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Francis J. Gavin - Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy

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Francis J. Gavin

Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy

2020

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Beyond Deterrence S. 127-146

„… 127[SECTIONBREAK]SIXBeyond DeterrenceNuclear deterrence theory is widely viewed as a powerful …” „… world?The primary concept underlying nuclear deterrence theory is simple but powerful: states that possess …” „… period of intense Soviet- U.S. rivalry, some questioned whether the benefits of nuclear deterrence were …”

Index S. 291-0

„… . deterrenceCohn, Carol, 213Cold War: arms control during, 78–81, 178–79; arms race during, 135–36, 179–80; end of …” „… deterrence; Nuclear deterrenceDetonator consequences of proliferation, 40, 46, 85, 219Disarmament, 169–89 …” „… Berlin crisis (1958–1961): beginning of, 55, 124; compellence and deterrence in, 164; declassified …”

Deterring while Disarming S. 169-189

„… nuclear use while retaining the benefits of deterrence?Another possibility lies in what has been called a …” „… . interests and world peace that many believe nuclear deterrence conveys? The answer to these concerns centers …” „… de-terrence and disarmament can be seen at work on the global stage. Dozens of states around the world have …”

History and the Unanswered Questions of the Nuclear Age S. 1-22

„… crossroads, pulled in two mutually exclusive direc-tions, between disarmament and deterrence. Nuclear studies …” „… what has come to be called “nuclear deterrence,” and much of current thinking about nuclear weapons is …” „… on the idea that deterrence— the promise of awful retribution if attacked— kept the United States …”

Fixing the Franchise: The Ivory Tower-Policy Gap S. 23-48

„… inevitable and not to be feared. Why? The overwhelming power of nuclear deterrence— the ability of a state …” „… and enhances deterrence. And even if a nuclear weapon or two were used in a conflict, the horrifying …” „… Tower–Policy Gap 25and geopolitical competitions, deterrence has prevented great- power war since 1945. He sees …”

Rethinking Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy S. 190-232

„… sovereignty and independence not via direct defense but rather through deterrence.” Walt continues that …” „… much else besides deterrence. As Todd Sechser and Matthew Fuhrmann argue in a recent study, “For all …” „… weapons were great for deterrence but lousy for * While there are a range of perspectives within the …”

The History of What Did Not Happen S. 147-168

„… build the bomb, how they behave when they get it, or how and when deterrence works, the primary question …” „… deterrence works and, by extension, why we have never had a thermonuclear war. The power and certainty of …” „… deterrence demanded more conven-tional forces in Europe, not fewer. The oft- repeated story was always the …”

What We Talk about When We Talk about Nuclear Weapons S. 49-74

„… weapons might go off (purposively or inadver-tently), in which wide space between deterrence and actual …” „… nuclear weapons, while good for deter-rence, are not useful to compel. Kroenig claims nuclear superiority …” „… any conventional mobilization would undermine the “shield of nuclear deterrence.”26 In other words …”

Notes S. 233-290

„… Reversal Revisited,” International Security 27, no. 3 (2002), 59–88; for recessed deterrence, see Ashley …” „… that there has not been much new to say about the subject; “the essential features of deterrence theory …” „… De-terrence in Europe and East Asia during the Cold War: A Reappraisal,” edited by Leopoldo Nuti and Christian …”

Preface

„… incomplete at best and wrong at worst. Among these important but misunderstood issues: how nuclear deterrence …” „… and still don’t know about nuclear deterrence. Drawing on masterly archival work, Gavin illumi-nates …” „… _1-300_4p.indd 5 12/2/19 2:44 PMContentsviSIX Beyond Deterrence 127SEVEN The History of What Did Not …”

NATO's Radical Response to the Nuclear Revolution S. 109-126

„… Russian attack while Western Europe recovered. Should deterrence fail and war ensue, the United States …” „… deterrence. West Germany, first and foremost, but others inside and outside the NATO alliance, might make the …” „… ex-tended deterrence was guaranteed to generate continual crisis, both within the alliance and with the …”

Strategies of Inhibition S. 75-108

„… politics.31 Nuclear weapons, they contend, have little effectiveness for anything but deterrence.32 These …” „… wonder if policymakers actually understand how nuclear deterrence works. Even those analysts who do not …” „… appreciated the power of nuclear deterrence but worried that these weapons would be used to deter the United …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815737926

