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Markus Steinbrecher, Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger - Turnout in Germany

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Markus Steinbrecher, Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger

Turnout in Germany

Series: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Volume 1 2007

Results in this title

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Does the Decline Matter? S. 325-336

„… 10. Does the Decline Matter? In the introduction we have asked two questions. The first question of …” „… of this, our concluding chapter: “Does the decline matter?” As we have already mentioned in the …” „… , second, to look for evidence on this basis as to whether or not the decline in turnout matters. We have …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Cross-level Effects on Turnout S. 86-90

„… turnout already was on the decline. Aside from that it is often said that they are more dissatisfied (e.g …” „… Bundestagelections. The decline in turnout cannot be ascribed to the five new Länder alone, because the separate …” „… Cross-level Effects on Turnout The decline of turnout which has been observed since the 1980s in the Federal …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Long-Term Predispositions S. 230-275

„… decline again. Since we only use data from the Bundestag election years, we do not see this effect in the …” „… reported by the statistics offices is much higher. The decline of more than ten percentage points between …” „… declines and vice versa (with the exception of 1987). This opposite development is quite evident for the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Development of Europe-Specific Attitudes 1979-2004 S. 298-301

„… ? 279 European unification has been on the decline during the 1990s, but it recovered during the first …” „… reached anymore, Germans can still be considered supporters of the European project. The strong decline in …” „… turnout does not seem to be accompanied by a similar decline in support for the European project as …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Development of Turnout in European Parliament Elections S. 69-75

„… Figure 1.1 in the introduction shows a decline of turnout in all three types of elections at the national …” „… level of analysis, although this decline is more pronounced in the second-order elections for the …” „… European Parliament and the Landtage than for the Bundestag elections. The very obvious decline since 1990 …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Societal Developments Affecting Turnout S. 223-230

„… observed during the last decades that should influence turnout. One of them is the decline of religious …” „… observation is more general than that described by Inglehart. Several researchers state a decline of …” „… is accompanied by the decline of duty and acceptability values. Both developments together are …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Development of Turnout in Bundestag Elections S. 75-81

„… parallels the development of the whole federal level: it rises in 1994 and 1998, but declines in 2002. East …” „… Germany shows a different development with a decline in 1994, a rise in 1998, and again a decline in 2002 …” „… whole, turnout declines against the general trend in all East German Länder from 1990 to 1994 with the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher European Parliament Elections S. 90-99

„… , representing a strong decline in these Länder.To briefly summarize the results: For West Germany turnout …” „… by simultaneous first order elections or special political circumstances. The strongest decline can …” „… decline of regional differences between these two elections is also indicated by a b-value of only .51 …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher The Impact of Issue and Party Differentials on Turnout S. 282-293

„… declines with rising minimum ideological distances from the parties. The operationalizations of rational …” „… development over time indicates a decline towards the 12th legislative period for all West German Länder …” „… over time seems to be quite strong. A good example is Bavaria where r declines from -.24 in the 12th …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Correlations Between Social Structural Factors and Turnout S. 178-190

„… remarkable that R-square-values decline until 1999 (.11) but rise very strongly in 2004 (.42). Another …” „… well as with regard to the changes from election to election. The decline 65 For the other Länder as …” „… percentage points in 2002. In the East there is a strong decline from 1990 to 1998, but then we can report a …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Important Results and Assumptions of Sociological, Social-Psychological, and Rational Choice Approaches about Turnout S. 213-223

„… out if level-specific explanations are responsible for the strong decline of turnout in European …” „… supposed to exert an influence on individual electoral participation and hence the decline of turnout rates …” „… turnout decline see Caballero (2005: 330). 8. Why Do People Abstain? 195 aspect is that individuals …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Reasons for Non-Voting in European Elections S. 293-298

„… the analysis. Then we will see if the dramatic decline in turnout is accompanied by a decline in …” „… abstainers. Thus, although overall turnout only declined by two percentage points, the reasons for abstention …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Declining Turnout in Germany: The Research Problem S. 21-30

„… a general decline in electoral participation can also be reported for Landtag elections since the …” „… well as Table B1.1 in the appendix). After the relatively strong decline of almost seven percentage …” „… elections at all levels, although a general decline of electoral participation can be detected. While the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher System Orientation and Turnout S. 275-282

