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Steve Peers, Tamara Hervey, Jeff Kenner, Angela Ward - The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

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Steve Peers (ed.), Tamara Hervey (ed.), Jeff Kenner (ed.), Angela Ward (ed.)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

2022

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Elisa Morgera, Gracia Marín Durán Article 37 – Environmental Protection S. 1041-1064

„… ), at 27. Article 37 * Article 37 Environmental Protection A high level of environmental protection …” „… ), http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/index_en.htm . S Bogojevi ć , ‘ EU Human Rights Law and Environmental Protection: The Beginning of a …” „… Commentaries ( Federal Trust , 2000 ). K Hectors , ‘ The Chartering of Environmental Protection: Exploring …”

Index S. 1927-1968

„… Index Aarhus Convention: environmental protection, 1042 , 1045 , 1048 – 49 , 1058 – 60 …” „… , 1255 – 56 , 1261 – 62 , 1334 – 35 , 1359 environmental protection, 1046 – 48 fair and just …” „… consumers interests basic rights, 1067 effective remedy, 1066 environmental protection, 1066 …”

Steve Weatherill Article 38 – Consumer Protection S. 1065-1084

„… provisions, such as Article 37 on Environmental Protection. Moreover, the right to an effective remedy …” „… , safety, environmental protection and consumer protection, will take as a base a high level of protection …” „… 35 and 37 of the Charter as sources of respect for health and environmental protection. But it found …”

Ferdinand Wollenschläger Article 17 (1) – Right to Property S. 489-518

„… . Beck , 2015 ). AR Ç oban , Protection of Property Rights within the European Convention on Human …” „… European Convention on Human Rights. Protection of property ( https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art …” „… of the banking system of the euro area as a whole; 5 access to environmental information regard-ing …”

Mats Lindfelt Article 44 – Right to Petition S. 1199-1210

„… need to demonstrate exclusive interest. Environmental pollution may constitute as an example. In the …” „… event of an environmental catastrophe, the resulting pollution might have effects affecting a large …” „… in 2019 concerned environmental issues, environ-ment and climate change, fundamental rights …”

Tamara Hervey, Jean McHale Article 35 – The Right to Health Care S. 1007-1024

„… for their human rights. Environmental protection (Art 37) is an important determinant of ‘ preventive …” „… , housing, safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, safe working conditions and environmental protection …” „… . A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all …”

Appendix S. 1891-1926

„… Environmental protectionA high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the …” „… sustainable development.Article 38Consumer protectionUnion policies shall ensure a high level of consumer …” „… protection.TITLE VCITIZENS’ RIGHTSArticle 39Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European …”

Erika Szyszczak Article 36 – Access to Services of General Economic Interest S. 1025-1040

„… — environmental protection; Article 38 — consumer protection. No mention is made as to how Article 36 interacts …” „… take into account the objectives of common protection, security of supply, environmental protection and …” „… convergence of the fundamental rights protec-tion in Europe ( Dordrecht , Springer , 2016 ). Part I …”

Angela Ward Article 47 – Right to an Effective Remedy and to a Fair Trial S. 1245-1384

„… Union law the protection is more extensive since it guarantees the right to an effective rem-edy before …” „… protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion …” „… Protection in EU law: an Unruly Horse ? ’ ( 2011 ) 36 European Law Review 51 . — — ‘ Article 47 CFR and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… 7 December 2000. Of course, fundamental rights protection in the law of the Union predates the …” „… as regards the right to respect for private and family life and the right to the protection of …” „… protection in practice, will, I believe, find answers to his or her questions in the pages of this part of …”

David Mangan Article 7 (Private Life, Home and Communications) – Respect for Private and Family Life S. 151-194

„… Article 37 CFR (environmental protection). (a) Private Life The precise meaning of private life, as …” „… , for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others …” „… . C Kuner , ‘ International agreements, data protection, and EU fundamental rights on the …”

Oxana Golynker Article 34 – Social Security and Social Assistance S. 985-1006

„… dealing with labour market protection and before those dealing with health, and environmental and consumer …” „… the entitlement to social security benefits and social services, provid-ing protection in events such …” „… Protection Afforded by the European Convention on Human Rights (Human Rights Files No 23) ( Strasbourg …”

Ivan Lazarov Article 42 – Right of Access to Documents S. 1153-1172

„… , Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community …” „… the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons …” „… ECHR guarantees a certain corresponding right, the level of protection under the Union law must be at …”

Catherine Dupré Article 1 – Human Dignity S. 3-24

„… cation of third-country nationals or stateless persons as benefi ciaries of international protection …” „… 2006 on the protection of minors and human dignity (2006/952/EC); EU Commission Communication on use of …” „… applicants for international protection (recast): full respect of human dignity when in detention (para 18 …”

