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Jens Peter Schmidt, Fabian Hübener - New Digital Markets Act

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Jens Peter Schmidt (ed.), Fabian Hübener (ed.)

New Digital Markets Act

2023

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Annex: Digital Markets Act S. 177-254

„… implemented in order to ensure effective compliance with those obligations, including those measures …” „… internal market, thus raising the risk of increased compliance costs due to different sets of national …” „… Act183services obstructs the investigation by failing to comply with the investigative measures taken …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 7 Compliance and reporting obligations of gatekeepers S. 59-62

„… measures that the European Commission can take to enforce compliance include the appointment of …” „… . 8(1) DMA. When developing the measures, gatekeepers must observe compliance with applicable law, in …” „… manner the measures implemented to ensure compliance with the obligations laid down in Art. 5, 6 and 7 …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 12 Third-party rights before the European Commission and national authorities S. 107-111

„… . Comments on compliance measures by gatekeepers (Art. 8 DMA) . . . . . . . . . . 14D. Comments in the …” „… (→ Ch. 11 mn. 3 et seqq.).C. Comments on compliance measures by gatekeepers (Art. 8 DMA)Pursuant to Art …” „… context of a market investigation into systematic non-compliance (Art. 18 DMA …”

Lucas Gasser, Jochen Hegener Chapter 6 Conduct obligations for gatekeepers (Art. 5–7 DMA) S. 41-58

„… for these measures.u Summary: The provision therefore promotes the opportunity for other providers to …” „… board and without considering the individual case.8In the event of non-compliance with the conduct …” „… obligations, the European Commission may – in the context of issuing a non-compliance decision pursuant to …”

Fabian Hübener, Raphael Reims Chapter 10 EU penalties, investigative powers and legal protection S. 80-95

„… or more of the measures specified pursuant to Art. 8(2) DMA to ensure compliance with the obligations …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27IV. Interim measures (Art. 24 DMA …” „… event of systematic non-compliance with specific DMA standards. While fines are imposed for 80 Fabian …”

Index S. 255-260

„… parties, comments from– commitment 12 18– compliance measures 12 14 et seqq.– market investigation …” „… seq.Additional remedies 10 27 et seqq.– review 10 30– selection 10 29– systematic non-compliance 10 27Adtech …” „… – relationship to the DMA 11 19 et seqq.Competitor 13 128Compliance 7 1 et seqq.– furnish evidence of 7 10 et …”

Pablo Figueroa, Jorge Masía, Ana Parés K. Private enforcement in Spain S. 171-175

„… caused the damages).An example of such a claim based on Art. 1902 CC could be non-compliance with Art …” „… non-compliance with the obligation of Art. 6(2) DMA may be invoked:The gatekeeper shall not use, in competition …” „… . Therefore, in such cases, compliance with the DMA becomes a full privately enforceable contractual …”

Johanna Krauskopf, Markus Brösamle Chapter 8 Market investigations (Art. 16–19 DMA) S. 63-73

„… investigation into systematic non-compliance (Art. 18 DMA) . . . . 143. Market investigation on the inclusion of …” „… systematic non-compliance (Art. 18 DMA) and (iii) identify new digital services and practices to be included …” „… investigative powers of the DMA, which are intended to ensure the effective implementation of, and compliance …”

Markus Brösamle, Emilia Etz Chapter 11 Role of national authorities and courts S. 96-106

„… rule) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254. Implementation measures in Germany (11th GWB …” „… Markus Brösamle/Emilia Etz1its enforcement measures (→ mn. 3). National courts on the other hand must …” „… internal market (cf. rec. 7 and 9 DMA). At the same time, harmonisation is said to reduce compliance costs …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V. 110Comments on compliance measures by gatekeepers (Art. 8 DMA …” „… the slogan ‘A Europe fit for the digital age’, the authority in Brussels is bundling measures designed …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. 57CHAPTER 7COMPLIANCE AND REPORTING OBLIGATIONS OF GATEKEEPERSJens Peter SchmidtInternal …”

Gonçalo Machado Borges, Sofia Vaz Sampaio, Leonor Martins Machado J. Private enforcement in Portugal S. 165-171