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Christopher Hodges

Law and Corporate Behaviour

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Deterrence Theory S. 45-66

„… Part B Deterrence 2 Deterrence Theory I. Deterrence in Criminal Enforcement Theory The …” „… public censure to a criminal); Brooks (n 1). 48 Deterrence Theory punishment should be ‘ justly …” „… ); special deterrence aimed at reducing the risk that the particular offender will re-offend in the future …”

Criticisms of Deterrence S. 107-138

„… 5 Criticisms of Deterrence I. Criticisms of Economic Analysis of Liability Law The idea of …” „… Law ( Oxford , Hart Publishing , 2012 ) 378 . 6 Cane (n 4) 454. 108 Criticisms of Deterrence …” „… ‘ deterrence ’ is likely to be unreliable. 8 Fifth, Cane points out that the party to whom accident costs are …”

Public Regulation S. 159-172

„… Markell , ‘ The Role of Deterrence-based Enforcement in a “ Reinvented ” State/Federal Relationship …” „… criticised as being lenient and lacking deterrence. Monetary penalties have been described as ‘ derisory …” „… on the theoretical foundation of deterrence as the effective means of affecting future behaviour …”

Developments in Criminal Enforcement in the United Kingdom S. 213-240

„… deterrence-based approaches. Second, it aims to restore the victim ’ s sense of injury by giving an opportunity to …” „… change away from ‘ command and control ’ , deterrence-based enforcement policy, and the introduction of …” „… sentencing have been reformed from punishment and deterrence to encompass a wide range of purposes …”

Empirical Evidence S. 139-152

„… 6 Empirical Evidence I. Empirical Evidence on Individual Deterrence A recent summary of the …” „… evidence on deterrence in relation to criminal activity concluded that the results of the general body of …” „… severity or certainty of punishment alone result in only modest, if any, increases in deterrence. 3 (c …”

Conclusions S. 153-158

„… 7 Conclusions Deterrence is a simple idea, that casts a massive shadow across legal theory and …” „… contrast, despite repeated references in scholarly literature, deterrence has a much lower profi le in …” „… . We will see in chapters 8 to 20 that deterrence plays little role in the enforcement of regulatory …”

Index S. 745-802

„… collection 608 design of systems 581, 587, 591 deterrence 591 enhancement of performance 588 …” „… consumer protection 388, 390 – 1, 414, 416 cooperation 451 deterrence 56, 155, 451 hard and soft …” „… protection 8 culture and value 7 decision-making 56, 695 – 7 deterrence 56, 108 – 9, 145 – 6, 157 …”

Enforcement of Competition Law S. 87-106

„… 4 Enforcement of Competition Law 1 The focus of this chapter is deterrence and rational actor …” „… offi cials, economists and lawyers — who adhere to the same orthodoxy of deterrence and (modifi ed …” „… primacy of enforcement by public bodies. I. Public Enforcement: Deterrence and Fines Maintaining …”

Competition S. 419-446

„… deterrence and economics. In these respects, comparisons with the enforcement policies of virtually every …” „… dominant policy in enforcement of competition law is driven by the US-inspired theory of deterrence …” „… the Macrory Review or its conclusions, but repeated the importance of deterrence and removal of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… corporate behaviour through legal techniques. The principal theories examined are deterrence, economic …” „… ................................................................................ 15 Part B: Deterrence 2. Deterrence Theory …” „… ................................................................................. 87 5. Criticisms of Deterrence …”

Conclusions on Current Enforcement Policy S. 447-460

„… deterrent sanctions. The area in which deterrence alone is used is competition law, but that approach is …” „… . Instead of general policy statements that offenders should be treated severely, and that deterrence is …” „… offenders, the reduction of crime (including its reduction by deterrence), and the protection of the public …”

Conclusions: Ethical Regulation S. 695-706

„… are entrenched in law and economics and deserve to be upended from legal thinking. Deterrence and …” „… be largely false. An approach based on instilling fear through deterrence turns out to have limited …” „… been imposed several times. Overall, however, deterrence has a very limited place in affecting …”

