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Maximilian Merwald - Questions and Answers im Europäischen Wirtschaftsrecht

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Maximilian Merwald

Questions and Answers im Europäischen Wirtschaftsrecht

Series: Schriften des Augsburg Center for Global Economic Law and Regulation - Arbeiten zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht und zur Wirtschaftsregulierung

Volume 87 2022

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4. Teil Rechtsschutz gegen Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO? S. 189-214

„… Rechtsschutz gegen Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO?Fraglich ist, inwiefern Rechtsschutz gegen Q&As …” „… . 2020, S. 239 Rn. 527.4. Teil Rechtsschutz gegen Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO?190Passive …” „… Rechtsschutz gegen Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO?192ten Rechtsakte ohne Gesetzescharakter gem. Art. 290 AEUV und …”

3. Teil Rechtsnatur von Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO S. 99-188

„… Rechtsnatur von Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VONachdem die Norm des Art. 16b ESA-VO ausgelegt und …” „… : Besteht eine rechtsmethodische Pflicht zu Beachtung und Auseinandersetzung mit Q&As gem. Art. 16b …” „… Frage, welche Konsequenzen zu ziehen sind, wenn das Auslegungsergebnis der Antwort von Q&As …”

1. Teil Einführung S. 15-23

„… die betriebliche Altersversorgung (EIOPA9) in Questions and Answers (Q&As) Stellung „zur praktischen …” „… Einführung16immer mehr Regelwerken arbeiten müssen. Das Handlungsinstrument der Q&As war in den …” „… eingefügt. Q&As wurden damit aufgewertet, da sie jetzt in einem europäischen Sekundärrechtsakt ausdrücklich …”

5. Teil Zusammenfassung und Thesensammlung S. 215-218

„… Einschränkung bezüglich des Anknüpfungspunkts von Q&As. Q&As können sich auf alle Rechtsakte beziehen, gleich …” „… faktischen Relevanz von Q&As der Kommission und der Finanzaufsichtsbehörden und der Tatsache, dass die Q&As …” „… der juristischen Argumentation ist der Richter also angehalten, die Q&As zu beachten und sich mit der …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… , EBA-VO, EIOPA-VO und die Rechtsnatur von Q&AsSchriften des Augsburg Center for Global Economic Law and …” „… , EBA-VO, EIOPA-VO und die Rechtsnatur von Q&AsNomos1. Auflage 2022© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft …” „… Inhaltsverzeichnis8Erscheinungsformen und Struktur von Q&AsB. 73Q&A-Tool und VorgehenI. 74Priorisierung der Fragen1 …”

2. Teil Grundlagen und Normexegese der Art. 16b ESMA-, EBA-, EIOPA-VO S. 24-98

„… Besonderheiten sind für das Verständnis von Q&As gem. Art. 16b ESA-VO von erhöhter Bedeutung. Nur so ist es …” „… sie gem. Art. 8 Abs. 2 lit. ga iVm. Art. 16b ESMA-VO Fragen („Q&As“) und kann sogar unter den …” „… Finanzaufsichtsbehörden an der Gesetzgebung. Ohne dieses Verständnis kann eine Einordnung und Bewertung von Q&As gem. Art …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 219-245

„… Gemeinschaften als Kompetenzgericht, EuZW 2002, 709–715.Coman-Kund, Florin, European Union Agencies as Global …” „… (zitiert als: Coman-Kund, European Union Agencies as Global Actors, 2018).Craig, Paul, EU-Administrative …” „… ).Veil, Rüdiger, Aufsichtskonvergenz durch „Questions and Answers“ der ESMA – Rechtsnatur von Q&A und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748935179

zfwu Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik

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zfwu Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik

Browse Volumes: zfwu Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik

zfwu Volume 13 (2012) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 1439-880X

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Christian Erk Just Health (Care): Social Justice, Health and the Common Good S. 31-49

„… ). As has been shown, a virtue is a special kind of habitus (Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 co.) – but in what way …” „… ? As St. Thomas Aquinas writes, a virtue is a “habitus operativus” (Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 co.) which …” „… )” (Reichberg 2002: 132; also cf. Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 co.). Therefore, as a principle of operation (Iª-IIae q …”

doi.org/10.5771/1439-880X-2012-1

Alexander Fidora, Matthias Lutz-Bachmann, Andreas Wagner - Lex und Ius. Lex and Ius

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Alexander Fidora (ed.), Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (ed.), Andreas Wagner (ed.)