„… to hear claims arising from potential non-compliance with the DMA. As such, and with the possible …” „… of others’.187Liability for damages resulting from a gatekeeper’s non-compliance will depend on the …” „… can resort to injunctive actions seeking definitive measures to cease or prohibit a practice or even …”

Franck Audran, Elsa Mandel E. Private enforcement in France S. 128-135

„… arise will be whether a sanction decision of the Commission for non-compliance with the DMA …” „… entitled to seek compensation.82 In a similar manner, claimants could argue that non-compliance with the …” „… of a merger authorisation. In its decision, the Court of Appeal considered that:Non-compliance with …”

Rick Cornelissen, Lumine van Uden I. Private enforcement in the Netherlands S. 153-164

„… , this is the place of business for the injured party.Interim measuresInterim measures are common under …” „… powers to monitor compliance with the DMA, initiate investigations and exchange information with the …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler B. Basis for private enforcement of the DMA S. 116-125

„… this context is whether further measures by European Union institutions or Member States are required …” „… by the European Commission. Rather, only the implementation measures are examined to determine their …” „… implementation measures tak1.a)b)10 Art. 2 point (21) DMA defines a business user as any natural or legal person …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler F. Private enforcement in Germany S. 135-145

„… their rights as a precautionary measure if corresponding infringements become apparent. While the basis …” „… have non-compliance with the requirements set out in the Regulation terminated or prohibited by court …” „… from Art. 8(1) DMA. According to this provision, gatekeepers must ensure that the measures they take to …”

Juliane Mendelsohn, Oliver Budzinski Chapter 2 DMA: background, objectives, and its relationship to competition law S. 3-22

„… ; Ritz/Weber, ‘A Game Changer for Germany’s Competition Practice: Compliance Defense and Sweeping New Cartel …” „… for Germany’s Competition Practice: Compliance Defense and Sweeping New Cartel Enforcement Powers in …” „… TFEU as the more suitable legal basis.33 Measures that would have been adopted on the basis of Art. 103 …”

Markus Brösamle, Miriam Swamy-von Zastrow Chapter 5 Review by the European Commission (Art. 4 DMA) S. 36-40

„… that the European Commission determine whether the measures it has taken effectively achieve the …” „… non-compliance with the conduct obligations by a gatekeeper (Art. 18(1), (2) DMA) to ensure that the gatekeeper …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937067

Michael Friedewald, Alexander Roßnagel, Rahild Neuburger, Felix Bieker, Gerrit Hornung - Daten-Fairness in einer globalisierten Welt

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Michael Friedewald (ed.), Alexander Roßnagel (ed.), Rahild Neuburger (ed.), Felix Bieker (ed.), Gerrit Hornung (ed.)

Daten-Fairness in einer globalisierten Welt

Series: Privatheit und Selbstbestimmung in der digitalen Welt | Privacy and Self-Determination in the Digital World

Volume 2 2023

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Sebastian J. Kasper, Timo Hoffmann Targeting Reputation – Publication of Compliance as a Regulatory Concept in Comparative Data Protection Law S. 79-106

„… reputation-related measures,future re-entries into the market can be ignored at this stage.49 For a summary of our …” „… thirdparties alike.112 Therefore, it will be difficult to evaluate such measures’effects precisely …” „… Targeting Reputation – Publication of Compliance as aRegulatory Concept in Comparative Data …”

Marie-Louise Gächter „Data Free Flow with Trust“ - Auf der Suche nach dem Vertrauen S. 225-246

„… University Chicago Journal of Regulatory Compliance 2022, 1 (4).26 EuGH, Patrick Breyer gegen Bundesrepublik …” „… vernachlässigten Interessen von Entwicklungslän‐dern berücksichtigt werden.43measures taken without his or her …” „… Regulatory Compliance (JRC), 8, S. 1-17.Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik (2017): The Breyer Case of the Court …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748938743

Sandra Schmitz - The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

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Sandra Schmitz

The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 8 2015

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… File-Sharer as the Addressee of Enforcement Measures A. 195 The Idea of Enforcement in Peer-to-Peer …” „… Measures Against UsersB. 243 Legal Framework under European Union LawI. 243 Copyright Law Providing for …” „… Securing Internet Access dd) 363 Compliance of the Graduated Response Schemes With Secondary EU Law b) 364 …”

