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Sarah Raveling - Self-Representation Before International Criminal Tribunals

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Sarah Raveling

Self-Representation Before International Criminal Tribunals

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 11 2014

Results in this title

International Criminal Court S. 439

„… Pre-Trial Chamber in Person,28 August 2008International Criminal CourtProsecutor v. Germain KatangaCase No …” „… B. Table of casesExtraordinary Chambers in the Courts of CambodiaCase FileNo. 002/19-09-2007 …” „… of Leave to Appeal datedthe 11th day of May 2006, 10 July 2006International Criminal Tribunal for …”

Balance of interests S. 313-325

„… fn.2.1380 Cf. William A. Schabas, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court …” „… communities,prosecution and court in particular, and international community in general.1388 Thus, it might not be …” „… Interests of Justice?: A Critique of the ICTY Trial Court’sDecision to Assign Counsel to Slobodan Miloševi …”

National jurisdictions S. 16-34

„… Krajišnik beforethe ICTY).Even though future proceedings, for example at the International CriminalCourt …” „… InternationalCriminal Court: The Experience from the International Criminal Tribunal for theFormer Yugoslavia, in: Horst …” „… international criminal courts, the idea that international criminal law encompasses a legal system of its own104 …”

Influence of national and regional interpretations of the right to self-representation on the international criminal legal system S. 45-52

„… Statute of the International Court of Justice, and will include written provisions, customary …” „… 159 See Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 38: “1. The Court, whosefunction is to …” „… Antonio Cassese, The Influence of the European Court of Human Rights on International Criminal Tribunals …”

Doctrine S. 431-439

„… (2006)Bartholomeusz, Lance: The Amicus Curiae Before International Courts and Tribunals,5 Non-State …” „… in Person or ThroughLegal Assistance and the International Criminal Court, 13 Leiden Journal of …” „… Influence of the European Court of Human Rights on InternationalCriminal Tribunals – Some Methodological …”

Statutory provisions on the right to defend oneself in person S. 54-66

„… context.As alluded to before, the statutes of international and hybrid criminaltribunals and courts …” „… ; […]” (emphasis added).200 Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court, A/CONF.183/9, 17 July 1998(“Rome …” „… Defended in Person orThrough Legal Assistance and the International Criminal Court, 13 Leiden Journalof …”

The role of imposed counsel S. 349-363

„… of appointment of counsel to prose defendants before other international criminal tribunals.II. The …” „… context, it seemsthat it quickly became apparent to domestic courts that the right given toaccused to …” „… the U.K. Court of Appeal, establishing the notion of a “McKenzie Friend”.1526 The court in this case …”

Regional jurisdictions S. 34-45

„… outlinedin Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and will include written …” „… assist in concentrating on solutions apposite for the international contextrather than looking at …” „… ill-suited for applicationin international criminal proceedings.II. Regional jurisdictions1. Existing …”

The impact of self-representation on the right to a fair trial S. 114-122

„… international courts have consistently heldthat there may be circumstances where it is appropriate and the …” „… unskilledaccused wage a court room battle with a powerful international prosecutor?Disregarding the insistence of …” „… , Reconciling the Conflicting Rights of Victims and Defendants at the International Criminal Court, 26 Saint …”

Recognition of the right to self-representation at different stages of the proceedings S. 89-114

„… InternationalCriminal Justice 611 (2012), at 617: “[…] international criminal courts must becapable of absorbing a …” „… asfundamentally unfair.”419 Antonio Cassese, The Influence of the European Court of Human Rights on International …” „… , Article 67, in: Otto Triffterer (ed.), Commentary on the RomeStatute of the International Criminal Court …”

The initial recognition of the right to self-representation S. 66-89

„… Verlagsgesellschaft) 2010, p.96.248 Cf. Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 38.1.b …” „… (C) SCSL RPE.281 Claus Kreß, Witnesses in Proceedings Before the International Criminal Court …” „… 67, in: Otto Triffterer (ed.), Commentary on the RomeStatute of the International Criminal Court …”

Introduction: Subject and methodology S. 13-16

„… signatureof the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), the right toself-representation before …” „… all internationaland internationalised (hybrid) tribunals and courts dealing with international …” „… reference regards the proceedings in that case in general.13the International Criminal Court. It will have …”

Potential ethical implications for imposed counsel S. 363-381

„… Bartholomeusz,The Amicus Curiae Before International Courts and Tribunals, 5 Non-State Actorsand International Law …” „… ) 2003, p.35-74, at 44-45.1626 Lance Bartholomeusz, The Amicus Curiae Before International Courts …” „… court-appointed counsel – independent of theirofficial designation – is rather blurred.1593 Appointed counsel seem …”

Das Recht auf Selbstverteidigung in nationalen und regionalen Jurisdiktionen S. 400-404