Lex und Ius. Lex and Ius

Series: Politische Philosophie und Rechtstheorie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit

Volume 2010

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Jason T. Eberl The Necessity of lex aeterna in Aquinas’s Account of lex naturalis S. 147-174

„… is accurate. See, for example, Aquinas’s account of “fraternal correction” (STh II-II q. 33), as well …” „… theologically defined due to his description of lex naturalis as rational beings’ participation in God’s lex …” „… terms lex divina. I argue that the fact that Aquinas cites God as a meta-ethical foundation of human …”

John P. Doyle Suárez and Some Precursors on Lex and Ius S. 393-428

„… modern lan-guages. While “lex” is normally translated and understood as “law”, “ius” can be rendered by …” „… ”, and then, more immediately, the translation of “ius” as either “law” or “right”. While, in English …” „… Portuguese “lei” and “direito”, and the German “Gesetz” and “Recht”. As we shall see, both meanings of “ius …”

Kenneth Pennington Lex and ius in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries S. 1-26

„… the ius civile; almost as if it were a ius proprium of that city. What, however, the 2 Gratian …” „… , almost as if all human beings use that ius.4Gaius began with lex but quickly switched his terminology to …” „… ways. In one way “ius” means what is always equitable and good, as “Ius naturale”. In another way what …”

Yossef Schwartz Divine Law and Human Justification in Medieval Jewish-Christian Polemic S. 121-146

„… Christian-Jewish dialogue each of the two disciplines, the theological as well as the jurisprudential, approached …” „… theo-political aspect of law and jus-tification as discussed between Jews and Christians in the 12th–13th century …” „… , i. e. the tension between lex and ius as articulated in the framework of two well-known problems …”

Jürgen Miethke Dominium, ius und lex in der politischen Theorie Wilhelms von Ockham S. 241-270

„… Teutonicus (zu C.17 q.4 c.43) identifiziert diese sel-tenen Vokabeln zweimal (s.v. iure fori und s.v. non …” „… Nachgewiesen durch Offler: OPol II, 573 Anm.: C.17 q.4 c.43 [= Augustinus, De mor. eccles. II.13 (PL 32,1356 …” „… / vgl. sermo 355, PL 39,1572)] bzw. C.17 q.4 d.a.c.43, beides in CICan, col. 827.27 OND c.65, OPol II …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783772830556

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, Jürgen Schwarze - XXIV. FIDE-Kongress vom 3. bis 6. November 2010 in Madrid

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Peter-Christian Müller-Graff (ed.), Jürgen Schwarze (ed.)

XXIV. FIDE-Kongress vom 3. bis 6. November 2010 in Madrid

Series: Sonderheft Europarecht

Volume 2011

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Piet Jan Slot Questionnaire General Topic 3: Public Capital and Private Capital in the internal market. Securing a level playing field for public and private enterprises S. 91-98

„… perceived as insufficient to protect public interests? Q 25. Has there been any discussion about the need to …” „… specific regulation as referred to above in section III.A Q 16-20. Q 29. Are there rules that allow or …” „… questionnaire, as set out above. Miscellaneous Q 46. If you are of the opinion that financial regulation and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230917

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Corinna Gayer

Gendered Intractability

2012

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Concourse S. 181-184

„… steps of Q as the methodology is still relatively unknown outside the Anglo-American academia. In …” „… general reading of the research results. 107 Q-methodology should be conceived as a whole of theories …” „… as the sum of these parts. In contrast, Q focuses on the whole response and compares these wholes …”

Critical evaluation of Q-methodology S. 192-194

„… to a Q-study and thus missed the essential premises of Q-methodology121. As indicated in the …” „… followers as misinterpreting the origins of Q-methodology. In addition, Kitzinger (1987, p. 78) criticizes …” „… Q-methodology and quantitative measures like the AWS are, of course, of very different nature. As indicated …”

Methodological approach S. 21-34

„… preference of violent political means against the enemy7. As such, the interrelation of Q- and R-methodology …” „… types. Instead of correlating variables as done in regular factor analysis, Q-methodology correlates …” „… , its history of suffering, its need to survive. To recognize these imperatives, as components of …”