B. Enforcement Measures Directed at Intermediaries S. 565-719

„… focus on the proportionality of any such measure will be central to the subsequent discussion of …” „… content. When assessing the legitimacy of any blocking measure, it thus does not only need to be …” „… Measures Directed at Intermediaries Intermediaries may be taken into responsibility in various ways: by way …”

B. National Enforcement Measures Against Users S. 243-517

„… Measures Against Users Copyright enforcement against users can take different formats. Users may be …” „… Law Measures that target end-users by either sanctioning them under criminal law, or requesting …” „… market, a number of measures updated over recent years now exist at EU level that deal with infringements …”

Introduction S. 21-49

„… requires its signatory states to “adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to …” „… Instead they sued the innovators of file-sharing technology and introduced copyright protection measures …” „… devices. Technical protection measures that hinder copying, or allow data only to be played on certain …”

B. The Technological and Legal Challenges of Online Copyright Enforcement S. 115-195

„… measure the degree of respect for, and compliance with, international human rights standards. The …” „… measures requiring the registration of prepaid SIM cards.404 Accordingly, these users may surf the Internet …” „… violation of the rights in question. Without specifying any enforcement measures, it is already clear at …”

A. The Peer-to-Peer File-Sharer as the Addressee of Enforcement Measures S. 195-243

„… User-Targeted Responses The Peer-to-Peer File-Sharer as the Addressee of Enforcement Measures The …” „… are drafting, laws to enforce ‘graduated response’ measures where content owners and Internet service …” „… will be presented and analysed. The analysis itself will focus on the compliance of the individual …”

General Conclusions S. 719-747

„… abuse when scare tactics are used to achieve compliance. The analysis has shown that the weakness of …” „… anti-piracy measures such as reduction of download speed for non-premium users and a limitation on the amount …” „… proportionality of such a sanction, it is difficult to foresee, in what circumstances a measure will be seen as …”

A. The Status Quo – or How Did We Get to Where We AreToday? S. 49-115

„… including rules for obtaining provisional measures, injunctions, damages and other penalties, as well as …” „… circumvention of technological measures (the so-called “anti-circumvention” clause), e.g. encryption, used by …” „… Protection Measures Early responses to copyright infringements saw rights-holders protecting their works with …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265872

Detlef Czybulka - Marine Nature Conservation and Management at the borders of the European Union

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Detlef Czybulka (ed.)

Marine Nature Conservation and Management at the borders of the European Union

Series: Beiträge zum Landwirtschaftsrecht und zur Biodiversität

Volume 7 2012

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MARIE BIERMANN Fisheries conservation and management in the south east Atlantic S. 57-70

„… strengthen the effective exercise of flag state responsibility and to ensure compliance with SEAFO measures …” „… Mngt%20Measures/recommendations.htm. 55 SEAFO conservation measure 06/06 (see footnote 53); SEAFO …” „… Measures/2009%20conservation%20measures/CM%2018-10%20CLOSE D%20AREAS.pdf. MARIE BIERMANN 68 was carried …”

KATRIN TÄUFER Legal framework of the Baltic Sea with regard to fisheries and land-based pollution S. 29-36

„… ), compliance with conservation and management measures and other fisheries regulations (Article 8 …” „… of fishing rules: ! fishing effort limitations, ! catch limits and ! technical measures …” „… measures’ is a catch-all term for the whole range of rules governing how and where fishermen may fish.18 …”

CLAIRE DUPONT, LARS KRAMM The legal framework for the protection of the marine environment of the Black Sea region and its implementation S. 77-90

„… , mainly due to a slow-down in polluting economic activities, but also partly as a result of the measures …” „… political and legal measures intended to protect the environment of the Black Sea. In cases where only some …” „… contains 59 policy commitments on measures to reduce pollution, improve the management of living …”

JUDITH FOEST The Cartagena Convention: The legal framework for environmental protection in the Caribbean Sea with regard to an ecosystem approach to fisheries S. 137-150