„… International Criminal Court, A/CONF.183/9, 17 July 1998(“Rome Statute”, “ICC Statute”), Artikel 21(1)(c).404 …” „… die Diskussion des Rechts auf Selbstverteidigungvor internationalen Strafrechtstribunalen zu schaffen …” „… internationalen Instanzen von Relevanz sind.Besonders zu nennen ist im Rahmen der common law-Rechtsprechung …”

Potential room for active participation by accused in the proceedings S. 384-398

„… 968-969.1689 Claus Kreß, The Procedural Law of the International Criminal Court in Outline:Anatomy of a Unique …” „… the International Criminal Court, as jurisdictionwhich is most likely to have to deal with the right …” „… exercises, it has been argued that “now is the time for international criminallaw to unchain itself …”

Language barriers influencing the exercise of self-representation S. 149-167

„… court or tribunal, allegedly guaranteed by nationaland international legislation. However, considering …” „… other people’s assistance.2. International Criminal CourtThe wording adopted in the Rome Statute of the …” „… RomeStatute of the International Criminal Court. Observers’ Notes, Article by Article(Munich: Verlag C.H.Beck …”

Gesetzliche Vorschriften zum Recht auf Selbstverteidigung S. 405-406

„… . Gesetzliche Vorschriften zum Recht auf SelbstverteidigungDie relevanten Vorschriften für internationale …” „… für die Anwendung dieser Vorschriften sind außerdem einige prozessuale Regelungen internationaler …” „… Updated Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia(as amended 07 July 2009 …”

Negative consequences of the choice to self-represent for the accused S. 122-127

„… that in addition to the defendant’s rights,criminal proceedings of international import equally …” „… pitfalls and actual repercussions of self-representation in thepractice of international criminal …” „… international criminal tribunals, thereby laying the groundwork forthe argument that a practical implementation …”

Zwischenbemerkung S. 404-405

„… internationale StrafrechtssystemDie vorangehende Diskussion ist von Bedeutung, da internationale …” „… die Anwendung in internationalenJurisdiktionen auszulegen.1742 Vor allen Dingen in den Anfängen ist …” „… Arbeit die Position vertreten wird, dass internationales (Prozess-)Strafrecht als unabhängiges System …”

Gerichtliche Auslegung des Rechts auf Selbstverteidigung S. 406-410

„… Procedure and Evidence1752 und Vorschrift 76(1) der Regulations of theCourt des ICC.1753B …” „… der Analyse relevanter Rechtsprechung an internationalen Strafrechtstribunalen. Die Rechtsprechung ist …” „… , ICC-ASP/1/3, 10 September2002.1753 Regulation 76(1) of the Regulations of the Court, ICC-BD/01-03-11 (as …”

Risk of self-incrimination S. 127-131

„… ordinarily not proficient in international criminal lawand procedure can indeed be held to the same standards …” „… (U.S. Supreme Court), 422U.S. 806, 30 June 1975, at 835. See also for the ECHR:Melin v. France …” „… made by him in court despite the express caution by the benchmight be used by the judges in their …”

Obstruction of the proceedings S. 278-305

„… February 2010, para.35.1185 William A. Schabas, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court …” „… the potential ramifications on currentand future international criminal procedure.One of the subject …” „… . Jones, Untangling the Right to Self-Representationin the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former …”

Einleitung: Thema und Untersuchungsgang S. 399-400

„… ANNEX. Summary (German)Selbstverteidigung vor Internationalen Strafrechtstribunalen …” „… einem Recht auf Selbstverteidigung1723 vor internationalenStrafrechtstribunalen stellt sich insbesondere …” „… des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes (IGStH) bieten kann.1723 Der Begriff “Selbstverteidigung”wird …”

The role of legal associates in Tolimir and Karadži? S. 245-259

„… international law would not appear in court, despite his assistancebeing “essential”.1052 Yet, the accused …” „… International Law 151 (2004), at 171-173; Yael Danieli, Massive Trauma andthe Healing Role of Restorative …” „… active involvement in the court proceedings.1039 Aboveall the defendants in Karadži? and Tolimir relied …”

Privileged communications with legal advisors S. 259-265

„… interest in protecting confidential information and preserving theoverall integrity of international …” „… international criminal tribunals– thereby presumably addressing any accountability questions that may arisewith …” „… with individuals about whom the International Tribunal has noknowledge”.1114 It was questioned “whether …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… . Ad hocTribunals1642. International Criminal Court167V. Adequate time and facilities for …” „… Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht Edited byProfessor Dr. Martin Heger …” „… International Criminal TribunalsNomosStämpfli VerlagAchtung:Innentitelei – Impressumdeutsch oder …”

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia S. 439

„… Pre-Trial Chamber in Person,28 August 2008International Criminal CourtProsecutor v. Germain KatangaCase No …” „… B. Table of casesExtraordinary Chambers in the Courts of CambodiaCase FileNo. 002/19-09-2007 …” „… of Leave to Appeal datedthe 11th day of May 2006, 10 July 2006International Criminal Tribunal for …”

