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Matthias Waechter, Hartmut Marhold - Europe - Against the Tide

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Matthias Waechter (ed.), Hartmut Marhold (ed.)

Europe - Against the Tide

Series: Denkart Europa | Mindset Europe

Volume 28 2019

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Hartmut Marhold Differentiated Integration, Reconsidered S. 35-42

„… Differentiated Integration, ReconsideredHartmut Marhold*A new U-turn to multi-speed Europe"The …” „… Minister,Beata Szydlo. This is the reason why these countries are strictly opposedto differentiated integration …” „… arethree fundamental conditions which must come together in order to allowfor differentiated integration …”

Ebru Turhan Thinking out of the Accession Box: The Potential and Limitations of Internal and External Differentiated Integration Between Turkey and the EU S. 43-60

„… Differentiated IntegrationBetween Turkey and the EUEbru Turhan*EU on the Path to Extended Internal Differentiated …” „… internal differ-entiated integration.The significant fragmentation among the Member States over EU re-form …” „… Spectrum of Options for External Differentiated Integration:Assessment of Potential Arrangements for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Matthias WaechterDifferentiated Integration, Reconsidered 35Hartmut MarholdThinking out of the Accession …” „… Box: The Potential and Limitationsof Internal and External Differentiated Integration Between …” „… as well as some continuity in European integration and interna-tional relations: The international …”

Hartmut Marhold From Brexit to Bratislava. Another EU Reform Debate Emerging S. 9-20

„… differentiated integration moving forward: The cur-rent reform process must be seen, in their eyes, as “an …” „… two more days before another crucial format of cooperationin European integration was to come in, the …” „… the Brexit opportunity to push inte-gration forward and deeper; East and West were drawing divergent …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845292762

Funda Tekin - Differentiated Integration at Work

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Funda Tekin

Differentiated Integration at Work

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 6 2012

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Structuring the Supercharged Debate on Differentiated Integration S. 38-46

„… terminological reference for the analysis of differentiated integration.Therefore, this chapter, in a first step …” „… Supercharged Debate on Differentiated IntegrationMulti-speed Europe, directorate, triumvirate, core Europe …” „… integration.The main variables that are recurred to in order to structure concepts of differ-entiated integration …”

The Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work: Mission Accomplished? S. 297-299

„… The Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work: Mission Accomplished?Although, differentiated …” „… ; Schim-melfennig et. al. 2011). While Kölliker’s differentiated integration theory derivesthe logic of …” „… differentiated integration from public goods theory and the theory ofclubs, other authors mutually combine …”

Patterns of Differentiated Integration at Work in the AFSJ S. 284-292

„… integrationat work increasing net-benefits of thegeneral opt-outpatterns of differentiated inte-gration at work …” „… comprehensively elaborated. Given the two dimensionality of differentiated inte-gration at work …” „… opt-outs from the semanticavalanche, and in the light of the paths to differentiated integration at work …”

Externalities: The Pressure for Circumvention of Differentiated Integration S. 131-138

„… sub-chapter.Externalities: The Pressure for Circumvention of Differentiated IntegrationThe Intervening Variable II is …” „… asylum.Therefore, in terms of differentiated integration theory, differentiated integrationstructures are …” „… However, in light of the volatility of differentiated integration in the realm of theAFSJ that is …”

Differentiated Integration Tools: Actual Differentiation in Primary Law S. 114-125

„… integration are given an in-depth thought in thefollowing sub-chapter.Differentiated Integration Tools: Actual …” „… definedforms and institutionalised structures of differentiated integration. Thus, in fullcompliance with the …” „… are crucially interesting to the present analysisof differentiated integration at work.In the history …”

Theorising Differentiated Integration: The Neglected Case in Traditional European Integration Theory? S. 46-50

„… differentiated integration to be a viable form of European integration(see chapter 2.1.2) it is now time to bring …” „… European integration”(Pierson 1996: 123) is broadened and adapted to the analysis of differentiated …” „… this clarification of the term of ‘differentiated integration’, its con-sideration in European …”

Differentiated Integration at Work: How to Close the Research Gaps S. 282-284

„… general research questions of:• What patterns of differentiated integration at work can be identified in …” „… structures of differentiated policy-/deci-sion-making, i.e. the differentiated integration at work. Thus …” „… differen-tiated integration. To this end, the analytical frame of the paths of differentiatedintegration at work …”

Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: Schengen S. 254-256

„… Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: SchengenBuilding on the Working …” „… Thesis 3 that stipulates that the impact of the institution-alisation of differentiated integration in a …” „… of differentiated integration at work and the condition-ality of the functional centripetal effects …”

The Paths to Differentiated Integration at Work: Guiding Assumptions and Working Theses S. 86-92

„… integrationInstitutionalisation of differentiated integration generates positive dynamics withregard to structural and functional …” „… integrationInstitutionalisation of differentiated integration generates ambivalent dynamicswith regard to structural and …” „… dimension.Guiding Assumption 3: Fragmentation of European integrationInstitutionalisation of differentiated …”

Guiding Assumptions Refined: Yardsticks for Patterns of Differentiated Integration at Work S. 145-150

„… Guiding Assumptions Refined: Yardsticks for Patterns of DifferentiatedIntegration at WorkThe aim of …” „… patterns of differentiated integration at work in the Areaof Freedom, Security and Justice. To this end …” „… differentiated integration at work is qualitativelyscaled in consideration of the evolution of the respective …”

Theoretical Findings on Differentiated Integration as Second-Best Solution and Its Rationale S. 50-61

„… integration”(Pierson 1996: 123) is broadened and adapted to the analysis of differentiated in-tegration at work. The …” „… process of institutionalisation of differen-tiated integration.It is thus important to assess what sort of …” „… Theorising Differentiated Integration at Work: Bringing HistoricalInstitutionalism Back inThis …”

The Commission: The Neutral Broker in the Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work S. 230-234

„… The ‘Living Procedures’ of Differentiated Integration in the Areaof Freedom, Security and …” „… procedures’ of different-iated integration on European integration in the given policy area. On this …” „… account,the paths of differentiated integration at work in the AFSJ that postulates that the‘Outs’ are able to …”

A Structuring Approach to Differentiated Integration: State of the Art, Key Aspects and Core Research Questions S. 19-27

„… differentiated practices, or(3) to the dissolution of integration.Graph 2: Three Pillars of the Research on …” „… differentiated integration,i.e. the debate on differentiated integration, its institutionalisation, and patterns …” „… distin-guishes between the forms of flexible integration and of differentiated integration.Consequently …”

Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU S. 280-281

„… Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: Title IVTEC / Title V TFEUCompared …” „… cooperation. Thus, the differentiated inte-gration structures are institutionalised to establish consolidation …” „… of Differentiated Integration280twice, first on the opt-in regime, and later on the full abolition of …”

Review of the Explanatory Benefits and Limits of Historical Institutionalism in Light of the Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work S. 66-70

„… differentiated integrationSource: Adapted version of Pierson 1996: 149.preferences of ‘Outs’bargaining power of …” „… Graph 7: Paths of Differentiated Integration at WorkMS preferencesMS bargaining powerinterstate …” „… Limits of Historical Institutionalismin Light of the Paths of Differentiated Integration at WorkThis …”

Structural and Functional Differentiation and Externalities: Establishing the Net-Benefits of the General Opt-out S. 80-86

„… theindividual policies differentiated integration is persisting.Thus, the analysis foots in the conviction that …” „… centripetal or centrifugal effectsof differentiated integration, once established, are actually generated by …” „… differentiated integration. Inorder to theoretically grasp by which means ‘gaps’ in Member States’ control …”

Relevance of Externalities and Member State Action S. 70-80

„… not necessarily undermine uniform European integration.In spite of differentiated institutional …” „… differentiated integration.Only afterwards, being informed by such basic mechanisms of push and pull effectsthe …” „… institutionalism lacks one focal insight for analysing the institutionalisationof differentiated integration and …”

Research Design: The Case, Variables, Assumptions, Methodology S. 27-36

„… distin-guishes between the forms of flexible integration and of differentiated integration.Consequently …” „… camp that deals with differentiated integration reality (Adler-Nissen2009a; Puetter 2006 …” „… ‘differentiated integration at work’.To this end, in a first step, the theoretical approaches of the path to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… research on differentiated integration.His way of conducting research provided inspiration for structuring …” „… JusticeDifferentiated Integration at WorkNomosFunda TekinBUT_Tekin_7167-0.indd 3 24.11.11 10:521. Edition 2012 …” „… Integration atWork’1.19A Structuring Approach to Differentiated Integration: State of theArt, Key Aspects and …”