Q-sorting process S. 186-187

„… Q-researchers, as it produces more stable and discriminating Q-sorts and requests closer attention by the …” „… . Instead of correlating variables as done in regular factor analysis, Q-methodology correlates persons with …” „… ). 4.4 Q-sorting process The Q-sorting process is the data collection technique of Q-methodology with the …”

Interpretation S. 191-192

„… the middle of the Q-sort should also be considered for interpretation, as they might contain …” „… premises of Q-methodology121. As indicated in the introduction to this 120 The authors identify the works …” „… picture of the factor’s composite Q-sort should be taken into consideration. Still, there are a few …”

Correlation matrix S. 187-188

„… . Despite their apparent neutrality the valences +1, 0, and -1 can still be informative as they may include …” „… openly (Kitzinger, 1999; Stainton Rogers, 1995). 4.5 Analysis The analysis of the Q-sorts is carried out …” „… factors by correlating the variables. Instead of correlating variables as done in regular factor analysis …”

Israeli particularistic national identity: Demographic background S. 216-217

„… called ‘confounded Q-sorts’ (Watts & Stenner, 2005), as well as those Q-sorts that did not load …” „… significantly on any of the two factors, were not included as defining Q-sorts for the factors. The two factors …” „… and compares different meanings of national identity constructions in both nations (6.3.3). As such …”

P-Set S. 185-186

„… ) suggests a Q-sample of 30 to 60 statements as appropriate for most studies. 4.3 P-Set In order to …” „… among quantitative oriented scientist. This critique, though, is deficient as Q is concerned with …” „… one among Q-researchers, as it produces more stable and discriminating Q-sorts and requests closer …”

Factor rotation S. 188-190

„… variance only reflects the amount of people of a factor included in the study. As Q is not based on random …” „… correlation matrix for any Q-study will have a size of n x n cells; n representing the number of Q-sorts. This …” „… matrix exposes the similarity or dissimilarity between the Q-sorts, but is merely a necessary corner …”

Q-Sample S. 184-185

„… , Brown (2008) suggests a Q-sample of 30 to 60 statements as appropriate for most studies. 4.3 P-Set In …” „… deficient as Q is concerned with uncovering existing opinion types, beliefs or attitudes within the …” „… sources (such as newspapers, TV and Radio) are often the bases for these samples and form the raw material …”

Empirical research: Q-sorting and questionnaires S. 209-211

„… just as much Ashkenazi as Sephardic Jews, who live to equal parts in Israeli Jewish society (Arian …” „… next part illuminates the actual Q-sorting process during the field study. 5.5 Empirical research …” „… : Q-sorting and questionnaires During the field study, the final Q-sample of 48 statements was handed to the …”

Analytical procedure S. 213-214

„… 213 6 Analyses and results of the Q-methodological study This chapter discusses the results of the …” „… Q-methodological study, which was exploratory in nature and generated two major constructions of national identity …” „… following discussion factor I will be referred to as representing a more particularistic national identity …”

Structure S. 215-216

„… other one. These mixed factor loadings, or so called ‘confounded Q-sorts’ (Watts & Stenner, 2005), as …” „… well as those Q-sorts that did not load significantly on any of the two factors, were not included as …” „… national identity construction would emerge from the Q-methodological analysis, that is, it is both …”

Classification of ideal national identity types S. 214-215

„… As mentioned in chapter 5, half of the 48 statements that constituted the Q-sorts were …” „… 214 This way, all pure and significant Q-sorts were merged together to create a prototypical Q …” „… were equal for both the Israeli and the Palestinian data. The archetypical factor scores, as …”

Conceptual-methodological contributions and future directions S. 315-320

„… extension of the theoretical concept; 2) a Q-methodological approach to the analysis of meanings and levels …” „… part of the conceptual-methodological framework consisted of a Q-methodological approach to the meaning …” „… Q-methodological study revealed four general aspects of national identity constructions. First, the exploration of …”

Limitations and scope of the empirical findings S. 308-312

„… , sociopolitical, historical and other contextual differences that characterize inter-group relations. As a result …” „… . As such, studies on identity constructions in intractable conflicts should be located within the …” „… Q-methodology is to disclose certain types of opinions, attitudes, and beliefs that surround the discourse about …”

Factor scores S. 190-191

„… sight. Second, as indicated earlier, the items located in the middle of the Q-sort should also be …” „… approach to the meaning inherent to the Q-sorts (Kitzinger, 1999). As such, the interpretation of …” „… can be transformed into an additional factor. Factor scores Contrary to R-methodology, in Q the factor …”