Adequate time and facilities for self-represented accused S. 167-245

„… sufficient level of fluency. While the working languages of the Court are,like before the ad hoc tribunals …” „… international criminaltribunals indicates that one of the most significant questions relates to the“Decision on …” „… preparation of the defence.In the international human rights context, the Human Rights Committee,commenting on …”

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda S. 439-441

„… Pre-Trial Chamber in Person,28 August 2008International Criminal CourtProsecutor v. Germain KatangaCase No …” „… B. Table of casesExtraordinary Chambers in the Courts of CambodiaCase FileNo. 002/19-09-2007 …” „… of Leave to Appeal datedthe 11th day of May 2006, 10 July 2006International Criminal Tribunal for …”

Preliminary observations S. 52-53

„… with international standards of fairness”.189C. Preliminary observationsThis first examination of …” „… approaches to the exercise of the right to self-representation in national, regional and international human …” „… interpretation and application of the right to defend oneself inperson in the context of international criminal …”

Motivations expressed by self-represented accused S. 269-276

„… wereHeads of State on Trial, 38 Cornell International Law Journal 949 (2005), at 965-966.1133 See e.g …” „… .3534.1134 Nina H.B. Jørgensen, The Right of the Accused to Self-Representation BeforeInternational Criminal …” „… Tribunals, 98 The American Journal of International Law711 (2004), at 711.1135 Prosecutor v. Slobodan …”

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia S. 441-465

„… desDocuments en Versions Française et Kinyarwanda, 06 décembre 2004International Criminal Tribunal for the …” „… Submission Pursuant to Rule 33(B) Regarding theAccused’s Representation and the Transmission of Court …” „… .32357-32359Case No. IT-02-54-T, Order on theModalities to be Followed by Court Assigned Counsel,03 September …”

Complexity of proceedings and (lack of) legal knowledge S. 131-149

„… legally trained. Thesubject matter and legal questions arising in international criminal proceedings are …” „… often of a complex nature.498 Not only the procedure in court andfor filings needs to be mastered, but …” „… before international criminal tribunals which developed over yearsof operation.499 In practice, this …”

General views on potential motives of pro se defendants S. 265-269

„… observer that the scope andmagnitude of international criminal proceedings make it impossible for …” „… by legal associates above all in their contact with the court. Yet, thereasonably balanced approach …” „… dissertation will briefly examine the reasons forwhich defendants in international criminal proceedings may …”

Imposition of counsel S. 325-349

„… international criminal proceedings.B. Nature and forms of restrictionsI. Imposition of counselTurning to the …” „… depending on the sum involved.1409Similar directives exist at other international criminal tribunals to …” „… , the directive applicable before the Special Court for Sierra Leoneprovides for the possibility to …”

Die Rolle von Rechtsberatern für sich selbst verteidigende Angeklagte S. 419-420

„… and the Need for the Court,Registry and the Prosecution to Communicate with the Accused in the Serbian …” „… , Self-Representation Before the ICTY. A Case for Reform, 9 Journal of International Criminal Justice 53 (2011), at …”

“Clean slate” principle S. 307-311

„… requirements for imposition of counsel fulfilled, despite the conviction of theaccused for contempt of court …” „… Authority of International Criminal Justice.How Vojislav Šešelj Runs his Trial, 5 Journal of International …” „… Reform, 9Journal of International Criminal Justice 53 (2011), at 64.308The appeals chamber itself …”

Mögliche und tatsächliche praktische Auswirkungen der Ausübung des Rechts auf Selbstverteidigung S. 410-419

„… aufSelbstverteidigung den speziellen Umständen internationaler Strafprozesseungenügend Rechnung trägt und daher in …” „… internationalerStrafverfahren. HauptsächlicheGrundlage dafür bildet die Analyse relevanter410Verfahren, um den praktischen …” „… Rahmens durch sich selbst verteidigendeAngeklagteDie rechtliche und sachlicheKomplexität internationaler …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250878

Lena Lindemann - Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions

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Lena Lindemann

Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 3 2013

Results in this title

International Criminal Court S. 299-300

„… for the Referral of Wenceslas Muyeshyaka’s Indictment to France, 20 November2007.International …” „… Criminal CourtThe Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (“Ahmad Harun”) and Ali Muhammad AliAbd-Al-Rahman …” „… issued on 10 February 2006, but is found on theICC website of the Court as an annex to a decision of 24 …”

Bibliography S. 287-296

„… .Almqvist, Jessica: Complementarity and Human Rights: A Litmus Test for the InternationalCriminal Court, in …” „… Jurisdiction and Trigger-Mechanism of the InternationalCriminal Court, in: von Reflections on the International …” „… Jurisprudence on Admissibility (December 21, 2009).The International Criminal Court and Complementarity: From …”