Acceleration Consolidation Fragmentation: What is it Going to Be? S. 292-297

„… positive that consolidate theinstitutionalisation of differentiated integration.In a nutshell, in the light …” „… analytical frame ofthe paths of differentiated integration at work starts out from the assumption …” „… 2).However, whether feedback loops of differentiated integration at work are set toundermine …”

Flexibility Tools: Uniform Primary Law and Differentiated Secondary Law S. 93-114

„… 2001; Gra-bitz 1984) differentiated integration is defined as opposed to complete integrationthat is …” „… differentiated integra-tion.Forms of actual differentiated integration that are relevant to the analysis …” „… research design of this study considers, hence, legal provisions on differ-entiated integration and their …”

The Stickiness of Structures of Differentiated Policy-/Decision-Making S. 61-66

„… outcomesTime T1 = set-up of differentiated integrationSource: Adapted version of Pierson 1996: 149.preferences …” „… respectiveopt-out. On the other hand, there is a possibility of differentiated integration (struc-tures) outliving …” „… integration structures are positive, neutral or negative. Differentiated in-tegration – albeit a second-best …”

The Institutional Design: Determination of the Relevance of Access Points for the ‘Outs’ in Differentiated Decision-Making S. 126-131

„… sub-chapter.Externalities: The Pressure for Circumvention of Differentiated IntegrationThe Intervening Variable II is …” „… differentiated integration in the AFSJ.This research assignment is further operationalised in the following …” „… chapter.Driving Forces of the Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work in the Areaof Freedom, Security and …”

The Schengen Agreement as Backbone of Differentiation: Helpful Laboratory or Trauma? S. 151-166

„… flexible and differentiated integration.Given the research focus of this study, forms of differentiation …” „… paythe price of acknowledging forms of differentiated integration.The incorporation of the Schengen …” „… The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work in theArea of Freedom, Security and …”

Le Fil Rouge: Structure and Outline of the Study S. 36-37

„… of the patterns that are generated by the dif-ferentiated integration at work, the empirical analysis …” „… differentiated integration, asdefined above, this study begins with an assessment of the conceptualisation …” „… (chapter 2.1.1). Before differentiated integration at workis theorised a brief evaluation of …”

A Conclusive Assessment of the Institutionalisation of Opt-Outs in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as Independent Variable S. 125-126

„… theplethora of flexible and differentiated integration in the EU treaties based on atypology that is developed …” „… differentia-tion” (Kölliker 2010: 41), differentiated integration at primary law level, by creat-ing sub-systems in …” „… relevantto the analysis of differentiated integration at work. They comply with the criteriaof having a …”

Effects of Structural Differentiation: A History of Abuses, Kick-Outs, and Spill-Overs S. 256-273

„… Implementation of Differentiated Integration: Title IV TEC / TitleV TFEUThe opt-out/opt-in regimes that relate to …” „… patterns of differentiated integration at work that are generated by theinterplay of the institutionalised …” „… current chapter highlights the patterns of im-plementation of differentiated integration at work that …”

Effects of Structural Differentiation in Schengen: Either in or Out? S. 246-252

„… Patterns of Implementation of Differentiated IntegrationThe institutionalisation of differentiated …” „… decision-making and its implementation is set out to endorse thestickiness of differentiated integration (see WT 2 …” „… ).However, in order to conclusively analyse the outcomes of differentiated inte-gration at work, the present …”

Catching a Structuring Glimpse on the Policies of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice S. 141-145

„… on differentiated integra-tion at work.Configuration of the Patterns of Differentiated Integration at …” „… paths of differentiated in-tegration at work in the AFSJ.Catching a Structuring Glimpse on the Policies …” „… communitarisation of the policy-/3.33.3.13.3 Configuration of the Patterns of Differentiated Integration at Work141 …”

Intergovernmental and Supranational Policy-/Decision-Making and the Question of Access S. 166-175