„… 1994): The decline of turnout especially affects the dissatisfied. 8. Why Do People Abstain? 257 Due to …” „… characterized by a strong decline, most notably from 1991 to 1992. Since the 1990s, satisfaction with democracy …” „… Germany decline during the same period. Actually, the correlation between both variables is no longer …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Correlations of Europe-Specific Attitudes with Turnout S. 301-304

„… , there is a decline caused by the elimination of two response options. Vs for this item reach only .12 in …” „… 1999 and .05 in 2004. This is the most dramatic decline for any one of the variables used in our …” „… .39. This strongly declines to .23 in 1994, and .17 in 1999. With the dichotomous coding of the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Short Description of Germany’s Social Structure S. 155-157

„… declines strongly, mainly due to German Unification. The share of church members in East Germany in 2000 …” „… , which has declined from 2.51 in 1979 to 2.13 in 2002. The main reason for this development can be found …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher European Parliament Elections S. 198-199

„… importance from election to election, there is a constant decline of the ?s of the last European election …” „… mainly related to the general decline of turnout in European elections that we reported earlier (see …” „… Figure 5.2 in chapter 5. The decline of the importance of turnout in the last European election gives …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Bundestag Elections S. 206-208

„… to speak of a trend of decline of the gender gap. With respect to age effects on turnout we find the …” „… years and declines in the highest age group. Again, a clear age effect can be stated: Leaving out the …” „… to the group of the 60 to 70 year olds and the strong decline in the oldest age group. What is …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Development of Turnout in Landtag Elections S. 81-86

„… general trend of decline can be stated for all West German Länder, beginning with the 11th legislative …” „… decline can be reported for Rhineland-Palatinate, a Land that usually showed very high turnout. From a …” „… rates in the East follows the general trend of decline that can be reported for the West to a lesser …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Vote Intention and Recall in Bundestag Elections S. 138-144

„… decline of almost 15 percentage points up to the first quarter of 2000 which is the low point between the …” „… parts of the country closes only for the Bundestag election in 2002. After that election the decline of …” „… starts to decline until about the middle of the term to a considerably lower level. In the 14th …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Vote Intention and Recall in European Parliament Elections S. 135-138

„… intended turnout rises in the West 15 months before the election and declines with the election coming …” „… . With the exception of the first European election in 1979, that was followed by a decline in recalled …” „… trend of recalled turnout rates. While the decline between 1989 and 1994 only amounts to 3.5 percentage …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Electoral Cycles and Simultaneous Elections S. 121-127

„… first-order election turnout declines until a certain point is reached and the direction of development turns …” „… cycle. It could be possible that turnout declines strongly just after the Bundestag election and then …” „… decline of turnout during the longer part of a legislative period and a sharp rise in the end. We can find …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Landtag Elections S. 208-212

„… to the group of the 60 to 70 year olds and the strong decline in the oldest age group. What is …” „… , it increases to 30.6 percent in 1998 and reaches 37.2 percent in 2003. Hence, the general decline of …” „… . It will be an important task for our analysis of individual level data to find out why this decline …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher European Parliament Elections S. 202-206

„… and its Correlates at All Levels 184declines for all elections72. All in all, a clear age effect has …” „… to speak of a trend of decline of the gender gap. With respect to age effects on turnout we find the …” „… years and declines in the highest age group. Again, a clear age effect can be stated: Leaving out the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Landtag Elections S. 196-198

„… parallel local elections gain in importance from election to election, there is a constant decline of the …” „… election for the level of turnout is mainly related to the general decline of turnout in European elections …” „… turnout rates as is reflected by Figure 5.2 in chapter 5. The decline of the importance of turnout in the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Bivariate Correlations Between Social Structure and Turnout S. 169-178

„… coefficients for the share of foreigners decline over time. The two other variables that help to gauge the …” „… correlation coefficients, either positive or negative, has declined in the recent election(s). Good examples …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Landtag Elections S. 108-118

„… a decline of turnout of more than 10 percentage points in all three Länderinvolved in the analysis …” „… influences gain importance for all three units of our analysis. This is caused by an almost uniform decline …” „… nearly stable in Bremen and Hesse, it declines in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Thuringia. Hence, the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Electoral Participation in Theories of Democracy: Input-oriented vs. Output-oriented Approaches S. 31-35