Koen Lenaerts, José Antonio Gutiérrez-Fons The Place of the Charter in the European Legal Space S. 1711-1734

„… plurality of sources on which the EU system of fundamental rights protection is grounded. 8 The Charter thus …” „… duplicate the general system of protection of fundamental rights found in the ECHR ’ ). strike the right …” „… remaining open to other systems of fundamental rights protection. Today, those fi ndings still hold true …”

Rachael Craufurd Smith Article 22 – Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Diversity S. 639-666

„… , OUP , 2013 ). Y Donders , ‘ The Protection of Cultural Rights in Europe: None of the EU ’ s …” „… profession of faith or ideology ’ are all closely tied to the protection of national identity. 6 Article 67(1 …” „… Rachael Craufurd Smith 8 X Arzoz , ‘ The Protection of Linguistic Diversity through Article 22 of the …”

Ian Harden Article 43 – European Ombudsman S. 1173-1198

„… with the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) and the European Investment Bank (EIB). The MoU …” „… human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights. 23 Article 9 of the Aarhus …” „… to Justice in Environmental Matters) contains provisions similar to those in Council of Europe …”

Charlotte O’Brien Article 26 – Integration of Persons with Disabilities S. 743-778

„… disability (and age, religion and sexual orientation) discrimination protection more in line with that …” „… something different and additional to the protection from discrimination already provided for in Article 21 …” „… role in human rights protection, 31 and its prominent roles in the Charter as both a stand-alone right …”

Lorna Woods Article 11 – Freedom of Expression and Information S. 333-370

„… integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals …” „… , for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information …” „… Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) v Grogan [ 1991 ] ECR I-4685 . 8 The Court ’ s reasoning was …”

Steve Peers Article 3 – Right to the Integrity of the Person S. 39-58

„… special provision for integrity in the fields of medicine and biology. With regard to the protection and …” „… account requirements linked to the promotion of … a high level of … protection of human health. ’ Public …” „… the EU holds legislative powers, including consumer policy, environmental policy, and social policy …”

Steve Peers, Sacha Prechal Article 52 – Scope and Interpretation of Rights and Principles S. 1611-1674

„… environmental protection (Case T-614/13 Romonta (Judgment 26 September 2014) [60]). 98 For instance: Case C …” „… which correspond to rights guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and …” „… Convention. This provision shall not prevent Union law providing more extensive protection. 4. In so far as …”

Debbie Sayers Article 13 – Freedom of the Arts and Sciences S. 405-428

„… protection by traditional State actors. It also involves institutional protections—autonomy and …” „… Appiagyei-Atua , Academic Freedom and Its Protection in the Law of European States: Measuring an International …” „… Furstenberg , and T Prelec , ‘ The UK ’ s internationalised universities and the protection of academic …”

Valsamis Mitsilegas, Emmanouil Billis Article 49 – Principles of Legality and Proportionality of Criminal Offences and Penalties S. 1473-1508

„… protection offered by Article 49 of the Charter is completed by the other Articles in Title VI of the Charter …” „… the Treatment of Prisoners of War 8 and to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 9 as well …” „… are further enshrined in the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of …”

Jonathan Tomkin Article 50 – Right not to be Tried or Punished Twice in Criminal Proceedings for the same Criminal Offence S. 1509-1552

„… , Article 7 of the Convention on the Protection of the European Communities ’ Financial Interests and …” „… Fransson. Fishing for better rights protection: the court of justice on the application of the Charter in …” „… Transnational Ne Bis in Idem Principle in the EU Mutual Recognition and Equivalent Protection of Human Rights …”

Maarten den Heijer Article 18 – Right to Asylum S. 551-572

„… victims of environmental disasters. 94 These national forms of protection display, however, signifi cant …” „… ’ ( 2017 ) 102 Cornell Law Review 1219 – 1321 . J McAdam , Complementary Protection in International …” „… Philosophical Inquiry into the International Protection of Refugees ’ , ( Dissertation , Tilburg University …”

Filip Dorssemont Article 12 (1) – Freedom of Assembly and of Association S. 371-394

„… the protection of his or her interests. Text of Explanatory Note on Article 12(1) Paragraph 1 of …” „… form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 2. No restrictions shall be placed …” „… crime, for the protection of health or morals or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others …”

Angela Ward Article 51 – Field of Application S. 1553-1610

„… , it should be remembered that the requirements flowing from the protection of fundamental rights in …” „… , The Limits of Fundamental Rights Protection by the EU: The Scope for the Development of Positive …” „… Law Review 81 . J Laffranque (ed), The Protection of Fundamental Rights Post-Lisbon: the …”

Paul Torremans Article 17 (2) – Right to Property S. 519-550

„… guaranteed by the ECHR and the limitations may not exceed those provided for there. Protection of …” „… protection of designs [ 1998 ] OJ L289/28 ; Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the …” „… terms of protection of copyright and certain related rights ( 1993 ) OJ L290/9 , now codifi ed as …”