Private Enforcement in USA S. 67-86

„… matter of controlling individual and corporate behaviour, expressly based on the theory of deterrence. 3 …” „… (tort compensation also serves a deterrence role). 2 See S Farhang , The Litigation State: Public …” „… , Jr, ‘ Reforming the Securities Class Action: An Essay on Deterrence and its Implementation ’ ( 2006 …”

OECD Policy on Regulation and Enforcement S. 257-268

„… , which adopted a theoretical framework of deterrence, compared leading examples of four approaches from …” „… , reported enforcement procedures in general to be effective, but to provide inadequate deterrence for …” „… regimes. Nevertheless, there was perceived to be inadequate deterrence for ‘ mala fi de ’ traders. It …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… the spur for this book. If theories of deterrence and economic rational acting are not well founded …” „… deterrence and economic rational actors that have dominated tort law, criminal law, regulatory systems and …” „… assumptions on the relevance of policies such as deterrence and criminal sanctions, but have evolved over …”

The Enforcement Policies of Individual Agencies S. 269-350

„… contribute to a greater level of overall deterrence. Where the use of a sanction is likely to reduce future …” „… introduced a ‘ credible deterrence ’ policy in 2005 and started to bring criminal cases for insider dealing …” „… deterrence, the FSA considered that complaint data was able to provide a highly valuable overview of fi rms …”

Responsive, Meta and Compliance Theories S. 241-256

„… deterrence theory lies in history and legal philosophy, and that of rational choice theory lies in economic …” „… ’ . This produced the revolutionary observation that deterrence might play a part in how they operate, but …” „… . ‘ Deterrence resides in the threats which precede use of the formal law, or in the informal sanctions which …”

Consumer Trading and Protection S. 351-418

„… approach to enforcement of competition law, which was based fi rmly on economic deterrence theory. An …” „… MB Designs and Ryanair cases. The Dabs and BCA cases had ‘ minimal impact ’ on deterrence, since the …” „… suggested that deterrence ‘ is generally associated with interventions that are highly publicised and …”

The Findings of Social Psychology S. 13-44

„… of deterrence theory (also discussed in chapter two). IV. Conditions for Maximising Compliance …” „… Punish? Deterrence and Just Deserts as Motives for Punishment ’ ( 2002 ) 83 ( 2 ) Journal of …” „… ) 43 Academy of Management Journal 698 – 716 ; C Rechtschaffen , ‘ Deterrence vs Cooperation and …”

The Structure of Regulation and Self-Regulation in the UK S. 173-212

„… deterrence or punishment have almost disappeared in the policy documents in which the new approach has been …” „… exibility would be introduced so as to provide regulators with better deterrence options and therefore …” „… behaviour is not expressed solely — or principally — in terms of ‘ deterrence ’ , although deterrence is …”

Regulating Safety S. 529-610

Compliance within Business Organisations S. 503-528

„… world, are fundamental to theories of deterrence and rational economic action. If the goal is to …” „… , theories that behaviour is controlled through deterrence or rational action appear to be questionable, and …”

Business Values: Culture, Commitment, Trust and Ethics S. 667-694

„… incapable of addressing this problem. Deterrence was defective and ineffective. 14 Self-reporting, even …” „… Intensive Supervision and Credible Deterrence ’ , speech delivered at the Reuters Newsmaker Event, London …”

Financial Services S. 611-666

„… abuse offences, which often result in widespread media coverage, help to improve deterrence as they …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845274225

Anouk Madörin - Postcolonial Surveillance

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Anouk Madörin

Postcolonial Surveillance

2022

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Chapter 5 Viral Deterrence S. 87-118

„… 87Chapter 5Viral DeterrenceSex, Risk, and Contagion ca. 1920 and 2015In 2015, Germany’s Federal …” „… and policy makers alike.16 This is emphasized by the fact that since June 2019, the deterrence-based …” „… deterrence in the form of infor-mation campaigns since the early 1990s.4 These campaigns, usually initiated …”

Preface

„… of Data: (Early) Biometrics from the Colony to the Border 55Chapter 5: Viral Deterrence: Sex, Risk …” „… arriving at their territory and accessing their asylum system. Deterrence has not only accelerated …” „… understood as a policy designed to discourage future actions, deterrence also works beyond operational …”