„… evidence for the decline of support for the state and hence as a symptom of the crisis of the whole …” „… the decline of electoral participation is part of a development that can be observed in all Western …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Bundestag Elections S. 195-196

„… structure was accompanied by a strong decline of the minimum explanation potential of turnout in the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Bundestag Elections S. 199-201

„… Bundestag elections with the exception of 2002. Its effect declines from .96 to .38 and is outmatched (at …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher European Parliament Elections S. 193-195

„… structure was accompanied by a strong decline of the minimum explanation potential of turnout in the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… ..................................................292 10. Does the Decline Matter …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Development of Turnout at the Individual Level S. 144-152

„… recent studies proved a slow decline of that feeling (Rattinger/Huber 2004). On the other hand, the …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher References S. 347-362

„… .: Chatham House Publishers. Dalton, Russell J. (2000): The Decline of Party Identifications. In: Dalton …”

Sandra Huber, Hans Rattinger, Markus Steinbrecher Aggregate Data S. 57-61

„… ; Schoof 1980; Falter/Schumann 1994; Kleinhenz 1995)17, the importance of geography declined vis-à-vis …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201535

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Romain Lachat

A Heterogeneous Electorate

Series: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Volume 7 2007

Results in this title

Partisan decline S. 41-42

„… . Partisan decline In the two previous sections, we focused on the consequences of modernization for citizens …” „… realignment discussed above, we use instead the expression of a “partisan- decline hypothesis.” This …” „… macro or system level, two developments may contribute to a partisan decline. First, in some countries …”

The modernization of electoral campaigns S. 42-44

„… 1996: 15). Finally, at the macro or system level, two developments may contribute to a partisan decline …” „… also found application in some other countries (Dalton et al. 2000). Partisan decline may also be the …” „… parties. This is one element of the partisan-decline hypothesis, the consequences of which were discussed …”

The transformation of the class structure S. 72-76

„… . The decline in the proportion of unskilled workers had been quite regular until 1990. In the more …” „… voters, has also become smaller. But the decline is less pronounced: these voters accounted for 13 …” „… noticed. Our data show that the decline in the number of workers is almost directly compensated for by an …”

The religious cleavage S. 82-86

„… decline in the degree of religiosity of Catholics and Protestants. An indicator often used to show this is …” „… frequent churchgoers and nonpracticing Catholics. Other evidence pointing to a decline of traditional …” „… decline has been compensated for by a rise in the level of support for left-wing and for …”

Germany S. 187-195

„… regression model show that the decline in the goodnessof-fit of the model is not due to one variable or set …” „… stable in 1983 and 1990, and decreases in 1987. In the latter case, 1987, as noticed above, this decline …” „… sympathy for the candidate of the other major party also declines in the two most recent elections, while …”

Conclusion S. 105-106

„… not point to a clear-cut decline in the strength of voters’ predispositions. We have concluded this …” „… religious groups, the proportion of devout Catholics and Protestants has declined. As far as the class …” „… . On the other hand, the intensity of these identifications has regularly declined since 1972. But this …”

The transformation of cleavages in Switzerland S. 94-96

„… The corresponding values of absolute lambda are presented in figure 8. Model 1 shows a slight decline …” „… similarity with the German case, though the decline for Switzerland is somewhat more evident. At the same …” „… a decline of the 34 The estimated coefficients for all models can be found in the online appendix …”

Evolution of cleavage strength in Germany S. 90-94

„… strength of the class cleavage weakened between 1969 and 1990, but the decline is far from being impressive …” „… are thus some signs of a slow decline in the strength of this division. But overall, its degree of …” „… , it weakened in the following decade but has remained relatively stable since 1983. The decline during …”

Party identification S. 96-101

„… indicate two considerations. If the decline is more pronounced when structural changes are ignored, it …” „… decline (or a more pronounced decline) of these cleavages, as the groups that have grown larger are no …” „… trend towards a decline in partisanship throughout the 1970s and 1980s. While both the stability and …”

How strong is electoral dealignment? S. 201-204

„… decline of the impact of cleavages on the vote may be too schematic. A more detailed analysis of the …” „… fewer voters, the overall relevance of this social division should decline. At the same time, the new …” „… , we observe no weakening in the salience of this cleavage. But a decline does become apparent when …”