„… decision-making in the light of flexible as well as differentiated integration.National preferences are preserved …” „… structural dimension ofthe institutionalisation of AFSJ differentiated integration and its …” „… 1995.4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work166and the scope of the broker function to …”

Domestic Conditions: Referendum as Key to Joining the European Fold? S. 138-141

„… substantial pressure to circumvent or abolish differentiated integration. This‘insurance for eventual common …” „… , this study acknow-ledges the limits of differentiated integration theory in that actual integration …” „… results can be found in theimplementation of differentiated integration. Having said this, as extensively …”

The United Kingdom and Ireland: Legal Rights to Participate in the Schengen Acquis in Spite of the Maintenance of Borders S. 208-217

„… Institutionalisation of Differentiated Integration in the Area ofFreedom, Security and Justice: a …” „… institutionalisation of differentiated integration in the AFSJ:(1) The opt-outs of Denmark, Ireland and the UK form …” „… part of a broader set ofvariable geometries. Furthermore, differentiated integration in the AFSJ …”

Policy Participation in Schengen Matters: Clear Patterns and No Surprises S. 252-254

„… analysis of the outcomes of the differentiated integration in termsof the Schengen area it shall suffice to …” „… 2011).In a nutshell, the implementation of the institutionalised differentiated integra-tion structures …” „… of differentiated integration at work. The legal pro-visions tie the UK and Ireland into a tight …”

The United Kingdom: A Stranger in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice? S. 185-195

„… theoretical frame of the paths of differentiated integration at work considerspreferences of Member States to …” „… form a crucial factor as regards both the initialinstitution of differentiated integration as the …” „… well asthe further development of the institutionalised structures of differentiated inte-gration and …”

List of Graphs, Tables and Charts S. 15-16

„… Research on Differentiated Integration 23Graph 3 Research Design 31Graph 4 Three Scenarios of Evolution of …” „… European Integration 34Graph 5 Differentiated Integration 45Graph 6 European Integration Options in a Given …” „… Policy 53Graph 7 Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work 66Graph 8 Logic of Cooperative Turnaround 76 …”

Outlook and Future Research Agendas S. 299-300

„… differentiated in-tegration to form an integral part of European integration and that has set out toanalyse the …” „… tocomprehensively assess the benefits of the analytical approach of the paths of dif-ferentiated integration at work …” „… paths of differentiated integration at work may also provide valuable insightsinto the analysis of …”

Literature S. 310-329

„… , University of Copenhagen.Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (2009b): Behind the scenes of differentiated integration …” „… From the Differentiated Integration Mechanisms in anEnlarged Europe?, in: European Law Journal, Vol. 11 …” „… . 4, September 2006, pp.313-330.Andersen, Sven/Sitter, Nick (2006b): Differentiated integration, arena …”

The Council Working Structures: Everyone on Board S. 234-238

„… differentiatedsolution (Interview L).6. The 'Living Procedures' of Differentiated Integration234‘Outs’ are provided with …” „… Security (COSI)Working Groupsawareness of differentiated integration in the debatesWorking Parties However …” „… deliberation and the vote, down to the preparatory andworking levels, where differentiated integration does not …”

Policy Participation: Cherry Picking but Still Coherent Participation S. 275-280

„… theimplementation of differentiated integration.Chart 3: Percentage of British and Irish Opt-Ins to AFSJ 1st …” „… Differentiated Integration: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU275tures of differentiated decision-making lack the …” „… Differentiated Integration276both the UK and Ireland seek the opportunity to benefit from the application …”

The Inter-linkage of Individual Policies and Policy Measures S. 178-185

„… For the definition of this term see footnote 138.4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at …” „… /140/25619/).4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work180clusion, not least because Denmark’s …” „… http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/l33183_en.htm.4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work182area (see Anderson/Den …”

Ireland and the United Kingdom: Time Pressure and Parliamentary Scrutiny S. 238-243

„… differentiated integration in theAFSJ, the parliamentary scrutiny’s efficiency is only assessed in light of its …” „… ). Theefficiency in terms of the implementation of differentiated integration is stronglydetermined by the scope …” „… mandate the government.6. The 'Living Procedures' of Differentiated Integration240Union.243 In this …”

