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Stephan Löwisch - Die horizontale Direktwirkung der Europäischen Grundfreiheiten

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Stephan Löwisch

Die horizontale Direktwirkung der Europäischen Grundfreiheiten

Series: Schriftenreihe Europäisches Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 349 2009

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Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis Tournier (1989) S. 45-46

„… 45VI. Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis Tournier (1989)103Die Entscheidung Ministère Public …” „… Sachen Vlamse Reisebureaus ./. Sociale Dienst und103 EuGH, 13.07.1989, Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis …” „… Tournier Rs. 395/87 – Slg. 1989, S.2521.104 EuGH, Ministère Public ./. Tournier Rs. 395/87 – Slg. 1989, S …”

Bayer AG und Maschinenfabrik Hennecke GmbH ./. Heinz Süllhöfer (1988) S. 43-45

„… , Die unmittelbare Drittwirkung, S. 64.45VI. Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis Tournier (1989)103Die …” „… Entscheidung Ministère Public ./. Tournier behandelte die Frage der gemeinschaftsrechtlichen Zulässigkeit einer …” „… Dienst und103 EuGH, 13.07.1989, Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis Tournier Rs. 395/87 – Slg. 1989, S …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… ) 43VI. Ministère Public ./. Jean-Louis Tournier (1989) 45VII. Établissements Delhaize frères et …”

Systematische Argumente wider eine horizontale Direktwirkung der Grundfreiheiten S. 137-161

„… .; EuGH, MinistèrePublic ./. Tournier Rs. 395/87 – Slg. 1989, S. 2521 Rn. 14. Im Bereich der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845220192

Sebastian Thomasius - Political decision makers and their relevance for public finances

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Sebastian Thomasius

Political decision makers and their relevance for public finances

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 13 2013

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Public finances and the finance minister's ability S. 103-107

„… concludes.5.2 Public finances and the European finance ministersThere are several circumstances in which a …” „… the ability and the strength of the finance minister affect public finances and hypothesizes which …” „… good track record in public finances.However, the characteristics which strengthen the finance minister …”

Public finances and the finance minister's preferences S. 107-109

„… ) and include the field ofstudy as well. In the context of public finances, I expect finance ministers …” „… , in the public, orthe private sector, to reduce public debt.Hypothesis 5.7 Finance ministers with …” „… financial expertise reduce the growth of debt.5.2.2 Public finances and the finance minister’s …”

Description of the data set S. 82-86

„… (public_other)and 15 in the field of public finances, e.g., tax authorities or treasury (public_finance).A total of …” „… 499 0.375 0.485 0 1 38mp 499 0.796 0.404 0 1 88spending_minister 499 0.379 0.486 0 1 40public 499 …” „… 0.631 0.483 0 1 68public_finance 499 0.142 0.350 0 1 15public_other 499 0.551 0.498 0 1 60other 499 …”

Main results and contribution S. 137-141

„… relevance of the finance minister’s personal characteristics for public deficits inGerman states is examined …” „… evidence that theeducation of the finance minister affects public finances at all. Neither her …” „… the finance minister takes the responsibility for all areas of public finances (treasury,budget …”

Introduction S. 101-103

„… irrelevantfor public finances. Furthermore, he finds evidence for lower debt growth when thefinance minister …” „… the finance minister’s characteristics on public debt. Section 5.3 outlines the empirical strategy and …” „… Chapter 5: Finance ministers in Europe5.1 Introduction1In the aftermath of the collapse of Lehman …”

„… )public_finance 0:310(0.596)public 0:505(0.394)academia 0.665(0.553)business 0.007(0.420)union_officer …” „… parentheses.ance (public_finance) does not yield a different result in model 2. Nevertheless, theestimate for …” „… public_finance has a negative sign, while the estimates for the other twovariables are positive. The three …”

Budgetary preferences of the finance minister S. 76-78

„… influence expenditures in the budgeting process.4.3 Personality of the finance minister and public deficits …” „… plausible that the time horizon of the finance minister affectsfiscal policy and public debt. Tirole (1994 …” „… , thefinance minister has a non-negligible influence on the budget during the entire following budget year. It …”