Paul Craig Article 41 – The Right to Good Administration S. 1125-1152

„… between Protection ? ’ ( 2011 ) 36 EL Rev 651 . Hofmann , H , Rowe , G , and T ü rk , A …” „… of reasons and fairness. A narrower reading of Article 41(1) would give protection to rather more …” „… non-contractual liability, it would be contrary to the principle of effective judicial protection if Articles 274 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748913245

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Steve Peers (ed.), Tamara Hervey (ed.), Jeff Kenner (ed.), Angela Ward (ed.)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2014

Results in this title

Elisa Morgera, Gracia Marín Durán Article 37 – Environmental Protection S. 1026-1047

„… Article 37* Article 37Environmental ProtectionA high level of environmental protection and the …” „… Chartering of Environmental Protection: Exploring the Boundaries of Environmental Protection as a Human Right …” „… (Heidelberg, Springer, 2011).A Lucarelli, ‘Article 37—Environmental Protection’ in WBT Wolk (ed), Human Rights …”

Index S. 1904-1937

„… Aarhus Convention:environmental protection, 984, 991–92, 1000–01ombudsmen, 1125abortion:freedom of …” „… persons with disabilities (Article 26)Environmental protection (Article 37), 991–92, 1002–03duties of …” „… cross-border double jeopardy, 1383environmental protection, 987–88Euro-parties, 370–71, 376European citizenship …”

Steve Weatherill Article 38 – Consumer Protection S. 1048-1069

„… similarly worded and motivated provisions, such as Article 37 on Environmental Protection. Moreover, the …” „… environmental protection. But it then found the ‘radical’ traffic ban to go too far.22 Austria had not …” „… paragraph 1 concerning health, safety, environmental protection and consumer protection, will take as a base …”

Tamara Hervey, Jean McHale Article 35 – The Right to Health Care S. 994-1011

„… non-discrimination (Art 21) applies to respect for their human rights. Environmental protection (Art 37) is an …” „… environmental protection. The right to health is increasingly defined in the context of a ‘general framework …” „… and practices. A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and …”

Mats Lindfelt Article 44 – Right to Petition S. 1194-1203

„… exclusive interest. Environmental pollution may constitute as an example. In the event of an environmental …” „… , fundamental rights and justice, consumer protection, internal market, employment and social affairs.24 The …” „… on treaty provisions without widening or reducing the scope of application or the level of protection …”

Deirdre Curtin, Joana Mendes Article 42 – Right of Access to Documents S. 1142-1163

„… Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to the Union institutions and bodies, and in the …” „… participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters to Community institutions and …” „… . Thus the privacy and the integrity of the individual, as well as the protection of personal data, as …”

Appendix S. 1868-1903

„… Environmental protectionA high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the …” „… provisions are compatible with Union law.Explanation on Article 37—Environmental protectionThe principles set …” „… sustainable development.Article 38Consumer protectionUnion policies shall ensure a high level of consumer …”

Jens Vested-Hansen Article 7 – Respect for Private and Family Life (Private Life, Home and Communications) S. 196-225

„… of the protection of health and of environmental protection laid down in Arts 2 and 3 TEC and in Arts …” „… therefore not fulfilled its obligations under Articles 28 and 29 TEC.110(f) Data ProtectionArticle 8 CFR …” „… country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the …”

Violeta Moreno-Lax, Cathryn Costello The Extraterritorial Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Territoriality to Facticity, the Effectiveness Model S. 1700-1727

„… Protection in Extraterritorial Immigration Control’, in B Ryan and V Mitsilegas (eds), Extraterritorial …” „… , Article 52(3) clearly envisages situations where EU law may provide more extensive protection than the …” „… maintain the level of protection currently afforded within their respective scope by Union law, national …”

Anthony Arnull Protocol (No 30) on the Application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to Poland and the United Kingdom S. 1638-1655

„… contains provisions on such matters as employment rights, social security, environmental protection and …” „… be an example of a provision containing a principle. That is Article 37 on environmental protection …” „… undermine the efforts of the EU to reach and maintain a uniformly high level of protection.A similar point …”

Pekka Aalto, Herwig CH Hofmann, Liisa Holopainen, Elina Paunio, Laurent Pech, Debbie Sayers, Dinah Shelton, Angela Ward Article 47 – Right to an Effective Remedy and to a Fair Trial S. 1240-1319

„… Convention [on access to justice in environmental matters] goes further than effective legal protection under …” „… level of protection which Articles 6 and 13 ECHR would have guaranteed.(b) Scope of ProtectionThe case …” „… committed by persons acting in an official capacity.’However, in Union law the protection is more extensive …”