The Full Circle of ‘Freedom’, ‘Security’ and ‘Justice’ S. 175-178

„… flexibility tools and differentiated integration thatlimits the participation rights of the UK, Ireland and …” „… that the same applies to differentiated integration. Therefore, this chap-ter’s aim is to establish …” „… Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work176established as follows (see also Commission 1998, 2009a …”

Finding a Compromise within a Tailor-Made Opt-In S. 273-275

„… Finding a Compromise within a Tailor-Made Opt-InOperability of differentiated integration in the …” „… the right to7.2.27.2 Patterns of Implementation of Differentiated Integration: Title IV TEC / Title V …” „… terms of avoiding differentiated integra-tion it does not comply with the first choice solution.(3 …”

Interviews S. 309-310

„… , University of Copenhagen.Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (2009b): Behind the scenes of differentiated integration …” „… From the Differentiated Integration Mechanisms in anEnlarged Europe?, in: European Law Journal, Vol. 11 …” „… . 4, September 2006, pp.313-330.Andersen, Sven/Sitter, Nick (2006b): Differentiated integration, arena …”

Ireland: The Pragmatist S. 195-201

„… centripetal effects of theAFSJ policies to take effect in spite of the general differentiated integration in …” „… any form of differentiated integration, but moreover Irelanditself is not interested in being left …” „… the Irish Free State in 1922 (see Cullen1995: 84).4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at …”

Denmark: Preservation of the Intergovernmental Character of the Schengen Cooperation S. 217-220

„… participation.Given that in the treaties prior to Lisbon differentiated integration was not re-quired in terms of the …” „… Differentiated Integration220 …” „… differentiated policy-/decision-making structuresis increased by the Annex to the Protocol No. 22, TEU/TFEU that …”

The United Kingdom and Ireland: Knocking on Open Doors? S. 220-226

„… Differentiated Integration220The United Kingdom and Ireland: Knocking on Open Doors?The protocol on the position …” „… ofwish to partake 5. Institutionalisation of Differentiated Integration222This ex post opt-in procedure …” „… integration in the Area of Free-dom, Security and Justice, the opt-out/opt-in regimes of the UK, Ireland and …”

The Abolition of the Opt-Outs: Rather Low Chances to Terminate Differentiation? S. 227-229

„… 2002: 733-734).5. Institutionalisation of Differentiated Integration228Given that Denmark’s political …” „… AFSJ.Thus, although, the process of institutionalisation of differentiated integration ex-poses Denmark’s …” „… . Thus,Denmark, for example, was free to terminate the era of differentiated integrationon its behalf.5.35.3 The …”

Denmark: In Defence of Intergovernmental Cooperation S. 201-207

„… : 49.30%.4. The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work202and 12 December 1992.207 Denmark was …” „… . The Cornerstones of Differentiated Integration at Work204and Ireland, the Nordic Passport Union does …” „… Differentiated Integration at Work206Agencies and Systems for Information Exchange net-internal effects• support …”

Denmark: Veto Points Determined by the Question of Sovereignty Transfer S. 243-245

„… policy-making. As regards the imple-mentation of differentiated integration in the Area of Freedom, Security and …” „… ) No.343/2003 – Dublin II Regulation).6. The 'Living Procedures' of Differentiated Integration244 …” „… entiated integration structures. However, the amendment of the opt-out regime intothe opt-in regime is …”

Denmark: Knocking on Closed Doors? S. 226-227

„… since the Amsterdam Treaty.5. Institutionalisation of Differentiated Integration226mark also a …” „… . Thus,Denmark, for example, was free to terminate the era of differentiated integrationon its behalf.5.35.3 The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235394

Christoph M. Sielmann - Governing Difference: Internal and External Differentiation in European Union Law

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Christoph M. Sielmann

Governing Difference: Internal and External Differentiation in European Union Law

Series: Schriftenreihe des EUROPA-KOLLEGS HAMBURG zur Integrationsforschung

Volume 78 2020

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Part One: The Basics of Differentiated Integration S. 21-83

„… europäischen Integrationsgemeinschaft“. Part One: The Basics of Differentiated Integration 28 or an …” „… Integrationsprozess (2011), 233. A. Theoretical Foundations 39 to identify and measure differentiated integration. For …” „… The Basics of Differentiated Integration The first part of this study shall introduce the basics of …”