Empirical evidence S. 28-32

„… minister in fiscal policy. The theoretical considerationsare followed by an overview of the existing …” „… persistent public deficits in mostOECD countries to partisan politics, political opportunism, and weak …” „… government budget process and the involved actors that determine the key public finance indicators …”

A Appendix S. 98-100

„… the publicsector beforeVarious sources**public_finance DV when the finance minister has worked in the …” „… sources**public_other DV when the finance minister has worked in the publicsector, not related to public finances, prior …” „… finance minister has worked in the financesector before (e.g., private or public banks, insurancecompanies …”

A Appendix S. 130-136

„… 0.10.0500.0300.10.1500000.0300.190.13public0.190.180.570.030.240.060.5500.180.100.480.520.580public_finance …” „… 5.A AppendixTable 5.8: Budget ministers of equal rank besides the finance ministerName Position …” „… (official language) Start date End dateBelgiumA. Cools Minister van Begroting 17.06.1968 21.02.1971M. Denis …”

Conclusion S. 97-98

„… the finance ministers’ preferences and abilitieson public deficits in 10 West German states from 1960 …” „… preferences of the finance minister: Neither the gender nor the parenthoodof finance ministers affects public …” „… age of thefinance minister is irrelevant for public deficits. Finally, there is no support for …”

Estimation results S. 88-94

„… )public 17:318(19.372)public_finance 18:730(26.534)public_other 11:049 9:524(18.246) (18.275)other …” „… clearly do not affect public deficit. Female ministers do not incur significantly higher or lower deficits …” „… , business,mp (members of parliament), spending_minister, public, other. Unexpectedly, noneof the categories is …”

Contribution and main findings S. 18-20

„… experience for public finances.The study for the European finance ministers, however, cannot confirm these …” „… evaluated are those that matter for the finance minister’s ability to ensure sound publicfinances and those …” „… chapter highlights the pivotal role of thefinance minister as the central decision maker in fiscal policy …”

Introduction S. 71-73

„… minister’s gender nor the existence of children or herage affect public deficits. However, the strength of …” „… her nomination affects publicdeficits. Finance ministers who gained financial expertise, e.g., in the …” „… Chapter 4: Finance ministers in German states4.1 Introduction1While a benevolent dictator or a …”

Description of the data set S. 111-116

„… 0.396 0 1public_finance 480 0.102 0.303 0 1union_officer 480 0.056 0.231 0 1Preferencesleft 480 0.438 …” „… individual characteristicsof the ministers in charge of the budget. Table 5.1 summarizes the variables …” „… lawyer 480 0.113 0.316 0 1outsider 480 0.308 0.462 0 1party_officer 480 0.040 0.195 0 1public 480 0.194 …”

Conclusion S. 128-130

„… minister ormember of parliament is irrelevant for public debt. But there is weak evidence that thepolitical …” „… minister’s education. Neither the level nor the field of study proveto be relevant for public debt – with …” „… affected by individual characteristics of the finance minister and focuses, in particular, on …”

Robustness checks S. 125-128

„… finance minister’s ability to ensuresound public finances. Model 5 in Table 5.3 shows that finance …” „… the finance minister has work experience of at least five yearsin the respective field, e.g., public …” „… minister ormember of parliament is irrelevant for public debt. But there is weak evidence that thepolitical …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-9

„… Germany 744.2.3 Budgeting procedures in Germany 764.3 Personality of the finance minister and public …” „… 1015.1 Introduction 1015.2 Public finances and the European finance ministers 1035.2.1 Public finances …” „… and the finance minister’s ability 1045.2.2 Public finances and the finance minister’s preferences …”

Theoretical considerations S. 27-28

„… minister canbe assumed to be more in line with the average taxpayer regarding public expendituresand …” „… priorities or public good provision.2.2.4 Changes in the form of governmentAnother strand in the literature …” „… .32.3 Strength of the finance minister and fiscal policyThe previous sections of this chapter highlight …”

Robustness checks S. 94-97

„… literature on the political economy of public deficits, the role and responsibility of the finance minister …” „… ministers’ preferences and abilitieson public deficits in 10 West German states from 1960 to 2009, we try to …” „… minister: Neither the gender nor the parenthoodof finance ministers affects public deficits. Female …”