„… jointly, take all appropriate measures “to prevent, reduce and control pollution” and “to ensure sound …” „… and Judicial Developments in the English- Speaking Caribbean Countries in the Context of Compliance …” „… the parties; for instance, with regard to inspection or enforcement measures such as MARPOL 73/78.22 …”

ALEKE STÖFEN The role of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in the protection of the marine environment at the EU’s borders (and beyond?) S. 151-158

„… Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in exerting pressure with regard to marine protection measures at the …” „… on marine protection measures that extend beyond the territories of the EU Member States. The …” „… presence of non-EU Member States. The central measures of the MSFD are the marine strategies.14 These are …”

LARS KRAMM The new strategic action plan for the environmental protection and rehabilitation of the Black Sea S. 91-102

„… non-binding (‘soft law’) measures, and operate on two levels, global and regional. Measures combating threats …” „… regional compliance mechanism for the various policy actions. The amendment in 2002 (Sofia Declaration …” „… operational part of its content. The effect that the classification of an operational measure as a principle …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845237060

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch - CETA Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

CETA Investment Law

2022

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Christina Binder Article 8.5 Performance requirements S. 175-193

„… interested persons and theother Party a reasonable opportunity to comment on such proposed measures.Article …” „… , expansion, management, con-duct or operation of any investments in its territory, on compliance with any …” „… conditionentry into the market on compliance with certain requirements (e.g. the requirementto enter only upon …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.22 Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 534-542

„… risk of multiple proceedings relating to the same domestic measures.Art. 8.22 Procedural and other …” „… request for consultations;(e) does not identify a measure in its claim that was not identified in its …” „… under domestic or international law with respect to a measure allegedto constitute a breach referred to …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… Expropriatory MeasuresLike many treaties in force that deal with the protection of investments, the …” „… ) the character of the measure or series of measures;c) Except in rare circumstances, such as when a …” „… Different Approaches of Tribunals with Regard to Indirect Expropriation andRegulatory MeasuresIt is …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.15 Reservations and exceptions S. 374-394

„… theAgreement,66 which also apply to investment measures.Exception for TRIPS Agreement-consistent MeasuresAn …” „… Measures)TPP.17 See CETA, Annex 8A – Expropriation.18 This would later become Article 8.5(1)(f) CETA.19 CETA …” „… exclude a sector or activity (→ mn. 47 ff.).Annex I – Reservations for Non-Conforming MeasuresParagraph 1 …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.2 Scope S. 114-146

„… objectives such as inter-alia,environmental, public health and safety measures.The emphasis in the CETA on …” „… adoption of EU measures.This unclear status had prompted an EU proposal in 2004 to the ILC to …” „… Article 8.2Scope1. This Chapter applies to a measure adopted or maintained by a Party in …”

Gabriel Bottini Article 8.45 Exclusion S. 955-960

„… applicationof ISDS provisions as regards certain kinds of state measures.3 More recent BITs en-1 CETA, Article …” „… obliga-tions of the treaty to certain matters, such as taxation measures, which also affected the applicationof …” „… by a CETA Party) to challenge a measure in light of theadopting Party’s reservations, as set out in …”

Richard Happ Article 8.34 Interim measures S. 767-778

„… that Tribunals would be able to drawadverse inferences out of non-compliance with an interim measure of …” „… Article 8.34Interim measuresThe Tribunal may order an interim measure of protection to preserve the …” „… Tribunal’s jurisdiction. The Tribunal shall notorder attachment or enjoin the application of the measure …”

Lars Markert Article 8.25 Consent to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal S. 566-583

„… proceedings(Article 8.24), early dismissal proceedings (Article 8.32 and 8.33), interim measures(Article 8.34 …” „… investor to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal, (b) compliance with‘cooling off ’ periods, (c …” „… 8.19 (→ Art. 8.19mn. 4, 23-24, 43), (e) the claim not covering a measure that was not previously …”