Part Two: Incidents of Internal Differentiated Integration S. 84-236

„… Incidents of Internal Differentiated Integration The first part of this study has given an overview …” „… of differentiated integration. After this glance at the big picture, it is now time to delve into the …” „… differentiated integration. Finally, in the third chapter, the study shall turn to differentiation in the field …”

Part Three: The Legal Foundations of Differentiated Integration S. 237-374

„… The Legal Foundations of Differentiated Integration After the previous part has analyzed concrete …” „… incidents of internal differentiated integration in order to allow a grasp of how differentiation can be …” „… the legal foundations of differentiated integration. This third part shall, in its first chapter …”

Part Four: Incidents of External Differentiated Integration: Norway and Switzerland S. 375-453

„… Incidents of External Differentiated Integration: Norway and Switzerland The previous parts of this …” „… differentiated integration, this fourth part shall cross the Union’s borders and turn to different levels of …” „… 's Differentiated European Integration: The Last Gallic Village? (2016), 44-55; C. Schnellbach, Differentiation and …”

Part Five: Governing Difference, or the Present and Future of Differentiated Integration S. 454-482

„… Governing Difference, or the Present and Future of Differentiated Integration The previous four …” „… beginning and played an ever-increasing role. Today, differentiated integration has become an integral part …” „… differentiated integration in today’s Union law and its future prospects. It shall begin with a brief summary of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… 5 Table of Contents Abbreviations 13 Introduction 19 The Basics of Differentiated IntegrationPart …” „… Implementation 3. 34 The Term Differentiated IntegrationII. 38 The Normative Concepts Behind Differentiated …” „… , or the Past and Present of Differentiated Integration B. 50 The Origins of European IntegrationI. 52 …”

Bibliography S. 483-512

„… Bibliography Adler-Nissen, Rebecca, Behind the Scenes of Differentiated Integration: Circumventing …” „… International Affairs, Differentiated Integration, 98 AIV Adv Rep (2015). Alexy, Robert, A Theory of …” „… Differentiated Integration in Europe, in Steven Blockmans ed.: Differentiated Integration in the EU, Brussels …”

Introduction S. 19-20

„… parallel existence of different levels of (European) integration, in other words from differentiated …” „… ) integration”, secondly, how differentiated is the Union, and thirdly, “how can you govern” a differentiated …” „… first part shall introduce the “basics” of differentiated integration by defining the terms “integration …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748909545

Thomas Giegerich, Desirée C. Schmitt, Sebastian Zeitzmann - Flexibility in the EU and Beyond

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Thomas Giegerich (ed.), Desirée C. Schmitt (ed.), Sebastian Zeitzmann (ed.)

Flexibility in the EU and Beyond

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 104 2017

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Maya Sion-Tzidkiyahu Comparing Opt-Outs: How Different is Differentiated Integration S. 107-122

„… Opt-Outs: How Different is Differentiated Integration? Maya Sion-Tzidkiyahu1 A. Opt-Outs Change the …” „… differentiated integration into three main categories: multi-speed, avant-garde and Europe à la carte.3 The …” „… incorporated into the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997. This is a form of differentiated integration that advances …”

Jo Leinen / Fabian The Limits of Differentiated Integration in the EU and the Way Forward S. 461-478

„… 461 The Limits of Differentiated Integration in the EU and the Way Forward Jo Leinen1/ Fabian …” „… . In this contribution, we discuss the reasons behind differentiated integration in the European Union …” „… . Secondly, some forms of differentiated integration are less desirable than others. And thirdly …”

William T. Daniel An American Perspective on EU Flexibility and Differentiation S. 337-348

„… complex system. B. Cutting Through the Jargon of EU Differentiated Integration Even as early as 1996 …” „… , former Finnish Prime Minister Alexander Stubb began a discussion of differentiated integration in the EU …” „… , Differentiated Integration: Explaining Variation in the European Union, 2012. An American Perspective on EU …”

Christoph Schnellbach Differentiation and EU Neighbourhood Policy: A Need for Change? S. 315-336