Ability of the finance minister S. 78-80

„… impact of the finance minister’s individual characteristics on public deficits, we regard it as necessary …” „… in the private and public sector. Besley and Case (1995) expand this idea in their reputation …” „… . Following Besley and Case (1995), financeministers with a short time horizon, e.g., ministers close to …”

Different results and fiscal institutions and attitudes S. 141-143

„… that their qualification affects local fiscal outcomes. Also,the two studies for finance ministers in …” „… of the political decisionmakers matter for public finances. In particular, the studies on Germany …” „… ministers related to her budgetary preferences, such as age, parental status,and ideological leaning, affect …”

Motivation S. 15-18

„… societycan run effective public institutions while ignoring the qualityof who is recruited to public office …” „… competence of the decision makerswhen political events or policy outcomes are discussed in public. The …” „… systems.1 During the public debt crisis in Europe, the high valuewhich is put on political decision makers …”

„… Chapter 4 finds no significant differencebetween female and male finance ministers with respect to public …” „… minister’s ability to ensuresound public finances. Model 5 in Table 5.3 shows that finance ministers who …” „… 5.4.2 Results related to the finance minister’s preferencesThe following part highlights the …”

Policy implications S. 144-145

„… , there is no publiclyknown, deterministic rule for the selection of a finance minister that, indeed …” „… deterministicselection process at work. Therefore, the RDD cannot be applied in the two studies onfinance ministers in …” „… German state and European central governments. The selectionprocess of these finance ministers is neither …”

Budgeting procedures in Germany S. 76

„… influence expenditures in the budgeting process.4.3 Personality of the finance minister and public deficits …” „… , thefinance minister has a non-negligible influence on the budget during the entire following budget year. It …” „… parliament. Therefore, we assume in ouranalysis that the current finance minister is mainly responsible for …”

Further research S. 145-146

„… finance (finance ministers inGerman states) or, second, stay in office for a long period of time (mayors …” „… in Bavarianmunicipalities and finance ministers in German states).The third feature that supports the …” „… belong to the same party if thegovernment is formed by more than one party (finance ministers in German …”

Germany's federal design and political parties S. 73-74

„… that neither the finance minister’s gender nor the existence of children or herage affect public …” „… the finance minister prior to her nomination affects publicdeficits. Finance ministers who gained …” „… in the field of public finance. With a new data set that includes biographicalinformation on the …”

Fiscal federalism in Germany S. 74-76

„… process.4.3 Personality of the finance minister and public deficits in GermanstatesPublic finance theories …” „… statefinance minister to influence the share of joint revenue or equalization transfers forher state in the …” „… stateparliaments before being passed by parliament at the end of the year. However, thefinance minister has a …”

Model specification S. 81-82

„… real terms per capitaas the most appropriate indicator of the finance minister’s strength. In the …” „… of interest, here the public deficit, must be transformed. Three conceptsare principally used: First …” „… the performance of the finance minister to her predecessors within astate.12 Second, an interpretation …”

Different empirical methods S. 143-144

„… public finances they rely on two different empirical methodologies. The two studies on the finance …” „… ministers in German states (Chapter 4) and inEuropean central governments (Chapter 5) rely on a standard …” „… nomination of a specific finance minister would be of concern asthey would be correlated with the outcome …”

Specification of the econometric model S. 109-111

„… finance minister in aEuropean central government is not a public elective office, instead the finance …” „… characteristics on fiscal policy. In the context of European finance ministers,however, reverse causality should …” „… minister is appointed by the head of government. The preceding selection process is neithertransparent nor …”

References S. 149-158

„… . ‘Do personal characteristics of finance ministers affect the development of public debt?’ Paper …” „… governance and performance.’ Journal of Financial Economics 94 (2):291–309.Ade, Florian. 2013. Local Public …” „… (2):277.Ashworth, John, Benny Geys, and Bruno Heyndels. 2005. ‘Government weaknessand local public debt …”

List of tables S. 11-12

„… ministers and fiscal performance 303.1 Number of elections and candidates by election outcome (1950–2009 …” „… Qualification and key public finance indicators 493.6 Qualification and local taxation 513.7 Specific …” „… professional expertise and public debt 533.8 Farmers and local taxation 543.9 McCrary test results 563.10 …”

