„… learning.Keywords: Supervised machine learning, prediction accuracy, impact of coder errors, impact of curation …” „… the final step, we tested the impact of the coding errors when these data were used in machine …” „… (1) human coder errors (random, individual systematic, joint systematic) and (2) curation strategies …”

„… measurement error, but reflects true proper-ties of the classified text. We introduce a notion of valid …” „… error in the coding processes is the assumption that there is a definite, unique way to correctly …” „… apply the same coding rules; or from random error – unstructured mistakes in the recording of …”

„… errors emerging from disagreements, including sufficient thresholds for reliability (Bachl & Scharkow …” „… (Nelson et al., 2021) may impact the results of content analysis, something that is often …” „… may affect the quality of training data: (non-)systematic errors in human annotations and curation …”

„… have a significant impact.Keywords: Content Analysis, coding, annotation, coder characteristics …” „… difficulty for coders, impact coding quality. To test these research questions, 300 tweets on the topic of …” „… results show that the coder character-istics have only a minor impact on quality, while category types …”

„… regulate e-health, will have a significant impact on general private law rules and Member States …” „… will inevitably affect in-border activities as well. Reference here is not made to the natural impact …” „… of cross border competition on price and quality but rather on the actual impact sector specific …”

„… ) extensive use of procedural techniques aimed at neutralizing the impact of prejudicial publicity. II …” „… bench have the ability to minimize the impact of juror bias, see J. Bornkamm (n. 1 above) 207; and more …” „… have an impact on judicial proceedings rarely constitute the subject of legal suits on the Continent …”

„… impact for technology performance differs among those with and without MCI. Design and Methods: We …” „… MCI in technology use in terms of time and errors; however, an interaction effect of device and study …” „… education. Generally spoken, education should be seen as a major life-span resource that unfolds its impact …”

„… im‐pact of adverse childhood experiences on trans people’s lives, this analysisintends to inform policies …” „… general population,only a small number of studies assessed the impact of adverse childhoodexperiences …” „… : B = unstandardized regression coefficient; SE = standard error of the estimate; Beta =standardized …”

„… prospects, contract duration, or salary), researchers can draw conclusions about the (relative) impact of …” „… impact of different job attributes allows, for instance, the testing of theories on job search or gender …” „… demonstrate the causal impact of the dimension in question. When using multivariate analyses, it is also …”

„… , J.J. (1979): Sample Selection Bias As a Specification Error, in: Econometrica 47, S. 153– 161 …” „… Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The Case of Manpower …” „… . Dabos (1987): Do We Need Experimental Data to Evaluate the Impact of Manpower Training on Earnings?, in …”