Index S. 163-166

„… , 50n37Trump, Donald, 73, 80n42, 130Tunisia, 25, 93, 99viral deterrence, 90–91, 98virality, 97–98, 107 …”

Chapter 6 A Thousand Crises S. 119-136

„… that individual border guards do not intend to combat and kill migrants, the discussion on deterrence …” „… deterrence purposes but uses the dead body as a template to stage its spec-tacle of European values, such as …”

Works Cited S. 137-162

„… Works CitedOxford Languages. “Deterrence.” Accessed July 15, 2021. https: // languages .oup .com /google …” „… Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen. “The End of the Deterrence Paradigm? Future Directions for Global Refugee …”

Chapter 2 The View From Above S. 13-30

„… continues beyond Europe’s outer borders where it fortifies its early warning and deterrence capacities and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538165041

Michael E. O'Hanlon - The Senkaku Paradox

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Michael E. O'Hanlon

The Senkaku Paradox

2019

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Military Elements of Integrated Deterrence S. 77-108

„… 77FOURMilitary Elements of Integrated DeterrenceDIRECT DEFENSE OR PROMPT LIBERATION of any allied …” „… 82 2/7/19 11:41 AM83Military Elements of Integrated DeterrencePersian Gulf region, Northeast Asia …” „… Military Elements of Integrated DeterrenceIt should be supported by international action of some type that …”

Index S. 250-0

„… defense budgets, 106; deterrence value of, 81, 85, 88, 98; future of, 190, 192, 198–99, 203–04 …” „… , 179. See also specific aircraftAircraft carriers: in China scenarios, 45–47; deterrence value of, 97 …” „… , 100; technology changes (2000–20), 168, 172, 175Airfields: in China scenarios, 74; deterrence value of …”

Introduction: Expanding the Competitive Space S. 1-18

„… muddy the deterrence waters somewhat. But even under his pres-idency, U.S. alliance commitments remain …” „… balance, deterrence failure on such a massive scale seems very unlikely. Strong American- led alliances …” „… , conventional and nuclear deterrence, and economic interdependence all militate strongly against any conscious …”

Conclusion and Recommendations S. 147-158

„… attacked by an aggressor. This current policy may have deterrence benefits, as well as reassurance benefits …” „… for allies, so it should not be formally scrapped. But it may well prove inadequate for deterrence. It …” „… may not give U.S. and allied policymakers sufficient options in the event of deterrence failure. And …”

Preface

„… of military and economic asymmetric strategies that could bolster deterrence and put the U.S. in …” „… . | China—Strategic aspects. | Deterrence (Strategy) | Aggression (International law) | War—Economic aspects. | Great …” „… Contents FOUR Military Elements of Integrated Deterrence 77FIV E Integrating Economics into War Plans 109SI …”

Notes S. 209-249

„… 11:41 AM210 Notes to Pages 3–9scenarios, see Martin Zapfe, “Deterrence from the Ground Up: Understanding …” „… the-ater, see Elbridge Colby and Jonathan Solomon, “Facing Russia: Conventional Defence and Deterrence in …” „… Future of Nu-clear Deterrence,” International Security 41, no. 4 (Spring 2017), pp. 9–49; and Hyeong …”

Integrating Economics into War Plans S. 109-146

„… steps— that would reinforce intrawar deter-rence, preventing a further deterioration of the situation …” „… achieve deter-rence, or to help limit war should initial deterrence measures fail, they need not be …” „… strategies in advance, the optimal goal would be deter-rence of any initial attack in the first …”

Plausible Scenarios S. 19-52

„… test of allied will and cohesion; for the sake of the alliance’s future, and to ensure deterrence of …” „… deterrence, would have a meager combat capability against plausible Russian threats.23 Within about a month …” „… least as long. The prospect of such a delayed reaction could weaken deterrence by making a response seem …”

China and Russia Scenarios in 2040 S. 53-76

„… to the Baltic states might have strengthened, reduc-ing the chances of deterrence failure in the …” „… response. Thus the key goal of upholding deterrence might be lost, even if in theory a war could eventually …” „… . Other options, some of them developed and discussed in advance, are necessary if deterrence is to be …”

Appendix 2: Forecasting Change in Military Technology, 2020-40 S. 183-208

„… , 2020–40tential enemies. The fact that everyone is vulnerable is no guarantee of protection. Deterrence of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815736905

Sebastian Bruns, Sarandis Papadopoulos - Conceptualizing Maritime & Naval Strategy

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Sebastian Bruns (ed.), Sarandis Papadopoulos (ed.)