Primary International Jurisdiction S. 44-47

„… between International and National CourtsAs summarized above,100 the modern jurisdictional regime is …” „… prosecuted as ordinarycrimes in domestic courts. Even when charged as ordinary crimes, their international …” „… of the twentieth century onwards several international criminal courts werebrought into being to …”

National Prosecution of International Crimes S. 38-44

„… prosecuted as ordinary crimes in domestic courts.b)89 Ferdinandusse, Direct Application of International …” „… Jurisdiction between International and National CourtsAs summarized above,100 the modern jurisdictional regime …” „… international crimes. Such laws normally empower domestic courts toexercise jurisdiction if the alleged crime …”

International Prosecution of International Crimes S. 27-38

„… international criminal courts. Asinternational criminal courts are especially established for the prosecution of …” „… enforcement model”. Currently, there are multiple international andinternationalized criminal courts enforcing …” „… International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (IC-TR), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), all of which may …”

The Impact of the Referral Practice on National Extradition Decisions S. 213-235

„… génocidaires.Because of the wide-spread critique, a proposal to amend the British International Criminal Court Act to …” „… international criminaljustice.Remarkably, the Court finally stressed that it “certainly cannot sanction …” „… http://www.trial-ch.org/de/ueber-uns/weltkarte-der-internationalen-justiz.html.855 The ECtHR may, under Rule 39 of its Rules of Court, indicate interim measures to any …”

The Impact of the Referral Process on National Judicial Systems S. 203-213

„… Tribunals to National Courts,at 11.772 Ibid,.773 Burke-White, The Domestic Influence of International …” „… prohibition is that the protection of international human rights, including the right to a fair trial …” „… , overrides any international legal obligation to surrender a person to a state where such human rights …”

Requirements for Referral under Rule 11bis S. 84-203

„… Examination of the Process of Referrals to National Courts in ICTYJurisprudence, Fordham International Law …” „… of Referrals to National Courts in ICTYJurisprudence, Fordham International Law Journal 33 (2010), at …” „… having committed a crime fallingwithin the jurisdiction of an international criminal court, is of great …”

Introduction S. 21-23

„… establishment of the ICC not necessarily renderedother international courts outmoded is indicated, for example …” „… the International Criminal Court(ICC). Due to the complementary nature of the ICC, the Court can only …” „… courts.Certainly, the jurisprudence of the Tribunals on referrals will have a large impacton referral cases …”

Referral of Cases After Indictment S. 70-84

„… Referrals to National Courts in ICTYJurisprudence, Fordham International Law Journal 33 (2010), at 733.271 …” „… Courts in ICTYJurisprudence, Fordham International Law Journal 33 (2010), at 733.79However, the purpose …” „… Process of Referrals to National Courts in ICTYJurisprudence, Fordham International Law Journal 33 (2010 …”

Development of the Completion Strategies S. 52-63

„… Ibid., paras 47–54.159 Ibid., paras 47–56.160 Ibid., para 55.54an International Criminal Court”.161 It …” „… CourtsSubsequently, in June 2002, the ICTY’s President, the Prosecutor and the Registrarsubmitted a further report …” „… International Tribunals perceived themin a rather negative manner.143All of the foregoing considerations …”

Table of Contents S. 11-18

„… Ordinary Crimesb) 4211Distribution of Jurisdiction between International and National CourtsC. 44Primary …” „… International Criminal Court (ICC)3. 36Establishment of the ICCa) 36Structure of the ICCb) 37Jurisdiction of the …” „… Prosecution of International Crimes 24International CrimesA. 24GenocideI. 25Crimes Against HumanityII. 26War …”

Transfer of Cases Prior to Indictment S. 66-70

„… crimes cases between internationaland national criminal courts.The Completion Strategy contemplated two …” „… International Criminal Tribunals, 14 LJIL 14 (2001), at 859 et seq.229 Raab, Evaluating the ICTY and its …” „… national and not at the international level arose from the desire to complete thecostly work of the …”

War Crimes S. 26-27

„… andinternationalized criminal courts enforcing international core crimes. These courtswill be briefly presented in the …” „… prosecuted by international criminal courts. Asinternational criminal courts are especially established for …” „… against humanity have not been the subjectof a comprehensive international treaty.A crime against humanity …”

Summary Table of Contents S. 9-10

„… International and National CourtsC. 44Primary International JurisdictionI. 45Complementary International …” „… of the Prosecution of International Crimes 24International CrimesA. 24GenocideI. 25Crimes Against …” „… HumanityII. 26War CrimesIII. 26Prosecution of International CrimesB. 27International Prosecution of …”

Prosecuting as an Ordinary Crime S. 240-256

„… the norms of due process recognized by international law or if the proceedings inthe other court …” „… the RomeStatute of the International Criminal Court, Military Law Review 167 (2001), at 52.893 See …” „… between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, at 319; Kleffner, The Impact of …”