Robin White Article 34 – Social Security and Social Assistance S. 970-993

„… services of general economic interest, environmental protection and consumer protection. The placement of …” „… before those dealing with health, and environmental and consumer protection. Reference is made in the …” „… social protection.III. Council of Europe TreatiesIn addition to the European Convention on Human Rights …”

Valsamis Mitsilegas Article 49 – Principles of Legality and Proportionality of Criminal Offences and Penalties S. 1394-1415

„… Provisions of the CharterThe protection offered by Article 49 of the Charter is completed by the other …” „… Prisoners of War8 and on the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.9 The principle of legality has …” „… scope’ as the relevant ECHR rights, although the EU may establish a higher level of protection …”

Jean-Paul Jacqué The Explanations Relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union S. 1758-1767

„… protection of the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights might have been changed by the …” „… Advocate General Léger, when talking about the limitations to the right to effective legal protection, ie …” „… allude to a wider protection than that offered by the ECHR.21 When called on to re-examine one of the …”

Olivier De Schutter The Implementation of the Charter by the Institutions of the European Union S. 1670-1699

„… rights policies and practices and endeavour to keep protection of those rights on a purely national basis …” „… rights and damaging the credibility of the EU’s external policy in the area of the protection of …” „… the requirements flowing from the protection of fundamental rights’.39 In other terms, it is not …”

Gabriel N Toggenburg The EU Fundamental Rights Agency and the Fundamental Rights Charter: How Fundamental is the Link Between them? S. 1656-1669

„… to justice’ is of immediate relevance for environmental protection (Art 37 of the Charter) and …” „… only body of the European Union that is solely and specifically tasked to deal with the protection of …” „… potential’, in K Boyle (ed), New Institutions for Human Rights Protection (Oxford, OUP, 2009) 93–136; H …”

Erika Szyszczak Article 36 – Access to Services of General Economic Interest S. 1012-1025

„… services; Article 34—social security and social assistance; Article 35—healthcare; Article 37—environmental …” „… protection; Article 38—consumer protection. No mention is made as to how Article 36 interacts with these …” „… discussion of the protection of a national constitutional ‘right’ could embrace the concept of a right of a …”

Ian Harden Article 43 – European Ombudsman S. 1164-1193

„… also to be found in memoranda of understanding with the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) and …” „… protection of human rights.22 Article 9 of the Aarhus Convention of 1998 (Convention on Access to Information …” „… , Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters) contains …”

Jonathan Tomkin Article 50 – Right not to be Tried or Punished Twice in Criminal Proceedings for the same Criminal Offence S. 1416-1455

„… 7 of the Convention on the Protection of the European Communities’ Financial Interests and Article …” „… principle in the EU Mutual recognition and equivalent protection of human rights’ (2005) 1 (2) Utrecht Law …” „… Commission v Council [2005] ECR I-7879 concerning Union environmental law. The extent to which Art 50 may …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-43

„… .................................................................................................................981Article 37 – Environmental Protection …” „… , President of the Court of Justice of the European UnionThe protection of fundamental rights in the European …” „… , on the other, the harmonious coexistence of these parallel systems of protection over several decades …”

Debbie Sayers Article 13 – Freedom of the Arts and Sciences S. 422-443

„… scientific research.(iv) Article 8—Protection of personal data. Data protection laws may restrain academic …” „… safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the …” „… protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in …”

Sabine Michalowski Article 3 – Right to the Integrity of the Person S. 82-103

„… provision for integrity in the fields of medicine and biology. With regard to the protection and improvement …” „… requirements linked to the promotion of … a high level of … protection of human health.’ Public health issues …” „… holds legislative powers, including consumer policy, environmental policy, and social policy. The main …”

Maarten den Heijer Article 18 – Right to Asylum S. 562-585

„… environmental disasters.81 These national forms of protection display however significant variety between Member …” „… (Cambridge, CUP, 2005).J McAdam, Complementary Protection in International Refugee Law (Oxford, OUP, 2007).N …” „… .N Oudejans, ‘Asylum. A Philosophical Inquiry Into the International Protection of Refugees …”

Catherine Dupré Article 1 – Human Dignity S. 44-67

„… Article 37 (environmental protection). Finally, there may well be some overwhelming democratic interest in …” „… (eds), La Charte de Droits Fondamentaux de l’Union européenne. Son apport à la protection des droits de …” „… second type of issues concerns the protection of minors with regard to European audiovisual and …”

Lorna Woods Article 11 – Freedom of Expression and Information S. 354-383

„… safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the …” „… protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in …” „… -159/90 Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) v Grogan [1991] ECR I-4685. 7 The Court’s …”

Steve Peers, Sacha Prechal Article 52 – Scope and Interpretation of Rights and Principles S. 1498-1565