Content validation S. 198-199

„… statements and their origins). As mentioned in chapter 4, Q-sets are usually composed of 30 to 60 statements …” „… mask that served as a guideline for the distribution required in the Q-sort. The participants had a …” „… statements for both the Israeli and the Palestinian society, not at least as one of the guiding interests of …”

Final Q-Sample S. 201-207

„… the creation of the final Q-sample, as described below. 5.3 Final Q-Sample The Q-sample ready for the …” „… already selected for the final Q-sort. Besides, two statements of the societal belief ‘positive self-image …” „… highest loadings in the expert evaluation. As such, the selection of the statements was also guided by …”

Analysis of the pre-test Q-sorts S. 200-201

„… societal beliefs. The selection process led to the creation of the final Q-sample, as described below. 5.3 …” „… Q-sorts After the pre-test, the number of Q-statements was reduced from 88 to 48 by selecting the …” „… categorization and grouping). Subsequently, the selection of the 48 statements for the final Q-sort was carried …”

Statement collection S. 195-198

„… Palestine and to generate the statements (5.1). This is a crucial aspect in Q-methodological study as the …” „… statements and their origins). As mentioned in chapter 4, Q-sets are usually composed of 30 to 60 statements …” „… accordance with the guidelines of Q-methodology, which have been discussed in the previous chapter, the first …”

References S. 321-346

„… Senn, Charlene Y. (1996). Q-Methodology as Feminist Methodology: Women's views and Experiences of …” „… ., Johnston, Alastair I., & McDermott, Rose. (2006). Identity as a variable. Perspectives on Politics, 4(4 …” „… ), 723. Bar-Tal, Daniel. (1998c). Group beliefs as an expression of social identity. In S. Worchel, J. F …”

Design S. 199-200

„… to how clear the statement was representing the presumed societal belief128. As a result of the first …” „… Q-samples and the questionnaires were handed to the participants in their respective mother-tongues …” „… . Therefore, the Q-samples and the questionnaires had been translated into Arabic and Hebrew. After their …”

Israeli liberalistic national identity: Demographic background S. 217-218

„… 217 two from Beersheva or the South and nine from the areas defined as Samaria and Judea, i.e …” „… ., from Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Thirteen participants selfdefined as religious and eleven as …” „… themselves into the right political spectrum, another one self-defined as center and one did not specify …”

Palestinian liberalistic national identity: Demographic background S. 218-219

„… the Israeli case. As will be shown later on, this relatively higher correlation is reflected in the …” „… identity: Demographic background In total, 24 Q-sorts loaded significantly and purely on factor 1. Fourteen …” „… self-categorized as very religious, 20 as faithful and one as secular. Eight of the participants were affiliated to …”

P-set S. 207-209

„… 207 5.4 P-set The Q-study aimed to explore national identity constructions of Israelis and …” „… Palestinians in the OPT and their status as Israeli citizens. The so called ‘Israeli Arabs’, as a collectivity …” „… and those of 35 years is not too big, as would have been the case with younger age ranges. This led to …”

Structure S. 37-40

„… ). The third part presents the ethos of conflict as a theoretical concept for the analysis of the meaning …” „… of national identity. National identity is understood as a set of societal beliefs about the in-group …” „… as a legitimate entity. 18 The Gaza Strip would have to be part of this state. Israel disengaged …”

National identity constructions, gender, and inter-group violence S. 298-308

„… liberalistic national identity constructions and gender-role ideologies (as well as political and religious …” „… society members inscribe into their national identities (as explored with the Qmethodological study). The …” „… , as previously discussed, relies on the exorbitant delegititmization of the out-group and reinforces …”

Israeli sample S. 253-256

„… total of 52 Israelis participated in the Q-study and answered the ensuing questionnaires. As detailed in …” „… 253 7 Analyses and results of the R-methodological study Whereas the Q-methodological study was …” „… between national identity, gender and intractable conflicts. As outlined in the second chapter of this …”

Reflections of unequal power relations between Israelis and Palestinians on the empirical research process S. 211-212

„… 211 Palestine, both the Q-sorts and the questionnaires were analyzed. Before proceeding with the …” „… analyses and results of the Q- and R-studies, the next part outlines the reflections of the different power …” „… standard procedure turned out to be particularly important as during the research process, the power …”

Statistical criteria for the categorization of consensus, characteristic and contested beliefs S. 219-221