De Lege Lata S. 257-271

„… 518; Ellis, The InternationalCriminal Court and Its Implication for Domestic Law and National Capacity …” „… , The International Criminal Court and its Implications for Domestic Law and NationalCapacity Builduing …” „… of an International Criminal Court, UN General Assembly Resolution52/160, 28 January 1998, UN DOC …”

De Lege Ferenda S. 271-276

„… Alqvist, Complementarity and Human Rights: A Litmus Test for the International CriminalCourt, Loyola of …” „… .2.1023 Stigen, The Relationship between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, at …” „… 221.1024 Almqvist, Complementarity and Human Rights: A Litmus Test for the International Criminal Court …”

The System of Admissibility of a Case S. 238-240

„… 1 of the Rome Statute affirms that theInternational Criminal Court “shall be complementary to …” „… assumes the role of a “permanentreserve court”,884 which completes the “international criminal order”885 …” „… , The Role of an International Criminal Court in the Light of the Principle of Complementarity, at …”

Complementary International Jurisdiction S. 47-48

„… international crimes is “the duty ofevery State”116, the Court shall only step in when states do not or cannot …” „… versus the ICC, in: Cassese/Gaeta/Jones,The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A …” „… of a case from anational court to an international court for trial. Referral implies the transfer of …”

The Principle of Complementarity S. 236-238

„… between national and international criminal courts.876 As such theymay provide useful analogies.For a …” „… Razesberger, The International Criminal Court – The Principle of Complementarity, 2006; Morel, La mise en …” „… Statute affirms that theInternational Criminal Court “shall be complementary to national jurisdictions …”

Conclusion S. 279-282

„… already in thecustody of the Court. Can an international criminal court transfer an accused to anational …” „… Stigen, The Relationship between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, at 222.1051 …” „… Norris, Closer to Justice: Transferring Cases from the International Criminal Court, MN-JIL 19 (2010), at …”

No Prosecution due to Lack of Criminalization S. 256-257

„… Ibid., at 617.963 Carter, The Principle of Complementarity and the International Criminal Court: The …” „… between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, at 336.256can thus be concluded that …” „… Consequently, under the Rome Statute as it currently stands, the Court may notsubsequently try an accused that …”

Relevance of ICC Referrals to National Jurisdictions S. 276-279

„… significant help by international donors in creating and establishinga court such as the War Crimes Chambers …” „… Burke-White/Kaplan, Shaping the Contours of Domestic Justice: The International Criminal Court and an Admissibility …” „… , Shaping the Contours of Domestic Justice: The International Criminal Court and an Admissibility Challenge …”

Transfer of Jurisdiction: “Deferral” and “Referral” S. 48

„… anational court to an international court for trial. Referral implies the transfer of acase from the …” „… used in international criminal law.They both relate to the transfer of jurisdiction from one level to …” „… international tribunal for the purpose of trial at the national level.In the field of the Rome Statute, the term …”

Genocide S. 24-26

„… crime” shall be used to refer only tothose offences over which international courts or tribunals have …” „… international criminal courts.5 Inthe following the crime of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity …” „… First Part:Basic Features of the Prosecution of International CrimesInternational …”

Synthesis S. 282-286

„… trials conducted before national courts. For almost adecade the Tribunals were not so much interested in …” „… whether the cases could betterbe dealt with before national courts. Little effort was made to re-establish …” „… the growing pressure of the international community tocomplete the mandates of the Tribunals.The legal …”

List of Abbreviations S. 19-20

„… RightsECtHR European Court of Human RightsEJIL European Journal of International Lawet seq. and the …” „… Rights Law Reviewi.e. it estIbid. Ibidem (at the same place)ICC International Criminal Court …” „… International LawArt. ArticleBGBl. Bundesgesetzblatt (German Federal Law Gazette)BJIL Berkeley Journal of …”

Raison d’Être of the Completion Strategies S. 49-52

„… case for trial to the WarCrimes Chamber within the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in …” „… Sarajevo.This was the very first time in the realm of international criminal law that an international tribunal …” „… relatively slowpace international tribunals are usually operating at, the required time to finish itsmandate …”

Implementation of the Completion Strategy S. 63-66

„… “Completion Strategies” on the Ad Hoc InternationalCriminal Tribunals, 99 AJIL (2005), at 165. Disagreeing …” „… : Johnson, Closing and International Criminal Tribunal While Maintaining International Human Rights …” „… CompletionStrategy, JICJ 3(2005), at 99.214 Mundis, Completing the Mandates of the Ad Hoc International Criminal …”

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia S. 297-298

„… Table of CasesInternational Criminal Tribunal for the Former YugoslaviaProsecutor v. Dario Kordic …” „… Court, 25 May 2006.Prosecutor v. Milan Luki? and Srdoje Luki?, IT-98-32/1-PT, Decision on Referral of …” „… Referralunder 11bis, 7 April 2006.International Criminal Tribunal for RwandaThe Prosecutor v. Fulgence Kayishema …”