„… the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the meaning and scope of …” „… prevent Union law providing more extensive protection.4. In so far as this Charter recognises fundamental …” „… paragraph is designed to allow the Union to guarantee more extensive protection. In any event, the level of …”

Article 12 – Freedom of Assembly and of Association S. 384-421

„… the protection of his or her interests. Text of Explanatory Note on Article 12(1)Paragraph 1 of this …” „… join trade unions for the protection of his interests.2. No restrictions shall be placed on the …” „… , for the protection of health or morals or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others …”

Paul Craig Article 41 – Right to Good Administration S. 1112-1141

„… Right to be Heard in Composite Administrative Procedures: Lost in between Protection?’ (2011) 36 …” „… give protection to rather more discrete rights, which are not specifically listed in Article 41(2 …” „… effective judicial protection if Articles 274 and 340(2) were construed to preclude such recovery.18 The …”

Charlotte O’Brien Article 26 – Integration of Persons with Disabilities S. 752-791

„… , religion and sexual orientation) discrimination protection more in line with that offered on the grounds of …” „… playing an increasing role in human rights protection,28 and its prominent role in the Charter as a …” „… protection from the Union’s disregard for nationally provided rights. However, even that narrow reading could …”

Article 17 – Right to Property S. 508-561

„… principle of EU law (cf 17(1).03).(c) Scope of ProtectionThe right to property offers not only protection …” „… Economic Constitution’ (2007) Yearbook of European Law 254.AR Çoban, Protection of Property Rights within …” „… constitutional law also differentiating between the protection of acquiring and acquired positions.10Moreover …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259055

Christian Igel, Wolfgang G. Lange, Walter Ried, Volker Ulrich - Effizienz, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit im Gesundheitswesen

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Christian Igel (ed.), Wolfgang G. Lange (ed.), Walter Ried (ed.), Volker Ulrich (ed.)

Effizienz, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit im Gesundheitswesen

2007

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Klaus Conrad Environmental Protection as an Instrument in the International Competition S. 59-71

„… 39 Environmental Protection as an Instrument in the International Competition Klaus Conrad …” „… .................................................................................................................... 39 2 The cost of environmental protection …” „… .................................................................................................... 41 4. Germany’s competitiveness in the market for environmental protection goods ............ 42 5 …”

Eckhard Janeba Die additive Bereitstellung privater Güter – Staat, Markt und Eigenproduktion S. 43-59

„… additive Bereitstellung privater Güter – Staat, Markt und Eigenproduktion 38 39 Environmental Protection as …” „… .................................................................................................................... 39 2 The cost of environmental protection …” „… .................................................................................................... 41 4. Germany’s competitiveness in the market for environmental protection goods ............ 42 5 …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 15-20

„… privater Güter – Staat, Markt und Eigenproduktion ..... 23 Eckhard Janeba Environmental Protection as an …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845202648

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Ulrich Beyerlin, Thilo Marauhn

International Environmental Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2011

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Environmental Protection and Human Rights S. 390-411

„… 391 Part VI: Other Areas of International LawEnvironmental Protection and Human Rights 26 …” „… Environmental Protection and Human Rights Due to the acknowledgement that law will never be enforced unless …” „… environmental reasons share some features of human rights protection. 26.1 Environmental Human Rights …”

Environmental Protection and International Economic Law S. 424-439

„… the two perceived opposing objectives—international trade and environmental protection—are often …” „… protection on the other.1 Frequently, developing countries perceive international environmental obligations …” „… and environmental protection as antinomies. Agenda 21 calls upon economic actors to contribute to …”

Environmental Protection and International Peace and Security S. 412-423

„… protection of the environment, it seems likely that arms control and disarmament promotes environmental …” „… of international security and environmental protection which at fi rst sight seem to be indifferent …” „… ) 10 Yearbook of International Environmental Law 188–193. ——, ‘Towards Better Protection for the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Single MEAs 66 C O N T E N T S ix 9.4.2 Conditionality of Environmental Protection and Compliance …” „… Environmental Protection 171 13.6 Conclusions 173 14 Flora, Fauna and Biological Diversity 177 14.1 Survey 177 …” „… International Environmental Law and Other Areas of International Law 389 26 Environmental Protection and Human …”

From Stockholm to the Rio Conference (1992) S. 8-13

„… the time was ripe for effective international environmental protection as the ability of science to …” „… effective techniques and technologies for environmental protection had been developed. According to the UN …” „… UN system to have environmental protection as its main task. It was thus destined to assume a …”

From Rio to the Johannesburg Conference (2002) S. 14-23

„… , that ‘sustainability’ relates to environmental protection follows from the genesis of the concept of …” „… close linkage between development politics and environmental protection was emphasised for the fi rst …” „… development, the consideration of environmental protection as an integral part of development politics, and …”

From the Beginnings of International Environmental Law to the Stockholm Conference (1972) S. 2-7