Conceptualizing Maritime & Naval Strategy

Series: ISPK Seapower Series

Volume 3 2020

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James Henry Bergeron Deterrence and Its Maritime Dimension S. 33-50

„… Deterrence and Its Maritime Dimension James Henry Bergeron1 Introduction Peter Swartz has spent a …” „… career thinking about deterrence, although not always in that lexicon. The Lehman Maritime Strategy …” „… winnable (wrongly in some cases), not deterring wars that were unwinnable. Deterrence seemed out of place …”

Narushige Michishita The U.S. Maritime Strategy in the Pacific during the Cold War S. 223-240

„… with the Japanese contribution, enhanced deterrence and served Western interests in the Cold War …” „… . Broader capability beyond Europe and Southwest Asia was expected to strengthen deterrence against the …” „… Soviet Union, and if deterrence failed, to pin down and attrite Soviet forces in the Far East.1 In order …”

Jeremy Stöhs Bastion, Backwater, or Battlefront? Changing Strategic Views Along Europe’s Northern Shores S. 321-344

„… conventional deterrence were quickly criticized for committing to the ‘least-likely war fallacy.’22 …” „… NATO’s weakness when it comes to conventional deterrence. Across the North Atlantic, the Norwegian Sea …” „… , “Reinforcing Deterrence on NATO’s Eastern Flank: Wargaming the Defense of the Baltics” (Santa Monica, CA: Rand …”

Peter D. Haynes Elmo Zumwalt’s Project SIXTY: Driving Institutional Change in an Era of Great Power Competition at Sea S. 91-112

„… opposing SSBNs in home waters. From a nuclear deterrence perspective, the importance of sea control was …” „… 209.13 Apart from nuclear deterrence, Zumwalt also focused on sea control. He sought to close the yawning …” „… 1960s – the SSBN supplanted the carriers in the role of nuclear deterrence and the SSN became (and …”

Eric V. Thompson, Sarah Vogler Regional Conflict, Hydrocarbon Dreams, and Great Power Competition: Considerations for U.S. Naval Strategy in the Eastern Mediterranean S. 295-320

„… decision to establish credible conventional and nuclear deterrence, positively shaping the military balance …” „… form of raiding. As long as conventional and nuclear deterrence holds, it makes various form of …” „… [Syria]… conventional deterrence has come to play an increasingly important role since the development of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Strategy Since 1945 13 Geoffrey Till Deterrence and Its Maritime Dimension 33 James Henry Bergeron OPNAV …”

Larissa Forster The Theoretical Soft Power Currencies of U.S. Navy Hospital Ship Missions S. 281-294

„… equally as important as the four traditional naval missions of sea control, presence, deterrence, and …”

Andrzej Makowski How Poland’s Strategic Concept for Maritime Security was Developed S. 113-128

„… challenges of the maritime strategy with regard to: • Deterrence and maintenance of peace, based on the …”

Amund Lundesgaard The Difficult Art of Achieving Military Change: The U.S. Navy after the Cold War S. 267-280

„… Navy, sea control, power projection, strategic deterrence and naval presence. Stansfield Turner …”

Steve Wills OPNAV Between Strategy, Assessment and Budget, 1982-2016 S. 51-68

„… and Electronic Warfare/Intelligence, Strategic Deterrence, and Strategic Sealift/Protection. The …”

Publicly available output of Peter Swartz S. 357-373

„… Deterrence in a Contested Littoral,” in Military Exercises: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact, ed. by …”

Sarandis Papadopoulos Peter Swartz’s Republic of Letters: Recent Works on the U.S. Navy and Strategy S. 155-178

„… • Strategic deterrence • Control of the seas • Crisis response • Project precise power • Sealift (for …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845299150

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