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda S. 298-299

„… Defence Appeal against Decision on Referralunder 11bis, 7 April 2006.International Criminal Tribunal for …” „… Prosecutor’sRequest for the Referral of Wenceslas Muyeshyaka’s Indictment to France, 20 November2007.International …” „… Criminal CourtThe Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (“Ahmad Harun”) and Ali Muhammad AliAbd-Al-Rahman …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242439

Yota Negishi - Conventionality Control of Domestic Law

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Yota Negishi

Conventionality Control of Domestic Law

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 312 2022

Results in this title

Permanent Court of International Justice / International Court of Justice S. 209

„… Bibliography Permanent Court of International Justice / International Court of Justice Factory at …” „… of the Courts of Danzig (Advisory Opinion), PCIJ Rep Series B No 15 (1928) 17–18. Legal Consequences …” „… Comment No 33 on Obligations of States parties under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Appreciation to Domestic Courts(ii) 77 Distributing Powers to Regional CourtsB. 81 Positive Subsidiarity for …” „… ) Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) International …” „… Court of Justice (ICJ) International Criminal Court (ICC) International Covenant on Civil and Political …”

Literature S. 225-252

„… :// www.ejiltalk.org/russian-constitutional-court-affirms-russian-constitutions-supre macy-over-ecthr-decisions/ Report of the International Law Commission, 70th sess, UN Doc A/73/10 …” „… ’ in James Thuo Gathii (eds), The Performance of Africa's International Courts: Using Litigation for …” „… , Laurence R, Transplanting International Courts: The Law and Politics of the Andean Tribunal of Justice …”

Chapter 2 International Distribution of Conventionality Control Powers S. 71-104

„… constitutionalisation of international adjudication is that human rights courts perform judicial review of national acts …” „… ). 233 Karen Alter, ‘The Multiple Roles of International Courts and Tribunals: Enforcement, Dispute …” „… Emerging Mandate for International Courts: Victim Centered Remedies and Restorative Justice’ (2011) 47 …”

Chapter 1 Application of Conventionality Control Parameters S. 105-154

„… effect serves as a shield to ‘justify the non-application of international law by the courts, and thereby …” „… Courts in International Law: The International Judicial Function of National Courts’ (2011) 34 Loyola of …” „… international law. Constitutional Court of South Africa, Government of South Africa and ors v Grootboom, Appeal …”

2. Research Materials and Frameworks S. 28-38

„… , ‘International Law in Japanese Courts’ in Curtis Bradley (ed), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign …” „… R Helfer (eds), Transplanting International Courts: The Law and Politics of the Andean Tribunal of …” „… Justice (Oxford University Press 2017). 60 Salvatore Caserta, International Courts in Latin America and …”

Chapter 1 Interpretation of Conventionality Control Parameters S. 39-70

„… concerned. It will be sufficient for the Court that the relevant international instruments denote a …” „… International Courts Intervene? (Cambridge University Press 2020) 41–60. 142 Demir and Baykara (n 117) para 86 …” „… Trindade, ibid, paras 232–245. See also, Sir Nigel Rodley, ‘The International Court of Justice and Human …”

1. Research Problems S. 17-27

„… Court of Human Rights Since 2010’ (2012) 55 German Yearbook of International Law 1–51. 11 James L …” „… Century: The Case of the Inter-American Court’ (2008) 102 American Journal of International Law 768–827 …” „… of international adjudication. Just as the San José Court characterises itself as ‘the ultimate …”

Chapter 2 Domestic Distribution of Conventionality Control Powers S. 155-194

„… , para 2. 662 Lech Garlicki, ‘Constitutional Courts versus Supreme Courts’ (2007) 5 International Journal …” „… international law, the jurisdiction first asks for a preliminary ruling to the Constitutional Court concerning …” „… Courts’ (2012) 23 European Journal of International Law 401–424, 412–418; Alec Stone Sweet, ‘A …”

Conclusion S. 195-208

„… many international courts and tribunals within the fragmented and pluralized international system’.824 …” „… , constitutional and ordinary courts. At the international level, the positive aspect of subsidiarity enables …” „… between ‘constitutionalised international adjudication’ (Part I) and ‘internationalised constitutional …”

Human Rights Committee S. 209

„… Bibliography Permanent Court of International Justice / International Court of Justice Factory at …” „… of the Courts of Danzig (Advisory Opinion), PCIJ Rep Series B No 15 (1928) 17–18. Legal Consequences …” „… Comment No 33 on Obligations of States parties under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant …”

Miscellaneous S. 224

„… Domestic Courts with Respect to a Decision Issued by an International Judicial or Quasi-judicial Body …” „… on the Engagement of Domestic Courts with International Law, the 77th Conference of the International …” „… Involving International Human Rights Law, annexed to Johannesburg Conference Resolution No 2/2016, the …”