„… fact that the UN Charter of 1945 made neither environmental protection nor the conservation of the …” „… fi rst treaties relevant to environmental protection can be found much earlier. Thus, a number …” „… environmental protection. This dispute between the USA and Canada dealt with the settlement of damages incurred …”

Sustainable Development S. 74-85

„… components . . .—economic development, social development and environmental protection—as interdependent and …” „… Environment’ of 19712 pointed to the linkage of long-term development goals and environmental protection. In …” „… 11, fi rst emphasised that environmental protection and economic development must be understood as …”

Johannesburg and Beyond S. 24-31

„… development, social development and environmental protection—as interdependent and mutually reinforcing …” „… of forests and related biodiversity, the current weakness of global environmental protection …” „… the environmental agenda.15 This shift from environmental protection to development at the …”

International Environmental Governance S. 242-265

„… . Moreover, in light of their considerable impact—both positive and negative—on environmental protection …” „… Environmental Protection (Oxford 1996). 18 H Post, ‘Hatton and Others: Further Clarifi cation of the “Indirect …” „… responsibility for the protection of the global environment, quite a few of them address environmental issues …”

Perspectives S. 440-447

„… V E S Whether human rights protection is a useful means to make international environmental …” „… international environmental and developmental co-operation. They will be likely to agree that the normative …” „… system of international environmental law is still far from perfect and shows severe gaps. They may also …”

Customary International Environmental Law; Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes S. 282-289

„… international environmental protection ‘is analogous to the process in general international law’. A closer …” „… Customary Rules of Environmental Protection’ (1973) 13 Natural Resources Journal 179, 180. 15 See Chapter 6 …” „… Environmental Protection’ (1973) 13 Natural Resources Journal 179–189. B Cheng, ‘United Nations Resolutions on …”

Precautionary Action S. 48-57

„… ‘Loi Barnier’ only in 1995.5 In 1999, PA became part of the revised Canadian Environmental Protection …” „… ). 6 Canadian Environmental Protection Act of 1999, in force since 31 March 2000. 7 For a critical …” „… shall apply a precautionary approach to environmental protection from dumping of wastes . . . whereby …”

International Environmental Treaty-Making and Treaty Regime-Building S. 266-281

„… treaty on integrated environmental protection. Any centralisation of international environmental …” „… , the more effective the environmental protection mechanisms in an international agreement are …” „… dealing with aspects of environmental protection. This ever-growing proliferation of interstate treaties …”

Freshwater Resources S. 86-115

„… issues of fi sh, irrigation and environmental protection, its implementation through detailed annual …” „… Inadequacy of Environmental Protection Mechanisms in the Mekong River Basin Agreement’ (2001) 6 Asia Pacifi …” „… , ‘The Role of International Environmental Law in the Protection of the Danube River Basin’ (2001) 12 …”

Procedural Environmental Obligations S. 228-241

„… November 1990;7 the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol …” „… (78)77 (21 September 1978) on ‘Strengthening International Co-operation on Environmental Protection in …” „… access guarantees no substantive standard of environmental protection, and no procedural rights of any …”

Oceans and Marine Resources S. 116-145

„… general see T Stephens, International Courts and Environmental Protection (Cambridge 2009). Cf also below …” „… marine environmental protection. By contrast, UNCLOS, particularly in its Part XII, establishes a …” „… general norms apply in the various fi elds of marine environmental protection. They are complemented by …”

Private Environmental Governance S. 300-315

„… are fi t for their purpose.26 Based on their distinct approaches to environmental protection, they may …” „… Accountability’ (1995) 4 RECIEL 116. 32 Cf PS Evers, ‘ISO 14000 and Environmental Protection’ (1997) 67 …” „… , social development and environmental protection cannot be implemented by regulatory approaches alone.47 …”

Compliance Assistance S. 344-359

„… in marine environmental protection14 in accordance with Article 192, and obliges parties to assist …” „… environmental protection. The development and transfer of appropriate technology should be ‘on fair and …” „… by environmental protection groups as a model for fi nancial mechanisms for the treaties on the …”

Flora, Fauna and Biological Diversity S. 178-211

„… Treaties and the Global Protection of Birds (Part I)’ (1999) 11 Journal of Environmental Law 87, 91–92 and …” „… Biological Diversity 14.1 Survey The protection of fl ora and fauna in their respective habitats, the …” „… Convention for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals concluded between the United States, Russia, the …”

Responsibility and Liability S. 360-377

„… VI to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty on Liability Arising from …” „… ections on International Liability Regimes as Tools for Environmental Protection’ (2004) 53 ICLQ 351. 22 …” „… liability should be 38 See Chapter 13.5 on ‘Outer Space Activities and Environmental Protection’. 39 UNGA …”