August Reinisch Article 8.7 Most-favoured-nation treatment S. 216-230

„… constitute ‘treatment’, andthus cannot give rise to a breach of this Article, absent measures adopted …” „… respectto the recognition of qualifications, licences or prudential measures and with respectto …” „… international agreement or arrangement relating wholly ormainly to taxation. (c) existing or future measures …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… state to repeal a measure.Instead, it would be for the state to decide how to bring itself in compliance …” „… or repeal or modification of the measure.4. The Tribunal shall not award punitive damages.5. The …” „… force a state to repeal a measure. Instead, it would be for the state todecide how to bring itself in …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… MeasuresA last issue in relation to Article 8.9(1) CETA is whether the right to regulateonly concerns …” „… Article 8.9Investment and regulatory measures1. For the purpose of this Chapter, the Parties …” „… aParty from discontinuing the granting of a subsidy1 or requesting its reimburse-ment where such measure …”

Céline Lévesque Article 8.16 Denial of benefits S. 395-416

„… measure with respect to the thirdcountry that:(i) relates to the maintenance of international peace and …” „… (National security), the Parties confirmtheir understanding that measures that are “related to the …” „… that of prohibiting certain transactions or preventingcircumvention/violation of measures with respect …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8) S. 1-42

„… achievement of uniformity in measures of liberalisation, export policy and measures toprotect trade such as …” „… to prevent a Party from adopting and applying measures necessary to protectpublic interests.The CETA …” „… decide on the legality of an EU measure.Another issue of a more general and systemic interest concerns …”

Panos Koutrakos Article 8.8 Senior management and boards of directors S. 231-235

„… to maintain public order, the protection of human, animal or plantlife or health, compliance with …” „… covers: existing non-conforming measures adopted at EU, State,provincial, territorial, regional …” „… renewal of theabove existing non-conforming measures (Article 8.15(1)(b) CETA); the amendmentsof the above …”

Marc Bungenberg, Andrés E. Alvarado Garzón Article 8.17 Formal requirements S. 417-433

„… construed to prevent a Party from adopt-ing or maintaining a measure that prescribes special formalities in …” „… Treatment) shall be construed to prevent a Partyfrom adopting or maintaining a measure that prescribes …” „… effective governance of the state.22 In this sense, obligationson transparency may promote compliance with …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.40 Indemnification or other compensation S. 856-875

„… related to a purported non-paymentof taxes34 or non-compliance with obligations.35 Respondents may allege …” „… from expropriation and similar measures with the effect ofdepriving the holder of a guarantee of his …” „… .78 The investors have to fulfil certain eligibility criteria, suchas compliance with environmental …”

Richard Happ Article 8.35 Discontinuance S. 779-786

„… Paper Volume 3 (2 August2018); Benoit Le Bars and Tejas Shiroor, ‘Provisional Measures in Investment …” „… becomes clearthat being in compliance with the procedural rules cannot amount to a withdrawalof claims …” „… under domestic law with respect to the measures forming theCETA claim. A withdrawal / discontinuance …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… submitted only to the extent the measure relates to the existingbusiness operations of a covered investment …” „… undoubtedly ascertained to be Canada. This is irrespective of thecase that the challenged measure at the …” „… theimpugned measures in respect of which the investor intends to submit the claim.86After this notice has been …”

Index S. 979-994

„… – subordinate measure 8.15 34Annex II reservations– policy space 8.15 2Annex on Air Transport Services 8.1 70 …” „… 8.31 53– scope, decision on the merits 8.31 50– scope, interim measures of protection8.31 52– scope …” „… specialis 8.11 42 ff.– National treatment 8.11 36– remedial measures 8.11 32– restitution 8.11 37 ff …”

Katia Fach Gómez Article 8.30 Ethics S. 654-703

„… amatter of law, measures to enhance the transparency of the proceedings, etc.16 Never-theless, new …” „… term of office;a sanction mechanism in the event of non-compliance with the rules of conduct which is …”

Julian Scheu Article 8.31 Applicable law and interpretation S. 704-737

„… toexamine the compliance with the CETA of the measure that is challenged by an investor and thathas been …” „… Parties.2. The Tribunal shall not have jurisdiction to determine the legality of a measure,alleged to …” „… determining the consistency of a measure withthis Agreement, the Tribunal may consider, as appropriate, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

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