„… dimension of differentiated integration using the example of the ENP and the Eastern Partnership: can …” „… differentiated integration, such as Europe à la carte and variable geometry, multi-speed Europe arguably aims to …” „… . Drawing from the theoretical model of differentiated integration, the article identifies the predominant …”

Pascale Joannin Elements of Differentiation Within the Schengen Acquis and the Prüm Convention S. 123-138

„… Joannin1 A. Differentiated Integration – Introduction When speaking about European integration, it is …” „… differentiated integration is that those States, which want to move forward must be able to do so without the …” „… of differentiated integration on the level of secondary legislation. However, conditions were …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… European States need to join forces – today more than ever. Does the concept of differentiated integration …” „… Monetary Union, Enhanced Cooperation Comparing Opt-Outs: How Different is Differentiated Integration 109 …” „… Much Differentiation Can European Integration Bear? Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des …”

Clelia Lacchi How Much Flexibility Can European Integration Bear in Order to Face the Eurozone Crisis? Reflections on the EMU inter se International Agreements Between EU Member States S. 225-250

„… a tool of flexibility and differentiated integration and the extent to which they may affect the EU …” „… and differentiated integration, both within and outside the EU ____________________ 1 LL.M., Ph.D …” „… further differentiated integration between Member States within the EMU. Indeed, they are …”

Thomas Giegerich How to Reconcile the Forces of Enlargement and Consolidation in “an Ever Closer Union” S. 15-58

„… possible way. This is a call for differentiated or flexible integration.93 To accommodate the increasing …” „… Security and Defence Policy.98 These instances of differentiated or flexible integration are usually …” „… should not underestimate the risks involved in differentiated and flexible integration for the European …”

Robert Böttner The Development of Flexible Integration in EC/EU Practice S. 59-86

„… differentiated Integration, 2010, p. 279-292; Tekin, Opt-Outs, Opt-Ins, Opt- Arounds? Eine Analyse der …” „… . Differentiated integration in social policy was a legal “intermezzo” without substantial and institutional …” „… European Central Bank and Differentiated Integration). The Development of Flexible Integration in EC/EU …”

Christian Deubner Deepened Integration in the Eurozone? S. 183-194

„… creation in 1999, modes of differentiated integration are addressed preferably by reference to the …” „… differentiated EU integration. My contribution is to examine the plausibility of such reasoning through the …” „… 183 Deepened Integration in the Eurozone? Christian Deubner1 A. Introduction Since the euro’s …”

Clara PORTELA The Perception of Flexible Integration in Southeast Asia S. 349-360

„… , Differentiated integration in the European Union: towards a comparative regionalism perspective, Journal of …” „… 349 The Perception of Flexible Integration in Southeast Asia Clara Portela1 A. Introduction …” „… Nations (ASEAN) view the notion of flexible integration and how such views are reflected in its own …”

List of Abbreviations S. 11-14

„… Differentiated Integration EaP Eastern Partnership Initiative EC European Community ECB European Central Bank …” „… Integrationsverantwortungsgesetz (Responsibility for Integration Act) IP Intellectual Property JHA Justice and Home Affairs …”

Sebastian Zeitzmann A Rather Strange Animal, this “Enhanced Cooperation” – May it Serve as King of the European Zoonion? or: Is Enhanced Cooperation Anywhere Near a Constitutional Principle? S. 87-106

„… institutionalisation of differentiated integration on the level of secondary legislation has been established. It …” „… Gemeinschaft, in: Arbeitskreis Europäische Integration (ed.), Integrationskonzepte auf dem Prüfstand, 1983, p …” „… Integration at Saarland University. 2 Corner, The European Union: An Introduction, 2014. 3 Common Foreign …”

Sebastian Graf von Kielmansegg The Common Foreign and Security Policy – A Pool of Flexibility Models S. 139-160

„… differentiated integration usually refers to the internal dimension of the EU, i.e. to the participation or …” „… Kielmansegg1 The Common Foreign and Security Policy has always been a special case for differentiated …” „… integration. The concept of allowing for more advanced integration by interested Member States without the …”

Manuela Scheuermann How Flexible Is the World Order? What We Can Learn from the United Nations S. 407-430