„… referred to as distinguishing statements by Q-researchers. Thus, the category characteristic beliefs …” „… surroundings of these cities. Fourteen people self-classified as faithful and two as very religious. As to the …” „… analysis of the Q-sorts had generated only one factor in each society. Yet, two factors emerged from the …”

Exploring national identity constructions S. 81-86

„… society is much less brought to the attention. As mentioned earlier, national self-determination does not …” „… , class, or ability “as long as the struggle of the powerless is to gain power rather than to transform …” „… traditionally connected with masculinity and femininity. Conceptualizing the ethos of conflict as a framework …”

Factor Analysis S. 188

„… correlation matrix for any Q-study will have a size of n x n cells; n representing the number of Q-sorts. This …” „… matrix exposes the similarity or dissimilarity between the Q-sorts, but is merely a necessary corner …” „… stone the data must pass in order to extract the factor structure (Brown, 1980). Factor Analysis As …”

Palestinian particularistic national identity: Demographic background S. 218

„… the Israeli case. As will be shown later on, this relatively higher correlation is reflected in the …” „… identity: Demographic background In total, 24 Q-sorts loaded significantly and purely on factor 1. Fourteen …” „… self-categorized as very religious, 20 as faithful and one as secular. Eight of the participants were affiliated to …”

Palestinian national identity constructions: consensus, characteristic and contested beliefs S. 234-246

„… . Consensus beliefs The relatively high correlation between the factors generated from the Palestinian Q …” „… statements comprise all categories of societal beliefs, except for beliefs about security and unity. As can …” „… are just as much victims of the conflict as Palestinians are. -3 -2 -0.25 Vic (42) The whole world …”

Gender-explicit beliefs in the construction of national identity S. 249-252

„… as many children as she can afford. Pat X (17) It is possible to find a moderate segment among the …” „… construction of national identity The Q-set comprised six explicit gender-related statements. The location of …” „… statements of Israeli and Palestinian liberalism as well as the contested beliefs, as a heightened expression …”

Summary of results S. 274-276

„… 274 As assumed in hypothesis 3 and 5, a high loading on the particularistic factor and the …” „… model accounted for as much as 86 percent of the overall variance of intractability (see table 22). In …” „… , men and women did not, as assumed, significantly differ in the adherence to progressive or traditional …”

Israeli national identity constructions: consensus, characteristic and contested beliefs S. 221-234

„… characteristic beliefs are two sub-categories that I constructed from the statements that are referred to as …” „… distinguishing statements by Q-researchers. Thus, the category characteristic beliefs contains statements that …” „… such as care and love for the in-group (David & Bar-Tal, 2009, p. 360). Table 3: Consensus beliefs …”

Palestinian sample S. 256-258

„… 256 7.2 Palestinian sample A total of 56 Palestinians participated in the Q-study and filled in the …” „… ensuing questionnaires. The same age cohort as in the Israeli sample was selected for the Palestinian one …” „… women) and 49 Muslims participated in the study. As expected, the Christian Palestinians were therefore …”

Israeli and Palestinian national identity constructions compared: Corresponding and competing meanings S. 246-249

„… and unity. The complete abstinence of consensus beliefs about unity in both societies serves as an …” „… as much right to live here as the Israelis/Palestinians. Just X (3) Democratic pluralistic values …” „… beliefs inherent to the characteristic statements of Israeli and Palestinian particularism as well as the …”

Acknowledgements S. 5-6

„… process. As it is impossible to name everybody I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who …” „… a constant exchange of opinions and ideas as scholars, but also provided the at times lonesome …” „… Brown and Prof. Peter Schmolck for their assistance with Q-methodological questions; the late Prof. Dan …”

National identity constructions, gender-role ideologies and behavioral intentions S. 270-274

„… (a = .719) were highly reliable. As an inventory, no statement can be made about its test-retest …” „… socio-demographical variables such as sex, age, marital status, religiosity, and political orientation in Israel. As …” „… relevant socio-demographical variables such as sex, age, married marital status, religiosity and political …”

Implications for the intractability or tractability of the conflict S. 312-315

„… are not interchangeable with public opinion and neither are they as easily alterable. In the end …” „… identity construction, “compromise as a path to resolution becomes impossible, a half-step to suicide …” „… , particularistic notions of national identity in Israel, as an example for a nation that achieved political …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845241975

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