Index S. 448-453

„… , 368 Environmental protection 146, 228–229, 231 Liability regime for the Antarctic 360, 368–369 Marine …” „… settlement 93, 117, 379–380, 382–383 Arctic 123, 130 Armed confl ict, environmental protection Biological …” „… 20, 121, 152 Humanitarian law; see Armed confl ict, environmental protection Indigenous peoples; see …”

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities S. 62-73

„… burdens of environmental protection, just as it has enjoyed the benefi ts of economic and industrial …” „… N T I A T E D R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S 69 9.4.2 Conditionality of Environmental Protection …” „… the treaty clauses in question is detrimental to the aim of environmental protection, because it …”

International Environmental ‘Soft Law’ S. 290-299

„… 289 Part IV: ‘SETTING THE RULES OF THE GAME’International Environmental ‘Soft Law’ 20 …” „… International Environmental ‘Soft Law’ 20.1 Theoretical Premises International law is characterised by close …” „… current international environmental relations, this grey area of norms with amorphous contents, blurred …”

Compliance Control S. 316-343

„… Part V International Environmental Governance II: Ensuring Compliance 317 Part V: Ensuring …” „… Management’ The number of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) concluded since the 1970s is …” „… relations scholars answer this question in terms of the behavioural or environmental changes which can be …”

Environmental Dispute Settlement S. 378-389

„… facts.3 2 See T Stephens, International Courts and Environmental Protection (Cambridge 2009) 9 …” „… Environmental Policy and Law 73–78. T Stephens, International Courts and Environmental Protection (Cambridge …” „… 377 Part V: Ensuring ComplianceEnvironmental Dispute Settlement 25 Environmental Dispute …”

Air, Ozone, Climate and Outer Space S. 146-177

„… endeavours of states to establish an effective system of global environmental protection. This is all the …” „… and form.97 13.5 Outer Space Activities and Environmental Protection During the past 50 years …” „… environment, although orbital space debris may, in the longer run, cause considerable environmental damage on …”

Polluter Pays S. 58-61

„… legislation on environmental protection must apply the “polluter pays” principle, under which natural or …” „… to promote the internalisation of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking …” „… Recommendation on Guiding Principles Concerning the International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies,1 …”

Wastes and Hazardous Substances S. 212-227

„… Toward Environmental Protection?’ (2004) 16 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 679. 46 …” „… Hazardous Chemicals: A Meaningful Step Toward Environmental Protection?’ (2004) 16 Georgetown International …” „… are 1 OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2006-2008, available at www.oecd.org/document/49/0,334 3,en …”

‘Key Concepts’: Meaning, Underlying Ideas and Classifi cation S. 32-39

„… Part II Key Concepts in International Environmental Law 33 Part II: Key Concepts‘Key Concepts’ 5 …” „… Environmental Law: Meaning and Role The 1992 Rio Declaration1 features a catalogue of 27 multifaceted concepts …” „… designed to determine the road which all states and other actors in international environmental and …”

‘No Harm’ S. 40-47

„… cant transboundary environmental harm deserves to the best possible protection. If a state that has …” „… 1977); ‘Recommendation on Strengthening International Co-operation on Environmental Protection in …” „… environmental impacts. This doctrine fi nally became obsolete in 1941 when the arbitral tribunal in the famous …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265582

Achim Maas, Balázs Bodó, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardicea, Roger Roffey - Global Environmental Change

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Achim Maas, Balázs Bodó, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardicea, Roger Roffey

Global Environmental Change

2013

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Christian Weicht , Robert Weicht Environmental Resource Crime: Protection and Prevention Strategies S. 37-56

„… Environmental Resource Crime: Protection and PreventionStrategiesChristian Weicht and Robert …” „… situation reportcan provide the possibility of fast and planned interventions.Personal protectionThe …” „… such as this could be enough of adeterrent to prevent theft.Table 1: Monitoring personal protectionType …”

Anja P. Jakobi From Global Environmental Change to Global Criminal Threats? A Critical Appraisal S. 57-74

„… regulatory efforts and environmental protection.Specifically, it argues for the classification of emerging …” „… seriously weakened and environmental protection put at risk.While environmental change is highly complex and …” „… between legal and licit activities in the context of environmental protection. Yet, even existing …”

Aimilia Voulvouli Mediterranean Environmentalism: The ‘Transenvironmental’ Character of Environmental Associations in Turkey, Syria and Cyprus S. 75-92

„… scientific understanding of environmental issues came newland protection measures (Raptis 2000). The first …” „… national parks, 32 nature preserves and 19 special areas of environmental protection.4 It also has eleven …” „… sustainable development, economic development, social development and environmental protection at the local …”

Katja Eman , Gorazd Meško , Charles B. Fields and Roger Roffey Environmental Crime: A New Security Challenge S. 15-36