„… where “flexibility” is in most cases used with respect to Member States’ integration and where the term …” „… multi-speed Europe, the term in the UN sense is not used to identify Member States’ integration. My …” „… proves that the whole system is flexible, dynamic and also very differentiated. The UN is primarily …”

Bérénice Lemoine Rome III Regulation: Getting Divorced in Europe S. 251-268

„… Home Affairs since the Treaty of Maastricht.2 It was developed as a general instrument of integration …” „… institutional system to pursue further integration amongst themselves when unitary integration is not possible …” „… .7 The underlying idea of enhanced cooperation is that the pace of European integration shall be …”

Hermann-Josef Blanke What Does the German Basic Law Say on Flexible Integration? S. 361-380

„… Union (Responsibility for Integration Act of 22 September 2009 – Integrationsverantwortungsgesetz …” „… 361 What Does the German Basic Law Say on Flexible Integration? Hermann-Josef Blanke1 A …” „… responsibility for European integration (hereafter: responsibility for integration), in particular by monitoring …”

Gianni Lo Schiavo The Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance and the ESM Treaty: Intergovernmental Arrangements Outside EU Law, but for the Benefit of the EMU? S. 195-224

„… . Chapter D argues that the level of differentiated integration should decrease. In particular, this chapter …” „… economic integration. Rather, the economic framework was based on the assumption that Member States would …” „… are welcome instruments to strengthen integration in the EMU, while remaining provisional solutions …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845277714

Thomas Duttle - Differentiated Integration at the EU Member State Level

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Thomas Duttle

Differentiated Integration at the EU Member State Level

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 11 2016

Results in this title

9. Bibliography S. 219-238

„… Bibliography Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (2009). Behind the scenes of differentiated integration …” „… (Methodological), 32 (2): 283-301. Andersen, Svein and Sitter, Nick (2006). Differentiated Integration: What is it …” „… Onion? How Differentiated Integration is Reshaping the EU. Journal of European Integration, 29 (4 …”

5. Level 2: Specific hypotheses on DI S. 117-128

„… overarching “Differentiated Integration in Europe” project by the dimensions (1) “source” (primary law vs …” „… three European integration theories at the level of specific causal models (or hypotheses) for the …” „… provided so as to ensure that the three European integration theories make reference to DI as a common …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… Nomos Studies on the European Union | 11 Differentiated Integration at the EU Member State Level …” „… 01.08.16 10:33 An Empirical Comparison of European Integration Theories Differentiated Integration at …” „… (ePDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duttle, Thomas Differentiated Integration at …”

1. Introduction S. 23-30

„… Introduction “Differentiated integration” (DI) or “flexible integration” in the European Union (EU …” „… synonyms and denote a single instance of “differentiated integration”. 6 The two regulations are called …” „… ” (empirischer 7 The present analysis is part of a research project on “Differentiated Integration in Europe …”

2. State of research on DI S. 31-42

„… ), a “multi-dimensional Europe of differentiated integration” (Walker 1998: 356), a “neo-medieval …” „… differentiated integration” (Leuffen et al. 2013: 1). The second group consists of studies that provide …” „… categorizations of the “modes of differentiated integration” (De Andrade and Nuno 2005: 204). For example, Per T …”

6. Level 3: Operationalization, measurement, and data gathering S. 129-154

„… Central Bank (ECB) that consists of 53 articles.40 The “Differentiated Integration in Europe” project in …” „… project on “Differentiated Integration in Europe” at the ETH Zurich (Prof. Dr. Frank Schimmelfennig) and …” „… reconstruction of the three European integration theories at the level of empirical indicators (Lindenberg and …”

4. Level 1: General assumptions of the three European integration theories S. 89-116

„… Level 1: General assumptions of the three European integration theories This section provides a …” „… reconstruction of the three European integration theories at the level of general assumptions (i.e., “core …” „… European Integration studies, thus shedding light on the selfconception of this area (see sub-section 4.1 …”

7. Level 4: Empirical examination S. 155-212

„… integration theories at the level of the empirical examination (Lindenberg and Wippler 1978: 219ff.; Nauck …” „… sub-section 7.4.4) and, in a third step, a horizontal integration of the European integration theories and …” „… that year. The Schengen acquis has been entirely differentiated since its incorporation due to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275253

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