foreign aid, which makes them dependent and causes their weaknesses towards their …” „… foreign sources, which adds to the suspicions, or from the government, which defeats the object of their …”

The Role of Islamic NGOs in Palestine S. 135-138

„… applying for relief aid in order to avoid duplicating benefits. It is not unusual to find that one …” „… ): Peace Now or Hamas Later. In: Foreign Affairs, Vol.77 No.4, p.29-43. 138 Through Hamas change in line …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207735

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