Cognitive mobilization S. 38-41

„… 1963). Nie et al. observed that important evolutions had occurred, namely: a decline in partisanship …” „… significant decline in various aspects of partisanship. The level of party identification has decreased …” „… , a decline of partisanship or the emergence of new, cross-cutting issues. In as much as the changes …”

The consequences of dealignment S. 44-46

„… evolution can be further distinguished: a decline of party identification, on the one hand, and a weakening …” „… traditional loyalties as a decline in the strength of voters’ predispositions. These developments are …” „… indicates that voters’ party preferences have become more uncertain. Cognitive mobilization and the decline …”

The voting behavior of social classes S. 76-82

„… behavior of social classes in Switzerland. Here, as for Germany, the literature often emphasizes a decline …” „… decline parallels the rise of leftwing parties almost perfectly. As far as the self-employed are concerned …” „… present yet another variation on the same theme: a decline in support for center parties, compensated by …”

Index of predisposition strength S. 101-105

„… voters, it has remained stable. In Switzerland, contrary to Germany, the decline in the number of party …” „… groups. Among religious groups, the proportion of devout Catholics and Protestants has declined. As far …”

The weakening of old cleavages and the rise of new issues S. 32-38

„… important evolutions had occurred, namely: a decline in partisanship and an increase in the salience of …” „… , the two core groups that were opposed along the class cleavage have today declined in significance. As …”

Timing of the voting decision S. 107-110

„… preferences is most often related to a decline of party identification. We have criticized this hypothesis …” „… , the decline in the proportion of precampaign deciders was similar. From 84 percent in 1969, it fell to …”

The evolution of volatility in the German electorate S. 110-116

„… deciders from 1991 to 1995, which was emphasized by Nabholz, reversed in 1999. In Germany, the decline in …” „… generally points to a decline. Changes in party choice between elections have become more frequent 47 …”

Cognitive mobilization and party identification S. 123-124

„… identifiers declines among all voters, it does so more rapidly for the cognitively mobilized. Differences …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… new issues 332.2.2. Cognitive mobilization 382.2.3. Partisan decline 412.2.4. The modernization of …”

Some implications for future research S. 210-212

„… hypothesis of a linear decline in party identification and in the strength of social cleavages was too …”

References S. 223-234

„… , 52–76. London: Macmillan. Dalton, Russell J. 2000. The decline of party identifications. In Parties …” „… . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wattenberg, Martin P. 1998. The decline of American political …”

The voting decision process S. 208-210

„… predispositions. These efforts have clearly shown that the hypothesis of a linear decline in party identification …”

Hypotheses and operationalization S. 120-123

„… ) party identifiers declines among all voters, it does so more rapidly for the cognitively mobilized …”

Model specification S. 168-171

„… to decline. Thus, the campaign period itself should become increasingly important for explaining …”

The social-structural model of voting choice S. 25-29

„… have weakened. This process of “partisan decline” is most often considered to be the main factor …”

What explains the instability of party preferences? S. 204-208

„… of a general and regular decline in the strength of these social divisions. Cleavages have been …”

Sophistication and the structure of belief systems S. 51-56

„… . As the level of information of citizens become smaller, “constraint declines across the universe of …”

Plan of the book S. 17-24

„… Catholics has declined in both Germany and Switzerland. One the other hand, behavioral dealignment denotes …”

Explaining the consequences of electoral change in Switzerland S. 132-139

„… voters the electoral decision of which was always clear has declined. We found more contrast regarding …”

Conclusion S. 139-141

„… declined. We found more contrast regarding the evolution of electoral volatility. In Germany, interelection …”

The impact of expertise and predisposition strength on attitude stability S. 154-162

„… postelectoral one than between the two pre-electoral waves. In 1990, however, the level of stability declined …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204895

Darrell M. West - Divided Politics, Divided Nation

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Darrell M. West

Divided Politics, Divided Nation

2019

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The Decline of Opportunity S. 53-68

doi.org/10.5771/9780815736929

Reiner Schulze - Common European Sales Law (CESL)

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Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Common European Sales Law (CESL)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2012

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Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance S. 670-672