National Practices S. 219-223

„… , Barbados, 4 de junio de 2002 Court of Justice of the European Union Case 6/64 Costa v ENEL [1964] ECR 585 …” „… Case 11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und …” „… 2009–20768–42-AL, Sentencia 1907/2011- R de 7 de noviembre 2011 [Bosnia and Herzegovina] Constitutional Court of …”

Organization of American States S. 214-218

„… Fundamental Freedoms, 5 June 2013 High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human Rights …” „… Interlaken Declaration 19 February 2010 High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human …” „… Rights, Izmir, Turkey 26 – 27 April 2011 High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of …”

Court of Justice of the European Union S. 219

„… , Barbados, 4 de junio de 2002 Court of Justice of the European Union Case 6/64 Costa v ENEL [1964] ECR 585 …” „… Case 11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929833

Astrid Wiik - Amicus Curiae before International Courts and Tribunals

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Astrid Wiik

Amicus Curiae before International Courts and Tribunals

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 4 2018

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Chapter § 4 Characteristics, status and function of amicus curiae before international courts S. 123-174

„… Characteristics, status and function of amicus curiaebefore international courtsThe meaning and …” „… varied reception of amici curiae by international courts and tri-bunals, the analysis shows that amici …” „… procedural instrument that is fully subject to the discretionof the international court or tribunal (I …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… curiae before national courtsA. 74Emergence and rise of amicus curiae before international courtsand …” „… courtsChapter § 4123Characteristics of the international amicus curiaeA. 123Functions of the international …” „… international instrumentChapter § 3 73Amicus curiae before national courtsA. 74The origins of amicus curiaeI. 74 …”

Bibliography S. 707-734

„… Lauterpacht, H., The development of international law by the International Court,Stevens, London 1958 …” „… TheJournal of Politics (1967), pp. 41-69Bartholomeusz, L., The amicus curiae before international courts and …” „… Benzing, M., Community interests in the procedure of international courts and tri-bunals, 5 The Law and …”

Chapter § 1 Introduction S. 25-40

„… decision which international courtsand tribunals to include in the study. Not all international courts and …” „… . With the exception of the IACtHR, international courts andmay submit an unsolicited report to the court …” „… , international courts and compliance bodies, The Hague 2005,p. 57 (‘[A]n amicus curiae is a person or …”

Chapter § 3 An international instrument S. 73-122

„… international court or tribunal.Like many other procedural concepts used before international courtsand …” „… International courts and tribunals as well as amicus curiae peti-Chapter § 31 Legal Consequences for States of …” „… procedural law as a source for general princi-ples of international law by international courts and tribunals …”

Chapter § 9 Conclusion S. 569-574

„… . Two basic questions have guided thisendeavour: what is amicus curiae before international courts and …” „… how it is used across all international courts and tribunals. In-stead, definitions are drawn commonly …” „… international courts andtribunals reviewed has shown that the international amicus curiae can bedescribed by …”

Chapter § 8 Effects on the international dispute settlement system S. 489-568

„… . Razzaque, Changing role of friends of the court in the international courtsand tribunals, 1 Non-State …” „… curiae. International courts,as Mendelson puts it, are not general public enquiries.114 Although …” „… indeed has had an effect on theproceedings and decisions of international courts and tribunals …”

Chapter § 2 Great expectations? Presumed functions and drawbacks of amicus curiae participation S. 41-72

„… to amicus curiaebefore international courts and tribunals (A.) and then address the feareddrawbacks …” „… available to international courts and tribunals(I.); that amicus curiae is a medium through which …” „… (II.); that amicus curiae increases the legitimacy of inter-national courts and tribunals, as well as …”

Chapter § 7 Does content matter? Substantive effectiveness of amicus curiae submissions S. 429-488

„… such.Views in academia as to whether and how international courts and tri-bunals consider amicus curiae …” „… overlap may be problematic where an in-ternational court or tribunal considers amicus curiae submissions …” „… whether and how submissionsare considered by international courts and tribunals in the outcome of adispute …”

Chapter § 6 Amici curiae in the proceedings S. 317-428

„… proceedings.As in the admission process, international courts and tribunals have dis-cretion over the …” „… the President of the Chamber.’ However, this discre-tion is not unlimited. International courts and …” „… international courts and tri-bunals to strike a balance between these interests have shaped amicus cu-riae …”

Chapter § 5 Admission of amicus curiae to the proceedings S. 175-316

„… questionan international court or tribunal considers upon receiving a request forleave to appear as amicus …” „… international court or tribunal could draw authority to allowamicus curiae participation: treaty law, customary …” „… de-scribes the situation where the international court or tribunal draws per-mission to accept amicus curiae …”

Methodology S. 575-704

„… 576International Court of JusticeContentious casesYearCaseAmicus curiae[State/NGO/IO/Ind]A/R/I/An1949 …” „… Court v. Peru, Judgment of 24 September 1999(Competence), Series C No. 55International Human Rights Law …” „… partyin the proceedings before the national courtsA 2009Tănase and others v. Romania (striking out), No …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275925