Traditional theories on budget deficits as control variables S. 80-81

„… complex process of cabinet formation in the German states. Theappointment of the finance minister and …” „… professionalbackgrounds. Second, the prime minister has to present a well-diversified and balanced cabinet to ensure the …” „… partners orwith the overall number of ministers within a cabinet. Following the seminal contributions of …”

Estimation methods S. 86-88

„… 0.485 0 1 38mp 499 0.796 0.404 0 1 88spending_minister 499 0.379 0.486 0 1 40public 499 0.631 0.483 0 1 …” „… 68public_finance 499 0.142 0.350 0 1 15public_other 499 0.551 0.498 0 1 60other 499 0.146 0.354 0 1 …” „… 263.213 852:894 1,552.622 –The finance ministers’ budgetary preferenceleft 499 0.429 0.495 0 1 58age 499 …”

Introduction S. 33-36

„… publicfinances. Based on data for Chinese provinces, Persson and Zhuravskaya (2011) findevidence that more public …” „… (2014,see also ch. 4) consider the role of the finance minister and investigate how her educational and …” „… professional background affects public deficits in German states. Theydemonstrate that the education of the …”

Spending priorities and public good provision S. 26-27

„… public expenditures.Using data from the German Länder, Hayo and Neumeier (2012) identify prime ministers …” „… professionalexperience.2.2.3 Spending priorities and public good provisionTo the best of my knowledge, there are no …” „… makers affect spendingpriorities or the provision of public goods. However, some studies investigate the …”

Monetary policy S. 24-26

„… and public good provisionTo the best of my knowledge, there are no studies to date that examine …” „… or the provision of public goods. However, some studies investigate the effect of other …” „… local councils in Indiaon public good provision. They show that female council members invest more …”

Changes in the form of government S. 27

„… priorities or public good provision.2.2.4 Changes in the form of governmentAnother strand in the literature …” „… .32.3 Strength of the finance minister and fiscal policyThe previous sections of this chapter highlight …”

Corporate performance S. 27

„… priorities or public good provision.2.2.4 Changes in the form of governmentAnother strand in the literature …” „… .32.3 Strength of the finance minister and fiscal policyThe previous sections of this chapter highlight …”

Validity of the regression discontinuity design S. 55-57

„… ) who find that finance ministers that have a professional background in thefinancial sector incur lower …” „… position provideonly little evidence that specific experience affects local public finances. For all …” „… local public debt. For the group of former farmers, however, wecan analyze the specific effects on a …”

Specific professions on fiscal outcomes S. 52-55

„… affects public finances (Svaleryd,2009; Ferreira and Gyourko, 2011; Campa, 2011). Initially, our intention …” „… farmer, (3) a financial professional, (4) a lawyer or (5) a public employee. Asoutcomes, we will again …” „… focus on local public debt. Moreover, we will investigatespecific fiscal outcomes for one group in …”

Candidate characteristics and election outcomes S. 21-24

„… ability or competence which is unknown tothe public. In these models, politicians usually exploit the …” „… policyresults. Before examining this question empirically in the sphere of public financesin chapters 3, 4, and …” „… the pivotal role of the finance minister in fiscal policy.2.1 Candidate characteristics and election …”

Concluding remarks S. 146-148

„… finance minister affect fiscal performance. For instance, it can be hypothesized that a finance minister …” „… a minister of education. The same question couldbe asked for changes in health care spending when a …” „… former physician becomes minister of health. As it turns out, the assessment of political decision makers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250052

Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Internationale Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) - Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores

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Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (ed.), Internationale Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) (ed.)

Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores

2013

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Lista de autores S. 12-34

„… experto en política públic , reforma de gober anza, finanzas públicas y anticorrupción en países en …” „… Institute of Public Administration Studies (Instituto de Estudios en Administración Pública); furthermore …” „… professional experience in the private sector and public administration. He was Managing Director of the Real …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251868

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VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee

Browse Volumes: VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee

VRÜ | WCL Volume 36 (2003) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2941-9603

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Francisco Fernández-Segado El federalismo en America Latina S. 23-48

„… , The Minister of Justice, The Ministry of Safety and Security, The Chairperson of the Truth and …” „… torture, this does not yet constitute a rule of public international law. In particular it must be …” „… particularly doubtful whether there exists a rule of public international law requiring states not to accord …”

Christiane Simmler Verurteilen oder vergessen – zur Frage des Umgangs mit schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen S. 6-22