„… afforded a right to decline performance (art 158). Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance 1 …” „… . Hence it is reasonable to equip the customer with a right to decline further performance of the service …” „… performed in full. Paragraph 1 also provides that the right to decline performance is to be exercised via …”

Article 157 Remedies of the service provider S. 669-670

„… afforded a right to decline performance (art 158). Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance 1 …”

Article 152 Obligation to warn of unexpected or uneconomic cost S. 661-664

„… by the service provider is to be considered the exercise of the ‘right to decline performance’ (art …”

Article 19 Distance contracts: additional information and other requirements S. 185-189

„… conversation so the consumer can decline to continue without wasting too much time. One might see some debate …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 157 632 Customer’s right to decline performance …”

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum S. 788-817

„… 41 12 – right to decline performance 158 3 et seqq – termination 115 10, 118 1 et seqq, 138 7 et …” „… party 150 1 et seq – price reduction 158 7 – provision of access 154 1 et seqq – right to decline …” „… 109 12 et seqq, 30 right to decline performance – notice 158 3 et seqq – related service contracts …”

Article 40 Right to withdraw S. 247-260

„… the right of withdrawal from the right to decline performance (art 158), although the latter – in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265469

Hubertus Buchstein, Moritz Langfeldt - Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

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Hubertus Buchstein (ed.), Moritz Langfeldt (ed.)

Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

Series: Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammmelte Schriften

Volume 5 2020

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[3.] The Decline of Intra-State Federalism in Western Europe[1951] S. 204-219

„… [3.] The Decline of Intra-State Federalism in Western Europe* [1951] Among the constitutional …” „… further analysis under this aspect. 8 Salvador de Madariaga, Spain, London, 1942, p. 169. [3.] The Decline …” „… , Paris, 1950, p. 38. 206 [3.] The Decline of Intra-State Federalism in Western Europe [1951] rights was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Bundestag, 1950 [1950] [1.] 177 The Government of Eastern Germany [1951] [2.] 194 The Decline of Intra-State …”

[1.] The Composition of the German Bundestag, 1950[1950] S. 177-193

„… them belonging to SPD and CDU. If their percentage has been on the decline since the Weimar assemblies …” „… declined greatly since Weimar days, from 13.7 per cent to 9.2 per cent, because the most important …” „… of artisans and retail enterprises has declined only moderately (4.5 per cent as against 6.5 per cent …”

[24.] Elite – Consent – Control in the Western Political System[1964] S. 515-526

„… System [1964] 517 mine the more or less rapid rate according to which the decline of the older species of …”

[26.] A Free Press in a Democratic State? The Spiegel Case[1965] S. 533-591

„… political behavior. Most important of these is the general decline of parliamentary conflict in the wake of …” „… entire postwar history of Germany’s SPD tells the story of ideology’s decline and, especially since 1959 …” „… waiting for definite cues they were somewhat disillusioned. While the CSU suffered a 2 percent decline and …”

[7.] Notes on the Political Scene in Western Germany[1954] S. 252-265

„… of the militant to civil pursuits, the decline of political interest, and what of the effects of …”

[5.] Parteistruktur und Massendemokratie in Europa[1954] S. 223-248

„… treffendste Darstellung des sozial-politischen Tatbestandes bei H.[enry] W.[alter] Ehrmann, The Decline of the …”

Bibliografie der veröffentlichten Schriften von Otto Kirchheimer S. 741-772

„… . 194-203. 758 Bibliografie der veröffentlichten Schriften von Otto Kirchheimer b: The Decline of …”

[10.] West German Trade Unions: Their Domestic and Foreign Policies[1957] S. 276-341

„… may even be slightly on the decline. Union headquarters ring with controversies among factions and …” „… weakened and that a competing center of authority has begun to operate.48 Prosperity, the decline of labor …”

Einleitung S. 7-176

„… Westeuropa. Der Aufsatz The Decline of Intra-State Federalism in Western Europe geht auf einen Vortrag zurück …” „… tatsächlich zu einem »decline of federalism« (S. 218) gekommen. Generell sei solch ein »cleavage between …”

[20.] European Parliaments[1963] S. 489-500

„… understanding, that the quality of its members has declined, and that they lead a dog’s life anyway.«1 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290010

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