„… ), environmental protection remains an underdeveloped part of the national security system. As Sotlar and …” „… protection of national values from threats. Grošelj (2007: 147) argues that environmental problems that are …” „… developing countries (this includes countries intransition), where development of environmental protection …”

Moshe Terdiman Environmental Activism and Protest Movements in North Africa S. 93-108

„… : environmental protection, development issues, raising public awareness, environmentaleducation, and dealing with …” „… relationship between environmental protection and economic development. Yet, the party faced many constraints …” „… Environmental Activism and Protest Movements in North AfricaMoshe TerdimanIntroductionThe Arab …”

Balázs Bodó, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardicea, Achim Maas, Roger Roffey List of authors S. 293-298

„… ‘Environmental crime andenvironmental protection – multidisciplinary perspectives’ (2012). His current296research …” „… Iraqi government of 2004-2005, where she designed the entire ministry anddeveloped a new environmental …” „… University. Her researchinterest focuses on the security implications of environmental policies. Additionally …”

Kent Hughes Butts, Brent C. Bankus Environmental Change, Insurgency and Terrorism in Africa S. 141-160

„… Protection Agency (EPA) highlights the connection between environment andsecurity: “Environmental security is …” „… . Inglewood Cliffs: Prentiss–Hall.158Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1999: Environmental Security …” „… : StrengtheningNational Security Through Environmental Protection, Washington: USEPA.Foreign Policy 2011: Failed States …”

Steffen W. Allhoff , Sebastian K. Buciak Action, Reaction, Escalation: Radical Environmental Organisations in the Context of Eco-terrorism and Eco-radicalism S. 221-242

„… .). While inspiring German society, environmental protection within West Germany was strongly promoted by …” „… Action, Reaction, Escalation: Radical Environmental Organisationsin the Context of Eco-terrorism …” „… eco-radicalism have been at the centre of a war ofwords between industry advocates and environmental activists …”

Balázs Bodó, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardicea, Achim Maas, Roger Roffey Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… 15Katja Eman, Gorazd Meško and Charles B. FieldsEnvironmental Resource Crime: Protection and …” „… Terrorism?Global Environmental ChangeNomosAchim Maas | Balázs Bodó | Clementine Burnley | Irina Comardicea | Roger …” „… Bodo, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardiceaand Roger RoffeyEnvironmental Crime: A New Security Challenge …”

Balázs Bodó, Clementine Burnley, Irina Comardicea, Achim Maas, Roger Roffey List of abbreviations S. 7-10

„… Environment Foundation of TurkeyELF Earth Liberation FrontEPA U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyEPRSC …” „… HostileUse of Environmental Modification Techniques7ERF United Nations Expanded Humanitarian Response FundETC …” „… Reforestationand the Protection of Natural HabitatsUK United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUN United …”

James P. Stack , Jacqueline Fletcher , M. Lodovica Gullino Climate Change and Plant Biosecurity: A New World Disorder? S. 161-182

„… individuals or groups with political,environmental or ideological motivation; and 2) biocrime: the intentional …” „… onto plant systems will includeboth direct effects (e.g., economic loss, environmental damage) and …” „… (Environmental Justice Foundation 2009). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) forecasts that by …”

Mishkat Al Moumin The Connections between Environmental Policies and Insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq S. 109-140

„… The Connections between Environmental Policies and Insurgenciesin Afghanistan and IraqMishkat Al …” „… regarding distributing environmental resources among the population) in the Middle East are often designed …” „… environmental resources (e.g. water, timber and croplands) or services(e.g. safe drinking water, sanitation …”

Jürgen Scheffran and Thomas Cannaday Resistance to Climate Change Policies: The Conflict Potential of Non- Fossil Energy Paths and Climate Engineering S. 261-292

„… environmental risks of energy use, notably climate change. Several types of energyrelated con?icts are important …” „… transmission and transportation routes and pipelines.The environmental risks of fossil energy use can hardly be …” „… power or energy efficiency (Kalinowski 2009).4. Health and environmental effects: Radioactive materials …”

Sascha Dickel Beyond Cynicism: Climate Engineering Technologies and VeganDiets as Alternative Solutions for Climate Change S. 243-260

„… environmental impact of industrial animal agriculture. The World Society for the Protection of Animals …” „… policy paper of the World Society for the Protection of Animals,Pachauri wrote:‘One of the major findings …” „… impending environmental catastrophe, its worst effects couldbe reduced or stopped by a simple change in diet …”

Roger Roffey Proliferating Biotechnology: Risk and Threats to People and Ecosystems S. 183-202

„… carry potential security and environmental risks(White House 2012). An ever increasing amount of …” „… known concerns about the environmental impact of changing land use due to the competition between food …” „… and biofuel production.This chapter examines the potential risks with and the environmental impactof …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238586

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