Dominik Zimmermann - The Independence of International Courts

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Dominik Zimmermann

The Independence of International Courts

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 1 2014

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Appendix: International Courts – A Chart S. 525-530

„… Appendix: International Courts – A ChartECtHRICTRICTYICCITLOSICJGeneral CharacteristicsPermanentAd …” „… 526Appendix: International Courts – A ChartECtHRICTRICTYICCITLOSICJElection of …” „… Incompatibilities527Appendix: International Courts – A ChartECtHRICTRICTYICCITLOSICJImmunities Privileges …”

Chapter F: Judicial Independence in the International Criminal Court S. 284-342

„… F: Judicial Independence in the International Criminal CourtStates.1120 This global approach is …” „… Possible Influence on the International Criminal Court(Shaker Aachen 2002).312Chapter F: Judicial …” „… & Sands, Philippe J., 'Judicial Selection for International Courts:Towards Common Principles and Practices …”

Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court of Justice S. 124-211

„… Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court ofJusticeI. IntroductionThe ICJ327 was …” „… International Court of Justice as thePrincipal Judicial Organ of the United Nations (Kluwer Law International …” „… byInternational Courts and Tribunals – Vol. 4 – International Judicial Law (Stevens& Sons Limited London 1986 …”

Chapter C: The International Judiciary – Defining the Object of Investigation S. 89-123

„… stage for the elaboration of provisions concerning the independence of international courts.II. Judicial …” „… independence and the allure ofinternational courts is examined, is that independent international courts“pose a …” „… other.IV. The Basis for a Systematic Approach – Defining International Courtsand Tribunals1. Court or …”

Bibliography S. 539-598

„… (GrotiusCambridge 1991).Lauterpacht, Hersch, The Development of International Law by the International Court(Stevens …” „… International Disputes – International Court of Justice, other Courtsand Tribunals, Arbitration and Conciliation …” „… 1987).Amr, Mohamed SamehM., The Role of the International Court of Justice as the PrincipalJudicial …”

Chapter A: Introduction S. 33-46

„… international courts and tribunals. Since suchcourts and tribunals apply a system of lawwhich either is or has …” „… mark on the relationshipbetween States and the various kinds of international courts and tribunalsthat …” „… Jurisdictions of International Courts and Tribunals(Oxford University Press Oxford 2003), 3.12 Although it ought …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-32

„… The Independence of International CourtsDominik ZimmermannThe Adherence of the International …” „… BUT_Zimmermann_1248-9.indd 2 12.05.14 09:40Dominik ZimmermannThe Independence of International CourtsThe …” „… DataZimmermann, DominikThe Independence of International CourtsThe Adherence of the International Judiciary to a …”

Chapter I: Summary of Conclusions and Outlook S. 512-522

„… International Judiciary – BalancingIndependence and Courts’ Political NatureThe multiplication of international …” „… courts and tribunals has in recent decadesled to the development of a community of international judicial …” „… evolution. In so doing, international courts ultimately serve thecommon purpose of promoting justice and …”

Chapter B: The Notion of Judicial Independence – The Analytical Framework S. 47-88

„… independence can be safeguarded atvarious international courts.b) Modes of Exercising InfluenceDefining …” „… Theory and History' (2003) 2 The Law and Practice ofInternational Courts and Tribunals 1.48 See, e.g., S …” „… International Courts and Tribunals', 408; Anand, 'Role of InternationalAdjudication', 5; Higgins, Problems and …”

Chapter H: Judicial Independence in the European Court of Human Rights S. 425-511

„… Court’simmunities.The extent of the rights and duties for any subject of international lawfollow from the nature of the …” „… , e.g., Morris, Harvey, 'Britain vs. the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights' International Herald Tribune (19 …” „… international court will deliver justice, is remarkably higher in the case of the ECtHR compared to the …”

Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda S. 343-424

„… onehand, and the other international courts analysed in this study on the other,is the mode of …” „… ICTYEstablishing an international criminal court with the remit of trying individuals responsible for serious …” „… character of theTribunals, which should not be seen as general international criminal courts1329 For more …”

Chapter E: Judicial Independence in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea S. 212-283

„… international courts, since the traditional preferenceof States for utilizing arbitration instead of …” „… necessarily involve “the creationof an international court with binding powers of adjudication”. See Report of …” „… tribunal as an alternativeto the International Court of Justice in order to settle disputes relating to the …”

Zusammenfassung: Die Unabhängigkeit internationaler Gerichte – Die Einhaltung eines grundsätzlichen Werts der Rechtspflege durch die internationale Judikative S. 531-538

„… Gerichtsbarkeit im Völkerrecht (in derenglischsprachigen Literatur oft als „proliferation of international courts …” „… Zusammenfassung: Die Unabhängigkeit internationaler Gerichte– Die Einhaltung eines grundsätzlichen …” „… Werts der Rechtspflegedurch die internationale JudikativeI. Problemstellung und Aktualität der …”

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