„… , The Minister of Justice, The Ministry of Safety and Security, The Chairperson of the Truth and …” „… torture, this does not yet constitute a rule of public international law. In particular it must be …” „… particularly doubtful whether there exists a rule of public international law requiring states not to accord …”

Atangcho N. Akonumbo The legal Aspects of Privatisation in Cameroon. The Experience and the Lessons S. 75-102

„… . The Minister Delegate in charge of the Stabilisation Plan for Public Finances and Economic Recovery …” „… Committee is comprised of: the minister in charge of the plan, stabilisation of public finance and economic …” „… principally not only at reducing the State burden of subsidising ailing public/semi-public enterprises, but …”

Carola Glinski Environmental Justice in South African Law and Policy S. 49-74

„… public power. 20 Last but not least, secrecy clauses in South African legislation allowed for …” „… withholding information from the public. 21 C. The Legal Process since the First Democratic Elections …” „… Minister of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, 1998 (1) SA 765 (CC), at par 8. 55 sequently, the right to equality …”

Buchbesprechungen S. 112-155

„… the debates to an interested public in four comprehensive parts. The papers in part I give an …” „… international security in Europe and North America. This publication presents the proceedings and results of …” „… . The publication definitely lacks an extensive bibliography. Dagmar Reimmann, Tong Norton, England …”

doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2003-1

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KAS African Law Study Library

Browse Volumes: KAS African Law Study Library

KAS Volume 7 (2020) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2363-6262

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David Gaël Majambo Kamenga, Clémence Kishiba Malifwa Le juge pénal congolais, civil ou militaire, n’a pas le droit, ni de blâmer le ministère public, ni de lui faire des observations et encore moins, de lui donner des injonctions S. 100-111

„… Le juge pénal congolais, civil ou militaire, n’a pas le droit, ni de blâmer le ministère public, ni …” „… ministère public en vue de la complétude d’une instruction dans des cas prévus par la loi, nous avons …” „… raison de l’indépendance réciproque du ministère public à l’égard des juges (article 219 CJM) ou des …”

Eliezer Costa Kolesha Tshiangala Du Droit congolais et de la protection du droit à la sante en milieu carcéral : cas de la prison centrale de Kasapa S. 54-74

„… ‐ casion de l’exercice du maintien de l’ordre public. Reconnaissance du droit à la santé en détention …” „… les soins que son état nécessite, tout en incluant l’égalité d’accès au service public et l’obliga …” „… conjointe, entre principalement, les ministères ayant respectivement, dans leurs attributions, la santé et …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-2

„… militaire, n’a pas le droit, ni de blâmer le ministère public, ni de lui faire des observations et encore …”

Kis Kisimba Bondo, Joseph Kabozya Wa Kabozya, Véro Mubaka Katalay Etude jurisprudentielle de la liquidation du régime matrimonial des époux pour cause de mort face à la succession S. 36-44

„… désaccords avec leur père avant son décès. Vu l’urgence et sur demande du ministère public, le tribunal avait …” „… constations graves sur la liquidation, le tribunal compétent désigne d’office ou à la requête du ministère …” „… public ou d’un des héritiers, un liquidateur judiciaire parent ou étranger à la famille ».9 Il en résulte …”

Martin Mwenze Minza Facteurs explicatifs de la faible mobilisation des recettes du secteur minier dans la province du Haut-Katanga S. 154-171

„… site du ministère des mines. La société civile continue à demander la publication du contrat entre la …” „… 2009 portant protection de l'enfant. D'après le rapport RAID, le Ministère du Com‐ merce chinois à …” „… systématique la quantité des redevances minières versées au trésor public à titre d'impôts, taxes douanières …”

Fréddy Ilunga Bondo, Nadine Fatu Mata Etude des facteurs favorisant l’impunité a la législation en matière de violences sexuelles en République Démocratique du Congo S. 17-35

„… fournie par le ministère public. Plus de 60 % des jugements rendus en matière de violences sexuelles par …” „… violences sexuelles. Elle contribue ainsi au redressement de la moralité publique, de l’ordre public et de …” „… difficultés ou à parler en public devant les hommes. De peur d’être désapprouvés, ils se recroquevillent et …”

doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2020-1

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